| 1. |
- Barregård, Lars, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental exposure to wood smoke: effects on airway inflammation and oxidative stress.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 65:5, s. 319-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Particulate air pollution affects cardiovascular and pulmonary disease and mortality. A main hypothesis about the mechanisms involved is that particles induce inflammation in lower airways, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether short-term exposure to wood smoke in healthy subjects affects markers of pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS: 13 subjects were exposed first to clean air and then to wood smoke in a chamber during 4-hour sessions, 1 week apart. The mass concentrations of fine particles at wood smoke exposure were 240-280 mug/m(3), and number concentrations were 95 000-180 000/cm(3), about half of the particles being ultrafine (<100 nm). Blood and breath samples were taken before and at various intervals after exposure to wood smoke and clean air and examined for exhaled nitric oxide and Clara cell protein in serum and urine, and malondialdehyde in exhaled breath condensate. RESULTS: Exposure to wood smoke increased alveolar nitric oxide 3 hours post-exposure while malondialdehyde levels in breath condensate were higher both immediately after and 20 hours after exposure. Serum Clara cell protein was increased 20 hours after exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Wood smoke at levels that can be found in smoky indoor environments caused an inflammatory response and signs of increased oxidative stress in the respiratory tract, especially in the lower airways.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Neitzel, Richard L, et al.
(författare)
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Dust Exposures in Swedish Soft Tissue Paper Mills.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of work exposures and health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2398-7316 .- 2398-7308. ; 66:1, s. 14-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paper dust has previously been linked to adverse health effects. However, a comprehensive dataset of paper dust exposures does not appear to have been published previously. Our study was intended to address this need by describing a large dataset of measurements made in Swedish soft tissue paper mills.We compiled personal and area total dust exposure measurements collected from a range of operations by our research staff at four soft tissue paper mills in Sweden. We also compiled measurements made by the occupational health staff at each mill and the Swedish Work Environment Authority. We analyzed these measurements to describe patterns and trends in exposures and used mixed-effects regression models to identify measurement characteristics that predicted exposure levels.We compiled 1578 measurements from 1971 to 2009, of which 1026 (65%) were personal samples. Statistically significant differences were found between measurements made by research, mill, and Swedish Work Environment Authority staff, as well as between personal and area measurements. The measurement data suggest that, beginning in the 1980s, exposures declined at three of the four mills, but that overexposures were still common at the end of the period. Papermaking and converting operations had the highest observed dust exposures. One mill had significantly lower exposures than the others. Type of measurement (personal versus area) and source of measurement (research staff, company, or regulatory agency) were not significant predictors of measured total dust exposure after controlling for mill, operation, and time.Our analysis of measured paper dust exposures may be useful for historical and contemporary exposure assessment in our own and other epidemiological studies. We have identified specific characteristics (i.e. papermaking operations and mill) and time trends that are important data features to consider, and documented continuing overexposure situations. Our results highlight the ongoing need for application of exposure controls to reduce paper dust exposures in the soft tissue paper industry.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson Sommar, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution and black carbon in relation to natural and cause-specific mortality: a multicohort study in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To estimate concentration-response relationships for particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) in relation to mortality in cohorts from three Swedish cities with comparatively low pollutant levels. Setting Cohorts from Gothenburg, Stockholm and Umea, Sweden. Design High-resolution dispersion models were used to estimate annual mean concentrations of PM with aerodynamic diameter <= 10 mu m (PM10) and <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), and BC, at individual addresses during each year of follow-up, 1990-2011. Moving averages were calculated for the time windows 1-5 years (lag1-5) and 6-10 years (lag6-10) preceding the outcome. Cause-specific mortality data were obtained from the national cause of death registry. Cohort-specific HRs were estimated using Cox regression models and then meta-analysed including a random effect of cohort. Participants During the study period, 7 340 cases of natural mortality, 2 755 cases of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and 817 cases of respiratory and lung cancer mortality were observed among in total 68 679 individuals and 689 813 person-years of follow-up. Results Both PM10 (range: 6.3-41.9 mu g/m(3)) and BC (range: 0.2-6.8 mu g/m(3)) were associated with natural mortality showing 17% (95% CI 6% to 31%) and 9% (95% CI 0% to 18%) increased risks per 10 mu g/m(3) and 1 mu g/m(3) of lag1-5 exposure, respectively. For PM2.5 (range: 4.0-22.4 mu g/m(3)), the estimated increase was 13% per 5 mu g/m(3), but less precise (95% CI -9% to 40%). Estimates for CVD mortality appeared higher for both PM10 and PM2.5. No association was observed with respiratory mortality. Conclusion The results support an effect of long-term air pollution on natural mortality and mortality in CVD with high relative risks also at low exposure levels. These findings are relevant for future decisions concerning air quality policies.
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| 5. |
- Olin, Anna-Carin, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of asthma and exhaled nitric oxide are increased in bleachery workers exposed to ozone.
- 2004
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - 0903-1936. ; 23:1, s. 87-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present study were to determine whether exposure to high peaks of ozone resulted in an increased prevalence of asthma or respiratory symptoms among bleachery workers and whether nitric oxide (NO) was elevated in the exhaled air of these workers. Bleachery workers (n=228) from three Swedish pulp mills who had been exposed to ozone, together with 63 unexposed control subjects, were investigated by means of spirometry, Phadiatop, exhaled and nasal NO and answers to a questionnaire concerning respiratory symptoms and exposure. Exposure to an ozone peak that gave rise to respiratory symptoms was defined as a "gassing". Bleachery workers reporting four or more gassings involving ozone had an increased prevalence of adult-onset asthma, wheeze, and current asthma symptoms. They also had a higher median concentration of exhaled NO in comparison with those who reported no such gassings (19.2 versus 15.7 parts per billion). No such associations were found in respect of nasal NO. The results from this study show that bleachery workers who have been repeatedly exposed to ozone gassings have an increased prevalence of adult-onset asthma. The results also indicate exhaled nitric oxide may be a marker of airway inflammation in bleachery workers who have been exposed to high peaks of ozone.
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| 6. |
- Stockfelt, Leo, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution, Black Carbon, and Their Source Components in Relation to Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - Durham : National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 127:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but few studies have considered incident disease in relation to PM from different sources.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study associations between long-term exposure to different types of PM and sources, and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in three Swedish cities.METHODS: ), and black carbon (BC) from road wear, traffic exhaust, residential heating, and other sources in Gothenburg, Stockholm, and Umeå. Registry data for participants from four cohorts were used to obtain incidence of IHD and stroke for first hospitalization or death. We constructed time windows of exposure for same-year, 1- to 5-y, and 6- to 10-y averages preceding incidence from annual averages at residential addresses. Risk estimates were based on random effects meta-analyses of cohort-specific Cox proportional hazard models.RESULTS: exposure from residential heating.DISCUSSION: Few consistent associations were observed between different particulate components and IHD or stroke. However, long-term residential exposure to locally emitted BC from traffic exhaust was associated with stroke incidence. The comparatively low exposure levels may have contributed to the paucity of associations.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Almerud, Pernilla, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Low personal exposure to benzene and 1,3-butadiene in the Swedish petroleum refinery industry
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 90:7, s. 713-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Petroleum refinery workers are exposed to the carcinogens benzene and 1,3-butadiene. Declining exposures have been reported internationally but information on current exposure in the Swedish refinery industry is limited. The aim was to examine refinery workers' personal exposure to benzene and 1,3-butadiene and increase awareness of exposure conditions by collaboration with involved refineries. Altogether 505 repeated personal exposure measurements were performed among workers at two refineries. Full-shift measurements were conducted in different exposure groups using Perkin Elmer diffusive samplers filled with Carbopack X. Mean levels were calculated using mixed-effects models. A large fraction of measurements below the limit of detection (LOD) required imputation of computer-generated data. Mean benzene exposure among process technicians was 15.3 A mu g/m(3) (95% CI 10.4-22.5 A mu g/m(3)) and 13.7 A mu g/m(3) (95% CI 8.3-22.7 A mu g/m(3)) for Refinery 1 and 2, respectively. Process technicians working outdoors had higher exposure than maintenance workers (20.7 versus 5.9 A mu g/m(3), p < 0.01). Working in the harbour and tank park (Refinery 1), compared with the process area, was associated with higher exposure. The 1,3-butadiene exposure was low, 5.4 and 1.8 A mu g/m(3), respectively. The total variation was generally attributed to within-worker variability. Low benzene and 1,3-butadiene levels were found among refinery workers. Mean benzene exposure was about 1% of the Swedish occupational limit (1500 A mu g/m(3)) and for 1,3-butadiene, exposure was even lower. A large fraction of values below the LOD can be managed by carefully modelled, computer-generated data.
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| 11. |
- Almqvist-Tangen, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
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Succé genom samverkan : erfaranheter och resultat från projektet Språk-kedjan
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under åren augusti 2007 till augusti 2010 har projektet Språk-kedjan – en obruten kedja för alla barns tal- och språkutveckling pågått i Halland. Tanken bakom begreppet Språk-kedjan var att det ska finnas både en obruten språk- och vårdkedja i Halland. Vi ville finna metoder och samarbetsformer bland aktörer som på olika sätt har ansvar för förskolebarn i Halland. Vi ville ge dessa barn bra förutsättningar för att de ska behålla lusten till att utforska språket för att längre fram kunna utveckla god läs- och skrivkunnighet. När vi nu är inne på slutfasen av projektet kan vi konstaterat att det blivit mycket lyckosamt. Vi, som projektledare, ser det erfarenhets- och kompetensutbytet som skett mellan de olika professionerna i referensgruppen och alla de metoder och material som det resulterat i, som en av de största framgångarna med projektet. Detta paper kommer att bestå av tre delar: 1. Beskrivning av projektet, erfarenheter och resultat 2. Kort sammanfattning av utvärderingen 3. Kort sammanfattning på engelska
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Agneta, 2013-, et al.
(författare)
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Kroppen, maten och generna
- 2013. - 6
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Ingår i: Näringslära för högskolan. - Stockholm : Liber AB. - 9789147105205 ; , s. 17-36
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Andersson, C David, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of Ligands for ADP-Ribosyltransferases via Docking-Based Virtual Screening
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 55:17, s. 7706-7718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTDs) are an enzyme family that catalyses the transfer of ADP-ribose units onto substrate proteins, using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) as a co-substrate. They have a documented role in chromatin remodelling and DNA repair; and inhibitors of ARTD1 and 2 (PARP1 and 2) are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. The detailed function of most other ARTDs is still unknown. Using virtual screening we identified small ligands of ARTD7 (PARP15/BAL3) and ARTD8 (PARP14/BAL2). Thermal-shift assays confirmed that 16 compounds, belonging to eight structural classes, bound to ARTD7/ARTD8. Affinity measurements with isothermal titration calorimetry for two isomers of the most promising hit compound confirmed binding in the low micromolar range to ARTD8. Crystal structures showed anchoring of the hits in the nicotinamide pocket. These results form a starting point in the development of chemical tools for the study of the role and function of ARTD7 and ARTD8.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Lung function and paper dust exposure among workers in a soft tissue paper mill.
- 2020
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study respiratory effects of exposure to soft paper dust exposure, a relationship that is rarely studied.Soft tissue paper mill workers at a Swedish paper mill were investigated using a questionnaire and lung function and atopy screening. Spirometry without bronchodilation was performed with a dry wedge spirometer, and forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) were obtained and expressed as percent predicted. Exposure to soft paper dust was assessed from historical stationary and personal measurements of total dust, in addition to historical information about the work, department, and production. The impact of high exposure to soft paper dust (>5mg/m3) vs. lower exposure≤5mg/m3, as well as cumulative exposure, was analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Multivariate models were adjusted for smoking, atopy, gender, and body mass index.One hundred ninety-eight current workers (124 male and 74 female) were included. There were significant associations between both cumulative exposure and years of high exposure to soft paper dust and impaired lung function. Each year of high exposure to soft paper dust was associated with a 0.87% decrease in FEV1 [95% confidence interval (CI) -1.39 to -0.35] and decreased FVC (-0.54%, 95% CI -1.00 to -0.08) compared to the lower exposed workers.The present study shows that occupational exposure to soft paper dust (years exceeding 5mg/m3 total dust) is associated with lung function impairment and increased prevalence of obstructive lung function impairment.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Eva M., 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Is Cadmium a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer - Results from a Nested Case-Control Study Using Data from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1055-9965. ; 30:9, s. 1744-1752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Some studies have shown that cadmium (Cd) is associated with breast cancer risk. One hypothesis is that Cd has estrogen-like properties. This case-control study investigated the association between breast cancer risk and blood Cd (BCd) levels. Methods: All breast cancers in the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort were identified through linkage to the Swedish Cancer Registry, baseline (1991-1996) through 2014. Two controls per case were selected from the same cohort. BCd was analyzed at baseline. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Mean BCd was 0.51 mg/L among 1,274 cases and 0.46 among 2,572 controls. There was an overall increased risk of breast cancer [OR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.36] per mg/L of BCd. An increased risk was, however, only found at high BCd [OR, 1.34 (95% CI, 1.05-1.73)] for BCd more than 1.20 mg/L. The group with the highest BCd was mainly smokers. A spline indicated that at BCd less than 1.0 mg/L, the OR was not increased. The association with BCd was stronger in current smokers and at body mass index (BMI) above 25, while no modification due to receptor status was found. Conclusions: The results indicated increased risk of breast cancer only for high Cd exposure, which occurred mainly among smokers. This made it difficult to disentangle the effects of smoking and Cd, despite inclusion of smoking habits in the models. Impact: This study provides support for reducing Cd exposure through smoking cessation and dietary choice. On the population level, preventive measures against Cd pollution are warranted.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Eva M., et al.
(författare)
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Is cadmium a risk factor for breast cancer - Results from a nested case-control study using data from the malmö diet and cancer study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965. ; 30:9, s. 1744-1752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Some studies have shown that cadmium (Cd) is associated with breast cancer risk. One hypothesis is that Cd has estrogen-like properties. This case-control study investigated the association between breast cancer risk and blood Cd (BCd) levels. Methods: All breast cancers in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort were identified through linkage to the Swedish Cancer Registry, baseline (1991-1996) through 2014. Two controls per case were selected from the same cohort. BCd was analyzed at baseline. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Mean BCd was 0.51 mg/L among 1, 274 cases and 0.46 among 2, 572 controls. There was an overall increased risk of breast cancer [OR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.36] per mg/L of BCd. An increased risk was, however, only found at high BCd [OR, 1.34 (95% CI, 1.05-1.73)] for BCd more than 1.20 mg/L. The group with the highest BCd was mainly smokers. A spline indicated that at BCd less than 1.0 mg/L, the OR was not increased. The association with BCd was stronger in current smokers and at body mass index (BMI) above 25, while no modification due to receptor status was found. Conclusions: The results indicated increased risk of breast cancer only for high Cd exposure, which occurred mainly among smokers. This made it difficult to disentangle the effects of smoking and Cd, despite inclusion of smoking habits in the models. Impact: This study provides support for reducing Cd exposure through smoking cessation and dietary choice. On the population level, preventive measures against Cd pollution are warranted.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Eva M., 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Partial Mediation by Cadmium Exposure of the Association Between Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Carotid Artery
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 187:4, s. 806-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to cadmium confers increased cardiovascular risk. Tobacco smoke contains cadmium, which, hypothetically, may mediate parts of the tobacco-associated risk of developing atherosclerotic plaques. Baseline data from the Swedish Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort (1991-1996) were used to test this hypothesis. Mediation analysis was used to examine associations between smoking and blood cadmium levels and the prevalence of ultrasound-assessed carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The total association with smoking status (never smokers, 2 categories of former smokers, and current smokers) was split into direct and indirect association, and the proportion mediated was estimated. The adjusted estimated plaque prevalence was approximately 27% among never smokers. We identified both a direct and an indirect pathway between smoking and carotid plaques; the indirect association, through cadmium, was observed among current smokers and former smokers who had quit smoking less than 15 years before. For current smokers, the prevalence ratio for plaque was 1.5, with 60%-65% of the association with smoking being mediated through cadmium. Recent former smokers had a prevalence ratio of 1.3, and 40%-45% was mediated through cadmium. Long-time former smokers had a prevalence ratio of 1.2, but none of the association was mediated through cadmium. In conclusion, about two-thirds of the proatherosclerotic association with smoking was mediated by cadmium.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
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Classifying Mobile Services
- 2004. - 1
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A categorization of telecommunications services is presented, as a deliverable in a project commissioned by TeliaSonera.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
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Upper-extremity Spasticity-reducing Treatment in Adjunct to Movement Training and Orthoses in Children with Cerebral Palsy at Gross Motor Function- and Manual Ability Classification System Levels IV-V : A Descriptive Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Developmental Neurorehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1751-8423 .- 1751-8431. ; 23:6, s. 349-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Covering a 20-year period of work with children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) within a Swedish habilitation service, changes in passive wrist extension with fingers extended (PWE-FE) and current hand function are described and compared between children receiving systematic upper-extremity treatment with botulinum neurotoxin type A and intervention programs from before 7 years of age (Group 1, n = 7), those whom for various reasons did not undergo this treatment (Group 2, n = 10), and those not having the option to receive treatment until later during childhood/adolescence (Group 3, n = 8). Group 3 showed more critical and less normal PWE-FE values for both wrists, and poorer hand function scores, particularly compared with Group 1. Findings cautiously suggest that repeated upper-extremity spasticity-reducing treatment and movement training/orthoses from an early age may help prevent critical loss of passive range of motion of the wrist joint flexion/extension and promote hand function development in children with severe CP.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Jonas E, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Editor's comments
- 2013
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Ingår i: Architectural Competitions. - : Rio Kulturkooperativ.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
- Andrén, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Att lära sig språk
- 2013
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Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen : människans språk 1-2 - människans språk 1-2. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144083391 ; , s. 73-89
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 24. |
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Architectural Competitions as Institution and Process
- 2016
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present book revolves around four key concepts. These concepts are architectural competition, institution, process and adjustments of contemporary competition structures. They may seem randomly assembled in order to form a pertinent book title, but considered as individual entities, they may also characterise the contemporaneous status of architectural competitions in the second decade of the new millennium. For clarity’s sake, what then is an architectural competition? Besides being an intentional combination of words, which etymologically suggests that architecture is not only the art of building, but in conjunction with competition also implies a mutual struggle between architects and other stakeholders to land the ideal design and constructive solution for a particular design problem, competitions in architecture are a phenomenon that is closely related to the practice of architecture, i.e. in a noble and fair spirit think outside established values and norms in order to renew spatial thinking (Cuff, 1992). T
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| 25. |
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Architectural Competitions – Histories and Practice
- 2013. - 350
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Achitectural competitions are no longer simply professional praxis for architects and a recurrent exercise for students at schools of architecture. The competition has also turned into a field of research, and this book is part of an effort constituting the architectural competition as a field for studies with scholarly claims. The first doctoral dissertations on competitions were presented in the 1990s in Europe. Another clear manifestation of research interest is the growth and spread of scholarly conferences on architectural competitions.The contributions to the book show in a convincing way that the architectural competition is an interesting and rewarding object for research. The competition processes bear rich empirical findings to which one may refer for knowledge about architecture as professional practice, as educational subject and research platform. The architectural competition illustrates processes of change in society that are technical and organizational as well as social; it shows up constructive dilemmas, the borderline of rationality and the relative, creative insecurity of knowledge production in architectural projects.
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| 26. |
- Axelsson, Gösta, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Annoyance and worry in a petrochemical industrial area - prevalence, time trends and risk indicators
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 10:4, s. 1418-1438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: In 1992, 1998, and 2006, questionnaires were sent to stratified samples of residents aged 18–75 years living near petrochemical industries (n = 600–800 people on each occasion) and in a control area (n = 200–1,000). The aims were to estimate the long-term prevalence and change over time of annoyance caused by industrial odour, industrial noise, and worries about possible health effects, and to identify risk indicators. In 2006, 20% were annoyed by industrial odour, 27% by industrial noise (1–4% in the control area), and 40–50% were worried about health effects or industrial accidents (10–20% in the control area). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed significantly lower prevalence of odour annoyance in 1998 and 2006 than in 1992, while industrial noise annoyance increased significantly over time. The prevalence of worry remained constant. Risk of odour annoyance increased with female sex, worry of health effects, annoyance by motor vehicle exhausts and industrial noise. Industrial noise annoyance was associated with traffic noise annoyance and worry of health effects of traffic. Health-risk worry due to industrial air pollution was associated with female sex, having children, annoyance due to dust/soot in the air, and worry of traffic air pollution.
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| 27. |
- Barregård, Lars, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium Exposure and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study of Swedish Middle-Aged Adults
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental health perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 129:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The general population is ubiquitously exposed to the toxic metal cadmium through the diet and smoking. Cadmium exposure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in myocardial infarction and stroke. Atherosclerosis is the main underlying mechanism of myocardial infarction. However, associations between cadmium and coronary artery atherosclerosis have not been examined.Our study sought to examine the hypothesis that blood cadmium (B-Cd) is positively associated with coronary artery calcification, as a measure of coronary artery atherosclerosis in the population-based Swedish SCAPIS study.Our analysis included 5,627 individuals (51% women), age 50-64 y, enrolled from 2013 to 2018. The coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was obtained from computed tomography. Blood cadmium was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Associations between B-Cd and coronary artery calcium score (CACS Agatston score) were evaluated using prevalence ratios (PRs) in models adjusted for sex, age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low-density cholesterol/high-density cholesterol ratio, and family history.The median B-Cd concentration was 0.24 μ g / L . The prevalence of positive coronary artery calcium ( CACS > 0 ) was 41% and the prevalence of CACS ≥ 100 was 13%. Relative to the lowest quartile (Q) of B-Cd ( < 0.16 μ g / L ), the highest quartile (median 0.63 μ g / L ) was associated with a small but significant increase in CACS > 0 (PR 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.3), and a greater relative increase in CACS ≥ 100 (PR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.0). When restricted to 2,446 never-smokers, corresponding PRs were 1.1 (95% CI 0.9, 1.3) for CACS > 0 (63 cases in Q4) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.1, 2.7) for CACS ≥ 100 (17 cases in Q4).Blood cadmium in the highest quartile was associated with CACS in a general population sample with low to moderate cadmium exposure. This supports the hypothesis that atherosclerosis is an important mechanism underlying the associations between cadmium and incident cardiovascular disease. The findings suggest that public health measures to reduce cadmium exposure are warranted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8523.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Bergemalm-Rynell, kerstin, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory and field evaluation of a diffusive sampler for measuring halogenated anesthetic compounds
- 2008
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Ingår i: J Environ Monit. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1464-0325. ; 10, s. 1172-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anesthetic gases such as desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, and halothane are used on a daily basis in operating theaters. Active sampling has historically been used to control the level of exposure to personnel. SKC 575-002 is a diffusive passive sampler filled with Anasorb 747. We validated this sampler in both laboratory and field experiments. Parameters tested were desorption efficiency, concentration, sampling time, relative humidity, and reverse diffusion, as well as storage stability for up to 8 weeks. Uptake rates were achieved by comparison with active sampling for each passive sampling trial of 1, 4, or 8 h. Analysis and detection were performed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID). Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of time, concentration, dose, and relative humidity. In the field evaluation experiments, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were estimated. In the laboratory experiments, no problems were found with storage stability or reverse diffusion. The sampling rates for the five anesthetics vary, however, with exposure time and exposure level, with generally higher uptake rates at low concentrations and short sampling times. In the field experiments there was high agreement between the active and passive samplers for halothane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane (ICC > 0.83). When performing whole-day workplace measurements (TWA measurements) the SKC 575-002 can be recommended, and at levels around 1 ppm the following uptake rates should be used: enflurane and halothane, 12.3 mL min−1; desflurane, 13.6 mL min−1; isoflurane, 12.0 mL min−1; and sevoflurane, 11.9 mL min−1.
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| 30. |
- Borell, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Occupations and Signs of Reduced Hope : An Explorative Study of Older Adults with Functional Impairments
- 2001
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 55:3, s. 311-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The purpose of this explorative study was to uncover and interpret the experiences, values, and meaning of being in daily occupations of older adults with functional impairments. Method. Interviews were conducted with 21 older adults with disabilities who were between 70 and 92 years of age. The interviews occurred in their home environments; 18 of the 21 participants lived alone. The interviews were analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Findings. Occupational themes related to participation against the odds, retreat from occupation, the need for an invitation from others, and personal meanings related to capacities for occupation were uncovered. Conclusions. The findings suggest that the loss of positive belief in enjoyable occupations can be a sign of reduced hope in late life. For occupational therapists, whether an older adult has made a conscious choice to withdraw from occupational life or has too few occupational choices is important to distinguish.
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| 31. |
- Bullock, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Demo: playing fantasyA with SenToy
- 2003. - 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we describe a way of controlling the emotional states of a synthetic character in a game (FantasyA) through a tangible interface named SenToy. SenToy is a doll with sensors in the arms, legs and body, allowing the user to influence the emotions of her character in the game. The user performs gestures and movements with SenToy, which are picked up by the sensors and interpreted according to a scheme found through an initial Wizard of Oz study. Different gestures are used to express each of the following emotions: anger, fear, happiness, surprise, sadness and gloating. Depending upon the expressed emotion, the synthetic character in FantasyA will, in turn, perform different actions. The evaluation of SenToy acting as the interface to the computer game FantasyA has shown that users were able to express most of the desired emotions to influence the synthetic characters, and that overall, players, especially children, really liked the doll as an interface.
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| 32. |
- Bullock, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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SenToy: a tangible interface to control the emotions of a synthetic character
- 2003. - 2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assuming that learning is done best as a collaboration activity, better technical support for communication should be in place. Today's communication support for netlearning is in most cases asynchronous. Support for audio and video for synchronous communication will make it possible to collaborate more natural as in face-to-face meetings. Adding possibilities for an electronic shared workspace will amplify this collaboration to get it, in some cases, even better than face-to-face meetings. One problem with this is that people are not aware of the technological tools that exist today. Another problem is that people also might have tried synchronous communication in earlier days, where neither network, nor computers were powerful enough, which gave poor performance and a bad experience with echoing audio and blocky video with very few frames/s.This is not the case today. By making people aware of that and by making them try and use the different technologies they will get trust in use of the technology and be able to develop methodologies that utilise the technology in a pedagogic way (http://www.meetings.sunet.se/). By making people use net-based meetings as a natural way for communication new possibilities opens for netlearning.
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| 33. |
- Bullock, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Towards tangibility in gameplay: building a tangible affective interface for a computer game
- 2003. - 2
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Ingår i: ICMI '03 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multimodal interfaces. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 1581136218 ; , s. 60-67
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Game development is an emerging area of development for new types of interaction between computers and humans. New forms of communication are now being explored there, influenced not only by face to face communication but also by recent developments in multi-modal communication and tangible interfaces. This demo will feature a computer game, FantasyA, where users can play the game by interacting with a tangible interface, SenToy (see Figure 1). The main idea is to involve objects and artifacts from real life into ways to interact with systems, and in particular with games. So, SenToy is an interface for users to project some of their emotional gestures through moving the doll in certain ways. This device would establish a link between the users (holding the physical device) and a controlled avatar (embodied by that physical device) of the computer game, FantasyA.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Ekblad, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Towards small molecule inhibitors of mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0223-5234 .- 1768-3254. ; 95, s. 546-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification involved in DNA repair, protein degradation, transcription regulation, and epigenetic events. Intracellular ADP-ribosylation is catalyzed predominantly by ADP-ribosyltransferases with diphtheria toxin homology (ARTDs). The most prominent member of the ARTD family, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (ARTD1/PARP1) has been a target for cancer drug development for decades. Current PARP inhibitors are generally non-selective, and inhibit the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases with low potency. Here we describe the synthesis of acylated amino benzamides and screening against the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases ARTD7/PARP15, ARTD8/PARP14, ARTD10/PARP10, and the poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTD1/PARP1. The most potent compound inhibits ARTD10 with sub-micromolar IC50.
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| 37. |
- Ekelöf, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Depressive symptoms postpartum is associated with physical activity level the year prior to giving birth – A retrospective observational study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine physical activity level prior to pregnancy, during pregnancy and postpartum and investigate the association with depressive symptoms postpartum among women in Sweden. Study design: Retrospective observational study including 532 women on self-assessment of physical activity level before pregnancy, during pregnancy and postpartum, depressive symptoms postpartum as well as stressful life events in the past two years. Main outcome measures: Level and change of physical activity before pregnancy, during pregnancy and postpartum and depressive symptoms postpartum. Results: Almost two-thirds of the women in the study reported that they were inactive or performed light physical activity (62.9%; n = 331) in the year prior to giving birth. Women with a sedentary lifestyle or performing light physical activity level reported depressive symptoms postpartum to a greater extent than active women. Conclusions: A higher level of physical activity during pregnancy was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms postpartum. Physical activity is a contributing factor to promote a healthier lifestyle and can contribute to improve mental health for pregnant women, newly become mothers and their children. © 2021 The Authors
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| 38. |
- Godfrey, Marjorie M., et al.
(författare)
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Coaching interprofessional health care improvement teams: the coachee, the coach and the leader perspectives.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1365-2834 .- 0966-0429. ; 22:4, s. 452-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To investigate health care improvement team coaching activities from the perspectives of coachees, coaches and unit leaders in two national improvement collaboratives. Background Despite numerous methods to improve health care, inconsistencies in success have been attributed to factors that include unengaged staff, absence of supportive improvement resources and organisational inertia. Methods Mixed methods sequential exploratory study design, including quantitative and qualitative data from interprofessional improvement teams who received team coaching. The coachees (n = 382), coaches (n = 9) and leaders (n = 30) completed three different data collection tools identifying coaching actions perceived to support improvement activities. Results Coachees, coaches and unit leaders in both collaboratives reported generally positive perceptions about team coaching. Four categories of coaching actions were perceived to support improvement work: context, relationships, helping and technical support. Conclusions All participants agreed that regardless of who the coach is, emphasis should include the four categories of team coaching actions. Implications for nursing management Leaders should reflect on their efforts to support improvement teams and consider the four categories of team coaching actions. A structured team coaching model that offers needed encouragement to keep the team energized, seems to support health care improvement.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Gustavsson, Sara, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Linear Maximum Likelihood Regression Analysis For Untransformed Log-Normally Distributed Data
- 2012
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Statistics. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2161-718X .- 2161-7198. ; 2:4, s. 389-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medical research data are often skewed and heteroscedastic. It has therefore become practice to log-transform data in regression analysis, in order to stabilize the variance. Regression analysis on log-transformed data estimates the relative effect, whereas it is often the absolute effect of a predictor that is of interest. We propose a maximum likelihood (ML)-based approach to estimate a linear regression model on log-normal, heteroscedastic data. The new method was evaluated with a large simulation study. Log-normal observations were generated according to the simulation models and parameters were estimated using the new ML method, ordinary least-squares regression (LS) and weighed least-squares regression (WLS). All three methods produced unbiased estimates of parameters and expected response, and ML and WLS yielded smaller standard errors than LS. The approximate normality of the Wald statistic, used for tests of the ML estimates, in most situations produced correct type I error risk. Only ML and WLS produced correct confidence intervals for the estimated expected value. ML had the highest power for tests regarding
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| 43. |
- Gustavsson, Sara, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Regression Models for Log-Normal Data: Comparing Different Methods for Quantifying the Association between Abdominal Adiposity and Biomarkers of Inflammation
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 11:4, s. 3521-3539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compared six methods for regression on log-normal heteroscedastic data with respect to the estimated associations with explanatory factors (bias and standard error) and the estimated expected outcome (bias and confidence interval). Method comparisons were based on results from a simulation study, and also the estimation of the association between abdominal adiposity and two biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (inflammation marker,) and Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (marker of insulin resistance). Five of the methods provide unbiased estimates of the associations and the expected outcome; two of them provide confidence intervals with correct coverage.
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| 44. |
- Hagenbjörk-Gustafsson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of personal exposure to some carcinogenic substances and nitrogen dioxide among the general population in five Swedish cities
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0631 .- 1559-064X. ; 24:4, s. 437-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental levels of airborne carcinogenic and related substances are comparatively better known than individual exposure and its determinants. We report on a personal monitoring program involving five Swedish urban populations. The aim of the program was to investigate personal exposure to benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The measurements were performed among 40 inhabitants during seven consecutive days, in one urban area each year, during 2000-2008. The estimated population exposure levels were 1.95 mu g/m(3) for benzene, 0.56 mu g/m(3) for 1,3-butadiene, 19.4 mu g/m(3) for formaldehyde, and 14.1,mu g/m(3) for NO2. Statistical analysis using a mixed-effects model revealed that time spent in traffic and time outdoors contributed to benzene and 1,3- butadiene exposure. For benzene, refueling a car was an additional determinant influencing the exposure level. Smoking or environmental tobacco smoke were significant determinants of exposure to NO2, benzene, and 1, 3-butadiene. Those with a gas stove had higher NO2 exposure. Living in a single-family house increased the exposure to formaldehyde significantly. In a variance component model, the between-subject variance dominated for 1,3-butadiene and formaldehyde, whereas the between-city variance dominated for NO2. For benzene, the between-subject and between-cities variances were similar.
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| 45. |
- Hansson, Therése, et al.
(författare)
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Women´s experiences of preeclampsia as a condition of uncertainty : a qualitative study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a severe condition that annually affects about 3-8% of pregnancies worldwide. Preeclampsia is thereby one of the most common pregnancy complications for both mother and child. Despite that, there is limited research exploring the women´s perspective of experiencing preeclampsia.AIM: The aim of this study was to describe women´s experiences of preeclampsia to improve the support and care given during and after pregnancy.METHODS: A qualitative descriptive interview study was undertaken. Nine women, diagnosed with preeclampsia, were recruited from a maternity unit in southern Sweden. The descriptive phenomenological method according to Amadeo Giorgi was used to analyse the data.RESULTS: The women´s experiences of PE were expressed as A condition of uncertainty, meaning that it was an unexpected and unknown situation. This main result consisted of 1) incomprehensible diagnosis message, 2) ambivalent feeling when the unexpected happens, 3) confusing contradictory messages, 4) appreciated support from the midwife, 5) need for continuous information. The nature of preeclampsia can sometimes deteriorate rapidly both for the mother and/or the child, often resulting in conversion from a planned vaginal spontaneous delivery to an emergency Caesarean section. The women narrated diffuse symptoms, and they experienced that they got contradictory information from different health care professionals regarding the severity of their disease. Detailed and continuous information is requested throughout the course of the disease, and the postpartum period.CONCLUSION: This qualitative study reveal a need for improved clinical management. Health care professionals must be aware that women and their partners need detailed, consistent and repeated information about severity and prognosis to diminish the condition of uncertainty, confusion and fearful experience. The clinical implication would be a standardized preeclampsia education for pregnant women early on in the pregnancy, to raise awareness of preeclamptic symptoms. Furthermore, there is a need for harmonized guidelines and individualized support to the woman and her partner both at the antenatal care and the maternity ward and inpatient care at the hospital.
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| 46. |
- Haug, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Stepped care versus face-to–face cognitive behavior therapy for panic disorder and social anxiety disorder : Predictors and moderators of outcome
- 2015
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 71, s. 76-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate predictors and moderators of treatment outcome by comparing immediate face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy (FtF-CBT) to a Stepped Care treatment model comprising three steps: Psychoeducation, Internet-delivered CBT, and FtF-CBT for panic disorder (PD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD).Method: Patients (N = 173) were recruited from nine public mental health out-patient clinics and randomized to immediate FtF-CBT or Stepped Care treatment. Characteristics related to social functioning, impairment from the anxiety disorder, and comorbidity was investigated as predictors and moderators by treatment format and diagnosis in multiple regression analyses.Results: Lower social functioning, higher impairment from the anxiety disorder, and a comorbidcluster C personality disorder were associated with significantly less improvement, particularly among patients with PD. Furthermore, having a comorbid anxiety disorder was associated with a better treatment outcome among patients with PD but not patients with SAD. Patients with a comorbid depression had similar outcomes from the different treatments, but patients without comorbid depression had better outcomes from immediate FtF-CBT compared to guided self-help.Conclusions: In general, the same patient characteristics appear to be associated with the treatment outcome for CBT provided in low- and high-intensity formats when treated in public mental health care clinics. The findings suggest that patients with lower social functioning and higher impairment from their anxiety disorder benefit less from these treatments and may require more adapted and extensive treatment.ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier: NCT00619138.
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| 47. |
- Höök, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Sense and sensibility: evaluation and interactive art
- 2003. - 1
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Press. ; , s. 241-248
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- HCI evaluation methods are useful for improving the design of interactive systems, yet they may be rejected by nontraditional technology disciplines such as media art. We have developed a two-tiered evaluation model that responds to the concerns of interactive artists and have used it to improve the design of an interactive artwork, the Influencing Machine, exploring issues in affective computing. The method was interpretive, focusing on giving the artists a grounded feeling for how the machine was interpreted and their message was communicated. We describe the resulting design of the Influencing Machine and the reactions of users. The study itself is part of the art piece - together these activities achieve the goal of the artists: to provoke our cultural notions of whether a machine can "have emotions".
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| 48. |
- Johannesson, Sandra, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Urban air pollution and effects on biomarkers of systemic inflammation and coagulation: a panel study in healthy adults
- 2014
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Ingår i: Inhalation Toxicology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0895-8378 .- 1091-7691. ; 26:2, s. 84-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Urban particulate air pollution is associated with cardiovascular diseases and mortality, possibly mediated through systemic inflammation and increased blood viscosity. Objectives: To examine short-term effects of exposure to urban air pollution on blood biomarkers for systemic inflammation and coagulation in a panel of healthy adults living in Gothenburg, Sweden. Materials and methods: The 16 volunteers, all non-smokers, median age 35 years, were called for blood sampling the morning after a day with high levels of urban particulate matter (PM10>30 mu g/m(3)) or a day with low levels (PM10<15 mu g/m(3) and NO2 <35 mu g/m(3)). Associations between exposure to air pollution and each biomarker (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, coagulation factor VIII, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, p-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1, Clara cell protein 16 and surfactant protein D) were examined using a linear mixed-effects model. Results: In total, 12 sampling sessions were performed, six after high-pollution and six after low-pollution days, over 21 months. The ratio of air pollution levels between high-and low-pollution days was five for PM10 (median: 49 and 10 mg/m(3)) and two for NO2 (median: 47 and 24 mg/m(3)). No significant increase in blood levels of any of the biomarkers were seen after days with high air pollution levels compared with low levels. Conclusion: Biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation were not found to be significantly increased in the mornings after days with elevated levels of urban air pollution compared with low levels when performing repeated blood samplings in healthy volunteers.
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| 49. |
- Johansson, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Språk och hjärna
- 2013
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Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen : människans språk 1-2. - 9789144083391 ; , s. 225-241
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 50. |
- Johansson, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Språk och hjärna
- 2013
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Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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