| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Gunaratne, Tharaka, et al.
(författare)
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Framework of principal guidelines for improved valorization of heterogenic industrial production residues
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residue products often pose a huge challenge to material recycling industry. Especially heterogenic and fine granular residues. It increases the cost and reduces the efficiency of material separation and recovery. Currently, the most common practice is to landfill such residue products. However, decreasing availability of landfills, increasing landfill costs, and new policy instruments require higher rates of resource recovery. In spite of that, business initiatives for recovering secondary raw material from residue products are often deterred by stringent environmental legislation emphasizing human toxicity concerns. Shredding industry plays a huge role in the context of circular economy via recycling important waste streams such as end-oflife vehicles (ELVs), municipal white goods, construction and demolition waste, and different industrial wastes. The core business model of industrial shredding is driven by recovering different metals while a variety of residue products including plastics, rubber, foam, wood, glass, and sand are generated. Shredder fine residue (also called shredder fines) is a fine granular residue product with intrinsic heterogeneity, which is produced by the shredding industry. A share of 15-20% of the input would end up as shredder fines in a typical plant.The overall aim of this study is to draw technical, market and regulatory boundary conditions for improved material recovery from shredder fines. Thereby to build a framework of principal guidelines to support systematic identification, development, and evaluation of different valorization options for shredder fines. The outcome of this study is also envisioned to provide generic conclusions to the valorization of heterogenic residue products in general.The study is performed in collaboration with a major shredding company in Sweden. The methodology reflects the Swedish context and consists of two phases. During the initial phase, firstly, the overall shredding industry structure of Sweden is studied to understand the governing regulatory framework, level of competition, and the scale of operation. Secondly, the collaborating company is studied to gain knowledge on technical feasibility of implementing recovery processes, economic, business and market aspects, and implications of national and local legislation, from the shredding company perspective. Empirical methods such as interviews and study of documentation are used in this phase.During the second phase, detailed material and elemental characterization tests are performed on shredder fine samples. Thereby the distribution of basic elements, metals, heating value, and ash, in shredder fines as well as across different size fractions of shredder fines is established. The results are compared and contrasted against literature values. An extensive survey is also carried out to identify potential users for different materials which are possibly recoverable from shredder fines. Such potential users are then mapped against materials. Leaching tests are also performed to assess the mobility of heavy metals and thereby the potential environmental risk and human toxicity.As the main contribution of this study, knowledge is developed and synthesized, boundary conditions are set, and principal guidelines of general relevance are drawn in order to facilitate improved valorization of fine granular residue products.
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| 3. |
- Gunaratne, Tharaka, et al.
(författare)
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Guiding future research on the valorisation of shredder fine residues : A review of four decades of research
- 2020
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Ingår i: Detritus. - Padova, Italy : CISA Publisher. - 2611-4135. ; 09, s. 150-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Millions of tonnes of shredder fines are generated and disposed of globally, despite compelling reasons for its recovery. The absence of a review of previous literature, however, makes it difficult to understand the underlying reasons for this. Thus, this study attempts to investigate and assess what, to what extent, and in what ways shredder fines have been addressed in previous research. In doing so, guidelines are drawn for future research to facilitate the valorisation (upgrading and recovery) of shredder fines. Previous research concerning shredder fines was identified with respect to three main research topics. The material characterisation studies are predominantly confined to the occurrence of metals due to their recovery and contamination potential. The process development studies have often undertaken narrowly conceived objectives of addressing one resource opportunity or contamination problem at a time. Consequently, the full recovery (the retrieval of valuable resources and the bulk-utilisation as substitute material) potential of shredder fines has been largely overlooked. The main limitation of policy and regulation studies is the absence of in-depth knowledge on the implications of governmental waste- and resource-policies (macro-level) on actors’ incentives and capacities (micro-level) for fines valorisation, which is necessary to understand the marketability of fines-derived resources. Undertaking a systems perspective is the key to recognising not only the different aspects within the individual research topics but also the inter-relations between them. It also facilitates the internalisation of the inter-relations into topical research.
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| 4. |
- Gunaratne, Tharaka, et al.
(författare)
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Initial feasibility assessment of potential applications for valorisation of shredder fines : A Swedish case study on gate requirements and legislative conditions
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shredder fines is a residue of the shredding industry and is currently landfilled or used as landfill cover in Sweden. Throughout the time, the heterogeneity and small particle size have rendered resource recovery and recycling of it challenging. In spite of that, European policies envisioning circular economy, in concomitance with stringent resource recovery requirements and increased landfill taxes are challenging the current disposal practices of the shredding industry. As an attempt to address this issue, the present study has developed a systematic approach for performing an initial assessment of the feasibility of several selected mainstream applications for valorisation of shredder fines.First, sampling of shredder fines from a major shredding plant was obtained twice a week over a 10 weeks period. The main focus of the sampling program was to encompass the variation in the material’s physical and chemical composition. The two samples from each week were then mixed and divided into six subsamples. That is, one original fraction and five size fractions; ZA (7.10-5.00 mm), ZB (5.00-3.35 mm), ZC (3.35-2.00 mm), ZD (2.00-0.25 mm), and ZE (0.25-0.063 mm). These sub-samples were subsequently sent for laboratory analysis for characterisation of contaminants, potentially valuable metals and energy recovery related properties. Second, three potential main stream applications for shredder fines were identified based on existing research on similar industrial residues (e.g. municipal waste incineration bottom ash) and current practices of the Swedish shredding industry. The selected applications are; Smelting for copper, Energy recovery in cement kilns and municipal solid waste incinerators, and Substitution of aggregates in concrete making and road construction. Third, the gate requirements of potential users and legislative requirements with regards to the identified applications were established, and the characteristics of shredder fines were benchmarked against them.As far as copper smelting is concerned, the presence of high concentrations of lead and chromium is the biggest challenge. Otherwise, the fractions; ZA, ZB, and ZD show some potential due to manageable concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury. Concerning energy recovery, the calorific value apparently narrows down the options to municipal waste incinerators. There, the chlorine concentration only allows utilisation of the ZC fraction whereas heavy metal concentrations are too high with regards to all the fractions. With regards to the use as substitute material in construction, legislative requirements in Sweden for total content and leachate content of metals are too strict for shredder fines.In conclusion, the benchmarking reveals the need for prior upgrading of shredder fines with respect to the different applications. Thus, integrated upgrading processes that could handle the complexity of the material in terms of contaminants and valuable recoverables is needed in order to achieve holistic valorisation of the material.
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| 5. |
- Gunaratne, Tharaka, et al.
(författare)
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Potential valorisation of shredder fines : Towards integrated processes formaterial upgrading and resource recovery
- 2020
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of process development based on a comprehensive understanding of the material characteristics and the marketability of recoverables is the primary reason why the valorisation of shredder fines has not been realised in practice. In response, a systematic approach was undertaken consisting of 1) strategic sampling and material characterisation, 2) establishing gate and regulatory requirements of potential valorisation applications, and 3) initial feasibility assessment of the selected applications, to guide future research.The material was sampled over ten weeks in order to obtain both average values and variations of the physical and chemical composition. Thus weekly, primary fractions and sieved fractions ZA (7.10–5.00 mm), ZB (5.00–3.35 mm), ZC (3.35–2.00 mm), ZD (2.00–0.25 mm), and ZE (0.25–0.063 mm) were prepared, and analysed, and benchmarked against the requirements pertaining to five potential applications. The mercury and aluminium concentrations are the biggest challenge in copper smelting and only ZA and ZB show significant potential. Energy recovery is limited to ZA, ZB, and ZC, provided the chlorine and metals concentrations are decreased. Regarding the recovery as bulk-material in construction, the reduction of the metal content would likely be a pre-requisite.The utilisation of fines in the individual applications would either leave a significant amount of fines un-valorised or overlook the recovery of valuable resources. The upgrading of the material to suit the different applications would also require addressing multiple material constraints simultaneously. Therefore, realising the full resource potential of shredder fines would require the integration of different upgrading and recovery processes.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, E., et al.
(författare)
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Increase in transmitted drug resistance in migrants from sub-Saharan Africa diagnosed with HIV-1 in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: AIDS. - 0269-9370. ; 32:7, s. 877-884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study the trends of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in HIV-1 patients newly diagnosed in Sweden, 2010-2016. Design: Register-based study including all antiretroviral therapy-naive patients ≥18 years diagnosed with HIV-1 in Sweden 2010-2016. Methods: Patient data and viral pol sequences were extracted from the national InfCareHIV database. TDR was defined as the presence of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs). A CD4+ T-cell decline trajectory model estimated time of infection. Phylogenetic inference was used for cluster analysis. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were used to investigate relations between TDR, epidemiological and viral factors. Results: One thousand, seven hundred and thirteen pol sequences were analyzed, corresponding to 71% of patients with a new HIV-1 diagnosis (heterosexuals: 53%; MSM: 34%). The overall prevalence of TDR was 7.1% (95% CI 5.8-8.3%). Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) TDR increased significantly from 1.5% in 2010 to 6.2% in 2016, and was associated to infection and/or origin in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). An MSM transmission cluster dating back to the 1990s with the M41L SDRM was identified. Twenty-five (1.5%) patients exhibited TDR to tenofovir (TDF; n = 8), emtricitabine/lamivudine (n = 9) or both (n = 8). Conclusion: NNRTI TDR has increased from 2010 to 2016 in HIV-1-infected migrants from SSA diagnosed in Sweden, mirroring the situation in SSA. TDR to tenofovir/emtricitabine, used in preexposure prophylaxis, confirms the clinical and epidemiological need for resistance testing in newly diagnosed patients.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Design as change - from teleology to guided evolution?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th DMI: AcademicDesign Management Conference. - Boston, USA : Design Management Institute. - 9780615991528 ; , s. 1948-1971
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design is connected to change. Whether we start from Herbert Simons often cited ’the transformation of existing conditions into preferred ones’ (1996, p.111), or design as linked to innovation, design is a future oriented, change inducing activity. But how is design thinking (in a wide sense) different from traditional managerial thinking in terms of change? This paper explores and identifies change perspectives in design literature, very selectively represented by ‘classic views’, design thinking, and C-K theory. By using Van de Ven and Poole’s (1995) four ‘basic types of process theories that explain how and why change unfolds’; Life Cycle, Dialectics, Teleology, and Evolution, and Pettigrew’s (1987) distinction between process and content of change, we find that design processes are commonly described as similar to an evolutionary process with gradual development (divergence), combined with some characteristics of teleology (convergence), that together constitute the motor(s) of the process. By using Heskett’s (2002) distinction between ‘utility’ and ‘significance’ it is possible to further dissect design processes. Processes aiming for ‘utility’ eventually must converge into a solution, but is it necessarily the same for processes by which ‘significance’ is designed, created and maintained? Further, the uncontrollability and emergence aspects of evolutionary processes are interesting challenges from a managerial viewpoint. A generative way to frame design processes may be to see them as guided evolutionary processes (Lovas and Ghoshal, 2000). ‘Guided’ maintains manageability, while ‘evolutionary’ provides essential variety.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Design as Change - From Teleology to Guided Evolution?
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Design is connected to change. Whether we start from Herbert Simon’s often cited “the transformation of existing conditions into preferred ones” (1996 p.111) or design as linked to innovation (Brown 2008, Verganti 2006) or even Heskett’s (2002) ‘betterment of the human condition’, design is a future oriented (Buchanan 2001), change inducing activity. But how is design thinking (in a wide sense) different from traditional managerial thinking in terms of the concept of change? What of the process(es) by which the existing conditions are transformed into the preferred ones, i.e. how may the change process be conceptualized in design? How does the general concern of change in the design community relate to the advances in strategic and organizational change theories? Our aim is to begin an exploration of how design may be conceptualized in relation to change.We do this by using two out of Pettigrew’s (1987) three related aspects of change: ‘process’, how something changes, and ‘content’, i.e. what is changed, to frame design as change (the third is ‘context’, the why of change). We make an attempt to explore and identify change perspectives, explicit or implicit, in design by using Van de Ven and Poole’s (1995) synthetic model of four “basic types of process theories” (p. 511): teleology, evolution, life cycle, and dialectic, all driven by different generative mechanisms or ‘motors of change’. Van de Ven & Poole’s ideal process types do though not handle the content aspect. To capture design content, we therefore use Heskett’s (2002) division of the designed artifacts’ function into two concepts, ‘utility’ and ‘significance’.Design processes are normally described as either of a teleological kind, i.e. driven by a goal set at the beginning of the process, or as similar to an evolutionary process. Some elements of the evolutionary model are frequent in descriptions of design processes, e.g. iterativity, prototyping and gradual development. However, the uncontrollability and slowness of evolution are less salient. A better way to frame design processes as evolutionary may therefore be to see them as guided (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000), i.e. driven not only by random mutation and competition but also by intent.By using Heskett’s distinction between utility and significance it is possible to further dissect the design process/design processes. Processes aiming for ‘utility’ eventually must converge into a solution, but is it necessarily the same when it regards the process by which ‘significance’ is designed, created and maintained? By analytically separating (c.f. Archer 1995) the by definition integrative design process, we argue that discussing design as process and content expands previous views of design as change.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Individual Inventors in the R&D Factory
- 2007
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - 0963-1690 .- 1467-8691. ; 16:4, s. 437-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Leveraging inventors' creativity
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While creativity is often understood as the generation of valuable novelty, we extend that view into a framework based on well-known and established models from the creativity literature. In addition to generation of novelty which forms our frameworks first dimension, we add selection of novelty, and type of creative contribution. Based on interviews with inventors and managers in three large, patent-intensive firms, representing completely different industries, we show how the framework can be employed in order to better understand in what ways different practices exploit and/or support the inventors’ creative abilities. By relating the practices not to creativity in general but to components of creativity (c.f Amabile 1997) the paper enriches the discussion of how inventors’ can be leveraged in technology-based firms.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1962-
(författare)
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Organisering för individualitet : transparenta och opaka aspekter i utvecklingsprocesser
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The doctoral dissertation 'Organising for individuality - transparent and opaque aspects of development processes' deals with the relationship between a company's ability to develop new products and its ability to change the way it organises its product development activities. The dissertation is based on a real time study of two product development and two organizational change processes at Orrefors Kosta Boda AB.The company has a tradition of innovative product development based on a high degree of individuality. In this study, individuality refers to situations where differences between individuals' (i.e. designers') distinctive features are important for a company's success and not to individuals talents or capabilities per se.In studying and analysing the product deveopment processes an (opaque) underlying thought structure appears in terms of a tension between 'a separating and a unifying logic of effectiveness'. The two logics of effectiveness constituted underlying assumptions and answers to the question of how to be an innovative and commercially successful company in the high quality glass industry.The product development was conducted in an "inescapable" tension of separating and unifying, indicating that the separating and unifying logics of effectiveness should - in the context of product development - be viewed as a 'neccessary relation of incompatibility' rather than mutually exclusive.In spite of two attempts to change the organising of the product development in the company, the measures taken did not alter any fundamental conditions of the product development within the company, and therefore not the problems the change initiatives were designed to address.In the literature on product development and innovation scholars require research with an approach that links structural conditions to action and interaction. Using Archer's (1995) morphogenetic perspective to relate product development to organizational change, this dissertation is an attempt to do this.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Strategi och styrning
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Styrning. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144081687 ; , s. 39-68
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Patent Engineer - Inventor Interaction for Research and Development Creativity
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patents as a strategic tool has been much in focus lately, both in research and in the corporate world. Considering this, there has been surprisingly little interest paid to the process in which patents are generated within firms. Based on interviews with patent engineers and inventors who have been involved in interaction with each other in patenting processes, plus their patent managers, this study describe and discuss the patent drafting process as one (partly) driven by interaction. The patent drafting process is described as a process of asymmetrical collaboration delivering two distinct, but related outcomes – a refined invention and a patent application that most likely is better than it would have been otherwise. These outcomes are not cases of collective creativity as patent engineers do not invent and inventors do not (normally) define patent claims. This does not diminish the importance of the collaboration. Three roles - “opportunity recognizer”,“konstruktiver opponent”, and “enabling bureaucrat” – are identified and used to frame the patent engineers’ work and contributions to creativity.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av användningen av arbetstidsmodellen 3-3 på akutmottagningen och LAH
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten innehåller resultat från en utvärdering som har gjorts av användningen avarbetstidsmodellen 3-3 vid akutmottagningen och LAH inom Närsjukvården i centrala Östergötland.Utvärderingen har gjorts på uppdrag av Landstinget i Östergötland.Utvärderingen har inte skett inom ramen för något särskilt forskningsmässigt sammanhangoch präglas därför inte av några medvetet valda teoretiska perspektiv. Rapporten torde dockkunna användas som underlag för forskningsmässiga ambitioner. För sådana ändamål avslutasrapporten med några forskningsmässiga reflektioner.Utvärderingen visar att positiva effekter har uppnåtts med hjälp av 3-3-systemet. Det sätt attförlägga arbetstid som systemet innebär har inneburit goda möjligheter för personalen attåterhämta sig både fysiskt och mentalt. Med hjälp av återhämtningsmöjligheterna har personalenhälsa förbättrats liksom trivsel och motivation. Både långtids- och korttidssjukfrånvarohar minskat. Arbetsglädjen har tilltagit. Dessa effekter är högst påtagliga. De har i sin turmedfört ett ökat intresse för lärande vilket har kommit verksamhet och patienter till goda. Denmer utvilade personalen har också inneburit ett bättre omhändertagande och bemötande avpatienter.Användningen av arbetstidsmodellen 3-3 har medfört ökade lönekostnader, dock i en lägreomfattning än den arbetstidsförkortning som systemet innebär för enskilda arbetstagare. Gjordaberäkningar visar att lönekostnadsökningen kan kompenseras av minskade kostnader försjukfrånvaro och övertid.Vid utvärderingen har det framkommit att 3-3-system tycks passa för verksamheter som pågårdygnet runt veckans alla dagar och som ställer krav på fysisk och mental återhämtning. För attkunna uppnå positiva effekter med denna arbetstidsmodell måste personalen vilja förlägga sinarbetstid på det sätt som modellen innebär.Utvärderingen har också pekat på vikten att uppmärksamma och arbeta med frågor om arbetstidsförläggningi stort och inte bara i samband med användning av arbetstidsmodeller av dettaslag. Frågor av detta slag behöver också uppmärksammas i förhållande till verksamhetsmässigaaspekter. Inom arbetstidsområdet tycks det finnas möjligheter till att utveckla tänkande ochhandlande med vars hjälp effektiviseringar torde kunna göras.
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| 26. |
- Dellgren, Göran, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Continuous improvement in outcome after heart transplantation - Long-term follow-up after three decades of experience.
- 2017
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Ingår i: International journal of cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-1754 .- 0167-5273. ; 231, s. 188-194
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart transplantation (HTx) has become the standard treatment for patients with end-stage heart disease. We report on the long-term outcome after HTx at our centre and investigate trends in outcome over time.During the period, between 1984 and 2014, a total of 610 HTx procedures were performed in 595 patients (median 48years; IQR 31-57years; range 24days-71years; mean 43years; 75% male) in our institution. Long-term outcome was investigated in the whole cohort, among children (n=76), bridged with mechanical circulatory support (MCS, n=131), re-transplanted (n=17), and concomitant kidney transplantation (n=12).Long-term survival was at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20years: 86% (95CI 0.83-0.89); 77% (95CI 0.73-0.80); 63% (95CI 0.59-0.68); 48% (95CI 0.43-0.54) and 30% (95CI 0.25-0.36), respectively. The median survival for the whole cohort was 14.1years. Patients transplanted during the most recent time period (2010-2014) had a better survival compared to previous eras, with a 1- and 3-year survival of 94% (95CI 0.89-0.97) and 93% (95CI 0.88-0.96), respectively (p<0.001). However, when survival was analysed for long-term MCS (n=80) versus short term MCS (n=35), there was a significantly poorer survival for the short-term MCS group (p=0.001). Independent predictors of long-term mortality included recipient age (p=0.041); previous smoking (p=0.034); ischemic heart disease (p=0.002); and preoperative ventilator therapy (p=0.004).We have shown that continuous improvement in outcome after HTx still occurs. In the last time era, direct transplantation from short-term MCS was abandoned, which may have inflicted outcome during the last time era.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Gunaratne, Tharaka, 1982-
(författare)
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Can we go circular? : On the multifaceted challenges of facilitating shredder fines valorisation in the Swedish context
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In concomitance with the growing developments around the circular economy concept in the region, the resource recovery and recycling of industrial production residues is increasingly being envisaged in the European Union and its member states. The role of the recycling industry has become ever important in this context. The shredding industry is based on shredding discarded products such as end-of-life vehicles, and municipal white goods, and subsequent retrieval of (primarily) metals. Shredder fines (or fines) is a heterogeneous fine-granular production residue of this industry, which is currently disposed of. Shredder fines presents, and will continue to do so in the foreseeable future, several challenges that need to be addressed. It creates a disposal problem given the shrinking landfill availability and incurs handling costs to the shredding industry. Furthermore, it reduces our resources efficiency in general.This thesis aims to contribute knowledge on the challenges of facilitating the valorisation of shredder fines in the context of Sweden. In doing so, the current situation concerning fines and its management was investigated by addressing the research questions; 1) What is the resource potential of fines generated at the studied shredding plant, and 2) Why is the current disposal-oriented management of shredder fines sustained in Sweden. There, a systems perspective was employed, where the research questions were addressed on the material, actor, and institution levels, based on three scientific articles, which are appended.The studied material carries a certain amount of potentially recoverable resources, nevertheless shows a significant need for upgrading pertaining to the user requirements and regulatory standards of different recovery applications. The full recovery of fines requires integrated processes that could simultaneously harness these resource opportunities and resolve the material constraints. When it comes to the current practice of managing fines in Sweden, the utilisation in landfill covering offers the shredding companies a secure outlet for the material, given it is a well-established practice that has evolved over decades of operations and there is still a significant demand for landfill cover materials. Additionally, it provides shredding companies with a legislatively-compliant low-cost disposal option for managing fines. On the other hand, the complex materiality, lack of marketability of secondary raw materials (SRMs), and unfavourable governmental regulation of waste recovery create strategic disincentives for shredding companies in opting for fines valorisation.Fines valorisation calls for change in the well-established current practice of utilising the material in landfill covering. Thus, drastic policy measures such as phasing out landfilling and mandating resource recovery and recycling of fines are required to remove the incentives for fines disposal and compel the shredding industry to seek valorisation alternatives for its management. In order to ensure long-term sustenance, applications based on fines valorisation need favourable and more predictable circumstances and settings on different societal levels. There, secure outlets for potential fines-derived SRMs is one of the essential elements. Governmental interventions to create demand and alleviate valorisation investments via market and financial instruments play a significant role in that regard. The other primary requirement to facilitate fines valorisation in the long term is to set clear market and regulatory playing rules. Established supply and demand structures would enable clear pricing mechanisms for fines-derived SRMs and accurate economic assessments of fines valorisation, thus reducing the investment risk for shredding companies. On the other hand, clear regulatory standards and favourable regulatory practices would reduce the uncertainty of the realisation of valorisation applications and gain trust among actors.
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| 30. |
- Gunaratne, Tharaka, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Current Practice of Managing the Waste of the Waste: Policy, Market, and Organisational Factors Influencing Shredder Fines Management in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - Switzerland : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recycling-industry residue called shredder fines (fines) presents a disposal problem,incurs handling costs, and reduces resource efficiency in general. This study aims to identify thechallenges of facilitating fines valorisation in the Swedish context. Hence, the shredding companyperspective of the underlying factors that sustain the current practice of fines management isestablished by studying the case of a specific shredding company using semi-structured interviews.Utilisation in landfill covering offers the company a secure outlet and a legislatively-compliant lowcostdisposal option for fines. Additionally, lack of specific regulatory standards, unfavourableregulation of waste reutilisation, and lack of market demand for secondary raw materials (SRMs)create disincentives to develop valorisation options. Also, the lack of corporate-level focus on theissue has resulted in a lack of organising for and capacities to improve the handling of the material.Initiating fines valorisation needs to challenge these prevailing circumstances and thus necessitatesgovernmental interventions. Simultaneously, favourable conditions for SRM utilisation are needed;that is, established outlets for fines-derived SRMs and clear regulatory and market playing rulesthat reduce uncertainty and investment risk of developing tailored processes for upgrading andresource recovery need to be available.
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| 31. |
- Gunaratne, Tharaka, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Market prospects of secondary construction aggregates in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition towards a circular economy is being increasingly envisaged in Europe. Increased utilisation of secondary construction aggregates poses a great opportunity in this regard given its potential to avoid waste disposal, natural resource extraction, and reduce costs. Nevertheless, the Swedish construction aggregates market is dominantly characterised by primary aggregates utilisation. This study employs a qualitative approach to analyse the Swedish construction aggregates market from the user perspective in order to identify the challenges of increased utilisation of secondary aggregates. The dominant and systematic utilisation of primary aggregates is chiefly driven by market processes allowing economic advantages and convenience for the users in doing so, whereas the situational and non-systematic utilisation of secondary aggregates is opportunistically driven by different actors in order to seize opportunities such as avoided costs and improved environmental performance. The realisation of increased secondary aggregates utilisation needs to be first facilitated via changes to the institutional structure that makes such materials a priority issue for the supply chain actors, which necessitates national-level policy interventions and supply chain actor collaborations. Second, the competitiveness of secondary aggregates needs to be lifted to a comparable state to that of primary aggregates, which necessitates the development of specific sectoral application standards and vertical integration of secondary aggregates supply by construction corporations.
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| 32. |
- Gunaratne, Tharaka, 1982-
(författare)
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Valorisation of heterogeneous industrial residues towards a circular economy : A systems-oriented investigation on how to facilitate shredder fines valorisation in the Swedish context
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the context of circular economy in the European region the role of the recycling industry has become ever important. Shredder fines (or fines) is a heterogeneous fine-granular production residue of the shredding industry, and is currently disposed of. Shredder fines presents a disposal problem and incurs handling costs to the shredding industry. More importantly, its disposal reduces the resources efficiency of our society. This thesis aims to contribute systems-oriented knowledge to facilitate the valorisation of shredder fines in the Swedish context. In doing so, it contributes to two knowledge. Knowledge area one portrays the current picture concerning fines management in terms of the underlying factors of the current practice of fines management and the market prospects for secondary construction aggregates. Knowledge area two showcases the potential approach to initiate process development in terms of assessments of the resource potential of fines and the environmental impact of fines-valorisation. The findings of knowledge area one show that the studied shredding company is more inclined towards continuing on the current disposal-oriented management of fines. That is because of both incentives for utilising fines as landfill cover materials and disincentives for valorising fines, created by various policy, market, and organisational factors. On the other hand, a significant need exists to improve the prospects of secondary aggregates in the construction aggregates market. Currently, the market is chiefly characterised by processes and underlying structures that sustain dominant primary aggregates utilisation, whereas secondary aggregates utilisation is situational and driven by different supply chain actors due to different individual reasons.The findings of knowledge area two show that process development for fines valorisation has several technical and environmental challenges. The resource potential assessment of the fines shows that the initial technical feasibility of fines valorisation is considerable, however different resource recovery strategies would require different levels of processes for upgrading and resource recovery. The ex-ante life cycle assessment of fines valorisation shows that potential fines valorisation is environmentally more promising compared to landfill-related disposal, however, different resource recovery strategies would create different levels of environmental impacts and present different needs for improvements.Facilitating fines valorisation calls for different measures on the institution and actor levels. Drastic policy measures are required to remove the incentives for the disposal of the material and compel shredding companies to seek valorisation alternatives. In order to ensure long-term sustenance of fines valorisation, fines-derived secondary raw materials need secure outlets and clear market and regulatory playing rules for their generation and application. Additionally, environmentally feasible and cost effective upgrading and resource recovery processes have to be developed.The origin of circular economy is grounded in restoring the environmental balance and reducing the throughput of natural resources in anthropogenic systems. Nevertheless, the current conceptualisation of circular economy is predominantly focusing on the economic progress, which somewhat promotes “business as usual”. This thesis attempts to reinstate the original resource conservation idea of circular economy in relation to heterogeneous industrial residue valorisation.
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| 33. |
- Izsak, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Robust generation of person-specific, synchronously active neuronal networks using purely isogenic human iPSC-3D neural aggregate cultures
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reproducibly generating human induced pluripotent stem cell-based functional neuronal circuits, solely obtained from single individuals, poses particular challenges to achieve personalized and patient specific functional neuronal in vitro models. A hallmark of functional neuronal assemblies, synchronous neuronal activity, can be non-invasively studied by microelectrode array (MEA) technology, reliably capturing physiological and pathophysiological aspects of human brain function. In our here presented manuscript, we demonstrate a procedure to generate 3D neural aggregates comprising astrocytes, oligodendroglial cells, and neurons obtained from the same human tissue sample. Moreover, we demonstrate the robust ability of those neurons to create a highly synchronously active neuronal network within 3 weeks in vitro, without additionally applied astrocytes. The fusion of MEA-technology with functional neuronal circuits solely obtained from one individual's cells represent isogenic person-specific human neuronal sensor chips that pave the way for specific personalized in vitro neuronal networks as well as neurological and neuropsychiatric disease modeling.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Johansson, Mattias, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Taking the inventive step : The role of the patent department in new product development
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Drawing on an interview-based case study of R&D specialists in two patent intensive firms, we suggest that patent engineers are an important resource for R&D specialists’ work throughout the inventive process. In addition to the role prior literature indicates the patent department to have for supplying R&D with information needed from and about patents to plan R&D work, the findings suggest that patent engineers contribute to the actual development work whereby R&D specialists turn ideas into inventions, and inventions into patents. In virtue of their patent expertise and their technological competence, patent engineers can help R&D specialists to shape and refine their ideas into patentable inventions by appraising potential obstacles, suggesting promising lines of approach to a determined problem, or at times even by assisting with the technological solution per se. We suggest that such contributions of the patent department are particularly important in mature industries where demands for patentable inventions to protect new products are in constant conflict with that many of the knowledge domains in which firms compete are already heavily patented. The results further indicate an increasing need for firms to integrate not only the functionally specialized departments of R&D, marketing and manufacturing, as is often indicated in new product development literatures, but also a need to integrate R&D with the patent department. Indeed, in mature industries at least, the responsibilities for R&D and patenting may be intimately related, making it difficult to analyze the two separately.
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| 36. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ensuring protection and competitiveness : Characteristics of market formation for biogas
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and research questionPresenting possible solutions to environmental problems such as air quality, greenhouse gases, nutrient recirculation, organic waste and wastewater management, biogas is highly relevant for sustainability transitions. Besides biogas producers, the production and use of biogas engages actors from several sectors, including energy and gas distribution, waste management and wastewater treatment, agriculture, vehicles and transport.The formation of markets for biogas depends on policy interventions at different levels, from the local municipality via the national government to the EU commission. By contrast to other European countries, which tend to subsidize biogas production, the Swedish government has the intention to stimulate demand and to favor the use of purified biogas (biomethane) as a vehicle fuel. While biomethane currently has a strong position as an alternative to fossil fuels in certain niches (notably public transport buses), the Swedish biogas sector faces challenges to reach beyond these narrow market segments.Adopting a market constructivist perspective, this paper will analyze the formation of markets for biogas in Sweden. The following research question will guide the analysis: What characterizes market formation in this case and based on that, what is possible to learn about market formation in relation to sustainability transitions? TheoryMarketing scholars increasingly consider market formation as on-going processes, which a multitude of actors influence through their strategies, activities and capabilities. To understand market formation it is therefore necessary to analyze activities among a wider array of actors than merely producers and their (potential) customers.Following a constructivist perspective, the offer is a core element in market formation. The offer describes the meanings and qualifications that actors impose on the object that is for sale. These meanings and qualifications constitute boundaries between actors and goods. Different actors engage to define the object, as well as its meanings, qualifications and potential value. Without a clear view of what is being exchanged, market formation will be difficult. Market formation also includes institutions that set boundaries and rules for the market. These are neither static, nor pre-conceived; instead, they are shaped and acted upon. Actors influence institutions through dynamic and interactive processes. MethodThe paper combines quantitative and qualitative sources of data to study the Swedish biogas sector. The paper presents detailed data on production and use of biogas in Sweden 2010-2017. This quantitative data is complemented by qualitative data from interviews with representatives from key actors as well as secondary data from industry reports and other written sources. FindingsThe multitude of actors involved complicates market formation for biogas. Different meanings and qualifications are attributed to the offer. Whereas it is possible to perceive biogas as a relatively simple product – a fuel – it is also possible to perceive it as a complex system that may help solving various societal and environmental problems. Different perceptions of the offer have different implications for market formation. Depicting biogas as a complex system implies that the offer will comprise a number of different qualifications. The realization of such a complex system depends on the bonding of various actors. Once established, the bonds will protect biogas from competition. By contrast, depicting biogas as a fuel means that the value of biogas will be assessed in relation to fuel prices. Qualification will thus depend on cost competitiveness vis-a-vis other fuels.Our analysis suggests that although the contrasting perceptions of biogas cause tensions between the actors involved, the different qualifications complement each other in the market formation process. Various environmental and societal benefits makes it possible for actors argue for institutional reforms to help biogas become cost competitive, and increased competitiveness makes it attractive to establish new biogas systems.
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| 37. |
- Magnusson, Thomas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial ecology and the boundaries of the manufacturing firm
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1088-1980 .- 1530-9290. ; 23:5, s. 1211-1225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decisions on organizational boundaries are critical aspects of manufacturing firms’ business strategies. This article brings together concepts and findings from industrial ecology and business strategy in order to understand how manufacturing firms engage in initiatives to facilitate recycling of process wastes. Based on a distinction between waste recovery and use of the recovered resources, the article introduces a typology of four different strategies: Closed, Outsourcing, Diversification, and Open. Each strategy has a unique set of organizational boundaries and is associated with different motives and benefits for the manufacturing firm. The typology of strategies provides a conceptual contribution to assist industrial managers in strategic decision-making, and to support further studies on organizational boundaries in industrial ecology research.
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| 38. |
- Michaëlsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
The novel antidepressant ketamine enhances dentate gyrus proliferation with no effects on synaptic plasticity or hippocampal function in depressive-like rats
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 225:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Major depressive disorder is a common and debilitating condition with substantial economic impact. Treatment options, although effective, are aimed at relieving the symptoms with limited disease modification. Ketamine, a commonly used anaesthetic, has received substantial attention as it shows rapid antidepressant effects clinically. We studied the effects of ketamine on hippocampal function and dentate gyrus proliferation in rats showing a depressive-like phenotype. Methods Adolescent and adult animals were pre-natally exposed to the glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone, and we verified a depressive-like phenotype using behavioural tests, such as the sucrose preference. We subsequently studied the effects of ketamine on hippocampal synaptic transmission, plasticity and dentate gyrus proliferation. In addition, we measured hippocampal glutamate receptor expression. We also tested the ketamine metabolite hydroxynorketamine for NMDA-receptor independent effects. Results Surprisingly, our extensive experimental survey revealed limited effects of ketamine or its metabolite on hippocampal function in control as well as depressive-like animals. We found no effects on synaptic efficacy or induction of long-term potentiation in adolescent and adult animals. Also there was no difference when comparing the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Importantly, however, ketamine 24 hours prior to experimentation significantly increased the dentate gyrus proliferation, as revealed by Ki-67 immunostaining, in the depressive-like phenotype. Conclusion We find limited effects of ketamine on hippocampal glutamatergic transmission. Instead, alterations in dentate gyrus proliferation could explain the antidepressant effects of ketamine.
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| 39. |
- Odqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
High-Sensitivity Troponins and Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 71:23, s. 2616-2624
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND It remains unknown how the introduction of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) has affected the incidence, prognosis, and use of coronary angiographies and revascularizations in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate how the incidence of MI and prognosis after a first MI was affected by the introduction of hs-cTnT. METHODS In a cohort study, the authors included all patients with a first MI from the Swedish National Patient Registry from 2009 to 2013. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of all-cause mortality, reinfarction, coronary angiographies, and revascularizations in patients with MI diagnosed using hs-cTnT compared with those diagnosed using conventional troponins (cTn). RESULTS During the study period, 47,133 MIs were diagnosed using cTn and 40,746 using hs-cTnT. The rate of MI increased by 5% (95% CI: 0% to 10%) after the introduction of hs-cTnT. During 3.9 +/- 2.8 years of follow-up, there were 33,492 deaths, with no difference in the risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.02). There were, in total, 15,766 reinfarctions during 3.1 +/- 2.3 years of follow-up, with the risk of reinfarction reduced by 11% in patients diagnosed using hs-cTnT (adjusted HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.91). The use of coronary angiographies (adjusted HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.18) and revascularizations (adjusted HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.15) increased in the hs-cTnT group. CONCLUSIONS In a nationwide cohort study including 87,879 patients with a first MI, the introduction of hs-cTnT was associated with an increased incidence of MI, although with no impact on survival. We also found a reduced risk of reinfarction alongside increased use of coronary angiographies and revascularizations. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
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| 40. |
- Odqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes in patients with chest pain in emergency departments using high-sensitivity versus conventional troponins
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 57:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. There is a paucity of data regarding the association between the use of high-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTn) compared with conventional troponin (cTn) and outcomes in chest pain patients in emergency departments (EDs). This study examined the impact of hs-cTnT on prognosis in chest pain patients in EDs. Design. In an observational cohort study, we included chest pain patients visiting the EDs of 14 hospitals in Sweden from 2011 to 2016. The study population was retrieved from each hospital, and information on characteristics and outcomes was collected from nationwide registries. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (HR, 95% CI) for (1) 1-year all-cause mortality, (2) missed acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), (3) use of coronary angiography, and (4) revascularizations within 30 days. Results. We included 170461 patients with chest pain where 62669 patients were tested with cTn while 107792 patients were tested with hs-cTnT. We found 4149 (4.6%) deaths in the cTn group and 6087 (3.7%) deaths in the hs-cTnT group. Patients in the hs-cTnT group had 9% lower mortality (0.91, 0.87-0.94), and were 14% more likely to undergo coronary angiography (1.14, 1.10-1.17), and 12% more likely to be revascularized (1.12, 1.08-1.17) than patients in the cTn group. Conclusions. Patients with chest pain visiting EDs using hs-cTnT had lower mortality and a higher likelihood of undergoing coronary angiographies and revascularizations than those using cTn. There may be a survival benefit of being tested with hs-cTnT compared with cTn in patients seeking medical attention for chest pain.
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| 41. |
- Olsson, Louise, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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A kinetic study of oxygen adsorption/desorption and NO oxidation over Pt/Al2O3 catalysts
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5647 .- 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 103:47, s. 10433-10439
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laboratory tests and kinetic modeling were carried out in order to provide kinetic input data to a systematic investigation of the mechanism of nitrogen oxides (NO,) storage in catalysts used for lean-burn engines. In particular, we present a kinetic model of the NO oxidation to NO2 over a Pt/Al2O3 model catalyst for the temperature range 250-450 degrees C. Since the oxygen behavior at atmospheric pressure is critical for such a model, we have also studied the adsorption/desorption of oxygen by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments. The experiments show that oxygen starts to desorb at about 300 degrees C. Furthermore, the NO oxidation was studied in a temperature ramp with NO and oxygen in the gas feed. The data from this experiment and the above-determined values for the oxygen adsorption/desorption were used to construct a kinetic model for the NO oxidation. Finally, the model was validated with some transient experiments with either NO or NO2 and different oxygen concentrations in the gas feed. We found a good agreement between these experiments and the model.
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| 42. |
- Ottosson, Mikael, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Biogas in the Nordic forest industry : current state and future business potential
- 2016
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Ingår i: Industrial Efficiency 2016 - Going beyond energy efficiency to deliver savings, competitiveness and a circular economy. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198048285 - 9789198048292 ; , s. 1-15
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The forest industry is of great importance to the Nordic countries in terms of exports and employment. Today the industry faces tough challenges related to future higher energy prices, increased competition for wood raw material, and a declining demand for traditional paper products. However, there are also possibilities related to the transition to a bio-based economy. This paper focuses on one such avenue, the business potential in using wastewater from pulp and paper mills as a basis for biogas production. The paper identifies biogas plants at Nordic mills currently operating or under construction and, positions the mills according to their decisions on how to engage in activities related to biogas production and use. Requirements for and consequences and of the different positions are discussed in terms of resources and capabilities, governance, and strategy focus.The paper shows that cost reduction is an important driver for biogas production in the pulp and paper industry, but public financial support is needed to justify the investments. Since forest firms do not view biogas production as a core business activity, external actors that can offer turnkey solutions or runt the operations may be needed to facilitate biogas production in the forest industry. While internal use of gas is an option for some mills, it is evident that external demand for biogas, i.e. as vehicle fuel, differ in the three different Nordic countries. In Norway, whose forest industry is the least significant of the three countries, the situation for external use seem to be the most promising, emphasizing the role of public policy interventions in the transport sector for the development of biogas in the forest industry.
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| 43. |
- Ottosson, Mikael, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Local and global market formation : the shaping of the Swedish biogas sector
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies of sustainability transitions have used the technological innovation systems approach to study market introduction of renewable new energy technologies (Negro, Hekkert et al. 2007, Alkemade and Suurs 2012, Negro, Alkemade et al. 2012, Jacobsson and Karltorp 2013, Bento and Fontes 2015, Tigabu, Berkhout et al. 2015). These studies have shown that during these early stages, the new technologies and markets tend to be relatively crude. Moreover, established infrastructure, industry structures and institutional practices are often inadequate for the new technologies. This means that the new technology alternatives are rarely competitive on regular markets, which are dominated by existing technologies. Therefore, policy makers are advised to facilitate the formation of protective spaces – niches – which allow for the new technologies to enter the market (Kemp, Schot et al. 1998, Caniëls and Romijn 2008, Smith and Raven 2012). Gathering relevant stakeholders in the formation of networks, such protective spaces will nurture experimentation activities and assist the development and diffusion of knowledge. Moreover these protective spaces will empower proponents of the new technology, helping them to attract resources and build legitimacy for the new technology.While sustainability transitions literature have investigated the early stages of market introduction of renewable new energy technologies thoroughly, the critical step from having an established position in a protected niche to facilitating a broader diffusion to an actual market has received less attention in transition studies. According to Suurs and Hekkert (2009), this step would imply different kinds of innovation system dynamics, in which market formation would be an essential process and Jacobsson (2008) plead for a different set of policy instruments to support such broader market diffusion. Still the market formation processes for renewable new energy technologies are not well understood in sustainability transitions literature.Such formation processes are however well analyzed within the business to business marketing field. Araujo (2007) states that the creation of new markets can be achieved by various activities from different actors. Such market-shaping activities stretch from traditional firm level activities such as sales to activities that involve the entire markets institution e.g. changing the rules of the market (Kjellberg & Helgesson, 2007; Mele, Pels & Storbacka, 2015). In the center of a new market is the market offer. The process of qualifying the product involves different actors’ attempts to qualify desirable attributes and characteristics related to the offer (Callon et al. 2002). This process is especially important in shaping new markets since the market offer in itself is not fixed but rather something in the making. In the center of our study is the overall research question: What actors are involved in shaping the Swedish biogas market and what qualifications does these actors attribute to the product?
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| 44. |
- Ottosson, Mikael, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Shaping sustainable markets : A conceptual framework illustrated by the case of biogas in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. - : Elsevier. - 2210-4224 .- 2210-4232. ; 36, s. 303-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By merging findings from transition studies with recent literature on market-shaping, this paper outlines a conceptual framework that describes the shaping of sustainable markets. The framework comprises three critical processes: enabling exchange practices, proving the system and constructing the narrative. Individually, these processes generate different kinds of value – traded, demonstrated and expected value – and the value output from each process serves as input to the other two processes. Hence the value streams link the processes together. We illustrate the framework by analyzing market-shaping processes for biogas in Sweden. The case analysis shows how public and private actors have engaged in a multitude of activities that have built up the market-shaping processes. The analysis highlights the recursive nature of sustainable market-shaping, showing how key actors must repeatedly respond to tensions resulting from growth and aspirations of growth.
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| 45. |
- Rantakokko, Jouni, et al.
(författare)
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Positioning of emergency personnel in rescue operations :
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Summary and recommendations Presently, GPS-equipped mobile phones are launched at a large scale, enabling a variety of positioning based services. Indeed, GPS is expected to be the future killer application for mobile phones and services. The concept of accurate positioning by technical means implies a large number of applications not only for the mass market, but also for rescue services, fire brigades, police forces, and military and so on. For professional and governmental safety-of-life services the current systems are far from usable and large efforts have to be concentrated on research and development. Technologies based on GPS and other satellite-based positioning systems alone are vulnerable and are expected to malfunction in indoor or challenging electromagnetic environments, or due to antagonistic measures. Satellite-based positioning is a key component in a robust communication and positioning system aimed for first responders. Satellite based positioning in combination with local radio-based positioning systems and dead-reckoning or inertial navigation systems are enablers to fulfill the users? requirements on accuracy and availability of the positioning service. Sweden is a competent player within security. Around 300 companies with some 22.000 employees have been identified within the area. Swedish industry, research institutes and universities are expected to take part in international consortiums within EU FP7, as well as being a player within DHS funded research and development within the personal positioning and navigation area. The market potential for professional and safety-of-life personal equipment for robust positioning and communication with suitable means for information presentation is significant. In the US and the EU there are some 2 million incident responders each. On a national level we count some 35.000 fire fighters, police, and military personnel in international operations. A migration of the technology to private end-consumers as implemented in consumer electronics opens up a gigantic market for wireless services within navigation, gaming, and position-awareness services. Within the project positioning of first responders in rescue operations, robust positioning has been studied. From a system perspective, technologies for positioning of personnel are key system components within a platform for positioning, information transfer for command and control, and information processing and presentation for the personnel at all levels. \? Systems for training are needed to introduce the end-user to the technology, and for training and simulation of novel strategies enabled by the technology. Stationary training systems can be implemented with state-of-the art positioning methods. Feedback from the end-user to the R&D community is instrumental in the specification and development of future means for positioning of first responders. A research infrastructure, or test-bed, for implementation and evaluation of robust positioning is an essential tool. \? The functionality of the equipment has to be robust against hostile electromagnetic environments, either due to the actual physical environment (indoor scenario, intersystem interference from nearby electronic equipment, scenario within a large steel constructions, or power plant, etc), or due to electronic warfare antagonistic actions. Research has to be performed in several areas such as channel characterization for radio positioning, quality of satellite signals subjected to interference, and integrity of sensor information due to external influences. \? Contemporary MEMS-technology provides small-size sensors with low energy consumption. The rapid development within sensor technologies enables data fusion from a plurality of sensors by digital signal processing. Fundamental issues within digital signal processing have to be studied in several fields, including methods to enhance sensor performance by incorporating behavioral modeling; fusion of digital information from a plurality of sensors; aspects of hardware implementation to fulfill requirements on size, weight and uptime, and software defined receivers for radio-based positioning, communication and mapping. In summary, future systems for positioning of first responders in rescue operations rely on the development of infra-structure aimed for end-users in a training scenario; and a platform for R&D-purposes. In parallel, fundamental issues have to be studied regarding the electromagnetic environment, as well as methodologies in digital signal processing.
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| 46. |
- Selimovic, Nedim, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelin-1 across the lung circulation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and influence of epoprostenol infusion.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1557-3117. ; 28:8, s. 808-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The endothelin-1 (ET-1) system plays a pathophysiologic role in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Results from previous studies assessing the transpulmonary gradient of ET-1 have been inconsistent. The influence of an intravenous epoprostenol infusion on the transpulmonary ET-1 gradient is unknown. METHODS: In a prospective investigation, serum concentrations of ET-1 were measured in 39 consecutive patients (31 women; mean age, 20-77 years) with pulmonary hypertension (33 with PAH) and compared with 20 controls. The effect of intravenous epoprostenol administration on the transpulmonary gradient of ET-1 was analyzed in 13 patients with pulmonary hypertension. Blood samples were taken simultaneously from the pulmonary artery and radial artery. RESULTS: The serum levels of ET-1 were significantly higher in the arterial (3.9 +/- 1.28 vs 2.53 +/- 0.24 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and mixed venous blood samples (3.9 +/- 1.21 vs 2.52 +/- 0.29 pg/ml, p < 0.001) in patients with pulmonary hypertension than in controls. The arterial/venous ratio of ET-1 in patients (1.0 +/- 0.1) and in the control group (1.0 +/- 0.05) was similar (p = 0.79). During intravenous epoprostenol infusion, there were no changes in the mean transpulmonary ET-1 gradient (0.98 +/- 0.07 vs 0.96 +/- 0.09, p = 0.52), despite significant hemodynamic changes. CONCLUSION: The ET-1 radial artery/pulmonary artery ratio of unity indicates a balanced release and clearance of ET-1 across the lung circulation in controls and in patients with different forms of pulmonary hypertension. ET-1 levels across the pulmonary circulation did not change during epoprostenol infusion.
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| 47. |
- Selimovic, Nedim, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Growth factors and interleukin-6 across the lung circulation in pulmonary hypertension.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003. ; 34:3, s. 662-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of our study was to assess the levels of growth factors and interleukin (IL)-6 across the pulmonary circulation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and correlate them with clinical and haemodynamic data and outcome. Simultaneous arterial and pulmonary arterial blood samples in patients with PAH (n = 44) and controls (n = 20) were obtained during right heart catheterisation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and IL-6 were measured using ELISA. Arterial median (interquartile range) values for VEGF, PDGF-BB, TGF-beta1 and IL-6 were significantly higher in patients (377 (218-588) versus 9.0 pg.mL(-1); 1,955 (1,371-2,519) versus 306 (131-502) pg.mL(-1); 26.42 (11.3-41.1) versus 7.0 (1.8-18.4) ng.mL(-1); and 3.98 (0.7-8.1) versus 0.7 pg.mL(-1), respectively; p<0.001 for all variables). There was a consistent step-up of VEGF, PDGF-BB and TGF-beta1 across the lungs in PAH patients (p<0.001, p = 0.002 and p<0.001, respectively), whereas in controls, arterial and pulmonary arterial serum levels of IL-6 and growth factors were similar (statistically nonsignificant). In multivariate analysis, increased IL-6 levels predicted mortality (hazard ratio 1.08 (95% confidence interval 1.02-1.15); p = 0.012). Our findings indicate increased release and/or decreased clearance of growth factors at the lung vascular level, which may contribute to vascular remodelling in PAH.
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| 48. |
- Sudow, Mattias, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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An SiC MESFET-based MMIC process
- 2006
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. ; 54:12, Part 1, s. 4072-4078
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC)process based on an in-house SiC MESFET technology has been developed. The process uses microstrip technology, and a complete set of passive components, including MIMcapacitors, spiral inductors,thin-film resistors, and via-holes, has been developed. The potential of the process is demonstrated by an 8-W power amplifierat 3 GHz, a high-linearity -band mixer showing a third-order intercept point of 38 dBm, and a high-power limiter.
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- Söderman, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Application of a computed tomography based cystic fibrosis scoring system to chest tomosynthesis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 8673
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the monitoring of progression of lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), recurrent computed tomography (CT) examinations are often used. The relatively new imaging technique chest tomosynthesis (CTS) may be an interesting alternative in the follow-up of these patients due to its visualization of the chest in slices at radiation doses and costs significantly lower than is the case with CT. A first step towards introducing CTS imaging in the diagnostics of CF patients is to establish a scoring system appropriate for evaluating the severity of CF pulmonary disease based on findings in CTS images. Previously, several such CF scoring systems based on CT imaging have been published. The purpose of the present study was to develop a CF scoring system for CTS, by starting from an existing scoring system dedicated for CT images and making modifications regarded necessary to make it appropriate for use with CTS images. In order to determine any necessary changes, three thoracic radiologists independently used a scoring system dedicated for CT on both CT and CTS images from CF patients. The results of the scoring were jointly evaluated by all the observers, which lead to suggestions for changes to the scoring system. Suggested modifications include excluding the scoring of air trapping and doing the scoring of the findings in quadrants of the image instead of in each lung lobe. © 2013 SPIE.
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