| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Value Incommensurability : Ethics, Risk, and Decision-Making - Ethics, Risk, and Decision-Making. - 9780367702182 - 9780367707873 - 9781003148012 ; , s. 1-27
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Value Incommensurability : Ethics, Risk, and Decision-Making - Ethics, Risk, and Decision-Making. - New York : Routledge. - 9780367702182 - 9780367707873 - 9781003148012 ; , s. 1-25
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of incommensurability indicates that some predicates are different: when two things are incommensurable, neither is determinately better than the other nor are they equally as good as each other. Hence, they are related in some other manner. The possibility of incommensurability can be argued for by referring to the existence of moral dilemmas. Whenever one can make a small improvement argument, one can make a case for incommensurability, and this seems possible any time one makes multidimensional comparisons. Multidimensional comparisons are ubiquitous. In ethical theory, they are almost always present since plausible conceptions of well-being are multidimensional. “Incommensurability” used as a catch-all term is thus compatible with, among other possibilities, incomparability and parity, and all non-conventional value relations fall under its umbrella. The chapter also presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in this book.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Spectrum Arguments, Indeterminacy, and Value Superiority
- 2022
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Ingår i: Value Incommensurability : Ethics, Risk, and Decision-Making - Ethics, Risk, and Decision-Making. - New York : Routledge. - 9780367702182 - 9780367707873 - 9781003148012 ; , s. 109-125
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Larry Temkin has forcefully argued for the possibility that the value comparative “better than” is not transitive and that the betterness relation can be cyclical. Temkin uses so-called spectrum arguments to argue that the belief that “better than” is transitive is incompatible with other beliefs that are more intuitive, so we should conclude that “better than” is not transitive. I will argue that this is mistaken. Granted what we know about the formal features of value, it can be shown that it is at least as intuitive to reject one of the other beliefs. To be more precise, it is the fact that it can be indeterminate how items relate with respect to their value and what is entailed by the fact that one item may be superior in value to another that helps us account for why we should not reject the claim that “better than” is transitive.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Ulf, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Reasoning among Registered Nurses in Emergency Medical Services : A Case Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making. - : Sage Publications. - 1555-3434 .- 2169-5032. ; 16:3, s. 123-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In emergency medical services (EMS), the clinical reasoning (CR) of registered nurses (RNs) working in ambulance care plays an important role in providing care and treatment that is timely, accurate, appropriate and safe. However, limited existing knowledge about how CR is formed and influenced by the EMS mission hinders the development of service provision and decision support tools for RNs that would further enhance patient safety. To explore the nature of CR and influencing factors in this context, an inductive case study examined 34 observed patient-RN encounters in an EMS setting focusing on ambulance care. The results reveal a fragmented CR approach involving several parallel decision-making processes grounded in and led by patients' narratives. The findings indicate that RNs are not always aware of their own CR and associated influences until they actively reflect on the process, and additional research is needed to clarify this complex phenomenon.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Ulf, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical reasoning in the emergency medical services: an integrative review
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: Clinical reasoning is the process of gathering and understanding information conducted by clinicians in the emergency medical services (EMS) so as to make informed decisions. Research on clinical reasoning spans several disciplines, but a comprehensive view of the process is lacking. To our knowledge, no review of clinical reasoning in the EMS has been conducted.Aim: The aim was to investigate the nature, deployment, and factors influencing EMS clinicians’ clinical reasoning by means of a review.Method: Data was collected through searches in electronic databases, networking among research teams ,colleagues and friends, “grey literature,” and through ancestry searches. A total of 38 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion and were analyzed using descriptive thematic analysis. The analysis resulted in an overarching finding -namely, the importance for EMS clinicians to adjust for perceived control in unpredictable situations. Within this finding, 3 themes emerged in terms of EMS clinicians’ clinical reasoning: (1) maintaining a holistic view of the patient; (2) keeping an open mind; and (3) improving through criticism. Seven subthemes subsequently emerged from these three themes.Results: This review showed that EMS clinicians’ clinical reasoning begins with the information that they are given about a patient. Based on this information, clinicians calculate the best route to the patient and which equipment to use, and they also assess potential risks. They need to be constantly aware of what is happening on the scene and with the patient and strive to control the situation. This striving also enables EMS clinicians to work safely and effectively in relation to the patient, their relatives, other clinicians, associated organizations, and the wider community. A lack of contextually appropriate guidelines results in the need for creativity and forces EMS clinicians to use “workarounds” to solve issues beyond the scope of the guidelines available. In addition, they often lack organizational support and fear repercussions such as litigation, unemployment, or blame by their EMS or healthcare organization or by patients and relatives.Conclusion: Clinical reasoning is influenced by several factors. Further research is needed to determine which influencing factors can be addressed through interventions to minimize their impact on patient outcomes.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Ulf, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational factors influencing clinical reasoning in a Swedish emergency medical service organization: An explorative qualitative case study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Paramedicine. - : Sage Publications. - 2753-6386 .- 2753-6386.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionClinical reasoning (CR) among healthcare professionals working in emergency medical services (EMS) who focus on ambulance care is a vital part of ensuring timely and safe patient care. The EMS environment continually fluctuates, so clinicians constantly need to adapt to new situations. Organizational support is described as important for CR, but overall, research on organizational influences for CR in an EMS context is lacking. An increased understanding of these influencing factors can assist in the development of EMS by strengthening CR among clinicians. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the organizational factors influencing EMS clinicians’ CR.MethodsUsing a qualitative single case study design, an EMS organization in southwestern Sweden was explored. Data were collected from participant observations of patient encounters, individual and group interviews with clinicians and organizational representatives, and organizational document audits. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and triangulation of data sources.ResultsThe results revealed several organizational influencing factors. Collaboration and information sharing internally and externally were emphasized as essential components influencing CR. Additionally, the structure for the clinicians’ ‘room for action’ appeared confused and created uncertainties for CR related to decision mandates.ConclusionThe conclusion is that organizational factors do play an important role in clinicians’ CR. Moreover, the EMS community needs to develop suitable forums for discussing and developing these influencing factors across organizational hierarchies. Finally, clarification is needed on clinicians’ ‘room for action’ within their own organization but also with possible collaborators.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Ulf, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Situation awareness in Sweden’s emergency medical services : a goal-directed task analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Discover Health Systems. - 2731-7501. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Situation awareness is knowing what is going on in the situation. Clinicians working in the emergency medical services (EMS) encounter numerous situations in various conditions, and to be able to provide efficient and patient safe care they need to understand what is going on and possible projections of the current situation. The design of this study encompassed a Goal-Directed Task analysis where situation awareness information requirements were mapped in relation to goals related to various aspects of the EMS mission. A group of 30 EMS subject matter experts were recruited and answered a web-based survey in three rounds related to what they though themselves or a colleague might need to achieve situation awareness related to the specific goals of various situations. The answers were analysed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. Answers reached consensus at a predetermined level of 75%. Those who reached consensus were entered into the final goal-directed task analysis protocol. The findings presented that EMS clinicians must rely on their own, or their colleagues prior experience or knowledge to achieve situation awareness. This suggests that individual expertise plays a crucial role in developing situation awareness. There also seems to be limited support for situation awareness from organizational guidelines. Furthermore, achieving situation awareness also involves collaborative efforts from the individuals involved in the situation. These findings could add to the foundation for further investigation in this area which could contribute to the development of strategies and tools to enhance situation awareness among EMS clinicians, ultimately improving patient care and safety.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A 9-band WCDMA/EDGE transceiver supporting HSPA evolution
- 2011
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 0193-6530. ; , s. 366-368
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The future of cellular radio ICs lies in the integration of an ever-increasing number of bands and channel bandwidths. This paper presents a transceiver together with the associated discrete front-end components. The transceiver supports 4 EDGE bands and 9 WCDMA bands (l-VI and Vlll-X), while the radio can be configured to simultaneously support the 4 EDGE bands and up to 5 WCDMA bands: 3 high bands (HB) and 2 low bands (LB). The RX is a SAW-less homodyne composed of a main RX and a diversity RX. To reduce package complexity with so many bands, we chose to minimize the number of ports by using single-ended RF interfaces for both RX and TX. This saves seve ral package pins, but requires careful attention to grounding. The main RX has 8 LNA ports and the diversity RX has 5, with some LNAs supporting multiple bands. On the TX side, 2 ports are used for all EDGE bands and 4 for the WCDMA bands.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Ahlgren, Kerstin M, et al.
(författare)
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Lack of evidence for a role of islet autoimmunity in the aetiology of canine diabetes mellitus
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:8, s. e105473-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders in dogs and is commonly proposed to be of autoimmune origin. Although the clinical presentation of human type 1 diabetes (T1D) and canine diabetes are similar, the aetiologies may differ. The aim of this study was to investigate if autoimmune aetiology resembling human T1D is as prevalent in dogs as previously reported.METHODS:Sera from 121 diabetic dogs representing 40 different breeds were tested for islet cell antibodies (ICA) and GAD65 autoantibodies (GADA) and compared with sera from 133 healthy dogs. ICA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence using both canine and human frozen sections. GADA was detected by in vitro transcription and translation (ITT) of human and canine GAD65, followed by immune precipitation. Sections of pancreata from five diabetic dogs and two control dogs were examined histopathologically including immunostaining for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreas polypeptide.RESULTS:None of the canine sera analysed tested positive for ICA on sections of frozen canine or human ICA pancreas. However, serum from one diabetic dog was weakly positive in the canine GADA assay and serum from one healthy dog was weakly positive in the human GADA assay. Histopathology showed marked degenerative changes in endocrine islets, including vacuolisation and variable loss of immune-staining for insulin. No sign of inflammation was noted.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS:Contrary to previous observations, based on results from tests for humoral autoreactivity towards islet proteins using four different assays, and histopathological examinations, we do not find any support for an islet autoimmune aetiology in canine diabetes mellitus.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Nanosafety Approach Using Cell Painting, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Captures the Cellular and Molecular Phenotypes Induced by the Unintentionally Formed Metal-Based (Nano)Particles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI. - 2073-4409. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial 3D printing uses cutting-edge technologies and materials to produce a variety of complex products. However, the effects of the unintentionally emitted AM (nano)particles (AMPs) on human cells following inhalation, require further investigations. The physicochemical characterization of the AMPs, extracted from the filter of a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) 3D printer of iron-based materials, disclosed their complexity, in terms of size, shape, and chemistry. Cell Painting, a high-content screening (HCS) assay, was used to detect the subtle morphological changes elicited by the AMPs at the single cell resolution. The profiling of the cell morphological phenotypes, disclosed prominent concentration-dependent effects on the cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and the membranous structures of the cell. Furthermore, lipidomics confirmed that the AMPs induced the extensive membrane remodeling in the lung epithelial and macrophage co-culture cell model. To further elucidate the biological mechanisms of action, the targeted metabolomics unveiled several inflammation-related metabolites regulating the cell response to the AMP exposure. Overall, the AMP exposure led to the internalization, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton disruption, mitochondrial activation, membrane remodeling, and metabolic reprogramming of the lung epithelial cells and macrophages. We propose the approach of integrating Cell Painting with metabolomics and lipidomics, as an advanced nanosafety methodology, increasing the ability to capture the cellular and molecular phenotypes and the relevant biological mechanisms to the (nano)particle exposure.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Carl-Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A Genetic Variant of the Sortilin 1 Gene isAssociated with Reduced Risk ofAlzheimer's Disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 53:4, s. 1353-1363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder represented by the accumulation of intracellular tau protein and extracellular deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. The gene sortilin 1 (SORT1) has previously been associated with cardiovascular disease in gene association studies. It has also been proposed to be involved in AD pathogenesis through facilitating Aβ clearance by binding apoE/Aβ complexes prior to cellular uptake. However, the neuropathological role of SORT1 in AD is not fully understood. To evaluate the associations between gene variants of SORT1 and risk of AD, we performed genetic analyses in a Swedish case-control cohort. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), covering the whole SORT1 gene, were selected and genotyped in 620 AD patients and 1107 controls. The SNP rs17646665, located in a non-coding region of the SORT1 gene, remained significantly associated with decreased risk of AD after multiple testing (pc=0.0061). In addition, other SNPs were found to be nominally associated with risk of AD, as well as altered cognitive function and the CSF biomarker Aβ42, but these associations did not survive correction for multiple testing. The fact that SORT1 has been strongly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease is intriguing as cardiovascular disease is also regarded as a risk factor for AD. Finally, increased knowledge about SORT1 function has a potential to increase our understanding of APOE, the strongest risk factor for AD.
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| 16. |
- Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of Screen Printed Piezoelectric Sensors for Force Impact Sensing in Smart Multifunctional Glass Applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 1438-1656 .- 1527-2648. ; 24:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Screen printed piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride?trifluoro ethylene (PVDF?TrFE)-based sensors laminated between glass panes in the temperature range 80?110?°C are presented. No degradation of the piezoelectric signals is observed for the sensors laminated at 110?°C, despite approaching the Curie temperature of the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric sensors, here monitoring force impact in smart glass applications, are characterized by using a calibrated impact hammer system and standardized impact situations. Stand-alone piezoelectric sensors and piezoelectric sensors integrated on poly(methyl methacrylate) are also evaluated. The piezoelectric constants obtained from the measurements of the nonintegrated piezoelectric sensors are in good agreement with the literature. The piezoelectric sensor response is measured by using either physical electrical contacts between the piezoelectric sensors and the readout electronics, or wirelessly via both noncontact capacitive coupling and Bluetooth low-energy radio link. The developed sensor concept is finally demonstrated in smart window prototypes, in which integrated piezoelectric sensors are used to detect break-in attempts. Additionally, each prototype includes an electrochromic film to control the light transmittance of the window, a screen printed electrochromic display for status indications and wireless communication with an external server, and a holistic approach of hybrid printed electronic systems targeting smart multifunctional glass applications.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, G., et al.
(författare)
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Cyber-security of SCADA systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: 2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, ISGT 2012. - : IEEE. - 9781457721588 ; , s. 6175543-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- After a general introduction of the VIKING EU FP7 project two specific cyber-attack mechanisms, which have been analyzed in the VIKING project, will be discussed in more detail. Firstly an attack and its consequences on the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) in a power system are investigated, and secondly the cyber security of State Estimators in SCADA systems is scrutinized.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Apoptotic neutrophils augment the inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in human macrophages
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macrophages in the lung are the primary cells being infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during the initial manifestation of tuberculosis. Since the adaptive immune response to Mtb is delayed, innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils mount the early immune protection against this intracellular pathogen. Neutrophils are short-lived cells and removal of apoptotic cells by resident macrophages is a key event in the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. Since anti-inflammatory activity is not compatible with effective immunity to intracellular pathogens, we therefore investigated how uptake of apoptotic neutrophils modulates the function of Mtb-activated human macrophages. We show that Mtb infection exerts a potent proinflammatory activation of human macrophages with enhanced gene activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines and that this response was augmented by apoptotic neutrophils. The enhanced macrophage response is linked to apoptotic neutrophil-driven activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent IL-1β signalling. We also demonstrate that apoptotic neutrophils not only modulate the inflammatory response, but also enhance the capacity of infected macrophages to control intracellular growth of virulent Mtb. Taken together, these results suggest a novel role for apoptotic neutrophils in the modulation of the macrophage-dependent inflammatory response contributing to the early control of Mtb infection.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Henrik C.M., et al.
(författare)
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Creep crackgrowth in ex service weld metal of 0.5CrMoV
- 1999
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Ingår i: Cape 99.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate assessment of the integrity of high temperature components will be of ever increasing importance. The reason for this is that many power plants have reached and exceeded their design life and the number of detected defects increases. This is accentuated by the improvement of the methods for non-destructive testing which means that more and smaller defects will be detected. The possibility to assess the influence of defects on the integrity of high temperature components, will be of vital importance to maintain safe and cost effective power plants. The aim of the present work is to increase the understanding of the influence of service exposure on the remaining life of components in a high temperature plant. The investigation aims to creep test exserviceweld material, 14MoV 6 3, from a Swedish power plant. Thematerial has been in service for a period of about 80 000 hours at atemperature of 530-540 °C and with a nominal hoop stress of 52MPa.Both uniaxial and compact tension creep tests have been performedat a temperature of 550 °C. The stress range used was between 130MPa and 170 MPa for the uniaxial creep tests. For the creep crack growth tests the reference stress was ranging between 122 MPa and146 MPa. A remaining life assessment according to the R5 procedure is included, where material data from the present experimental study is used. The analysis suggests that a defect or a crack with a depth of 2 mm and a length of 5 mm can be left unattended for a season of service under the condition that the service parameters are not changed. A comparison with the assessment of cracks, found in the same plant as the material for the experimental studies came from, and their known extension during service, is included. A parametric study where load level and type of initial defect/crack are varied is also included.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Henrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation in Virtual World to Promote Communication
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pre-hospital care- Education and training of ambulance professionals. - Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction Communication between ambulance professionals and patients is essential for understanding the patient's lifeworld (Wireklint Sundström & Dahlberg 2010). Simultaneously, communication is challenging to teach and learn within the framework of specific courses. However, simulation in virtual worlds can support the development of new skills such as communication (Combs, Sokolowski & Banks 2016). AimThe aim of this work was to design a simulation-based platform for communication training among ambulance nurse students (ANS). MethodsA qualitative action research approach was used (Coghlan & Casey 2001). Second Life® (SL) was selected since it was an existing virtual world. SL is a web-based flexible three-dimensional platform that allows customization. Interaction and communication with other virtual people can be done through avatars in real time (Hodge, Collins & Giordano 2011). Three ANS and five teachers participated, none of the participants had prior experience of SL. Observations and interviews were used as data and analysed using thematic analysis. Results The participants’ experiences generated three themes: Understanding the virtual worldIt was easy to interact and communicate with other virtual people. However, it took time to feel comfortable to navigate in SL. Technological challengesOne challenge was related to audio-visual problems e.g. not compatible headset, interfering echoes and that the image was distorted at times, which made it difficult to act and move the avatar. Another challenge was associated with the 3D modelling e.g. the capability to use of coordinates, positioning, object dimensioning and the fact that accidental deletions could not be restored. A third challenges that influenced the communication was the difficulty of visualizing clinically relevant care measures such as diagnostic examinations or drug treatment. Finally, there was a challenge to customize the avatars to look like ambulance professionals or a severely ill patient. Learning through avatars Learning through avatars requires that the participants take responsibility for delivering a convincing performance. Immersion was limited since actions do not take place from a first-person viewpoint. There is a need that the scenario is based on realistic conditions e.g. interiors, equipment, clothing, avatar appearance and behaviour. Conclusion The present system is not suitable for training of medical assessment. Teachers who are considering using virtual worlds in the training for future ambulance professionals should note that an appropriate design is crucial for how the simulation is experienced.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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T A microarray analysis of the murine macrophage response to infection with Francisella tularensis LVS
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-2615 .- 1473-5644. ; 55:8, s. 1023-1033
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The response of cells of the mouse macrophage cell line J774 to infection with Francisella tularensis LVS was analysed by means of a DNA microarray representing approximately 18 500 genes (20 600 clones). The adaptive response was modest at all time points, and at most, 81 clones were differentially regulated from the time point of uptake of bacteria (0 min) up to 240 min later. For all five time points, 229 clones fulfilled the criteria of being differentially regulated, i.e. the ratio between infected versus non-infected cells was at least 1.7-fold up- or down-regulated and P <0.05. It was found that many of the differentially regulated genes are known to respond to stress in general and to oxidative stress specifically. However, at 120 min it was observed that genes that lead to depletion of glutathione were upregulated. Possibly, this was a result of mechanisms induced by F. tularensis. Generally, there was a conspicuous lack of inflammatory responses and, for example, although tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was upregulated at 0 min, a significant down-regulation was noted at all subsequent time points. When cells were treated with an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), the infection-induced cytopathogenic effect was significantly inhibited. Together, the results suggest that F. tularensis LVS infection confers an oxidative stress upon the target cells and that many of the host-defence mechanisms appear to be intended to counteract this stress. The infection is characterized by a very modest inflammatory response.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Using optimization to provide decision support for strategic emergency medical service planning - Three case studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Informatics. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 1386-5056 .- 1872-8243. ; 133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve high performing emergency medical services (EMS), planning is of vital importance. EMS planners face several challenges when managing ambulance stations and the fleet of ambulances. In this paper, three strategic cases for EMS planners are presented together with potential solutions. In the first case, the effects of closing down a local emergency room (ER) are analyzed together with how adding an ambulance station and an ambulance to the area affected by the closing of the ER can be used to mitigate the negative consequences from the closing. The second case investigates a change in the organization of EMS. Currently, many non-urgent transport assignments are performed by ambulances which make them unavailable for more urgent calls. The potential for a more effective utilization of the ambulances is explored through transferring these assignments to designated transport vehicles. The third case is more technical and challenges the common practice regarding how time dependent demand is handled. Looking at the busiest hour or the average daily demand, is compared with taking time varying demand into account. The cases and solutions are studied using a recently developed strategic ambulance station location and ambulance allocation model for the Maximum Expected Performance Location Problem with Heterogeneous Regions (MEPLP-HR). The model has been extended to also include multiple time periods. This article demonstrates an innovative use of the model and how it can be applied to find and evaluate solutions to real cases within the field of strategic planning of EMS. The model is found to be a useful decision support tool when analyzing the cases and the expected performance of potential solutions.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Morgan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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New Swedish forensic psychiatric facilities: visions and outcomes.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Facilities. - : Emerald. - 0263-2772 .- 1758-7131. ; 31:1/2, s. 24-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to map significant features of the physical design of nine recently planned facilities for forensic psychiatric care in Sweden. The present paper is focused on differences in the physical design, static security adaptations, visions and goals for the projects, economy and steering processes. Design/methodology/approach – In June 2008, records concerning major forensic psychiatric construction projects, planned or carried out between 1970 and 2008, were requested from all 21 regions in Sweden. The documents were collected, organized, critically examined, and analyzed in their contexts. Extensive data have also been retrieved from the internet. Findings – In spite of the common national legislation governing forensic psychiatric care, the projects show great diversity in the physical design and, after 2006, increasing emphasis on static security. The collected material indicates different visions and goals and little coordination between them. It also suggests that the decisions rarely have been preceded by scientific studies or, as it appears, systematic needs assessments. There were also considerable variations in the interpretation of the legislation stipulating public access to official documentation and the time-frame allowed for such requests. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of the project especially relate to the incompleteness of the documents received. Originality/value – This mainly descriptive paper provides an overview of contemporary Swedish forensic psychiatric construction projects, planned for or realized after 2000. This paper points out structural and physical differences between these projects. The systematised documents are made available for research purposes within different disciplines.
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Peter, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Correction for dynamic bias error in transmission measurements of void fraction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 83:12, s. 125110-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic bias errors occur in transmission measurements, such as X-ray, gamma, or neutron radiography or tomography. This is observed when the properties of the object are not stationary in time and its average properties are assessed. The nonlinear measurement response to changes in transmission within the time scale of the measurement implies a bias, which can be difficult to correct for. A typical example is the tomographic or radiographic mapping of void content in dynamic two-phase flow systems. In this work, the dynamic bias error is described and a method to make a first-order correction is derived. A prerequisite for this method is variance estimates of the system dynamics, which can be obtained using high-speed, time-resolved data acquisition. However, in the absence of such acquisition, a priori knowledge might be used to substitute the time resolved data. Using synthetic data, a void fraction measurement case study has been simulated to demonstrate the performance of the suggested method. The transmission length of the radiation in the object under study and the type of fluctuation of the void fraction have been varied. Significant decreases in the dynamic bias error were achieved to the expense of marginal decreases in precision.
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Peter, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Design and initial 1D radiography tests of the FANTOM mobile fast-neutron radiography and tomography system
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 756, s. 82-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The FANTOM system is a tabletop sized fast-neutron radiography and tomography system newly developed at the Applied Nuclear Physics Division of Uppsala University. The main purpose of the system is to provide time-averaged steam-and-water distribution measurement capability inside the metallic structures of two-phase test loops for Light Water Reactor thermal-hydraulic studies using a portable fusion neutron generator. The FANTOM system provides a set of 1D neutron transmission data, which may be inserted into tomographic reconstruction algorithms to achieve a 2D mapping of the steam-and-water distribution. In this paper, the selected design of FANTOM is described and motivated. The detector concept is based on plastic scintillator elements, separated for spatial resolution. Analysis of pulse heights on an event-to-event basis is used for energy discrimination. Although the concept allows for close stacking of a large number of detector elements, this demonstrator is equipped with only three elements in the detector and one additional element for monitoring the yield from the neutron generator. The first measured projections on test objects of known configurations are presented. These were collected using a Sodern Genie 16 neutron generator with an isotropic yield of about 1E8 neutrons per second, and allowed for characterization of the instrument’s capabilities. At an energy threshold of 10 MeV, the detector offered a count rate of about 500 cps per detector element. The performance in terms of spatial resolution was validated by fitting a Gaussian Line Spread Function to the experimental data, a procedure that revealed a spatial unsharpness in good agreement with the predicted FWHM of 0.5 mm.
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| 28. |
- Andersson, Peter, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Neutron tomography of axially symmetric objects using 14 MeV neutrons from a portable neutron generator
- 2014
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 85:8, s. 085109-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In nuclear boiling water reactor cores, the distribution of water and steam (void) is essential for both safety and efficiency reasons. In order to enhance predictive capabilities, void distribution assessment is performed in two-phase test-loops under reactor-relevant conditions. This article proposes the novel technique of fast-neutron tomography using a portable deuterium-tritium neutron generator to determine the void distribution in these loops.Fast neutrons have the advantage of high transmission through the metallic structures and pipes typically concealing a thermal-hydraulic test loop, while still being fairly sensitive to the water/void content. However, commercially available fast-neutron generators also have the disadvantage of a relatively low yield and fast-neutron detection also suffers from relatively low detection efficiency. Fortunately, some loops are axially symmetric, a property which can be exploited to reduce the amount of data needed for tomographic measurement, thus limiting the interrogation time needed.In this article, three axially-symmetric test objects depicting a thermal-hydraulic test loop have been examined; steel pipes with outer diameter 24 mm, thickness 1.5 mm and with three different distributions of the plastic material POM inside the pipes. Data recorded with the FANTOM fast-neutron tomography instrument have been used to perform tomographic reconstructions to assess their radial material distribution. Here, a dedicated tomographic algorithm that exploits the symmetry of these objects has been applied, which is described in the paper.Results are demonstrated in 20 rixel (radial pixel) reconstructions of the interior constitution and 2D visualization of the pipe interior is demonstrated. The local POM attenuation coefficients in the rixels were measured with errors (RMS) of 0.025, 0.020 and 0.022 cm-1, solid POM attenuation coefficient. The accuracy and precision is high enough to provide a useful indication on the flow mode, and a visualization of the radial material distribution can be obtained. A benefit of this system is its potential to be mounted at any axial height of a two-phase test section without requirements for pre-fabricated entrances or windows. This could mean a significant increase in flexibility of the void distribution assessment capability at many existing two-phase test loops.
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Peter, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Neutron Tomography Using Mobile Neutron Generators for Assessment of Void Distributions in Thermal Hydraulic Test Loops
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detailed knowledge of the lateral distribution of steam (void) and water in a nuclear fuel assembly is of great value for nuclear reactor operators and fuel manufacturers, with consequences for both reactor safety and economy of operation. Therefore, nuclear relevant two-phase flows are being studied at dedicated thermal-hydraulic test loop, using twophase flow systems ranging from simplified geometries such as heated circular pipes to full scale mock-ups of nuclear fuel assemblies. Neutron tomography (NT) has been suggested for assessment of the lateral distribution of steam and water in such test loops, motivated by a good ability of neutrons to penetrate the metallic structures of metal pipes and nuclear fuel rod mock-ups, as compared to e. g. conventional X-rays, while the liquid water simultaneously gives comparatively good contrast. However, these stationary test loops require the measurement setup to be mobile, which is often not the case for NT setups. Here, it is acknowledged that fast neutrons of 14 MeV from mobile neutron generators constitute a viable option for a mobile NT system. We present details of the development of neutron tomography for this purpose at the division of Applied Nuclear Physics at Uppsala University. Our concept contains a portable neutron generator, exploiting the fusion reaction of deuterium and tritium, and a detector with plastic scintillator elements designed to achieve adequate spatial and energy resolution, all mounted in a light-weight frame without collimators or bulky moderation to allow for a mobile instrument that can be moved about the stationary thermal hydraulic test sections. The detector system stores event-to-event pulse-height information to allow for discrimination based on the energy deposition in the scintillator elements. Experimental results from the tomographic assessment of axially symmetric test objects are shown, as well as simulation results from a scaled up version of the instrument for nonsymmetrical objects in quarter fuel-bundle size objects. In conclusion, the application of tomography on inch-wide vertical pipes has been experimentally demonstrated and simulation results indicate that tomography of the void distribution in nonsymmetrical vertical flows in quarter BWR fuel bundles is also feasible.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Andersson Sundén, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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An assessment of nitrogen concentrations from spectroscopic measurements in the JET and ASDEX upgrade divertor
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Materials and Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1791. ; 18, s. 147-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impurity concentration in the tokamak divertor plasma is a necessary input for predictive scaling of divertor detachment, however direct measurements from existing tokamaks in different divertor plasma conditions are limited. To address this, we have applied a recently developed spectroscopic N II line ratio technique for measuring the N concentration in the divertor to a range of H-mode and L-mode plasma from the ASDEX Upgrade and JET tokamaks, respectively. The results from both devices show that as the power crossing the separatrix, P-sep, is increased under otherwise similar core conditions (e.g. density), a higher N concentration is required to achieve the same detachment state. For example, the N concentrations at the start of detachment increase from approximate to 2% to approximate to 9% as P-sep, is increased from approximate to 2.5 MW to approximate to 7 MW. These results tentatively agree with scaling law predictions (e.g. Goldston et al.) motivating a further study examining the parameters which affect the N concentration required to reach detachment. Finally, the N concentrations from spectroscopy and the ratio of D and N gas valve fluxes agree within experimental uncertainty only when the vessel surfaces are fully-loaded with N.
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| 32. |
- Angioni, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Dependence of the turbulent particle flux on hydrogen isotopes induced by collisionality
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physics of Plasmas. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1070-664X .- 1089-7674 .- 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 25:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of the change of the mass of hydrogen isotopes on the turbulent particle flux is studied. The trapped electron component of the turbulent particle convection induced by collisionality, which is outward in ion temperature gradient turbulence, increases with decreasing thermal velocity of the isotope. Thereby, the lighter is the isotope, the stronger is the turbulent pinch, and the larger is the predicted density gradient at the null of the particle flux. The passing particle component of the flux increases with decreasing mass of the isotope and can also affect the predicted density gradient. This effect is however subdominant for usual core plasma parameters. The analytical results are confirmed by means of both quasi-linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations, and an estimate of the difference in local density gradient produced by this effect as a function of collisionality has been obtained for typical plasma parameters at mid-radius. Analysis of currently available experimental data from the JET and the ASDEX Upgrade tokamaks does not show any clear and general evidence of inconsistency with this theoretically predicted effect outside the errorbars and also allows the identification of cases providing weak evidence of qualitative consistency.
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| 33. |
- Axelsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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The Early Chain of Care in Patients with Bacteraemia with the Emphasis on the Prehospital Setting
- 2016
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Ingår i: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1049-023X .- 1945-1938. ; 31:3, s. 272-277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lack of knowledge about the early phase of severe infection. This report describes the early chain of care in bacteraemia as follows: (a) compare patients who were and were not transported by the Emergency Medical Services (EMS); (b) describe various aspects of the EMS chain; and (c) describe factors of importance for the delay to the start of intravenous antibiotics. It was hypothesized that, for patients with suspected sepsis judged by the EMS clinician, the delay until the onset of antibiotic treatment would be shorter.All patients in the Municipality of Gothenburg (Sweden) with a positive blood culture, when assessed at the Laboratory of Bacteriology in the Municipality of Gothenburg, from February 1 through April 30, 2012 took part in the survey.In all, 696 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Their mean age was 76 years and 52% were men. Of all patients, 308 (44%) had been in contact with the EMS and/or the emergency department (ED). Of these 308 patients, 232 (75%) were transported by the EMS and 188 (61%) had “true pathogens” in blood cultures. Patients who were transported by the EMS were older, included more men, and suffered from more severe symptoms and signs.The EMS nurse suspected sepsis in only six percent of the cases. These patients had a delay from arrival at hospital until the start of antibiotics of one hour and 19 minutes versus three hours and 21 minutes among the remaining patients (P =.0006). The corresponding figures for cases with “true pathogens” were one hour and 19 minutes versus three hours and 15 minutes (P =.009).Among patients with bacteraemia, 75% used the EMS, and these patients were older, included more men, and suffered from more severe symptoms and signs. The EMS nurse suspected sepsis in six percent of cases. Regardless of whether or not patients with true pathogens were isolated, a suspicion of sepsis by the EMS clinician at the scene was associated with a shorter delay to the start of antibiotic treatment.
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| 34. |
- Barth, Maren S., et al.
(författare)
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Emergency exit layout planning using optimization and agent-based simulation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Computational Management Science. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 1619-697X .- 1619-6988. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evacuation preparedness includes ensuring proper infrastructure, resources and planning for moving people from a dangerous area to safety. This is especially important and challenging during mass gatherings, such as large concerts. In this paper, we present the Emergency Exit Layout Problem (EELP) which is the problem of locating a given number of emergency exits and deciding their width such that the time it takes to evacuate the crowd from an arena is minimized. The EELP takes into account the geography of the arena and its surroundings, as well as the number of pedestrians in the crowd and the distribution of these within the arena. The EELP is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed integer linear program to handle the uncertainty related to the location of the possible incidents and the distribution of the pedestrians. Two cases are studied, a large concert planned at the Leangen trotting track in Trondheim and a smaller indoor arena. For each case, the EELP is solved for different scenarios, and the suggested layouts are evaluated using an agent-based simulation model. In particular, the potential of incorporating detailed assessment regarding the location and probability of specific incidents and the distribution of pedestrians are investigated. The computational study shows that making a more detailed risk assessment has little effect on the large concert, but a significant impact on the location of the emergency exits for the smaller indoor case. The results also indicate that it is more important to consider the location and probability of specific incidents rather than the pedestrian distribution.
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| 35. |
- Bjerg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Shorter time to clinical decision in work-related asthma using a digital tool
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ERJ open research. - Lausanne, Switzerland : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 6:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PEF curves are a useful but cumbersome tool in diagnosing work-related asthma. Using a digital spirometer and smartphone app, time to clinical decision could be shortened by 6-7 weeks. Physician's time spent analysing PEF data is also shortened.
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| 36. |
- Bobkov, V, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of ICRF on the scrape-off layer and on plasma wall interactions : From present experiments to fusion reactor
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Materials and Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1791. ; 18, s. 131-140
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent achievements in studies of the effects of ICRF (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies) power on the SOL (Scrape-Off Layer) and PWI (Plasma Wall Interactions) in ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), Alcator C-Mod, and JET-ILW are reviewed. Capabilities to diagnose and model the effect of DC biasing and associated impurity production at active antennas and on magnetic field connections to antennas are described. The experiments show that ICRF near-fields can lead not only to E x B convection, but also to modifications of the SOL density, which for Alcator C-Mod are limited to a narrow region near antenna. On the other hand, the SOL density distribution along with impurity sources can be tailored using local gas injection in AUG and JET-ILW with a positive effect on reduction of impurity sources. The technique of RF image current cancellation at antenna limiters was successfully applied in AUG using the 3-strap AUG antenna and extended to the 4-strap Alcator C-Mod field-aligned antenna. Multiple observations confirmed the reduction of the impact of ICRF on the SOL and on total impurity production when the ratio of the power of the central straps to the total antenna power is in the range 0.6 < P-cen / P-total < 0.8. Near-field calculations indicate that this fairly robust technique can be applied to the ITER ICRF antenna, enabling the mode of operation with reduced PWI. On the contrary, for the A2 antenna in JET-ILW the technique is hindered by RF sheaths excited at the antenna septum. Thus, in order to reduce the effect of ICRF power on PWI in a future fusion reactor, the antenna design has to be optimized along with design of plasmafacing components.
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| 37. |
- Bombarda, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Runaway electron beam control
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 61:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 38. |
- Bonanomi, N., et al.
(författare)
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Role of fast ion pressure in the isotope effect in JET L-mode plasmas
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 59:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents results of JET ITER-like wall L-mode experiments in hydrogen and deuterium (D) plasmas, dedicated to the study of the isotope dependence of ion heat transport by determination of the ion critical gradient and stiffness by varying the ion cyclotron resonance heating power deposition. When no strong role of fast ions in the plasma core is expected, the main difference between the two isotope plasmas is determined by the plasma edge and the core behavior is consistent with a gyro-Bohm scaling. When the heating power (and the fast ion pressure) is increased, in addition to the difference in the edge region, also the plasma core shows substantial changes. The stabilization of ion heat transport by fast ions, clearly visible in D plasmas, appears to be weaker in H plasmas, resulting in a higher ion heat flux in H with apparent anti-gyro-Bohm mass scaling. The difference is found to be caused by the different fast ion pressure between H and D plasmas, related to the heating power settings and to the different fast ion slowing down time, and is completely accounted for in non-linear gyrokinetic simulations. The application of the TGLF quasi-linear model to this set of data is also discussed.
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| 39. |
- Bravenec, R., et al.
(författare)
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Benchmarking the GENE and GYRO codes through the relative roles of electromagnetic and E x B stabilization in JET high-performance discharges
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 58:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations using the GENE code have previously predicted a significant nonlinear enhanced electromagnetic stabilization in certain JET discharges with high neutral-beam power and low core magnetic shear (Citrin et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 155001, 2015 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 57 014032). This dominates over the impact of E x B flow shear in these discharges. Furthermore, fast ions were shown to be a major contributor to the electromagnetic stabilization. These conclusions were based on results from the GENE gyrokinetic turbulence code. In this work we verify these results using the GYRO code. Comparing results (linear frequencies, eigenfunctions, and nonlinear fluxes) from different gyrokinetic codes as a means of verification (benchmarking) is only convincing if the codes agree for more than one discharge. Otherwise, agreement may simply be fortuitous. Therefore, we analyze three discharges, all with a carbon wall: a simplified, two-species, circular geometry case based on an actual JET discharge; an L-mode discharge with a significant fast-ion pressure fraction; and a low-triangularity high-beta hybrid discharge. All discharges were analyzed at normalized toroidal flux coordinate rho = 0.33 where significant ion temperature peaking is observed. The GYRO simulations support the conclusion that electromagnetic stabilization is strong, and dominates E x B shear stabilization.
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| 40. |
- Bremer, Anders, Docent, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Translation and further validation of a global rating scale for the assessment of clinical competence in prehospital emergency care
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nurse Education in Practice. - : Elsevier. - 1471-5953 .- 1873-5223. ; 47:August, s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global rating scales are useful to assess clinical competence at a general level based on specific word dimensions. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Paramedic Global Rating Scale, and to contribute validity evidence and instrument usefulness in training results and clinical competence assessments of students undergoing training to become ambulance nurses and paramedics at Swedish and Finnish universities. The study included translation, expert review and inter-rater reliability (IRR) tests. The scale was translated and culturally adapted to clinical and educational settings in both countries. A content validity index (CVI) was calculated using eight experts. IRR tests were performed with five registered nurses working as university lecturers, and with six clinicians working as ambulance nurses. They individually rated the same simulated ambulance assignment. Based on the ratings IRR was calculated with intra-class correlation (ICC). The scale showed excellent CVI for items and scale. The ICC indicated substantial agreement in the group of lecturers and a high degree of agree- ment in the group of clinicians. This study provides validity evidence for a Swedish version of the scale, sup- porting its use in measuring clinical competence among students undergoing training to become ambulance nurses and paramedics.
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| 41. |
- Brugés Martelo, Javier Mauricio, et al.
(författare)
-
Surface topography characterization of high-quality PE coated paperboard using confocal chromatic microscope and 3D SEM stereo-photogrammetry technique
- 2017
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coating paperboard enhances printability and optical quality of the product as well as other important properties like packaging performance and shelf-life. To obtain high quality products a quality control of the manufacturing process requires identifying those manufacturing parameters that affect it. Roughness measurement and characterization of coating thickness are examples of these control parameters. Optical instruments measuring these quantities range from laboratory equipment to in-line and on-line sensors. However, the variety of instruments and sometimes misunderstanding of their limitations generate uncorrelated measurements, which are no longer valid to their comparison. The new ISO 25178 standard for surface texture provides guidelines to metrologists to address some this problem. Here, we report a case study for surface characterization of high quality printing polyethylene (PE) coated paperboard for high quality printing, where surface roughness is a key parameter. Two imaging methods to create topographic measurements will be compared, i.e. a confocal chromatic microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). For the latter, stereo photogrammetry is used and 3D topographic profiles are obtained from Alicona MeX software. Leach and Haitjema [Leach, R., & Haitjema, H. (2010). Bandwidth characteristics and comparisons of surface texture measuring instruments. Measurement Science and Technology, 21(3), 032001] addressed the topic on how to design comparisons when using different instruments for areal texture measurement. We use their bandwidth matching concept, since it provides an extension to the ISO 25178 guidelines, ensuring that the instrumentation used to characterize the samples are within its measuring limits and further analysis of the results can be correlated. It is important to adopt a good metrology practice in order to translate these parameters into our future work. We expect to extend these findings into a real-time optical sensor, which later can be implemented in an industrial manufacturing environment for high optical quality paper and paperboard.
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| 42. |
- Cannas, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Recurrence Plots for Dynamic Analysis of Type-I ELMs at JET With a Carbon Wall
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0093-3813 .- 1939-9375. ; 47:4, s. 1871-1877
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of type-I edge-localized modes (ELM) time series from the JET tokamak, the world's largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment, have been investigated through recurrence plots (RPs). The analysis has been focused on RPs of pedestal temperature, line averaged electron density, and outer divertor D-alpha time series during experiments with a carbon wall. The analysis of RPS shows the patterns similar to those characteristics of signals exhibiting type-2 intermittency, in particular, a characteristic kite-like shape; this gives useful hints to model the temperature signal as well as the D-alpha radiation time series, with simple nonlinear maps capturing the nearly periodic behavior of type-I ELMs.
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| 43. |
- Carvalho, D. D., et al.
(författare)
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Deep neural networks for plasma tomography with applications to JET and COMPASS
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1748-0221. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have found applications in many image processing tasks, such as feature extraction, image classification, and object recognition. It has also been shown that the inverse of CNNs, so-called deconvolutional neural networks, can be used for inverse problems such as plasma tomography. In essence, plasma tomography consists in reconstructing the 2D plasma profile on a poloidal cross-section of a fusion device, based on line-integrated measurements from multiple radiation detectors. Since the reconstruction process is computationally intensive, a deconvolutional neural network trained to produce the same results will yield a significant computational speedup, at the expense of a small error which can be assessed using different metrics. In this work, we discuss the design principles behind such networks, including the use of multiple layers, how they can be stacked, and how their dimensions can be tuned according to the number of detectors and the desired tomographic resolution for a given fusion device. We describe the application of such networks at JET and COMPASS, where at JET we use the bolometer system, and at COMPASS we use the soft X-ray diagnostic based on photodiode arrays.
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| 44. |
- Chankin, A. , V, et al.
(författare)
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EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations of the influence of isotope effects and anomalous transport coefficients on near scrape-off layer radial electric field
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 61:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EDGE2D-EIRENE (the 'code') simulations show that radial electric field, Er, in the near scrape-off layer (SOL) of tokamaks can have large variations leading to a strong local E x B shear greatly exceeding that in the core region. This was pointed out in simulations of JET plasmas with varying divertor geometry, where the magnetic configuration with larger predicted near SOL E-r was found to have lower H-mode power threshold, suggesting that turbulence suppression in the SOL by local E. x. B shear can be a player in the L-H transition physics (Delabie et al 2015 42nd EPS Conf. on Plasma Physics (Lisbon, Portugal, 22-26 June 2015) paper O3.113 (http://ocs.ciemat.es/EPS2015PAP/pdf/O3.113.pdf), Chankin et al 2017 Nucl. Mater. Energy 12 273). Further code modeling of JET plasmas by changing hydrogen isotopes (H-D-T) showed that the magnitude of the near SOL E-r is lower in H cases in which the H-mode threshold power is higher (Chankin et al 2017 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 59 045012). From the experiment it is also known that hydrogen plasmas have poorer particle and energy confinement than deuterium plasmas, consistent with the code simulation results showing larger particle diffusion coefficients at the plasma edge, including SOL, in hydrogen plasmas (Maggi et al 2018 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 60 014045). All these experimental observations and code results support the hypothesis that the near SOL E x B shear can have an impact on the plasma confinement. The present work analyzes neutral ionization patterns of JET plasmas with different hydrogen isotopes in L-mode cases with fixed input power and gas puffing rate, and its impact on target electron temperature, T-e, and SOL E-r. The possibility of a self-feeding mechanism for the increase in the SOL E-r via the interplay between poloidal E x B drift and target T-e is discussed. It is also shown that reducing anomalous turbulent transport coefficients, particle diffusion and electron and ion heat conductivities, leads to higher peak target T-e and larger E-r, suggesting the possibility of a positive feedback loop, under an implicitly made assumption that the E x B shear in the SOL is capable of suppressing turbulence.
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| 45. |
- Chew, Michelle S., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of myocardial injury using perioperative troponin surveillance in major noncardiac surgery and net benefit over the Revised Cardiac Risk Index
- 2022
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Anaesthesia. - : Elsevier. - 0007-0912 .- 1471-6771. ; 128:1, s. 26-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with perioperative myocardial injury are at risk of death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The primary aim of this study was to determine optimal thresholds of preoperative and perioperative changes in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) to predict MACCE and mortality.METHODS: Prospective, observational, cohort study in patients ≥50 yr of age undergoing elective major noncardiac surgery at seven hospitals in Sweden. The exposures were hs-cTnT measured before and days 0-3 after surgery. Two previously published thresholds for myocardial injury and two thresholds identified using receiver operating characteristic analyses were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models and externally validated. The weighted comparison net benefit method was applied to determine the additional value of hs-cTnT thresholds when compared with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). The primary outcome was a composite of 30-day all-cause mortality and MACCE.RESULTS: We included 1291 patients between April 2017 and December 2020. The primary outcome occurred in 124 patients (9.6%). Perioperative increase in hs-cTnT ≥14 ng L-1 above preoperative values provided statistically optimal model performance and was associated with the highest risk for the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.8-4.7). Validation in an independent, external cohort confirmed these findings. A net benefit over RCRI was demonstrated across a range of clinical thresholds.CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative increases in hsTnT ≥14 ng L-1 above baseline values identifies acute perioperative myocardial injury and provides a net prognostic benefit when added to RCRI for the identification of patients at high risk of death and MACCE.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03436238.
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| 46. |
- Craciunescu, Teddy, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of reconstruction errors and identification of artefacts for JET gamma and neutron tomography
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 87:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Joint European Torus (JET) neutron profile monitor ensures 2D coverage of the gamma and neutron emissive region that enables tomographic reconstruction. Due to the availability of only two projection angles and to the coarse sampling, tomographic inversion is a limited data set problem. Several techniques have been developed for tomographic reconstruction of the 2-D gamma and neutron emissivity on JET, but the problem of evaluating the errors associated with the reconstructed emissivity profile is still open. The reconstruction technique based on the maximum likelihood principle, that proved already to be a powerful tool for JET tomography, has been used to develop a method for the numerical evaluation of the statistical properties of the uncertainties in gamma and neutron emissivity reconstructions. The image covariance calculation takes into account the additional techniques introduced in the reconstruction process for tackling with the limited data set (projection resampling, smoothness regularization depending on magnetic field). The method has been validated by numerically simulations and applied to JET data. Different sources of artefacts that may significantly influence the quality of reconstructions and the accuracy of variance calculation have been identified.
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| 47. |
- Danielsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Exploration of human, rat, and rabbit embryonic cardiomyocytes suggests K-channel block as a common teratogenic mechanism
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B. - 0008-6363 .- 1755-3245. ; 97:1, s. 23-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several drugs blocking the rapidly activating potassium (K-r) channel cause malformations (including cardiac defects) and embryonic death in animal teratology studies. In humans, these drugs have an established risk for acquired long-QT syndrome and arrhythmia. Recently, associations between cardiac defects and spontaneous abortions have been reported for drugs widely used in pregnancy (e.g. antidepressants), with long-QT syndrome risk. To investigate whether a common embryonic adverse-effect mechanism exists in the human, rat, and rabbit embryos, we made a comparative study of embryonic cardiomyocytes from all three species. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanPatch-clamp and quantitative-mRNA measurements of K-r and slowly activating K (K-s) channels were performed on human, rat, and rabbit primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac samples from different embryo-foetal stages. The K-r channel was present when the heart started to beat in all species, but was, in contrast to human and rabbit, lost in rats in late organogenesis. The specific K-r-channel blocker E-4031 prolonged the action potential in a species- and development-dependent fashion, consistent with the observed K-r-channel expression pattern and reported sensitive periods of developmental toxicity. E-4031 also increased the QT interval and induced 2:1 atrio-ventricular block in multi-electrode array electrographic recordings of rat embryos. The K-s channel was expressed in human and rat throughout the embryo-foetal period but not in rabbit. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThis first comparison of mRNA expression, potassium currents, and action-potential characteristics, with and without a specific K-r-channel blocker in human, rat, and rabbit embryos provides evidence of K-r-channel inhibition as a common mechanism for embryonic malformations and death.
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| 48. |
- Danielsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The face you recognize may not be the one you saw : Memory conjunction errors in individuals with or without learning disability
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 47:3, s. 177-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Memory conjunction errors, that is, when a combination of two previously presented stimuli is erroneously recognized as previously having been seen, were investigated in a face recognition task with drawings and photographs in 23 individuals with learning disability, and 18 chronologically age-matched controls without learning disability. Compared to the controls, individuals with learning disability committed significantly more conjunction errors, feature errors (one old and one new component), but had lower correct recognition, when the results were adjusted for different guessing levels. A dual-processing approach gained more support than a binding approach. However, neither of the approaches could explain all of the results. The results of the learning disability group were only partly related to non-verbal intelligence.
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| 49. |
- Denis, J., et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic modelling of local fuel inventory and desorption in the whole tokamak vacuum vessel for auto-consistent plasma-wall interaction simulations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Materials and Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1791. ; 19, s. 550-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An extension of the SolEdge2D-EIRENE code package, named D-WEE, has been developed to add the dynamics of thermal desorption of hydrogen isotopes from the surface of plasma facing materials. To achieve this purpose, D-WEE models hydrogen isotopes implantation, transport and retention in those materials. Before launching autoconsistent simulation (with feedback of D-WEE on SolEdge2D-EIRENE), D-WEE has to be initialised to ensure a realistic wall behaviour in terms of dynamics (pumping or fuelling areas) and fuel content. A methodology based on modelling is introduced to perform such initialisation. A synthetic plasma pulse is built from consecutive SolEdge2D-EIRENE simulations. This synthetic pulse is used as a plasma background for the D-WEE module. A sequence of plasma pulses is simulated with D-WEE to model a tokamak operation. This simulation enables to extract at a desired time during a pulse the local fuel inventory and the local desorption flux density which could be used as initial condition for coupled plasma-wall simulations. To assess the relevance of the dynamic retention behaviour obtained in the simulation, a confrontation to post-pulse experimental pressure measurement is performed. Such confrontation reveals a qualitative agreement between the temporal pressure drop obtained in the simulation and the one observed experimentally. The simulated dynamic retention during the consecutive pulses is also studied.
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| 50. |
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