| 1. |
- Blumenthal, Barbara, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
A GIS-based multivariate approach to identify flood damage affecting factors
- 2024
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates causal factors leading to pluvial flood damages, beside rainfall amount and intensity, in two Swedish cities. Observed flood damage data from a Swedish insurance database, collected under 13 years, and a set of spatial data, describing topography, demography, land cover and building type were analyzed through principal component analysis (PCA). The topographic wetness index (TWI) is the only investigated variable that indicates a significant relationship with to the number and amount of insurance damage. The Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.68 for the number of insurance damages and 0.63 for amount of insurance damages. With a linear regression model TWI explained 41% of the variance of the number of insurance flood damages and 34% of variance of amount of insurance flood damage.Future studies on this topic should consider implementing TWI as a potential measure in urban flood risk analyses.
|
|
| 2. |
- Liebiedieva, Svitlana, et al.
(författare)
-
Geospatial support
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Handbook of Disaster and Emergency Management. - Göteborg : Amir Khorram-Manesh. - 9789163932007 ; , s. 92-96
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Jan-Olov, 1966-
(författare)
-
A GIS-based landscape analysis of dissolved organic carbon in boreal headwater streams
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In boreal catchments, stream water chemistry is influenced and controlled by several landscape factors. The influence of spatially distributed variables is in turn dependent on the hydrological scale. Headwater streams have larger variability of water chemistry, and thus together represent a large biodiversity, and therefore need to be monitored in official environmental assessments. One objective of this study was, using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), to analyse co-variation between landscape variables and water chemistry and to determine which of the landscape variables have a major influence on the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in headwater streams. Another objective was to find a simple method for predicting sources of DOC, using official map data and publically available GIS applications. Totally 85 headwater catchments (0.1-4 km2) in the county of Värmland, western south Sweden, were used in the study. Water chemistry was analysed for water sampled at low, medium and high flows, and landscape variables were extracted from official map data sources: topographic maps, a digital elevation model (DEM, 50 m grid), and vegetation data. Statistical analyses showed that topography (mean slope and mean topographic wetness index (TWI)) and wetland cover often correlated well with DOC in headwater catchments. Official map data could satisfactorily extract landscape variables (mean slope, mean TWI) that were useful in predicting stream water chemistry (DOC). A high-resolution elevation model, which was generated by interpolation of photogrammetric data, was used to calculate and evaluate two different wetness indices and their ability to predict the occurrence of wetlands in six catchments of different sizes and topography. The SAGA (System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses) wetness index (SWI) gave substantially better results than the TWI. The effects of resolution of DEMs on calculations of the SWI were investigated using 5, 10, 25 and 50 m grids. The results showed that SWI values increased with increasing cell size. The near linear increment of mean values for resolutions 10-50 m suggests a independence of terrain type and catchment size, which supported previous findings that indicated that mean slope and mean wetness index calculated from coarse elevation models may be used for prediction of DOC in headwater streams.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Andersson, Jan-Olov, et al.
(författare)
-
Kartering av översvämningsrisker vid Vänern
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna studie genomfördes en översvämningskartering och -analys som utgick från fyraextrema vattennivåer i Vänern. Baserat på höjddata från den Nya Nationella Höjdmodellen(NNH) generades utbredningspolygoner med hjälp av GIS för de fyra översvämningsnivåerna.Överlagringsanalyser gjordes sedan med kartskikt för väg, mark och byggnadersamt för vissa kommuner även befolkning för att urskilja vägsträckor, markområden,byggnader och boende inom översvämningsutbredningen vid de fyra nivåerna.Översvämningskartor togs fram i pdf-format och Google Earth-format. GIS-analysen hargenererat kvantitativa data för översvämmade vägsträckor, markytor antal byggnader etc.Vidare har en objektsbaserad analys genomförts utifrån kartmaterial och kommunala dataöver sårbara anläggningar och funktioner. Resultaten har sammanställts kommunvis ochför Vänerområdet i sin helhet i form av text, tabeller och diagram.Det som drabbas först vid en översvämning i Vänern är dels objekt som utifrån sinafunktioner ligger vattennära t.ex. fritidsanläggningar, men även viktiga vägar som E18 ochE45. Järnvägsträckan Göteborg-Karlstad-Stockholm översvämmas redan vid 100-årsnivån.Med stigande vattennivå drabbas allt fler objekt och samhällsviktiga funktioner. De städersom påverkas mest är Karlstad, Kristinehamn, Mariestad, Lidköping och Vänersborg.De direkta skadekostnaderna för en 100-årsnivå i Vänern har beräknats till 100-240 Mkr,där en möjlig vindeffekt kan ge ytterligare upp till 120 Mkr i skadekostnader. För endimensionerande nivå skulle skadekostnaderna bli av en helt annan storleksordning ochuppgå till ca 9,8 miljarder kr. Vid denna nivå skulle stora indirekta skador uppstå som viinte har haft möjlighet att värdera ekonomiskt. De största kostnaderna kan kopplas tillöversvämmade byggnader.I en absolut jämförelse med Mälaren av kvantitativa data för översvämmade vägar,markområden och antal byggnader är konsekvenserna vid Vänern något lägre.Studien genomfördes på uppdrag av och i samarbete medVänerkommunerna i samverkan omVänerns reglering.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Andersson, Jan-Olov, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Spatial variation of wetlands and flux of dissolved organic carbon in boreal headwater streams
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Hydrological Processes. - : Wiley. - 0885-6087 .- 1099-1085. ; :22, s. 1965-1975
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate the relation between water chemistry and functional landscape elements, spatial data sets of characteristics for 68 small (0·2–1·5 km2) boreal forest catchments in western central Sweden were analysed in a geographical information system (GIS). The geographic data used were extracted from official topographic maps. Water sampled four times at different flow situations was analysed chemically. This paper focuses on one phenomenon that has an important influence on headwater quality in boreal, coniferous forest streams: generation and export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). It is known that wetland cover (bogs and fens) in the catchment is a major source of DOC. In this study, a comparison was made between a large number of headwater catchments with varying spatial locations and areas of wetlands. How this variation, together with a number of other spatial variables, influences the DOC flux in the streamwater was analysed by statistical methods. There were significant, but not strong, correlations between the total percentages of wetland area and DOC flux measured at a medium flow situation, but not at high flow. Neither were there any significant correlations between the percentage of wetland area connected to streams, nor the percentage of wetland area within a zone 50 m from the stream and the DOC flux. There were, however, correlations between catchment mean slope and the DOC flux in all but one flow situations. This study showed that, considering geographical data retrieved from official sources, the topography of a catchment better explains the variation in DOC flux than the percentage and locations of distinct wetland areas. This emphasizes the need for high-resolution elevation models accurate enough to reveal the sources of DOC found in headwater streams.
|
|
| 19. |
- Andersson, Jan-Olov, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Using official map data on topography, wetlands and vegetation cover for prediction of stream water chemistry in boreal headwater catchments
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1027-5606 .- 1607-7938. ; 13, s. 537-549
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. A large part of the spatial variation of stream water chemistry can be related to inputs from headwater streams. In order to understand and analyse the dominant processes taking place in small and heterogeneous catchments, accurate data with high spatial and temporal resolution is necessary. In most cases, the quality and resolution of available map data are considered too poor to be used in environmental assessments and modelling of headwater stream chemistry. In this study 18 forested catchments (1–4 km2) were selected within a 120×50 km region in the county of Värmland in western Sweden. The aim was to test if topographic and vegetation variables derived from official datasets were correlated to stream water chemistry, primarily the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but also Al, Fe and Si content. GIS was used to analyse the elevation characteristics, generate topographic indices, and calculate the percentage of wetlands and a number of vegetation classes. The results clearly show that topography has a major influence on stream water chemistry. There were strong correlations between mean slope and percentage wetland, percentage wetland and DOC, mean slope and DOC, and a very strong correlation between mean topographic wetness index (TWI) and DOC. The conclusion was that official topographic data, despite uncertain or of low quality and resolution, could be useful in the prediction of headwater DOC-concentration in boreal forested catchments.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Andersson, Joel
(författare)
-
On Invertibility of the Radon Transform and Compressive Sensing
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis contains three articles. The first two concern inversion andlocal injectivity of the weighted Radon transform in the plane. The thirdpaper concerns two of the key results from compressive sensing.In Paper A we prove an identity involving three singular double integrals.This is then used to prove an inversion formula for the weighted Radon transform,allowing all weight functions that have been considered previously.Paper B is devoted to stability estimates of the standard and weightedlocal Radon transform. The estimates will hold for functions that satisfy an apriori bound. When weights are involved they must solve a certain differentialequation and fulfill some regularity assumptions.In Paper C we present some new constant bounds. Firstly we presenta version of the theorem of uniform recovery of random sampling matrices,where explicit constants have not been presented before. Secondly we improvethe condition when the so-called restricted isometry property implies the nullspace property.
|
|
| 22. |
- Andersson, Joel, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Theorem of Uniform Recovery of Random Sampling Matrices
- 2014
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. - 0018-9448 .- 1557-9654. ; 60:3, s. 1700-1710
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider two theorems from the theory of compressive sensing. Mainly a theorem concerning uniform recovery of random sampling matrices, where the number of samples needed in order to recover an s-sparse signal from linear measurements (with high probability) is known to be m greater than or similar to s(ln s)(3) ln N. We present new and improved constants together with what we consider to be a more explicit proof. A proof that also allows for a slightly larger class of m x N-matrices, by considering what is called effective sparsity. We also present a condition on the so-called restricted isometry constants, delta s, ensuring sparse recovery via l(1)-minimization. We show that delta(2s) < 4/root 41 is sufficient and that this can be improved further to almost allow for a sufficient condition of the type delta(2s) < 2/3.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Andersson, Swen-Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Managing localized prostate cancer by radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting: Cost analysis of a randomized trial (SPCG-4)
- 2011
-
Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 45:3, s. 177-183
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The cost of radical prostatectomy (RP) compared to watchful waiting (WW) has never been estimated in a randomized trial. The goal of this study was to estimate long-term total costs per patient associated with RP and WW arising from inpatient and outpatient hospital care. Material and methods. This investigation used the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4) trial, comparing RP to WW, and included data from 212 participants living in two counties in Sweden from 1989 to 1999 (105 randomized to WW and 107 to RP). All costs were included from randomization date until death or end of follow-up in July 2007. Resource use arising from inpatient and outpatient hospital costs was measured in physical units and multiplied by a unit cost to come up with a total cost per patient. Results. During a median follow-up of 12 years, the overall cost in the RP group was 34% higher (p andlt; 0.01) than in the WW group, corresponding to euroa,not sign6123 in Sweden. The difference was driven almost exclusively by the cost of the surgical procedure. The cost difference between RP and WW was two times higher among men with low (2--6) than among those with high (7--10) Gleason score. Conclusion. In this economic evaluation of RP versus WW of localized prostate cancer in a randomized study, RP was associated with 34% higher costs. This difference, attributed exclusively to the cost of the RP procedure, was not overcome during extended follow-up.
|
|
| 25. |
- Andersson, Tova, et al.
(författare)
-
Ekonomisk jämförelse av två system för fastighetsnära insamling av avfall
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fyrfack och optibag är två system för fastighetsnära insamling (FNI) av förpacknings- och tidningsavfall samt matavfall. De är olika uppbyggda och har olika för- och nackdelar, vilket beskrivits i ett flertal tidigare rapporter. Fyrfacksystemet finns idag i 30 svenska kommuner och har utvecklats där under knappt två decennier, medan optibag varit vanligare i till exempel Norge och bara finns i tre svenska kommuner. Statistik och erfarenheter från optibag-systemet har varit mindre tillgängliga än för fyrfacksystemet, vilket försvårat jämförelser. Denna rapport bygger till stor del på data från rapporten Beräkning av avfallshanteringskostnader i svenska kommuner från Avfall Sverige. Dock används även uppdaterade data från Eskilstuna kommun, den enda i Sverige med lång erfarenhet av optibag-systemet. Genom att basera beräkningar på faktiska förhållanden i Eskilstuna erbjuder denna rapport en mer verklighetsnära uppskattning av kostnaderna för optibag-systemet och utgör därmed ett värdefullt komplement till tidigare rapporter. Speciellt för denna rapport är att kostnader beräknas utifrån två fall. Fall A – initiering, efterliknar situationen i Eskilstuna där befintliga kärl och insamlingsfordon kunde användas för optibag, vilket inte hade varit möjligt för fyrfacksystemet. I Fall B – barmark, beräknas kostnader om all utrustning hade köpts in ny i bägge systemen. Fall A representerar sannolikt förhållandena i många svenska kommuner som överväger att inför någon form av fastighetsnära insamling av förpacknings- och tidningsavfall samt matavfall. Optibag-systemet framstår som ett billigare system än fyrfack, sett till både investeringar och årskostnader, framförallt om befintliga kärl och fordon kan användas. Kapitalkostnaderna skiljer sig kraftigt mellan de två systemen medan driftkostnaderna är snarlika. Vilka kostnader som dominerar varierar stort mellan systemen, sorteringsanläggning och påsar för optibag eller kärl, fordon (inklusive drift) och eventuellt omlastningsstation för fyrfack. Möjligheten att påverka de kostnaderna varierar vilket gör att totala kostnader skulle se annorlunda ut i andra kommuner, resultaten är alltså inte helt generella. Att optibag-systement normalt inte hanterar glasförpackningar verkar inte vara ett avgörande problem ur användarsynpunkt eller sett till sorteringsgrad. Baserat på tillgänglig statistik verkar det som att sorteringsgraden över lag är bättre för fyrfacksystemet, men skillnaderna är små och påverkas även av lokala förhållanden såsom anslutningsgrad.
|
|
| 26. |
- Angantyr, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Constrained optimization based on a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm
- 2003
-
Ingår i: The 2003 congress on evolutionary computation. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 0780378040 ; , s. 1560-1567
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A criticism of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) might be the lack of efficient and robust generic might be the lack of officient and robust generic methods to handle constraints. The most widespread approach for constrained search problems is to use penalty methods. EAs have received increased interest during the last decade due to the ease of handling multiple objectives., A constrained Optimization problem or an unconstrained multiobjective problem may in principle be two different ways to pose the same underlying I problem. In this paper an alternative approach for the constrained optimization problem is presented. The method is a variant of a multiobjective real coded Genetic Algorithm (CA) inspired by the penalty approach. It is evaluated on six different constrained single objective problems found in the literature. The results show that the proposed method performs well in terms of efficiency, and that it is rohust for a majority of the test problems.
|
|
| 27. |
- Bill-Axelson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Radical Prostatectomy or Watchful Waiting in Early Prostate Cancer
- 2014
-
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - Waltham : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 370:10, s. 932-942
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundRadical prostatectomy reduces mortality among men with localized prostate cancer; however, important questions regarding long-term benefit remain. MethodsBetween 1989 and 1999, we randomly assigned 695 men with early prostate cancer to watchful waiting or radical prostatectomy and followed them through the end of 2012. The primary end points in the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4) were death from any cause, death from prostate cancer, and the risk of metastases. Secondary end points included the initiation of androgen-deprivation therapy. ResultsDuring 23.2 years of follow-up, 200 of 347 men in the surgery group and 247 of the 348 men in the watchful-waiting group died. Of the deaths, 63 in the surgery group and 99 in the watchful-waiting group were due to prostate cancer; the relative risk was 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.77; P=0.001), and the absolute difference was 11.0 percentage points (95% CI, 4.5 to 17.5). The number needed to treat to prevent one death was 8. One man died after surgery in the radical-prostatectomy group. Androgen-deprivation therapy was used in fewer patients who underwent prostatectomy (a difference of 25.0 percentage points; 95% CI, 17.7 to 32.3). The benefit of surgery with respect to death from prostate cancer was largest in men younger than 65 years of age (relative risk, 0.45) and in those with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (relative risk, 0.38). However, radical prostatectomy was associated with a reduced risk of metastases among older men (relative risk, 0.68; P=0.04). ConclusionsExtended follow-up confirmed a substantial reduction in mortality after radical prostatectomy; the number needed to treat to prevent one death continued to decrease when the treatment was modified according to age at diagnosis and tumor risk. A large proportion of long-term survivors in the watchful-waiting group have not required any palliative treatment. (Funded by the Swedish Cancer Society and others.) The randomized Swedish trial of prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in disease detected mainly clinically (not by PSA screening) continues to show a benefit for early prostatectomy. The number of men younger than 65 needed to treat to prevent one death is now four. The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4), a randomized trial of radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in men with localized prostate cancer diagnosed before the era of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, showed a survival benefit of radical prostatectomy as compared with observation at 15 years of follow-up.(1) By contrast, the Prostate Cancer Intervention versus Observation Trial (PIVOT), initiated in the early era of PSA testing, showed that radical prostatectomy did not significantly reduce prostate cancer-specific or overall mortality after 12 years.(2) PSA screening profoundly changes the clinical domain of study. Among other considerations, the substantial additional lead time ...
|
|
| 28. |
- Bill-Axelson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer : the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 100:16, s. 1144-1154
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The benefit of radical prostatectomy in patients with early prostate cancer has been assessed in only one randomized trial. In 2005, we reported that radical prostatectomy improved prostate cancer survival compared with watchful waiting after a median of 8.2 years of follow-up. We now report results after 3 more years of follow-up.METHODS: From October 1, 1989, through February 28, 1999, 695 men with clinically localized prostate cancer were randomly assigned to radical prostatectomy (n = 347) or watchful waiting (n = 348). Follow-up was complete through December 31, 2006, with histopathologic review and blinded evaluation of causes of death. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Statistical tests were two-sided.RESULTS: During a median of 10.8 years of follow-up (range = 3 weeks to 17.2 years), 137 men in the surgery group and 156 in the watchful waiting group died (P = .09). For 47 of the 347 men (13.5%) who were randomly assigned to surgery and 68 of the 348 men (19.5%) who were not, death was due to prostate cancer. The difference in cumulative incidence of death due to prostate cancer remained stable after about 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 12.5% of the surgery group and 17.9% of the watchful waiting group had died of prostate cancer (difference = 5.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2 to 11.1%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.45 to 0.94; P = .03). The difference in cumulative incidence of distant metastases did not increase beyond 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 19.3% of men in the surgery group and 26% of men in the watchful waiting group had been diagnosed with distant metastases (difference = 6.7%, 95% CI = 0.2 to 13.2%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.47 to 0.88; P = .006). Among men who underwent radical prostatectomy, those with extracapsular tumor growth had 14 times the risk of prostate cancer death as those without it (RR = 14.2, 95% CI = 3.3 to 61.8; P < .001).CONCLUSION: Radical prostatectomy reduces prostate cancer mortality and risk of metastases with little or no further increase in benefit 10 or more years after surgery.
|
|
| 29. |
- Fall, Katja, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Immediate risk for cardiovascular events and suicide following a prostate cancer diagnosis : prospective cohort study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - San Francisco, Calif. : Public Library of Science. - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 6:12, s. e1000197-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Stressful life events have been shown to be associated with altered risk of various health consequences. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the emotional stress evoked by a prostate cancer diagnosis increases the immediate risks of cardiovascular events and suicide.METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a prospective cohort study by following all men in Sweden who were 30 y or older (n = 4,305,358) for a diagnosis of prostate cancer (n = 168,584) and their subsequent occurrence of cardiovascular events and suicide between January 1, 1961 and December 31, 2004. We used Poisson regression models to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cardiovascular events and suicide among men who had prostate cancer diagnosed within 1 y to men without any cancer diagnosis. The risks of cardiovascular events and suicide were elevated during the first year after prostate cancer diagnosis, particularly during the first week. Before 1987, the RR of fatal cardiovascular events was 11.2 (95% CI 10.4-12.1) during the first week and 1.9 (95% CI 1.9-2.0) during the first year after diagnosis. From 1987, the RR for cardiovascular events, nonfatal and fatal combined, was 2.8 (95% CI 2.5-3.2) during the first week and 1.3 (95% CI 1.3-1.3) during the first year after diagnosis. While the RR of cardiovascular events declined, the RR of suicide was stable over the entire study period: 8.4 (95% CI 1.9-22.7) during the first week and 2.6 (95% CI 2.1-3.0) during the first year after diagnosis. Men 54 y or younger at cancer diagnosis demonstrated the highest RRs of both cardiovascular events and suicide. A limitation of the present study is the lack of tumor stage data, which precluded possibilities of investigating the potential impact of the disease severity on the relationship between a recent diagnosis of prostate cancer and the risks of cardiovascular events and suicide. In addition, we cannot exclude residual confounding as a possible explanation.CONCLUSIONS: Men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer are at increased risks for cardiovascular events and suicide. Future studies with detailed disease characteristic data are warranted.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Hedelin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Dietary phytoestrogen, serum enterolactone and risk of prostate cancer : the cancer prostate Sweden study (Sweden)
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Orebro, Sweden. Ctr Assessment Med Technol, Orebro, Sweden. Univ Helsinki, Dept Clin Chem, SF-00100 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Inst Prevent Med Nutr & Canc, Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland. Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci Oncol, Umea, Sweden. : Springer. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 17:2, s. 169-180
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Based on evidence that phytoestrogens may protect against prostate cancer, we evaluated the associations between serum enterolactone concentration or dietary phytoestrogen intake and risk of prostate cancer. METHODS: In our Swedish population-based case-control study, questionnaire-data were available for 1,499 prostate cancer cases and 1,130 controls, with serum enterolactone levels in a sub-group of 209 cases and 214 controls. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with risk of prostate cancer. RESULTS: High intake of food items rich in phytoestrogens was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. The OR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of intake was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.57-0.95; p-value for trend: 0.01). In contrast, we found no association between dietary intake of total or individual lignans or isoflavonoids and risk of prostate cancer. Intermediate serum levels of enterolactone were associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. The ORs comparing increasing quartiles of serum enterolactone concentration to the lowest quartile were, respectively, 0.28 (95% CI: 0.15-0.55), 0.63 (95% CI: 0.35-1.14) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.41-1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that certain foods high in phytoestrogens are associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer.
|
|
| 33. |
- Henriksson, Greger, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hållbar avfallshantering : utvärdering av styrmedel från ett psykologiskt och etnologiskt perspektiv
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom psykologi och etnologi studeras företeelser ur perspektiv som återfinns hos den enskilda individen samt i det lokala eller sociala sammanhanget. I studien har olika styrmedel bedömts från ett etnologiskt och psykologiskt perspektiv. Studien har därvid inneburit nya arbetsmetoder – i varken psykologi eller etnologi brukar man arbeta med att förutsäga hur olika medel (t.ex. styrmedel) påverkar människan, normalt arbetar man efter att beskriva hur människan upplever ett befintligt styrmedel. Nytt i arbetssättet är också att utvärdera styrmedlen i olika framtidsscenarier. De viktigaste slutsatserna om de studerade styrmedlen är enligt följande. Information är ett viktigt styrmedel, men bör främst ses i kombination med andra styrmedel. Information bör utformas så att den är anpassad för olika grupper, hellre än massutskick och glättiga kampanjer. Informationen bör vara både deklarativ (ge information om effekter och konsekvenser) och procedurell (beskriva hur man ska göra). Information är viktigast som styrmedel i de hållbara scenarierna, men är av betydelse i samtliga scenarier. Vad gäller verksamheter kan man skilja på information till företagsledningen och information till anställda. Styrmedlet ”Reklam ja tack” förväntas leda till minskad mängd pappersavfall och är lätt att förstå för hushållen. Styrmedlet är mest effektivt i de hållbara scenarierna. Styrmedlet bedöms verksamt även i scenariot regional marknad eftersom det då är större tryck på verksamheterna att föra ut sitt budskap. Negativ kemikaliemärkning bedöms vara ett effektivt styrmedel, och framför allt effektivare än positiv märkning. Negativ kemikaliemärkning bedöms också vara effektivt i alla scenarier. I styrmedlet viktbaserad avfallstaxa kan storleken på den rörliga delen av avfallstaxan påverka styrmedlets genomslagskraft. Viktbaserad avfallstaxa bedöms fungera bäst i de marknadsdrivna scenarierna där individen tar ett stort ansvar själv. I de hållbara scenarierna kan styrmedlet komma att upplevas negativ eftersom ansvaret för miljöfrågorna är mer överflyttade till staten från medborgarna. Miljödifferentierad avfallstaxa bedöms ge ytterst små styreffekter eftersom det med den givna utformningen kan vara svår att kommunicera med människorna. Med vissa ändringar skulle det däremot kunna bli kraftfullt. Utvecklade insamlingssystem bedöms leda till ökad källsortering i alla scenarier. Detta gäller både ökad fastighetsnära insamling och insamling i materialströmmar.
|
|
| 34. |
- Holmberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
A randomized trial comparing radical prostatectomy with watchful waiting in early prostate cancer
- 2002
-
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 347:11, s. 781-789
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Radical prostatectomy is widely used in the treatment of early prostate cancer. The possible survival benefit of this treatment, however, is unclear. We conducted a randomized trial to address this question. METHODS: From October 1989 through February 1999, 695 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer in International Union against Cancer clinical stage T1b, T1c, or T2 were randomly assigned to watchful waiting or radical prostatectomy. We achieved complete follow-up through the year 2000 with blinded evaluation of causes of death. The primary end point was death due to prostate cancer, and the secondary end points were overall mortality, metastasis-free survival, and local progression. RESULTS: During a median of 6.2 years of follow-up, 62 men in the watchful-waiting group and 53 in the radical-prostatectomy group died (P=0.31). Death due to prostate cancer occurred in 31 of 348 of those assigned to watchful waiting (8.9 percent) and in 16 of 347 of those assigned to radical prostatectomy (4.6 percent) (relative hazard, 0.50; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.27 to 0.91; P=0.02). Death due to other causes occurred in 31 of 348 men in the watchful-waiting group (8.9 percent) and in 37 of 347 men in the radical-prostatectomy group (10.6 percent). The men assigned to surgery had a lower relative risk of distant metastases than the men assigned to watchful waiting (relative hazard, 0.63; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: In this randomized trial, radical prostatectomy significantly reduced disease-specific mortality, but there was no significant difference between surgery and watchful waiting in terms of overall survival.
|
|
| 35. |
- Johansson, Jan-Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Natural history of early, localized prostate cancer
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 291:22, s. 2713-2719
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Among men with early prostate cancer, the natural history without initial therapy determines the potential for survival benefit following radical local treatment. However, little is known about disease progression and mortality beyond 10 to 15 years of watchful waiting. OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term natural history of untreated, early stage prostatic cancer. DESIGN: Population-based, cohort study with a mean observation period of 21 years. SETTING: Regionally well-defined catchment area in central Sweden (recruitment March 1977 through February 1984). PATIENTS: A consecutive sample of 223 patients (98% of all eligible) with early-stage (T0-T2 NX M0 classification), initially untreated prostatic cancer. Patients with tumor progression were hormonally treated (either by orchiectomy or estrogens) if they had symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Progression-free, cause-specific, and overall survival. RESULTS: After complete follow-up, 39 (17%) of all patients experienced generalized disease. Most cancers had an indolent course during the first 10 to 15 years. However, further follow-up from 15 (when 49 patients were still alive) to 20 years revealed a substantial decrease in cumulative progression-free survival (from 45.0% to 36.0%), survival without metastases (from 76.9% to 51.2%), and prostate cancer-specific survival (from 78.7% to 54.4%). The prostate cancer mortality rate increased from 15 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 10-21) during the first 15 years to 44 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 22-88) beyond 15 years of follow-up (P =.01). CONCLUSION: Although most prostate cancers diagnosed at an early stage have an indolent course, local tumor progression and aggressive metastatic disease may develop in the long term. These findings would support early radical treatment, notably among patients with an estimated life expectancy exceeding 15 years.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Maglio, Cristina, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
The IRS1 rs2943641 Variant and Risk of Future Cancer Among Morbidly Obese Individuals.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 98:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context:Obesity and insulin resistance are risk factors for cancer development. The IRS1 rs2943641 genetic variant has been widely associated with insulin resistance.Objective:The aim of the study was to examine whether the IRS1 rs2943641 associates with cancer incidence in obese individuals.Design, Setting and Patients:The IRS1 rs2943641 was genotyped in participants from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study, an intervention trial on the effect of bariatric surgery on mortality and morbidity compared with usual care and in the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort. In both studies, the median follow-up for cancer incidence was about 15 years.Intervention and Main Outcome Measure:Cancer incidence was assessed in both the SOS and the MDC cohorts through national and local registers.Results:The IRS1 T allele was associated with lower insulin resistance in both the SOS and the MDC studies. A lower cancer incidence was found in T allele carriers from the SOS control group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-0.96; P = .021) and was restricted to morbidly obese individuals (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.91; P = .011). No evidence of such association was detected in the surgery group (interaction P = .005). In the MDC cohort, a nonsignificant tendency for lower cancer incidence in T allele carriers was observed only in morbidly obese individuals. A meta-analysis of morbidly obese individuals (body mass index > 40 kg/m(2)) from the two cohorts strengthened the evidence for the association (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.87; P = .004).Conclusions:Our results suggest that the T allele of rs2943641 near IRS1 may associate with lower cancer incidence in morbidly obese individuals.
|
|
| 38. |
- Meyer, Mara S., et al.
(författare)
-
Homogeneous prostate cancer mortality in the Nordic countries over four decades
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 58:3, s. 427-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) has greatly increased in the Nordic region over the past two decades, following the advent of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. Consequently, interpreting temporal trends in PCa has become difficult, and the impact of changes in exposure to causal factors is uncertain.OBJECTIVE: To reveal geographic differences and temporal trends in PCa in the Nordic countries. Because the recorded incidence of PCa has been profoundly influenced by PSA screening, we focused our analyses primarily on PCa mortality.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We analyzed national PCa incidence and mortality data from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from 1965 to 2006 using the PC-NORDCAN software program and the online NORDCAN database.MEASUREMENTS: Cumulative incidence and cumulative mortality from PCa were calculated for selected calendar years during four decades, along with age-standardized mortality rates. Incidence data in NORDCAN come from individual countries' cancer registries, and mortality data come from national mortality registries.RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: From 1965 to 2006, 172 613 deaths from PCa were reported in the four Nordic countries. A substantial rise in incidence was observed across the region, with some geographic variation, since the late 1980s. In contrast, both disease-specific mortality rates and cumulative risk of PCa mortality lacked consistent temporal trends over the same period. Cumulative mortality from PCa ranged between 3.5% and 7.5% in the region over four decades, whereas cumulative incidence jumped from about 9% to >20%. Mortality has remained fairly constant among the countries, with a minimally lower risk in Finland.CONCLUSIONS: Unlike most malignancies, the occurrence of lethal PCa showed minimal geographic variation and lacked consistent temporal trends over four decades. These findings may guide our search for important causes of PCa, a malignancy with etiology that is still largely unknown.
|
|
| 39. |
- Moller, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
-
The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations and prostate cancer risk in the Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 15:10, s. 1897-1908
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) aim at preventing diet-associated diseases such as cancer in the Nordic countries. We evaluated adherence to the NNR in relation to prostate cancer (PC) in Swedish men, including potential interaction with a genetic risk score and with lifestyle factors. Design: Population-based case-control study (Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS), 2001-2002). Using data from a semi-quantitative FFQ, we created an NNR adherence score and estimated relative risks of PC by unconditional logistic regression. Individual score components were modelled separately and potential modifying effects were assessed on the multiplicative scale. Setting: Four regions in the central and northern parts of Sweden. Subjects: Incident PC patients (n 1386) and population controls (n 940), frequency-matched on age and region. Results: No overall association with PC was found, possibly due to the generally high adherence to the NNR score and its narrow distribution in the study population. Among individual NNR score components, high compared with low intakes of polyunsaturated fat were associated with an increased relative risk of localized PC. No formal interaction with genetic or lifestyle factors was observed, although in stratified analysis a positive association between the NNR and PC was suggested among men with a high genetic risk score but not among men with a medium or low genetic risk score. Conclusions: Our findings do not support an association between NNR adherence and PC. The suggestive interaction with the genetic risk score deserves further investigations in other study populations.
|
|
| 40. |
- Mucci, Lorelei A., et al.
(författare)
-
Nine-gene molecular signature is not associated with prostate cancer death in a watchful waiting cohort
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - Baltimore : Waverly Press. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 17:1, s. 249-251
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumor molecular markers hold promise to distinguish potentially lethal from indolent prostate cancer and to guide treatment choices. A previous study identified a nine-gene molecular signature in tumors associated with prostate-specific antigen relapse after prostatectomy. We examined this molecular model in relation to prostate cancer death among 172 men with initially localized disease. We quantified protein expression of the nine genes in tumors to classify progression risk. Accounting for clinical prognostic factors, the nine-gene model did not provide discrimination to predict lethal and indolent prostate cancer.
|
|
| 41. |
- Mucci, Lorelei A., et al.
(författare)
-
Testing a multigene signature of prostate cancer death in the Swedish Watchful Waiting Cohort
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - Philadelphia : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 17:7, s. 1682-1688
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, most men die with and not from their disease, underscoring the urgency to distinguish potentially lethal from indolent prostate cancer. We tested the prognostic value of a previously identified multigene signature of prostate cancer progression to predict cancer-specific death. The Örebro Watchful Waiting Cohort included 172 men with localized prostate cancer of whom 40 died of prostate cancer. We quantified protein expression of the markers in tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry and stratified the cohort by quintiles according to risk classification. We accounted for clinical variables (age, Gleason, nuclear grade, and tumor volume) using Cox regression and calculated receiver operator curves to compare discriminatory ability. The hazard ratio of prostate cancer death increased with increasing risk classification by the multigene model, with a 16-fold greater risk comparing highest-risk versus lowest-risk strata, and predicted outcome independent of clinical factors (P = 0.002). The best discrimination came from combining information from the multigene markers and clinical data, which perfectly classified the lowest-risk stratum where no one developed lethal disease; using the two lowest-risk groups as reference, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 11.3 (4.0-32.8) for the highest-risk group and difference in mortality at 15 years was 60% (50-70%). The combined model provided greater discriminatory ability (area under the curve = 0.78) than the clinical model alone (area under the curve = 0.71; P = 0.04). Molecular tumor markers can add to clinical variables to help distinguish lethal and indolent prostate cancer and hold promise to guide treatment decisions.
|
|
| 42. |
- Norberg, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
A combination of HbA1c, fasting glucose and BMI is effective in screening for individuals at risk of future type 2 diabetes : OGTT is not needed.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 260:3, s. 263-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To identify a screening model that predicts high risk of future type 2 diabetes and is useful in clinical practice. DESIGN AND METHODS: Incident case-referent study nested within a population-based health survey. We compared screening models with three risk criteria and calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values and attributable proportion. We used fasting plasma glucose (FPG) alone or with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycosylated haemoglobin A (HbA1c) (normal range 3.6-5.3%), body mass index (BMI), triglycerides and family history of diabetes (FHD). SETTING: Participants in a health survey at all primary care centres (n=33,336) and subjects with diagnosed type 2 diabetes in primary and hospital care (n=6088) in Umeå during 1989-2001. SUBJECTS: Each of the 164 subjects who developed clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes (median time to diagnosis of 5.4 years) and 304 sex- and age-matched referents without diabetes diagnosis. RESULTS: Screening models with at least one criterion present had sensitivities of 0.90-0.96, specificities of 0.43-0.57 and PPVs of 8-9%. Combinations of the criteria, FPG>or=6.1 mmol L-1 (capillary plasma), HbA1c>or=4.7% and BMI>or=27 in men and BMI>or=30 in women, had sensitivities, specificities and PPVs of 0.66%, 0.93% and 32%, and 0.52%, 0.97% and 46% respectively. Using FHD as one of three risk criteria showed comparable results. Addition of triglycerides or OGTT did not improve the prediction. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of HbA1c, FPG and BMI are effective in screening for individuals at risk of future clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. OGTT or FHD is not necessary.
|
|
| 43. |
- Nordensten, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Hanteringen av de omfattande naturkatastroferna i Queensland 2011 : Observatörsrapport
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En myndighetsgemensam observatörsresa genomfördes våren 2012 för att lära av erfarenheterna av den omfattande naturkatastrofen 2011 i Queensland, Australien. Observatörsresan organiserades av avdelningen för utvärdering och lärande vid Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap, MSB. Planerade möten hos myndigheter och organisationer ägde rum dels på federal nivå i Canberra, dels i delstaten Queensland med studiebesök i Brisbane och andra orter.Syftet med denna observatörsinsats var sålunda att:–– lära från de erfarenheter Australien gjort med anledning avde stora översvämningar, orsakade av extrema regn och cyklonenYasi, som drabbade delstaten Queensland under periodendecember 2010 - januari 2011.–– studera det australiensiska civila samhällets samlade förmågaatt hantera och återhämta sig efter dessa extrema händelseroch påfrestningar.Observatörsinsatsen initierades via MSB:s samverkansområden. En begäran och önskan riktades till MSB att organisera en observatörsinsats, i enlighet med MSB:s uppdrag att samordna och samverka inom området observatörsverksamhet
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Olsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Antibiotic susceptibility in prostate-derived Propionibacterium acnes isolates
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - HOBOKEN, NJ USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 120:10, s. 778-785
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes isolates from prostate. Prostate-derived P. acnes isolates (n = 24, Umeå & Örebro, Sweden, 2007-2010) and a panel of control strains (n = 25, Sweden) collected from skin and deep infections were assessed for resistance to penicillin G, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, azithromycin, erythromycin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, tetracycline, tigecycline, fusidic acid, clindamycin, rifampicin, linezolid, daptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and metronidazole. In addition, the isolates were tested for inducible clindamycin resistance. All prostate derived P. acnes isolates displayed wild-type distribution of MIC-values, without evidence of acquired resistance. In the reference panel, 5 of 25 isolates had acquired macrolide resistance with cross-resistance to azithromycin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. In addition, one of these isolates was resistant to tetracycline.
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Pirazzi, Carlo, et al.
(författare)
-
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) I148M (rs738409) affects hepatic VLDL secretion in humans and in vitro
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8278 .- 1600-0641. ; 57:6, s. 1276-1282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: The robust association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the genetic variant I148M (rs738409) in PNPLA3 has been widely replicated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the PNPLA3 I148M mutation on: (1) hepatic secretion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in humans; and (2) secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB) from McA-RH 7777 cells, which secrete VLDL-sized apoB-containing lipoproteins. Methods: VLDL kinetics was analyzed after a bolus infusion of stable isotopes in 55 overweight/obese men genotyped for the PNPLA3 I148M variant. Intracellular lipid content, apoB secretion and glycerolipid metabolism were studied in McA-RH 7777 cells overexpressing the human 1481 wild type or 148M mutant PNPLA3 protein. Results: In humans, carriers of the PNPLA3 148M allele had increased liver fat compared to 1481 homozygotes, and kinetic analysis showed a relatively lower secretion of the large, triglyceride-rich VLDL (VLDL1) in 148M carriers vs. 1481 homozygotes for the same amount of liver fat. McA-RH 7777 cells overexpressing the 148M mutant protein showed a higher intracellular triglyceride content with a lower apoB secretion and fatty acid efflux, compared to cells overexpressing the 1481 wild type protein. The responses with 148M matched those observed in cells expressing the empty vector, indicating that the mutation results in loss of function. Conclusions: We have shown that PNPLA3 affects the secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins both in humans and in vitro and that the 148M protein is a loss-of-function mutation. We propose that PNPLA3 148M promotes intracellular lipid accumulation in the liver by reducing the lipidation of VLDL.
|
|
| 48. |
- Pirazzi, Carlo, et al.
(författare)
-
PNPLA3 has retinyl-palmitate lipase activity in human hepatic stellate cells
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:15, s. 4077-4085
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retinoids are micronutrients that are stored as retinyl esters in the retina and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). HSCs are key players in fibrogenesis in chronic liver diseases. The enzyme responsible for hydrolysis and release of retinyl esters from HSCs is unknown and the relationship between retinoid metabolism and liver disease remains unclear. We hypothesize that the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) protein is involved in retinol metabolism in HSCs. We tested our hypothesis both in primary human HSCs and in a human cohort of subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (N = 146). Here we show that PNPLA3 is highly expressed in human HSCs. Its expression is regulated by retinol availability and insulin, and increased PNPLA3 expression results in reduced lipid droplet content. PNPLA3 promotes extracellular release of retinol from HSCs in response to insulin. We also show that purified wild-type PNPLA3 hydrolyzes retinyl palmitate into retinol and palmitic acid. Conversely, this enzymatic activity is markedly reduced with purified PNPLA3 148M, a common mutation robustly associated with liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development. We also find the PNPLA3 I148M genotype to be an independent (P = 0.009 in a multivariate analysis) determinant of circulating retinol-binding protein 4, a reliable proxy for retinol levels in humans. This study identifies PNPLA3 as a lipase responsible for retinyl-palmitate hydrolysis in HSCs in humans. Importantly, this indicates a potential novel link between HSCs, retinoid metabolism and PNPLA3 in determining the susceptibility to chronic liver disease.
|
|
| 49. |
- Popiolek, Marcin, et al.
(författare)
-
Natural history of early, localized prostate cancer : A final report from three decades of follow-up
- 2013
-
Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 63:3, s. 428-435
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most localized prostate cancers are believed to have an indolent course. Within 15 yr of diagnosis, most deaths among men with prostate cancer (PCa) can be attributed to other competing causes. However, data from studies with extended follow-up are insufficient to determine appropriate treatment for men with localized disease.Objective: To investigate the long-term natural history of untreated, early-stage PCa.Design, setting, and participants: We conducted a population-based, prospective-cohort study using a consecutive sample of 223 patients with untreated, localized PCa from a regionally well-defined catchment area in central Sweden. All subjects were initially managed with observation. Androgen deprivation therapy was administered when symptomatic tumor progression occurred.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Based on >30 yr of follow-up, the main outcome measures were: progression-free, cause-specific, and overall survival, and rates of progression and mortality per 1000 person-years.Results and limitations: After 32 yr of follow-up, all but 3 (1%) of the 223 men had died. We observed 90 (41.4%) local progression events and 41 (18.4%) cases of progression to distant metastasis. In total, 38 (17%) men died of PCa. Cause-specific survival decreased between 15 and 20 yr, but stabilized with further follow-up. All nine men with Gleason grade 8-10 disease died within the first 10 yr of follow-up, five (55%) from PCa. Survival for men with well-differentiated, nonpalpable tumors declined slowly through 20 yr, and more rapidly between 20 and 25 yr (from 75.2% [95% confidence interval, 48.4-89.3] to 25% [95% confidence interval, 22.0-72.5]). It is unclear whether these data are relevant for tumors detected by elevated prostate-specific antigen levels.Conclusions: Although localized PCa most often has an indolent course, local progression and distant metastasis can develop over the long term, even among patients considered low risk at diagnosis.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
