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1.
  • Fazey, Ioan, et al. (författare)
  • Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 70
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
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2.
  • Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al. (författare)
  • Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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3.
  • Ahlberg, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • "Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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4.
  • Allen-Perkins, Alfonso, et al. (författare)
  • CropPol : a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 103:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e. berry weight, number of fruits and kg per hectare, among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), Northern America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001-05 (21 studies), 2006-10 (40), 2011-15 (88), and 2016-20 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non-commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY-NC-SA). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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5.
  • Andersson, Lisa, et al. (författare)
  • Mutations in DMRT3 affect locomotion in horses and spinal circuit function in mice
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 488:7413, s. 642-646
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Locomotion in mammals relies on a central pattern-generating circuitry of spinal interneurons established during development that coordinates limb movement(1). These networks produce left-right alternation of limbs as well as coordinated activation of flexor and extensor muscles(2). Here we show that a premature stop codon in the DMRT3 gene has a major effect on the pattern of locomotion in horses. The mutation is permissive for the ability to perform alternate gaits and has a favourable effect on harness racing performance. Examination of wild-type and Dmrt3-null mice demonstrates that Dmrt3 is expressed in the dI6 subdivision of spinal cord neurons, takes part in neuronal specification within this subdivision, and is critical for the normal development of a coordinated locomotor network controlling limb movements. Our discovery positions Dmrt3 in a pivotal role for configuring the spinal circuits controlling stride in vertebrates. The DMRT3 mutation has had a major effect on the diversification of the domestic horse, as the altered gait characteristics of a number of breeds apparently require this mutation.
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6.
  • Gustafsson, Nina M. S., et al. (författare)
  • Targeting PFKFB3 radiosensitizes cancer cells and suppresses homologous recombination
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The glycolytic PFKFB3 enzyme is widely overexpressed in cancer cells and an emerging anticancer target. Here, we identify PFKFB3 as a critical factor in homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks. PFKFB3 rapidly relocates into ionizing radiation (IR)-induced nuclear foci in an MRN-ATM-gamma H2AX-MDC1-dependent manner and co-localizes with DNA damage and HR repair proteins. PFKFB3 relocalization is critical for recruitment of HR proteins, HR activity, and cell survival upon IR. We develop KAN0438757, a small molecule inhibitor that potently targets PFKFB3. Pharmacological PFKFB3 inhibition impairs recruitment of ribonucleotide reductase M2 and deoxynucleotide incorporation upon DNA repair, and reduces dNTP levels. Importantly, KAN0438757 induces radiosensitization in transformed cells while leaving non-transformed cells unaffected. In summary, we identify a key role for PFKFB3 enzymatic activity in HR repair and present KAN0438757, a selective PFKFB3 inhibitor that could potentially be used as a strategy for the treatment of cancer.
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7.
  • Haghighi, Mona, et al. (författare)
  • A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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8.
  • Rafati, Nima, et al. (författare)
  • Large Deletions at the SHOX Locus in the Pseudoautosomal Region Are Associated with Skeletal Atavism in Shetland Ponies
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: G3. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2160-1836. ; 6:7, s. 2213-2223
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Skeletal atavism in Shetland ponies is a heritable disorder characterized by abnormal growth of the ulna and fibula that extend the carpal and tarsal joints, respectively. This causes abnormal skeletal structure and impaired movements, and affected foals are usually killed. In order to identify the causal mutation we subjected six confirmed Swedish cases and a DNA pool consisting of 21 control individuals to whole genome resequencing. We screened for polymorphisms where the cases and the control pool were fixed for opposite alleles and observed this signature for only 25 SNPs, most of which were scattered on genome assembly unassigned scaffolds. Read depth analysis at these loci revealed homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for two partially overlapping large deletions in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) of chromosome X/Y in cases but not in the control pool. One of these deletions removes the entire coding region of the SHOX gene and both deletions remove parts of the CRLF2 gene located downstream of SHOX. The horse reference assembly of the PAR is highly fragmented, and in order to characterize this region we sequenced bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology. This considerably improved the assembly and enabled size estimations of the two deletions to 1602180 kb and 60280 kb, respectively. Complete association between the presence of these deletions and disease status was verified in eight other affected horses. The result of the present study is consistent with previous studies in humans showing crucial importance of SHOX for normal skeletal development.
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9.
  • Spelt, Lidewij, et al. (författare)
  • Artificial neural networks - A method for prediction of survival following liver resection for colorectal cancer metastases.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2157 .- 0748-7983. ; 39:6, s. 648-654
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To construct an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict survival after liver resection for colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases. BACKGROUND: CRC liver metastases are fatal if untreated and resection can possibly be curative. Predictive models stratify patients into risk categories to predict prognosis and select those who can benefit from aggressive multidisciplinary treatment and intensive follow-up. Standard linear models assume proportional hazards, whereas more flexible non-linear survival models based on ANNs may better predict individual long-term survival. METHODS: Clinicopathological and perioperative data on patients who underwent liver resection for CRC metastases between 1994 and 2009 were studied retrospectively. A five-fold cross-validated ANN model was constructed. Risk variables were ranked and minimised through calibrated ANNs. Time dependent hazard ratio (HR) was calculated using the ANN. Performance of the ANN model and Cox regression were analysed using Harrell's C-index. RESULTS: 241 patients with a median age of 66 years were included. There were no perioperative deaths and median survival was 56 months. Of 28 potential risk variables, the ANN selected six: age, preoperative chemotherapy, size of largest metastasis, haemorrhagic complications, preoperative CEA-level and number of metastases. The C-index was 0.72 for the ANN model and 0.66 for Cox regression. CONCLUSION: For the first time ANNs were used to successfully predict individual long-term survival for patients following liver resection for CRC metastases. In the future, more complex prognostic factors can be incorporated into the ANN model to increase its predictive ability.
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10.
  • Acevedo, Nathalie, et al. (författare)
  • Epigenetic alterations in skin homing CD4(+)CLA(+) T cells of atopic dermatitis patients
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • T cells expressing the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) mediate pathogenic inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD). The molecular alterations contributing to their dysregulation remain unclear. With the aim to elucidate putative altered pathways in AD we profiled DNA methylation levels and miRNA expression in sorted T cell populations -(CD4(+), -CD4(+)CD45RA(+) naive, -CD4(+)CLA(+), and -CD8(+)) from adult AD patients and healthy controls (HC). Skin homing -CD4(+)CLA(+) T cells from AD patients showed significant differences in DNA methylation in 40 genes compared to HC (p < 0.05). Reduced DNA methylation levels in the upstream region of the interleukin-13 gene (IL13) in -CD4(+)CLA(+) T cells from AD patients correlated with increased IL13 mRNA expression in these cells. Sixteen miRNAs showed differential expression in -CD4(+)CLA(+) T cells from AD patients targeting genes in 202 biological processes (p < 0.05). An integrated network analysis of miRNAs and CpG sites identified two communities of strongly interconnected regulatory elements with strong antagonistic behaviours that recapitulated the differences between AD patients and HC. Functional analysis of the genes linked to these communities revealed their association with key cytokine signaling pathways, MAP kinase signaling and protein ubiquitination. Our findings support that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of AD by affecting inflammatory signaling molecules in skin homing -CD4(+)CLA(+) T cells and uncover putative molecules participating in AD pathways.
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11.
  • Ahlskog, Mats, 1970- (författare)
  • Supporting pre-development of new manufacturing technologies
  • 2015
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In today’s tough industrial environment, efficient development of new products and new manufacturing solutions is necessary to stay competitive on a global market. Manufacturing companies use substantial money and development resources to develop new products. However, the resources spent on finding and implementing emerging manufacturing technologies are much more limited. This is often the case even though it is well known that a way of competing on a global market is through the introduction of new manufacturing technologies that can improve product quality as well as contribute to reducing manufacturing time, resulting in reduced product price and in the end increased profit.When introducing new manufacturing technologies, different challenges arise such as lack of knowledge, involvement of an external equipment supplier, etc. In addition, time-to-volume is critical when introducing new manufacturing technologies in a manufacturing context. To be able to have a fast ramp-up, manufacturing technology needs to be mature enough and at the same time meet all requirements. Efficient introduction of new manufacturing technologies requires that pre-development activities have been performed in advance.Previous research in this area highlights a lack of knowledge and solutions regarding pre-development of new manufacturing technologies. Such pre-development is important in order to have a successful introduction, fast time-to-volume and production system development. Based on these challenges, the objective of the research presented in this thesis is to develop support for pre-development of new manufacturing technologies.The research is based on literature reviews and three empirical case studies, carried out over a two-year period of time. The first empirical case study was an exploratory case study in the manufacturing industry. The purpose of that research study was to identify critical factors forcing manufacturing companies to improve the development of manufacturing technologies.The second study was a longitudinal embedded case study in the manufacturing industry with the purpose of identifying factors that affect evaluation of new manufacturing technologies during new product development. Particular attention was given to the product development process and how it has affected the evaluation of new manufacturing technologies.Finally, the third study was a single case study in the manufacturing industry with the purpose of analysing and discussing the assessment of the maturity level of a manufacturing technology.
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12.
  • Almgren, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Länge leve skolan! En text om utbildning, estetik och skolutveckling
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Denna skrift har arbetats fram av en grupp studenter på Lärande och samhälle som fortsättning och utveckling av examinationsuppgift på en terminslång kurs, där de hade att iscensätta ett dokumentärfilmsprojekt på högstadiet. Projektet ägde rum inom ramen för huvudämnet Kultur, medier, estetik (KME) - skapat genom en sammanslagning av estetiska ämnen med medie- och kulturstudier 2001 – som ända från starten har tillskrivit det estetiska en särskild förmåga att vända upp och ner på invanda synsätt och kritiserat skolan för att inte lämna tillräckligt utrymme åt denna radikala potential. Den som är det minsta intresserad av skol- och kulturarbete kan inte undgå att dras in i det nät av glödande engagemang, intrikata spörsmål och brottstycken av teoretiska diskussioner som dessa sju studenter väver. Man kommer mycket nära de problem de brottas med utan att någonsin hitta några definitiva svar. Viljan att göra nytt tillsammans med eleverna och med utgångspunkt i deras horisont är obändig. Men så är det ramarna för arbetet... De sju befinner sig i ett interregnum, i en korseld av krav från lärarutbildarna, lärarna på skolan och eleverna, som påminner dem: "Ni är inte våra lärare. Ni kommer hit några timmar i veckan från någon annanstans". Ingenting visar sig vara enkelt. Varför gläds inte eleverna åt att få göra något som kan få betydelse för dem "på riktigt"? Vad är egentligen skillnaden mellan dokumentär- och fiktionsfilm? Hur bedömer man elevernas prestationer i ett så pass öppet projekt? Finns det över huvud taget rum i dagens skola för en pedagogik som vill vara på en gång passionerad, polyfon, prövande och provokativ? Alla dessa är ord som väl kännetecknar skriftens första del, ett grafiskt kaos av utlagda spår som läsaren kan välja bland att följa. Här får man en "cut-up-bild" av de tankevärldar som studenterna försöker orientera sig mot och inom. Den läsare som finner estetiken för provocerande kan alltid börja med andra delen i stället, som analytiskt redogör för de olika filmprojekten. Del tre, slutligen, diskuterar förutsättningarna för de förhållningssätt som utvecklats inom KME att göra sig gällande inom ramen för den nya läroplanen Lgr 11.
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13.
  • Ancillotti, Mirko, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • An Effort Worth Making : A Qualitative Study of How Swedes Respond to Antibiotic Resistance
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Public Health Ethics. - : Oxford University Press. - 1754-9973 .- 1754-9981. ; 14:1, s. 1-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Due to the alarming rise of antibiotic resistance, medically unwarranted use of antibiotics has assumed new moral significance. In this paper, a thematic content analysis of focus group discussions was conducted to explore lay people’s views on the moral challenges posed by antibiotic resistance. The most important finding is that lay people are morally sensitive to the problems entailed by antibiotic resistance. Participants saw the decreasing availability of effective antibiotics as a problem of justice. This involves individual as well as collective moral responsibility. Yet, holding agents responsible for their use of antibiotics involves varying degrees of demandingness. In our discussion, these findings are related to the contemporary ethical debate on antibiotic resistance and two proposals for the preservation of antibiotic effectiveness are compared to and evaluated against participants’ views.
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14.
  • Ancillotti, Mirko, 1981- (författare)
  • Antibiotic Resistance: A Multimethod Investigation of Individual Responsibility and Behaviour
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The rapid development of antibiotic resistance is directly related to how antibiotics are used in society. The international effort to decrease and optimise the use of antibiotics should be sustained by the development of policies that are sensitive to social and cultural contexts.The overarching aim of the thesis was to explore and discuss the Swedish public’s beliefs, values and preferences influencing engagement in judicious antibiotic behaviour.Study I explored through focus group discussions lay people’s perceptions and beliefs about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. The Health Belief Model was used to identify factors that could promote or hinder engagement in judicious antibiotic behaviour. Participants found antibiotic resistance to be a serious problem but were not equally worried about being affected by it. There was a tension between individual and collective reasons for engaging in judicious behaviour.Study II explored lay people’s views on the moral challenges posed by antibiotic resistance through focus group discussions. Participants identified in the decreasing availability of effective antibiotics a problem of justice, which involves individual as well as collective moral responsibility. Different levels of policy demandingness were discussed in light of these results.Study III investigated, through an online Discrete Choice Experiment, public preferences regarding antibiotic treatment and the relative weight of antibiotic resistance in decision-making. Public behaviour may be influenced by concerns over the rise of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, stressing individual responsibility for antibiotic resistance in clinical and societal communication may affect personal decision-making.Study IV clarified the notions of collective and individual moral responsibility for antibiotic resistance and suggested a virtue-based account thereof. While everyone is morally responsible for minimising his/her own contribution to antibiotic resistance, individuals do or do not engage in judicious antibiotic behaviour with different degrees of voluntariness.The findings suggest that people could change their behaviour due to concerns over their own contribution to antibiotic resistance. Effective health communication should be developed from an appraisal of people’s attitudes, beliefs and social norms that influence antibiotic resistance related behaviours. Policy demandingness should take into account socioeconomic factors characterising local realities. 
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15.
  • Ancillotti, Mirko, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Preferences regarding antibiotic treatment and the role of antibiotic resistance : a discrete choice experiment
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-8579 .- 1872-7913. ; 56:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: To identify preferences of the Swedish public regarding antibiotic treatment characteristics and the relative weight of antibiotic resistance in their treatment choices.Methods: A questionnaire including a discrete choice experiment questionnaire was answered by 378 Swedish participants. Preferences of the general public regarding five treatment characteristics (attributes) were measured: contribution to antibiotic resistance, cost, side effects, failure rate and treatment duration. Latent class analysis models were used to determine attribute-level estimates and heterogeneity in preferences. Relative importance of the attributes and willingness to pay for antibiotics with a lower contribution to antibiotic resistance were calculated from the estimates.Results: All attributes influenced participants’ preferences for antibiotic treatment. For the majority of participants, contribution to antibiotic resistance was the most important attribute. Younger respondents found contribution to antibiotic resistance more important in their choice of antibiotic treatments. Choices of respondents with lower numeracy, higher health literacy and higher financial vulnerability were influenced more by the cost of the antibiotic treatment. Older respondents with lower financial vulnerability and health literacy, and higher numeracy found side effects to be most important.Conclusions: All attributes can be considered as potential drivers of antibiotic use by lay people. Findings also suggest that the behaviour of lay people may be influenced by concerns over the rise of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, stressing individual responsibility for antibiotic resistance in clinical and societal communication has the potential to affect personal decision making.
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16.
  • Ancillotti, Mirko, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Public awareness and individual responsibility needed for judicious use of antibiotics : a qualitative study of public beliefs and perceptions
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 18:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundHigh consumption of antibiotics has been identified as an important driver for the increasing antibiotic resistance, considered to be one of the greatest threats to public health globally. Simply informing the public about this consequence is insufficient to induce behavioral change. This study explored beliefs and perceptions among Swedes, with the aim of identifying factors promoting and hindering a judicious approach to antibiotics use. The study focused primarily on the medical use of antibiotics, also considering other aspects connected with antibiotic resistance, such as travelling and food consumption.MethodsData were collected through focus group discussions at the end of 2016. Twenty-three Swedes were recruited using an area-based approach and purposive sampling, aiming for as heterogeneous groups as possible regarding gender (13 women, 10 men), age (range 20–81, mean 38), and education level. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The Health Belief Model was used as a theoretical framework.ResultsAntibiotic resistance was identified by participants as a health threat with the potential for terrible consequences. The severity of the problem was perceived more strongly than the actual likelihood of being affected by it. Metaphors such as climate change were abundantly employed to describe antibiotic resistance as a slowly emerging problem. There was a tension between individual (egoistic) and collective (altruistic) reasons for engaging in judicious behavior. The individual effort needed and antibiotics overprescribing were considered major barriers to such behavior. In their discussions, participants stressed the need for empowerment, achieved through good health communication from authorities and family physicians.ConclusionsKnowledge about antibiotic consumption and resistance, as well as values such as altruism and trust in the health care system, has significant influence on both perceptions of individual responsibility and on behavior. This suggests that these factors should be emphasized in health education and health promotion. To instead frame antibiotic resistance as a slowly emerging disaster, risks diminish the public perception of being susceptible to it.
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17.
  • Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • An ERP study of nonword rhyming in 3- to 5-year olds : the effect of age and proficiency
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Cognitive Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting Program 2008. - San Fransisco : Cognitive Neuroscience Society. ; , s. 287-287
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previous event-related potential (ERP) research of auditory rhyming showed the classical phonological rhyming effect (RE; N450) to be evident in children as young as 6 years of age (Coch, Grossi, Skendzel & Neville, 2005). ERPs to spoken nonword targets preceded by nonrhym- ing nonwords showed increased negativity (400-600ms post-stimulus- onset) in comparison to rhyming targets, and this effect was largest at posterior medial sites bilaterally. Thus the previous research suggests that the neurocognitive networks involved in processing auditory rhyme information are comparable to adults by the age of 6. The current study extends this finding to younger children aged 3, 4 and 5 years. Behavior- ally, the proportion of children with proficiency in rhyming (production and recognition skills) increased as a function of age. When comparing the RE in these age groups, no differences were found in amplitude. However, the onset of the RE decreased linearly with age. An examina- tion of 4-year-old children with different levels of rhyming proficiency revealed similar differences in the RE. Specifically, the onset of the RE was earlier in children with rhyming skills (production and recognition) as compared to children of similar age with little rhyming skills. These results will be discussed in the framework of how phonological process- ing and awareness impact language and literacy development.
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18.
  • Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • An ERP study of nonword rhyming in 3- to 8-year old monolinguals and 6- to 8-year old bilinguals investigating the effects of age and proficiency
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: The 2nd Conference of the Swedish Association for Language and Cognition.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The importance of phonological awareness (PA) for later acquired skills including reading and writing have repeatedly been reported (e.g. Lundberg, Olofsson, & Wall, 1980) such that preliterate skills in PA predicts reading and writing up to at least 11 years after (MacDonald & Cornwall, 1995). In the current study behavioural measures of PA along with Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded. ERPs record the electrical activity of the brain online sampling millisecond by millisecond such that differences in processing between groups that may not be evident in behavioural measures are possible to discern. Previous ERP studies of auditory rhyming showed the classical phonological rhyming effect (RE; N450) to be evident in children as young as 6 years of age (Coch, Grossi, Skendzel, & Neville, 2005). ERPs to spoken nonword targets (introduced to eliminate effects of semantic skills) preceded by nonrhyming nonwords showed increased negativity (400-600ms post-stimulus-onset) in comparison to rhyming targets, and this effect was largest at posterior medial sites bilaterally. Thus the previous research suggests that the neurocognitive networks involved in processing auditory rhyme information are comparable to adults by the age of 6. The current study (1) extends this finding to younger children aged 3, 4 and 5 years and (2) to bilingual, late learners of English aged 6-8.Behaviourally, the proportion of monolingual children with proficiency in rhyming (production and recognition skills) increased as a function of age. When comparing the RE across age groups, no differences were found in amplitude. However, the timing of the onset of the RE decreased linearly with age, indicating faster processing of the auditory stimuli in older children. An examination of 4-year-old children with different levels of rhyming proficiency revealed similar differences in the RE. Specifically, the onset of the RE was earlier in children with higher rhyming skills as compared to children of similar age with lower rhyming skills. A late rhyming effect (600-800 ms), i.e. an increased negativity to nonrhyming targets with a different distribution than the previously reported RE, was found in high but not low proficient 4-year olds. We hypothesized that this effect was related to verbal short-term memory indicating task difficulty being higher for younger (4-year olds) than older (6-8 year olds) monolingual children. This same effect was found in native Spanish speaking bilingual children aged 6-8 with roughly 2.5 years of experience of English. The significance of these effects will be discussed in the frameworks of language proficiency and age.
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19.
  • Andersson, Alfred, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluating a Mobility Service Application for Business Travel: Lessons Learnt from a Demonstration Project
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:3, s. 1-18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Business travel contributes to significant greenhouse gas emissions, and there is a need for measures that reduce the demand for trips made with energy-intensive means of transport. In this study, a mobility service application (MSA) introduced in 13 Swedish organisations was tested and evaluated to facilitate booking and handling of business trips, in particular public transport. A before and after study consisting of surveys and interviews with employees at the organisations were conducted. The results show that the MSA was mostly used for regional and local public transport trips, and the users stated that the MSA made it easier to travel by public transport, although this particular result should be seen as tentative due to the small sample size. Three factors that influence the success of a new MSA as a means to increase sustainable business trips were identified: management control and proactiveness; perceived improvement of intervention; functions and technical sufficiency. The results also highlight the need to establish organisational conditions that facilitate sustainable business travel, such as coherent travel policy, accessibility to sustainable modes of transport, and a culture that encourages environmentally friendly behaviour. The study suggests improvements that can be made to similar interventions and strategies that can be introduced to promote sustainable business travel.
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20.
  • Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • Monolingual and bilingual 6-8 year old children display N400 responses differentially mediated by proficiency and age of acquisition
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: NLC 2009 Scientific Program. ; , s. 45-46
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies have consistently found an N400 effect elicited by violations of semantic expectancy in monolingual adults (Kutas & Hilllyard, 1980), bilingual adults (Weber-Fox & Neville, 1996) and monolingual children (Holcomb, Coffey, & Neville, 1992). In adults, when the second language is acquired before the age of 11 years, no differences are found in the amplitude, latency, or distribution of the N400 effect when compared to monolinguals. However, if the age of acquisition (AOA) is later than 11 years, an increase in peak latency is often reported (e.g. Weber-Fox & Neville, 1996). Studies of semantic processing in monolingual children have found a more widely distributed N400 effect compared to monolingual adults’. In addition, both the amplitude and onset latency are found to decrease with age (Holcomb, Coffey, & Neville, 1992).In order to begin investigating the factors important in establishing normal semantic processing in bilinguals, we compared the N400 responses to semantic anomalies in 6-8 year old monolingual English speakers and in native Spanish speaking children who began acquiring English at about 4 years of age. To examine the effects of proficiency, each group was divided into higher and lower proficiency groups. In addition bilinguals and monolinguals individually matched on age and proficiency were compared. ERPs were recorded while children listened to naturally spoken English sentences that were either canonical or that were semantic anomalies (p = .5) and watched an accompanying claymation movie. Analyses of the N400 mean amplitude indicated a typical N400 response for both groups, though that of monolingual children was larger, more widespread, and had an earlier onset (180msec) in comparison with that of bilingual children (320msec). Though these children were matched on age they differed in proficiency (Receptive Language) and Socioeconomic status (SES; as measured by maternal education). When dividing children by proficiency within each group similar relationships with amplitude, distribution, and onset were found. (Higher and lower proficiency bilingual groups did not differ on AOA). When comparing monolingual and bilingual children that were individually matched on age and proficiency, N400 onset latency was similar (320msec) but the distribution differed across groups. More specifically, monolingual children showed a larger and more widespread effect that was largest over medial central sites while bilingual children had an effect that was largest over posterior sites. These results suggest that speed of semantic processing in children between 6 and 8 years of age is affected by proficiency rather than AOA, while the distribution of the effect could be affected by differences in AOA and/or SES across groups. No differences in the N400 effect are found comparing monolingual adults and bilingual adults who began acquiring their second language before age 11 (Weber-Fox, & Neville, 1996). Therefore, we are continuing to study the development of semantic processes indexed by the N400 in bilingual children in order to determine at what proficiency level and/or years of experience of the second language does the difference between monolingual and bilingual late learners disappear.
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21.
  • Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • The role of age of acquisition and proficiency on nonword rhyming in 6- to 8-year-old bilingual children
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Cognitive Neuroscience Society : 20th Annual Meeting, April 13-16, 2013, Hyatt Regency Hotel, San Francisco, California. - Davis, CA : Cognitive Neuroscience Society. ; , s. 75-75
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Speech signals change rapidly and timing differences as small as 50 ms can be critical for distinguishing between minimal pairs (e.g., bat-pat). Thus, fast phonological processing is important for understanding speech. Strong and positive relationships between phonological awareness (PA, e.g., the ability to recognize rhymes) and vocabulary size have been widely reported in both monolingual and bilingual children. Though PA has been explored with behavioral studies in bilingual children, online processing of phonology has not. ERPs were measured in 6- to 8-year-old native Spanish speaking children with English as their second language listening to rhyming and nonrhyming pairs of nonsense words with English phonology. Nonwords were used to help children focus on phonological rather than semantic processing. Though bilingual 6- to 8-year olds were expected to recognize rhymes, neurocognitive measures of rhyme processing failed to establish the anterior effect (an increased negativity for rhyming targets) previously reported in monolingual children. Further, the posterior rhyming effect (a decreased negativity for rhyming targets) was evident only in the group with higher English proficiency, within the normal range for monolingual children. In this group the posterior rhyming effect had a longer latency than what was observed in younger monolingual children. The results suggest that even though bilingual children do well on behavioral tests of PA, processing of sub-syllabic phonology is slowed and more variable in their second language. Proficiency and age of acquisition are more important for mature phonological processing than previous behavioral studies have suggested.
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22.
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23.
  • Andersson, Christer, 1982, et al. (författare)
  • A 1-3-GHz Digitally Controlled Dual-RF Input Power-Amplifier Design Based on a Doherty-Outphasing Continuum Analysis
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480 .- 1557-9670. ; 61:10, s. 3743-3752
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a linear multi-harmonic analysis method to evaluate the performance of digitally controlled dual RF-input power amplifiers (PAs). The method enables, due to its low computational cost, optimization of PA efficiency and bandwidth in a complex design space involving two independent inputs. Under the idealized assumption of short-circuited higher harmonics, the analysis is used to prove the existence of a Doherty-outphasing continuum, featuring high average efficiency over 100% fractional bandwidth. With this result as a foundation, a combiner incorporating microwave transistor parasitics is analyzed without assuming short-circuited higher harmonics, showing that high average efficiencies are also achievable under more realistic conditions. A PA is straightforwardly designed from these calculation results using two 15-W GaN HEMTs. The simulated layout-ready (large-signal transistor model) PA average drain efficiency exceeds 50% over 1.1-3.7 GHz for a 6.7-dB peak-to-average power-ratio WCDMA signal. The measured PA has a maximum output power of 44 +/- 0.9 dBm and a 6-dB output power back-off (OPBO) power-added efficiency (PAE) of 45% over 1-3 GHz. After applying digital pre-distortion, excellent linearity is demonstrated when transmitting the WCDMA signal, resulting in an adjacent channel leakage power ratio lower than -57 dBc with corresponding average PAE of 50% and 40% at 1.2 and 2.3 GHz, respectively. This is, to the authors' knowledge, the most wideband OPBO efficiency enhanced PA reported to date, proving the effectiveness of employing linear multi-harmonic analysis in dual-input PA design.
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24.
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25.
  • Andersson, Dan I., et al. (författare)
  • Mechanisms and consequences of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Drug resistance updates. - : Elsevier BV. - 1368-7646 .- 1532-2084. ; 26, s. 43-57
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an intrinsic part of the human innate immune system. Over 100 different human AMPs are known to exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Because of the increased frequency of resistance to conventional antibiotics there is an interest in developing AMPs as an alternative antibacterial therapy. Several cationic peptides that are derivatives of AMPs from the human innate immune system are currently in clinical development. There are also ongoing clinical studies aimed at modulating the expression of AMPs to boost the human innate immune response. In this review we discuss the potential problems associated with these therapeutic approaches. There is considerable experimental data describing mechanisms by which bacteria can develop resistance to AMPs. As for any type of drug resistance, the rate by which AMP resistance would emerge and spread in a population of bacteria in a natural setting will be determined by a complex interplay of several different factors, including the mutation supply rate, the fitness of the resistant mutant at different AMP concentrations, and the strength of the selective pressure. Several studies have already shown that AMP-resistant bacterial mutants display broad cross-resistance to a variety of AMPs with different structures and modes of action. Therefore, routine clinical administration of AMPs to treat bacterial infections may select for resistant bacterial pathogens capable of better evading the innate immune system. The ramifications of therapeutic levels of exposure on the development of AMP resistance and bacterial pathogenesis are not yet understood. This is something that needs to be carefully studied and monitored if AMPs are used in clinical settings.
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26.
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27.
  • Andersson, Elin, et al. (författare)
  • Ngn2 and Nurr1 act in synergy to induce midbrain dopaminergic neurons from expanded neural stem and progenitor cells.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2422 .- 0014-4827. ; 313:6, s. 1172-1180
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a debilitating motor function disorder due primarily to a loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and a subsequent reduction in dopaminergic innervation of the striatum. Several attempts have been made to generate dopaminergic neurons from progenitor cell populations in vitro for potential use in cell replacement therapy for PD. However, expanding cells from fetal brain with retained potential for dopaminergic differentiation has proven to be difficult. In this study, we sought to generate mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons from an expanded population of fetal mouse ventral midbrain (VM) progenitors through the use of retroviral gene delivery. We over-expressed Ngn2 and Nurr1, two genes present in the ventral midbrain and important for normal development of mesDA neurons, in multipassaged neurosphere-expanded midbrain progenitors. We show that over-expression of Ngn2 in these progenitors results in increased neuronal differentiation but does not promote mesDA formation. We also show that over-expression of Nurr1 alone is sufficient to generate tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressing cells with an immature morphology, however the cells do not express any additional markers of mesDA neurons. Overexpression of Nurr1 and Ngn2 in combination generates morphologically mature TH-expressing neurons that also express additional mesencephalic markers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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28.
  • Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Batteryless Electronic System Printed on Glass Substrate
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Electronic Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 2673-3978. ; 2:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Batteryless hybrid printed electronic systems manufactured on glass substrates are reported. The electronic system contains a sensor capable of detecting water, an electrochromic display, conductors, a silicon chip providing the power supply through energy harvesting of electromagnetic radiation, and a silicon-based microcontroller responsible for monitoring the sensor status and the subsequent update of the corresponding display segment. The silicon-based components were assembled on the glass substrate by using a pick and place equipment, while the remainder of the system was manufactured by screen printing. Many printed electronic components, often relying on organic materials, are sensitive to variations in environmental conditions, and the reported system paves the way for the creation of electronic sensor platforms on glass substrates for utilization in see-through applications in harsh conditions. Additionally, this generic hybrid printed electronic sensor system also demonstrates the ability to enable autonomous operation through energy harvesting in future smart window applications.
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29.
  • Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Electrochromic Displays Screen Printed on Transparent Nanocellulose-Based Substrates
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Advanced Photonics Research. - : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 2699-9293.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Manufacturing of electronic devices via printing techniques is often considered to be an environmentally friendly approach, partially due to the efficient utilization of materials. Traditionally, printed electronic components (e.g., sensors, transistors, and displays) are relying on flexible substrates based on plastic materials; this is especially true in electronic display applications where, most of the times, a transparent carrier is required in order to enable presentation of the display content. However, plastic-based substrates are often ruled out in end user scenarios striving toward sustainability. Paper substrates based on ordinary cellulose fibers can potentially replace plastic substrates, but the opaqueness limits the range of applications where they can be used. Herein, electrochromic displays that are manufactured, via screen printing, directly on state-of-the-art fully transparent substrates based on nanocellulose are presented. Several different nanocellulose-based substrates, based on either nanofibrillated or nanocrystalline cellulose, are manufactured and evaluated as substrates for the manufacturing of electrochromic displays, and the optical and electrical switching performances of the resulting display devices are reported and compared. The reported devices do not require the use of metals and/or transparent conductive oxides, thereby providing a sustainable all-printed electrochromic display technology.
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30.
  • Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Integration of Screen Printed Piezoelectric Sensors for Force Impact Sensing in Smart Multifunctional Glass Applications
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 1438-1656 .- 1527-2648. ; 24:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Screen printed piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride?trifluoro ethylene (PVDF?TrFE)-based sensors laminated between glass panes in the temperature range 80?110?°C are presented. No degradation of the piezoelectric signals is observed for the sensors laminated at 110?°C, despite approaching the Curie temperature of the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric sensors, here monitoring force impact in smart glass applications, are characterized by using a calibrated impact hammer system and standardized impact situations. Stand-alone piezoelectric sensors and piezoelectric sensors integrated on poly(methyl methacrylate) are also evaluated. The piezoelectric constants obtained from the measurements of the nonintegrated piezoelectric sensors are in good agreement with the literature. The piezoelectric sensor response is measured by using either physical electrical contacts between the piezoelectric sensors and the readout electronics, or wirelessly via both noncontact capacitive coupling and Bluetooth low-energy radio link. The developed sensor concept is finally demonstrated in smart window prototypes, in which integrated piezoelectric sensors are used to detect break-in attempts. Additionally, each prototype includes an electrochromic film to control the light transmittance of the window, a screen printed electrochromic display for status indications and wireless communication with an external server, and a holistic approach of hybrid printed electronic systems targeting smart multifunctional glass applications.
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31.
  • Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Monolithic integration of display driver circuits and displays manufactured by screen printing
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Flexible and Printed Electronics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing. - 2058-8585. ; 5:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Here, we report all-screen printed display driver circuits, based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), and their monolithic integration with organic electrochromic displays (OECDs). Both OECTs and OECDs operate at low voltages and have similar device architectures, and, notably, they rely on the very same electroactive material as well as on the same electrochemical switching mechanism. This then allows us to manufacture OECT-OECD circuits in a concurrent manufacturing process entirely based on screen printing methods. By taking advantage of the high current throughput capability of OECTs, we further demonstrate their ability to control the light emission in traditional light-emitting diodes (LEDs), where the actual LED addressing is achieved by an OECT-based decoder circuit. The possibility to monolithically integrate all-screen printed OECTs and OECDs on flexible plastic foils paves the way for distributed smart sensor labels and similar Internet of Things applications.
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32.
  • Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Reflective and Complementary Transmissive All-Printed Electrochromic Displays Based on Prussian Blue
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Materials. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 1438-1656 .- 1527-2648. ; 25:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • By combining the electrochromic (EC) properties of Prussian blue (PB) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), complementary EC displays manufactured by slot-die coating and screen printing on flexible plastic substrates are reported. Various display designs have been realized, resulting in displays operating in either transmissive or reflective mode. For the transmission mode displays, the color contrast is enhanced by the complementary switching of the two EC electrodes PB and PEDOT:PSS. Both electrodes are either exhibiting a concurrent colorless or blue appearance. For the displays operating in reflection mode, a white opaque electrolyte is used in conjunction with the EC properties of PB, resulting in a display device switching between a fully white state and a blue-colored state. The developments of the different device architectures, that either operate in reflection or transmission mode, demonstrate a scalable manufacturing approach of all-printed EC displays that may be used in a large variety of Internet of Things applications. © 2022 The Authors. 
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33.
  • Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Screen printed digital circuits based on vertical organicelectrochemical transistors
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Flexible and Printed Electronics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2058-8585. ; 2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Vertical organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been manufactured solely using screenprinting. The OECTs are based on PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid)), which defines the active material for both the transistor channel and the gateelectrode. The resulting vertical OECT devices and circuits exhibit low-voltage operation, relativelyfast switching, small footprint and high manufacturing yield; the last three parameters are explainedby the reliance of the transistor configuration on a robust structure in which the electrolyte verticallybridges the bottom channel and the top gate electrode. Two different architectures of the verticalOECT have been manufactured, characterized and evaluated in parallel throughout this report. Inaddition to the experimental work, SPICE models enabling simulations of standalone OECTs andOECT-based circuits have been developed. Our findings may pave the way for fully integrated, lowvoltageoperating and printed signal processing systems integrated with e.g. printed batteries, solarcells, sensors and communication interfaces. Such technology can then serve a low-cost basetechnology for the internet of things, smart packaging and home diagnostics applications.
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34.
  • Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • The rise of electrochromics through dynamic QR codes and grayscale images in screen printed passive matrix addressed displays
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electronic matrix addressed displays capable of presenting arbitrary grayscale images typically require complex device architectures including switching components to provide unique pixel addressability. Here, we demonstrate high-yield manufacturing of passive matrix addressed electrochromic displays on flexible substrates by solely using screen printing. The simple pixel architecture, obtained by printing only three active layers on top of each other, concurrently provides both the electrochromic functionality and the critical non-linear pixel switching response that enables presentation of arbitrary grayscale images in the resulting passive matrix addressed displays. The all-printed display technology exhibits unprecedented performance and is further verified by dynamic QR codes, to exemplify utilization within authentication, packaging, or other emerging Internet of Things applications requiring a low-cost display for data visualization. © 2022, The Author(s).
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35.
  • Andersson, Jessica, et al. (författare)
  • A Study of Demand-Driven Documentation in Two Open Source Projects
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). - 9781479973675 ; , s. 5271-5279
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigate how demand-driven documentation is used by open source projects. Our study relies on questions and answers (i.e., demand-driven documentation) posted to Stack Overflow and focuses on two projects: Apache POI and Fennec (Firefox for Android). We find that the demand-driven documentation provided by respective community is of good quality and contributions are made within an acceptable amount of time. We conclude that demand-driven documentation can be suitable as a primary information source if other resources accompany it, e.g., websites. However, the suitability is closely related to size and activity of the project's community. We also investigate whether the type of project (e.g., API, application, product, etc.) matters, and find that given the nature of a forum, projects where the intended users are developers have larger and more active communities and are thus better suited for demand-driven documentation.
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36.
  • Andersson, Jessica, 1967- (författare)
  • Activation, reaction mechanism and allosteric regulation of the anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase from bacteriophage T4
  • 2000
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyse the conversion of ribonucleotides to their corresponding deoxyribonucleotides in all organisms. The deoxyribonucleotides are the building blocks for DNA. Three different classes of RNR are found, class I, II and III. The class I RNRs operate under aerobic conditions, the class III RNRs operate under anaerobic conditions and the class II RNRs are indifferent to oxygen. All classes of RNR catalyse the reaction using a free radical mechanism. The free radical is generated to initiate the reaction mechanism but the generation differs between the classes.I have worked with the anaerobic class III RNR from bacteriophage T4 and the work presented in this thesis involves several different aspects of the enzyme. The class III RNR from phage T4 can be used as a model for other class III RNRs.From isotope labelling experiments, we show that a stable glycyl radical forms in the phage T4 class III RNR. I used site-directed mutagenesis to locate the glycyl radical to Gly580 in the NrdD protein of the T4 class III RNR. The glycyl radical is absolutely required for enzymatic activity.Also using protein engineering, I show for the first time, the importance of cysteines in radical generation and the reaction mechanism of the class III RNRs. Four cysteines in the C-terminal of T4 NrdD are responsible for the last step in the generation of the glycyl radical at Gly580. Two cysteines in the active site of T4 NrdD, Cys79 and Cys290 are required for the reaction mechanism of the enzyme. A third residue within the active site, Asn311 is most likely also important for catalytic activity. A reaction mechanism that is different from the class I and II RNRs has been proposed.The first crystal structure of a class III RNR, the class III RNR from phage T4 is presented. Structural relationships with the known class I RNR structure is discussed as well as similarities with another glycyl-radical enzyme.Finally, the allosteric regulation of the class III RNR from phage T4 was characterized. Almost all RNRs are allosterically regulated to keep the deoxynucleotide pools balanced in the cell. Similarities to other RNRs as well as a unique feature of the class III RNR from phage T4 is discussed.
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37.
  • Andersson, Jessica, et al. (författare)
  • Behavior of human chondrocytes in engineered porous bacterial cellulose scaffolds
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4965 .- 1549-3296. ; 94A:4, s. 1124-1132
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Regeneration of articular cartilage damage is an area of great interest due to the limited ability of cartilage to self-repair. The latest cartilage repair strategies are dependent on access to biomaterials to which chondrocytes can attach and in which they can migrate and proliferate, producing their own extracellular matrix. In the present study, engineered porous bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds were prepared by fermentation of Acetobacter xylinum (A. xylinum) in the presence of slightly fused wax particles with a diameter of 150-300 mu m, which were then removed by extrusion. This porous material was evaluated as a scaffold for cartilage regeneration. Articular chondrocytes from young adult patients as well as neonatal articular chondrocytes were seeded with various seeding techniques onto the porous BC scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and confocal microscopy analysis showed that cells entered the pores of the scaffolds and that they increasingly filled out the pores over time. Furthermore, DNA analysis implied that the chondrocytes proliferated within the porous BC. Alcian blue van Gieson staining revealed glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production by chondrocytes in areas where cells were clustered together. With some further development, this novel biomaterial can be a suitable candidate for cartilage regeneration applications.
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38.
  • Andersson, Jacob, et al. (författare)
  • Gamification of publication metadata : to playfully explore our data
  • 2015
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This report describes a project that aimed to create game concepts and games based on a set of data about research publications. This was done using linked open data, procedural content generation of game content, and iterative game development, with the aim of creating useful games and game concepts.
  •  
39.
  • Andersson, Jessica, et al. (författare)
  • Quality of Demand-Driven Documentation
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 37th Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia. - 9788773498767
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this case study we investigate how demand-driven documentation can be used in open source projects. The study relied on questions and answers (demand-driven documenta- tion) posted on Stack Overflow and studied two open source projects, Apache POI and Firefox for Android, in depth. We found that the demand driven documentation provided by the respec- tive community is in general of good quality and contributed within an acceptable amount of time. We conclude that demand driven documentation can be suitable as a primary information source if other resources accompany it. However, the suitability is closely related to the size and activity of the project’s community. 
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40.
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41.
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42.
  • Andersson, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • Utslagen fiskrekrytering och sviktande fiskbestånd i Kalmar läns kustvatten
  • 2000
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Undersökningar gjorda 1994-1997 i ett antal områden i Kalmarsund visade minskande bestånd av främst gädda och abborre samt en låg årsyngelproduktion vid jämförelse med tidigare studier. Observationerna stöddes av rapporter från fiskare och allmänhet och uppfattades så allvarliga, att ett tvåårigt forskningsprojekt beslutades genomföras för att dels dokumentera skadornas karaktär och geografiska utbredning, dels analyserade bakomliggande orsakerna. Projektet, som pågick under 1998-1999, omfattade ett flertal områden efter Kalmarsunds fastlandskust, ett område öster om Öland, samt några referensområden norr om sundet och ett söder därom. Inventerande provfisken och årsyngelundersökningar gjordes för att kartlägga fisksamhällets sammansättning och rekryteringen till de vuxna bestånden. Trålningar genomfördes under abborrens kläckningsperiod för att mäta tätheten av fisklarver samt undersöka deras överlevnad och tillväxt. I samband med detta gjordes insamlingar av djurplankton för att kartlägga larvernas födounderlag. Fält- och laboratorieexperiment genomfördes för att studera romutveckling, kläckning och larvöverlevnad hos gädda och abborre. Som stöd vid tolkningarna av resultaten inhämtades vattenkemiska data från den samordnade kustvattenkontrollen i Kalmar län.Tätheten av främst vuxen abborre men även gädda var mycket låg i områ­det mellan Emån och Revsudden i sundets mitt och andelen gamla fiskar var stor. Även längre ner mot länsgränsen fanns tecken på att bestånden var negativt påverkade. På lokalen vid östra Öland var tätheterna likaså mycket låga. Inventeringen av årsyngel gav en ännu mer negativ bild. Bara ett fåtal yngel av abborre och gädda fångades i hela Kalmarsundsområdet. Även yngel av karpfiskar,strömming och stubbar förekom i lågatätheter. Något påverkade alltså fiskrekryteringen så negativt, att även de vuxna bestånden av flertalet arter reducerats. Det strandnära yngel- och småfisksamhället dominerades av spiggar, vilka förekom i högre tätheter än i referensområdena. Resultaten från de lokaler som besökts vid upprepade tillfällen visade att skadorna förvärrats med tiden.Vattenkemiska data visade, att högsalt- eller ammoniumhalt knappast kunde vara en tänkbar förklaring till den uteblivna rekryteringen. Ammoniumhalterna når inte skadliga nivåer i rekryteringsområdena, och salthalten har minskat i stället för ökat i kustområdet under de senaste 10 åren. Såväl fält- som laboratorieexperimenten gav resultat som talar emot en toxisk påverkan på föräldrafiskar eller ägg och larver. Befruktningsgrad, kläckning och larvöverlevnad vartill synes normala. Undersökning av snäckor från de områden där kläckningsförsök och rekryteringsstudier genomfördes, visade att det åtminstone detta år inte förekom larver eller cerkarier ögonsugmasken Diplostomum sp. under den känsliga period då fisklarver kan dödas av parasitangrepp. Eutrofiering har förts fram som en tänkbar orsak till den sviktande fiskrekryteringen. Närsaltsdata visar att området är övergött, och en förändrad kvä­ve/fosforkvot antyder att primärproduktionen blivit alltmer kvävebegränsad under produktionsperioden senare år.Eutrofieringen yttrar sig som en ökning av primärproduktionen. Halterna klorofyll-a har tenderat att öka i de kustnära vattnen och bedöms som höga enligt Naturvårdsverkets bedömningsgrunder för miljökvalitet, Kust och Hav (1999). Under de senaste 4-5 åren har halterna emellertid sjunkit, vilket kan kopplas till ökat siktdjup. Utvecklingen indikerar att en större del av primärproduktionen under senare år sker i det bentiska växtsamhället. Denna utveckling ses inte i referensområdena. Även om en rik bottenvegetation normalt är positivt för fisk, kan alltför kraftig algpåväxt ha flera negativa effekter, t ex att leksubstraten försämras. En förskjutning av produktionen från pelagiska mikroalger till det bentiska systemet kan också innebära att fiskens födotillgång påverkas. Analyserna av zooplanktonproven visade tydliga avvikelser jämfört med referensmaterialen, såväl vad avser artsammansättning som täthet, och indikerar att födounderlaget försämrats för pelagiska fisklarver, t ex abborre, strömming och stubbar.Utsläppen från Mönsterås Bruk har också ansetts utgöra en möjlig förklaring. Om skadorna på fisk beror på eutrofiering, kan effekterna av brukets utsläpp ses som ett bidrag bland andra till den antropogena belastningen i området. Risken för att toxiska eller hormonellt stö­rande ämnen i avloppsvattnet påverkat fisken måste enligt resultaten från fält och laboratorieexperimenten bedömas vara liten.Kalmarsund hyser landets tätaste skarvkolonier. Teoretiska beräkningar, baserat på uppskattningar av skarvbeståndets storlek, visar att dess konsumtion skulle kunna uppgå till den totala produktionen av stationär fisk i området vilket kan vara en viktig förklaring till de minskande tätheterna. Det finns dock observationer som talar mot skarven som den enda bakomliggande faktorn. Årsyngel utnyttjas normalt inte som föda av skarvarna, och rekryteringen försämrades inte bara för de stationära arterna abborre och gädda, utan även för stubbar och sillar vars vuxna bestånd inte påverkas lika starkt av skarv. Modellsimuleringar visar dock, att i dagens situation kan skarvpredationen effektivt motverka att bestånden återhämtar sig när, förhoppningsvis, rekryteringen åter börjar bli normal.
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43.
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44.
  • Andersson K, Pernille, et al. (författare)
  • The How, What, and Why of Digitalizing Physical Retail Spaces
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: The 16th International Research Symposium on Advancing Service Research and Practice.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This aim of this study is to enhance the understanding of customer behavior and customer experience in the context of city centers and peripheral shopping centers and how the use of digitalized services affects this experience. In this paper we adopt a qualitative approach to explore consumers´ activities when visiting a city and/or a shopping center and the experiences connected to the visit. The study is based on data from 832 (55% female) with a M age = 48 years (range 17-91 years) consumers.When visiting a city center and/or a shopping center, customers engage with a variety of different touchpoints (Socchi, Hart and Haji, 2016). From a customer perspective these touchpoints create experiences that generates many types of values. In recent years, the mass media has warned for the demise of city and shopping centers commerce. This purported demise is mainly due to the strong growth of e-commerce. To meet this competition, the retail and hospitality industry has developed strategies to create new customer experiences and thus attract customers back to the city center’s physical places. As a consequence of the technical development, companies frequently try to influence customers’ experiences through various digitalized services, where these digitalized service have the potential to improve customer experience by providing superior and personalized services (Roy et al. 2016). The question is what impact such services have on customers’ experiences and how this, in turn, affects the profitability of the retail and hospitality industry as a whole.In order to shed light on the activities and experiences of visitors to city and shopping centers regular consumers were approach during a regular visit to such an area and asked to answer a few open ended questions.  The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Thematic analysis aims to identify and report on thematic patterns across the sample, which allows researchers to make interpretations of the data that reflect the reported reality of participants (Braun and Clarke, 2006; Hayes, 2000; Ruane and Wallace, 2013).The preliminary analysis of the data shows a variety of activities and touchpoints when visiting the city and shopping center. Seven themes emerged in our analysis of the participants´ responses: Relationship, Goal fulfillment, Experiences, Physical venue, Milieu, Practical usability and Non-intrusive.In order to make more sense of the seven themes a model were developed. In this model three of the themes were connected to the customer, two connected to the service provider and the last two connected to digital technology. These three clusters interact in different ways.The customer cluster contains the themes relationships, goal fulfilment and experiences. The themes in this cluster describe and vivifies the customer. The customer is not just a “shopping robot” jumping from touchpoint to touchpoint along a customer journey. The customer instead is a person with goals to fulfil but at the same time someone who has a great need of relationships on different levels and a person who will and want to experience things.The service provider cluster contains two themes. One were named physical venue and this is where the service provider, be it a storeowner or a restaurant owner for example, has the most direct control. It is also where the customer will go to fulfil his or her goals. Here the direct contact between customer and service provider can and will take place. The second theme in this cluster were named “milieu”. The milieu can be the space the customer needs to pass in order to get to the physical venue or other factors that the service provider do not have control over (e.g. public spaces and weather)The third and most interesting cluster concerns the digital technology, named practical usability and non-intrusive. Digitalization is highly interesting when it comes to the relationship between the customer and the service provider. The first theme described the importance of the usefulness of digital technology, and  in regards to digitalization the results indicates that digitalized services mostly fulfill utilitarian needs and works best in functional touchpoints. The theme called non-intrusive describes the relation between the customer and the digital technology. It may be somewhat drastic to talk about a two edged sword but on the one hand digital technology makes life easier and sometimes more joyful and at the same time the technology may disturb goal activities which leads to negative experiences.These findings is important because it offers help to those managing city and shopping centers in identify touchpoints that need to be digitalized and those who need to be reinforced through social activities This knowledge could also help managers develop strategies to create new customer experience, i.e. create good valuescapes, and thus tease customer back to the city and shopping center´s physical places.REFERENCESBraun, V. and Clarke, V., (2006), 'Using thematic analysis in psychology’, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3 (2) 77-101Hayes, N. (2000), Doing Psychological Research, Open University Press, Buckinghamshire.Ruane, L. and Wallace, E., (2013), 'Generation Y females online: insight from brand narratives', Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 16 (3) 315-335Roy, S. K., Balaji, M. S., Sadeque, S., Nguyen, B., and Mlewar, T. C., (2016), 'Constituents and consequences of smart customer experience in retailing', Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 124 257-270Stocchi, L., Hart, C., and Haji, I., (2016), 'Understanding the town centre customer experience (TCCE) ', Journal of Marketing Management, 32 (17-18) 1562-1587
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45.
  • Andersson, Louise, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Role of EphA4 receptor signaling in thyroid development: regulation of folliculogenesis and propagation of the C-cell lineage.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7170 .- 0013-7227. ; 152:3, s. 1154-64
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Transcriptome analysis revealed that the tyrosine kinase receptor EphA4 is enriched in the thyroid bud in mouse embryos. We used heterozygous EphA4-EGFP knock-in mice in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) replaced the intracellular receptor domain (EphA4(+/EGFP)) to localize EphA4 protein in thyroid primordial tissues. This showed that thyroid progenitors originating in the pharyngeal floor express EphA4 at all embryonic stages and when follicles are formed in late development. Also, the ultimobranchial bodies developed from the pharyngeal pouch endoderm express EphA4, but the ultimobranchial epithelium loses the EGFP signal before it merges with the median thyroid primordium. Embryonic C cells invading the thyroid are exclusively EphA4-negative. EphA4 expression continues in the adult thyroid. EphA4 knock-out mice and EphA4-EGFP homozygous mutants are euthyroid and have a normal thyroid anatomy but display subtle histological alterations regarding number, size, and shape of follicles. Of particular interest, the pattern of follicular abnormality differs between EphA4(-/-) and EphA4(EGFP/EGFP) thyroids. In addition, the number of C cells is reduced by >50% exclusively in animals lacking EphA4 forward signaling (EphA4(EGFP/EGFP)). Heterozygous EphA4 mutants have no apparent thyroid phenotype. We conclude that EphA4 is a novel regulator of thyroid morphogenesis that impacts on postnatal development of the two endocrine cell lineages of the differentiating gland. In this process both EphA4 forward signaling (in the follicular epithelium) and reverse signaling mediated by its cognate ligand(s) (A- and/or B-ephrins expressed in follicular cells and C cells, respectively) are probably functionally important.
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46.
  • Andersson, Staffan Karl Lennart, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Critical Factors Supporting the Implementation of Collaborative Robot Applications
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728129891
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The industrial collaborative robot (ICR) is a promising technology for automating assembly systems in manufacturing industries. Yet, ICRs are not widely implemented in the manufacturing industry as there are challenges during its implementation. Furthermore, current research lacks real-world case studies on ICR implementation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the critical factors supporting the implementation of ICR applications in assembly systems. A multiple-case study with eight case companies is presented in this paper, consisting of thirteen interviews. Moreover, critical factors were identified that could mitigate challenges in the ICR implementation process. By this, the study contributes to the current body of research by identifying and structuring the critical factors using a newness perspective. These factors can support the mitigation of potential challenges when manufacturers implement technology with a high novelty into their assembly systems. Specifically, this paper suggests that manufacturing companies focus on relieving operators from unergonomic tasks rather than focusing on high financial and efficiency gains. This finding contradicts previous research suggesting that financial gains are the main goal for manufacturing companies when implementing ICR applications. Moreover, how manufacturers work with external actors might change when implementing ICR applications, compared to traditional robots. Finally, we suggest testing the critical factors in a real-world case study investigating the whole implementing process to see if these factors, in fact, mitigate challenges. 
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47.
  • Andersson, Staffan Karl Lennart, et al. (författare)
  • Enabling problem-based education in collaboration with manufacturing companies
  • 2019
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A focus on problem-based education is crucial as students need to complement academic knowledge with real-life projects. Several concepts in problem-based education have been tried over the years with focus on preparing students for working life. This paper aims at creating a list of recommendation on how to enable learning in problem-based education. To do so, we collect data in a problem-based course at Mälardalen University in Sweden. The resulting list of recommendations contributes with guidelines on what to do, and what to avid to successfully enable learning in problem-based education
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48.
  • Andersson, Staffan Karl Lennart, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Experienced Challenges When Implementing Collaborative Robot Applications in Assembly Operations
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Automation Technology. - : FUJI TECHNOLOGY PRESS LTD. - 1881-7629 .- 1883-8022. ; 15:5, s. 678-688
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The industrial collaborative robot (ICR) application is a promising automation technology that combines human abilities with the repeatability and accuracy of an industrial robot. Yet, industrial challenges have prevented ICR applications from being implemented extensively in industry. Therefore, the purpose of the presented work is to deepen the knowledge of the key challenges that manufacturers experience during the implementation of ICR applications. In this study, a case study approach was used with eight companies to identify those challenges. The analysis of the qualitative data was conducted based on thirteen interviews with respondents from the industry to identify their challenges when implementing ICR applications. In this paper, a defined implementation process is presented that is combined with three significant areas of challenges relevant for the implementation of ICR applications, i.e., safety, knowledge, and functionality. Then, these areas are used as a basis to identify the corresponding challenges during the early implementation phases. The findings of the study point to an insufficient understanding of safety assessment and a lack of operator involvement in the pre-study phase that was propagated into the later implementation phases. The application design phase was identified to have several ad-hoc approaches due to a lack of knowledge concerning the application of ICR. In the factory installation phase, the challenges included increasing flexibility and ensuring standardised ways of working. This paper makes three distinct contributions to the research community. First, it provides rich data to the research concerning the implementation of applications of ICR, and it focuses on three areas, i.e., safety, knowledge, and functionality, and the challenges associated with their respective implementations. Second, contributions are made to the literature on implementing new technology, and they are focused on the early phases. Third, the results of this paper suggest that the role of system integrators might change in ICR application implementation projects. This paper contributes to practitioners a list of challenges that they might face during the implementation of ICR.
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49.
  • Andersson, Staffan Karl Lennart, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the Capabilities of Industrial Collaborative Robot Applications
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, Volume 13. - 9781614994398 ; , s. 109-118
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The increase in customization is pushing companies to use more advanced automation technologies in their production lines. Yet, assembly operations are predominantly performed by humans because of their ability to be flexible. The emergence of industrial collaborative robots provides an opportunity to have robots work alongside humans in a flexible and collaborative application. The aim of this study is to explore the industrial collaborative robot capabilities in a collaborative application compared to traditional robot applications. This interview study draws data from four companies with experience in industrial collaborative robot applications. The companies involved in this study experienced that there are several benefits of using an industrial collaborative robot but challenges still exist, in particular related to usability and the robot integration process.
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50.
  • Andersson, Staffan, 1987- (författare)
  • Supporting the Implementation of Industrial Robots in Collaborative Assembly Applications
  • 2021
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Until recently, few technologies have been applicable to increase flexibility in the manufacturers’ assembly applications, but the introduction of industrial robots in collaborative assembly applications provides such opportunities. Specifically, these collaborative assembly applications present an opportunity to, in a fenceless environment, combine the flexibility of the human with the accuracy, repeatability, and strengths of the robot while utilizing less floor space and allowing portable applications. However, despite the benefits of industrial robots in collaborative assembly applications, there are significant gaps in the literature preventing their implementation.Based on this background, the objective of this work is to support the implementation of industrial robots in collaborative assembly applications. To fulfill this objective, this work included two empirical studies; first, an interview study mapped the attributes of industrial robots in collaborative assembly applications. Second, a multiple-case study mapped the critical challenges and enabling activities when implementing these collaborative assembly applications. The studies were also combined with literature reviews aiming to fill the theoretical gaps. The work provides an implementation process with enabling activities that can mitigate critical challenges when implementing industrial robots in collaborative assembly applications. The implementation process shows enabling activities in the three first phases: pre-study, collaborative assembly application design, and assembly installation. These enabling activities are mapped to the 7M dimensions as a way to clearly show how they can support the implementation of industrial robots in collaborative assembly applications. The implementation process contributes to filling the identified gaps in the literature and provides practitioners with activities that managers could consider when implementing collaborative robots in collaborative assembly applications. Finally, this work suggests that future research could aim to validate the implementation process in a case study or investigate further the last two phases of the process. 
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