| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Participation in leisure activities and binge drinking in adults – findings from a Swedish general population sample.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Addiction Research & Theory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1606-6359 .- 1476-7392. ; 20:2, s. 172-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the associations between participation in different leisure activities and binge drinking in Swedish adults. The study was based on a questionnaire in a general population sample (n=3567) of individuals aged 19–64 years old. Men and women were defined as binge drinkers if they reported that they had consumed alcohol at least once a month, and stated that at a typical drinking occasion they consumed five or more standard glasses (12g of alcohol). Multivariate analyses found associations between binge drinking and socializing with friends among men aged 19–30 years (odds ratio, OR 2.88), in the 31–64 years old age group (OR 1.87). Corresponding results was found in younger women (OR 2.36). A higher OR was also found for younger men who regularly attended sporting events as spectators (OR 1.83), and among respondents in the older age group who regularly played computer or video games (OR 2.11 for women and 1.61 for men). A lower OR for binge drinking was found for men who regularly participated in religious services in both age-groups. Lower prevalence of binge drinking among women was only found in the younger group among those who regularly participated in sports/athletics or other training (OR 0.51). Our findings suggest that prevention strategies could benefit from an everyday life approach, but also that different interventions should be used in relation to specific leisure activities.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1975-
(författare)
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Benthic-Pelagic Microbial Interactions and Carbon Cycling in Clearwater Lakes
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the interactions among microbiota in clearwater lakes. Field sampling and field experiments were performed to evaluate interactions among microbiota and the importance of benthic versus pelagic microbiota in terms of biomass and production. In addition, carbon cycling in an oligotrophic clearwater lake was calculated. Biomass and production of microbiota was clearly focused to the benthic habitat. During natural nutrient concentrations growth of heterotrophic bacteria (benthic and pelagic) was coupled to production of microphytobenthos in Lake Eckarfjärden, indicating interactions between autotrophic and heterotrophic microbiota in, as well as between, habitats. At increased nutrient concentrations, growth of heterotrophic bacteria was not correlated to microphytobenthos production. This was explained by less release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from microphytobenthos when they got access to more nutrients. Further investigations showed different scenarios in oligotrophic clearwater lakes following increased nutrient concentrations. The interactions between microbiota may be altered following increased nutrient concentrations and the microbial mat either positively or negatively affect the pelagic microbiota. The most striking result was that the expected shift towards dominance of pelagic primary production does not necessarily occur. Major flows of carbon were identified between different habitats in the oligotrophic clearwater Lake Eckarfjärden, and the net result was that the benthic habitat provided carbon to the pelagial. High DOC concentrations in the lake together with low pelagic production are factors that would indicate net heterotrophy. Accordingly, the pelagial of Lake Eckarfjärden was net heterotrophic but when the benthic and littoral habitats were included in the calculations, the lake turned out to be net autotrophic. In conclusion, the benthic microbiota contributed significantly to the total production in the investigated lakes and had a major role in the lake metabolism. Thus, this thesis emphasises the importance of benthic microbiota in shallow clearwater lakes.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Kungahällaprojektet - en bakgrundsteckning
- 2002
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Ingår i: Kungahälla. Problem och forskning kring stadens äldsta historia. Skrifter utgivna av Bohusläns museum och Bohusläns hembygdsförbund nr 70, Lund Studies in Medieval Archaeology nr 28. - 0280-4174 .- 0283-6874. - 9176861376 - 9176861376 - 9122019316 - 9122019316 ; , s. 9-28
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kungahälla was the southernmost town in medieval Norway. The site, now in Sweden, is about 2 kmwest of today's Kungälv. Kungahälla occupies a significant place in the oldest written sources, the Norse sagas, where we have a glimpse of the important role that the town played in early medieval Norwegian society. Opinions have been divided as to how far back this role can he taken, but there is no certain written information before the first half of the twelfth century. The written sources nevertheless tell us that royal influence over the town was considerable. Kungahälla is first mentioned as one of six civitates in Norway in 1130, by the English historian Ordericus Vitalis. Kungahalla was the site of the first monastery to be founded in Bohuslan, Kastellekioster, an Augustinian house in all probability founded in the 1160s under the auspices of Archbishop Eystein. In the latter half of the thirteenth century a Franciscan friary was also built, mentioned for the first time in 1272. An important structure is the fortress on Ragnhildsholmen in Nordre Älv, completed by 1257 At the end of the nineteenth century, Wilhelm Berg investigated the ruins of the RagnhiIdsholmen fortress and a few years later the Augustinian friary, as well as parts of the town. A small-scale investigation of the Augustinian friary also took place in 1942. In the 1950s there were excavations of the Franciscan friary, when parts of a churchyard withthe remains of a surrounding wall were documented. In addition, parts of yet another churchyard with its wall remains were investigated in 1958. There was no concerted picture of the archaeological history of the place until publication no. 29 of the Medieval Town Project. During the 1980s the possibility of conducting new archaeological investigations within the area ofthe old town arose once again. After trial digs in 1985, a programme was drawn up for a project, the main aim of which was to determine the character of Kungahälla in the period up to the thineenth-century expansion. It is reasonable to regard the investigations of Kungahälla as part of the broad range of urban investigations geared to the Early Middle Ages in Scandinavia. What makes the Kungahälla Project particularly interesting is, of course, the geographical location of the town, along with the problems associated with the concept of urbanization that the archaeological findings have clearly demonstrated.There are several circumstances in the early development which, in our opinion, make it very interesting to formulate a more ambiguous concept of urbanization than scholars have previously workedwith. Ordericus mentions a civitas in the mid-1130s, but what did it look like, and what functions did it have? Was it a town in whatever sense we mean by the concept of town? Or is it the case that urbanization can stand for a much broader process, or be a narrow part of a much broader process for which we should use some other term? In the book we present the results of the investigations, also including a couple of more analytical sections (chapters 9 and 10) which sum up the findings and try to put them in a broader context, while also providing a point of departure for continued discussion.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Kungahällas urbanisering i ett västsvenskt perspektiv
- 2002
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Ingår i: Kungahälla. Problem och forskning kring stadens äldsta historia. Skrifter utgivna av Bohusläns museum och Bohusläns hembygdsförbund nr 70, Lund Studies in Medieval Archaeology nr 28. - 0283-6874 .- 0280-4174. - 9122019316 - 9176861376 - 9176861376 - 9122019316 ; , s. 187-199
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Transportdispenser : Analys av nutid och förslag på framtid
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Some transports considered too wide, too heavy, or too long to be driven on public roads must nevertheless be allowed to take place because of their societal importance. Such transports are granted a formal exception to the traffic rules. In this project, together with industry and national and local authorities we have analysed this process and submitted several proposals for improvement measures for consideration. The focus has been on increased digitalisation and improved legal processes. The analysis is based on interviews with municipal administrators, transporters and clients and representatives from Sweden's municipalities and regions, the Swedish Transport Administration, the Swedish Transport Agency, and the Swedish Police Authority. The interviews show substantial differences between how the Swedish Transport Administration and municipalities work with exemptions. Based on our analysis, we propose several individual measures as well as three design scenarios suggesting future opportunities for an improved process.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalt förarstöd vid dispenstransporter
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digital driver support for abnormal transports This report describes how the management of permits for abnormal transports could be improved through the development of a mobile digital support system. Insights have been gathered from several existing solutions in other countries as well as technology providers active in Sweden. Together with interviews and workshops with local and national government officials and industry representatives they form the basis of an analysis of digitalization and policy requirements for consideration in an ongoing mission to make abnormal transport permits more efficient led by the Swedish Transport Administration. The project was funded by the Swedish Transport Administration.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Maria L. E., et al.
(författare)
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Early increase in serum-COMP is associated with joint damage progression over the first five years in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Currently available biomarkers for the early tissue process leading to joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis are insufficient and lack prognostic accuracy, possibly a result of variable activity of the disease over time. This study represents a novel approach to detect an altered activity of the disease process detected as increasing serum-COMP levels over a short time and whether this would correlate with joint damage progression over the first 5 years of disease. Methods: In all, 349 patients from the Swedish BARFOT early RA study were examined. Serum-COMP was analysed by ELISA at diagnosis and after 3 months. Based on changes in serum-COMP levels, three subgroups of patients were defined: those with unchanged levels (change <= 20%) (N=142), decreasing levels (> 20%) (N=173) and increasing levels (> 20%) (N=34). Radiographs of hands and feet were obtained at inclusion, after 1, 2 and 5 years and scored according to Sharp van der Heijde (SHS). Radiographic progression was defined as increase in SHS by >= 5.8. Results: The group of patients with increasing COMP levels showed higher median change in total SHS and erosion scores at 1, 2 and 5 year follow-up compared with the groups with stable or decreasing COMP levels. Furthermore, the odds ratio of radiographic progression was 2.8 (95% CI 1.26-6.38) for patients with increasing COMP levels vs. patients with unchanged levels. The group of patients with increasing COMP levels had higher ESR at inclusion but there were no baseline differences between the groups for age, gender, disease duration, disease activity (DAS28), function (HAQ), CRP, nor presence of rheumatoid factor or anti-CCP. Importantly, neither did changes over the 3-month period in DAS28, HAQ, ESR nor CRP differ between the groups and these variables did not correlate to joint damage progression. Conclusion: Increasing serum-COMP levels between diagnosis and the subsequent 3 months in patients with early RA represents a novel indicator of an activated destructive process in the joint and is a promising tool to identify patients with significant joint damage progression during a 5-year period.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Siv GE, et al.
(författare)
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The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria
- 1998
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 396:6707, s. 133-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe here the complete genome sequence (1,111,523 base pairs) of the obligate intracellular parasite Rickettsia prowazekii, the causative agent of epidemic typhus. This genome contains 834 protein-coding genes. The functional profiles of these genes show similarities to those of mitochondrial genes: no genes required for anaerobic glycolysis are found in either R. prowazekii or mitochondrial genomes, but a complete set of genes encoding components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory-chain complex is found in R. prowazekii. In effect, ATP production in Rickettsia is the same as that in mitochondria. Many genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of biosynthesis of amino acids and nucleosides in free-living bacteria are absent from R. prowazekii and mitochondria. Such genes seem to have been replaced by homologues in the nuclear (host) genome. The R. prowazekii genome contains the highest proportion of non-coding DNA (24%) detected so far in a microbial genome. Such non-coding sequences may be degraded remnants of 'neutralized' genes that await elimination from the genome. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that R. prowazekii is more closely related to mitochondria than is any other microbe studied so far.
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| 13. |
- Avby, Gunilla, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Samarbete bygger en stark primärvård
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter 2017-08-17. - Stockholm : Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 14. |
- Bengtsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Mind the gap! Moving from awareness to action : Showcasing emergent research from the Swedish Graduate School in Education for Sustainable Development (GRESD)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Abstract list of WEEC 2015. - : WEEC.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: The main purpose of the symposium is to showcase some recent research findings produced by PhD students accepted by or affiliated with the Swedish Graduate School in Education for Sustainable development (GRESD). Objectives: GRESD started as a state sponsored one-time research capacity development project that accepted 9 post-graduate student and included additional 9 post-graduate students all focusing on ESD in their PhD projects. With the project coming to an end and having produced a number of dissertations targeting an international research audience, it is the intention to showcase some of the central contributions made and to receive feedback on from practitioners and researchers on how existent research projects can tie into and contribute to existent demands in environmental education (EE) practice and practice. The presentations of research results are aimed to cover a wide range of issues, including topics such as evaluation of classroom practices, students qualifications, globalization and teachers’ ethical reflections the role of place-specific artifacts in learning. As GRESD is a collaboration between eight universities with their specific traditions and approaches to educational research, approaches show a creative variety of theoretical backgrounds. This variation is also reflected in the presentations that are putting into play Lacanian psychoanalysis, discourse theory, pragmatist theory and phenomenography in order to shed new light on critical areas of environmental education. Methods: The symposium will consist of an introduction (10 minutes) brief presentations (10-15 minutes each) of central research findings in the context of their overarching research projects, followed by a synthesis and suggestions by a selected commentator (20 minutes) and general discussions with the audience (20 minutes). The dialogue following the presentations is intended to outline possible future research projects as well as emerging areas topics in the portrayed GRESD research that could feed into existing demands in EE practice and research.
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| 15. |
- Bergknut, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of potentially toxic compounds in complex extracts of environmental samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - New York : Pergamon. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 26:2, s. 208-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we examined 31 samples of varying chemical composition, including samples of soils from gasworks, coke production sites, and sites where wood preservatives were heavily used; ash and soot from municipal solid waste incinerators; antiskid sand; and dust from areas with heavy road traffic. The samples were comprehensively chemically characterized, especially their polycyclic aromatic compound contents, using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, whereas their biological effects were assessed using dehydrogenase activity, root growth (Hordeum vulgare), reproduction of springtails (Folsomia candida), algal growth (Desmodesmus subspicatus), germinability (Sinapis alba), Vibrio fischeri, DR-CALUX, and Ames Salmonella assays. The number of compounds detected in the samples ranged from 123 to 527. Using the multivariate regression technique of partial-least-squares projections to latent structures, it was possible to find individual compounds that exhibited strong correlations with the different biological responses. Some of the results, however, indicate that a broader chemical characterization may be needed to identify all the compounds that may cause the measured biological responses.
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| 16. |
- Bergknut, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of potentially toxic compounds in complex extracts of environmental samples using GC-MS and multivariate data analysis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 26:2, s. 208-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we examined 31 samples of varying chemical composition, including samples of soils from gasworks, coke production sites, and sites where wood preservatives were heavily used; ash and soot from municipal solid waste incinerators; antiskid sand; and dust from areas with heavy road traffic. The samples were comprehensively chemically characterized, especially their polycyclic aromatic compound contents, using gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry, whereas their biological effects were assessed using dehydrogenase activity, root growth (Hordeum vulgare), reproduction of springtails (Folsomia candida), algal growth (Desmodesmus subspicatus), germinability (Sinapis alba), Vibrio fischeri, DR-CALUX, and Ames Salmonella assays. The number of compounds detected in the samples ranged from 123 to 527. Using the multivariate regression technique of partial-least-squares projections to latent structures, it was possible to find individual compounds that exhibited strong correlations with the different biological responses. Some of the results, however, indicate that a broader chemical characterization may be needed to identify all the compounds that may cause the measured biological responses.
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| 17. |
- Dillner, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Randomized healthservices study of human papillomavirus-based management of low-grade cytological abnormalities.
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; okt, s. 151-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-based management of women with borderline (ASCUS) or mildly abnormal (CINI) cervical cytology has been extensively studied in the research setting. We wished to assess safety and healthcare resource use of a real-life healthcare policy using HPV triaging.All 15 outpatient clinics involved in the organized population-based screening program in Stockholm, Sweden screening program were randomized to either continue with prior policy (colposcopy of all women with ASCUS/CINI) or to implement a policy with HPV triaging and colposcopy only of HPV-positive women. The trial enrolled the 3319 women that were diagnosed with ASCUS (n=1335) or CINI (n=1984) in Stockholm during 17(th) March 2003 to 16(th) January 2006. Detection of high-grade cervical lesions (CINII+) and health care cost consumption was studied by registry linkages.The proportion of histopathology-verified CINII+ was similar for the 2 policies (395/1752 women (22.5%; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 20,6-24,6%) had CINII+ diagnosed with HPV triaging policy, 318/1567 women (20.3%; 95%CI: 18,3-22,4%)) had CINII+ with colposcopy policy). 64% of women with ASCUS and 77% of women with CINI were HPV-positive. HPV-positivity was age-dependent, with 81% of women below 35 years of age and 44% of women above 45 years of age testing HPV-positive. HPV triaging was cost-effective only above 35 years of age.In conclusion, a real-life randomised healthservices study of HPV triaging of women with ASCUS/CINI demonstrated similar detection of CINII+ as colposcopy of all women.
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| 18. |
- Enroth, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of QuickFISH and maldi Sepsityper for identification of bacteria in bloodstream infection
- 2019
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 51:4, s. 249-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns are critical to guide therapeutic decision-making for optimal care of septic patients. The current gold standard, blood culturing followed by subculture on agar plates for subsequent identification, is too slow leading to excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotic with harmful consequences for the patient and, in the long run, the public health. The aim of the present study was to assess the performance of two commercial assays, QuickFISH® (OpGen) and Maldi Sepsityper™ (Bruker Daltonics) for early and accurate identification of microorganisms directly from positive blood cultures.Materials and methods: During two substudies of positive blood cultures, the two commercial assays were assessed against the routine method used at the clinical microbiology laboratory, Unilabs AB, at Skaraborg Hospital, Sweden.Results: The Maldi Sepsityper™ assay enabled earlier microorganism identification. Using the cut-off for definite species identification according to the reference method (>2.0), sufficiently accurate species identification was achieved, but only among Gram-negative bacteria. The QuickFISH®assay was time-saving and showed high concordance with the reference method, 94.8% (95% CI 88.4–98.3), when the causative agent was covered by the QuickFISH® assay.Conclusions: The use of the commercial assays may shorten the time to identification of causative agents in bloodstream infections and can be a good complement to the current clinical routine diagnostics. Nevertheless, the performance of the commercial assays is considerably affected by the characteristics of the causative agents.
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| 19. |
- Hammarstrand, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water and risk for polycystic ovarian syndrome, uterine leiomyoma, and endometriosis: A Swedish cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Perfluorinated substances (PFAS) are chemicals with endocrine disruptive properties that may interfere with the female reproductive system. However, few studies have explored the association between benign gynecological diseases and high PFAS exposure. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between PFAS exposure and subsequent diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), uterine leiomyoma (fibroids), and endometriosis in a cohort exposed to PFAS through drinking water. Material and methods: In 2013, high levels (with sum of PFAS above 10,000 ng/L), dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), were found in the drinking water from one of the two waterworks in Ronneby, Sweden. The contamination came from firefighting foams used at a nearby airfield. Females of all ages (n = 29,106) who had ever resided in the municipality between 1985 and 2013 formed a cohort. Individual exposure was assessed based on municipality waterworks distribution data linked to annual residential address data; 27% of the females had ever lived at an address with PFAS-contaminated water. Gynecological health outcomes were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association between exposure and each diagnosis. Results: There were in all 161 cases of PCOS, 1,122 cases of uterine leiomyoma, and 373 cases of endometriosis. In women aged 20-50 years (n = 18,503), those with the highest estimated PFAS exposure had increased hazard ratios (HR) for PCOS (HR = 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43, 3.34) and uterine leiomyoma (HR = 1.28; 95% CI 0.95, 1.74). No increased HR for endometriosis was found (HR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.42, 1.29). Conclusions: Exposure to high levels of PFAS in drinking water was associated with increased risk of PCOS and possibly uterine leiomyoma, but not endometriosis. The findings for PCOS are consistent with prior studies reporting positive associations between PCOS and PFAS exposure at background levels.
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| 20. |
- Hennings, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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The presence of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA appears to protect primary health care workers from COVID-19.
- 2022
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Ingår i: European journal of immunology. - : Wiley. - 1521-4141 .- 0014-2980. ; 52:5, s. 800-809
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The patterns of humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 were studied in Swedish primary health care workers (n = 156) for 6 months during the Covid-19 pandemic. Serum IgA and IgG to SARS-CoV-2, T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion, demographic and clinical data, PCR-verified infection, and self-reported symptoms were monitored. The multivariate method OPLS-DA was used to identify immune response patterns coupled to protection from Covid-19. Contracting Covid-19 was associated with SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing serum IgG, T cell, IFN-γ, and granzyme B responses to SARS-CoV-2, self-reported typical Covid-19 symptoms, male sex, higher BMI, and hypertension. Not contracting Covid-19 was associated with female sex, IgA-dominated, or no antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, airborne allergy, and smoking. The IgG-responders had SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses including a cytotoxic CD4+ T-cell population expressing CD25, CD38, CD69, CD194, CD279, CTLA-4, and granzyme B. IgA-responders with no IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 constituted 10% of the study population. The IgA responses were partially neutralizing and only seen in individuals who did not succumb to Covid-19. To conclude, serum IgG-dominated responses correlated with T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and PCR-confirmed Covid-19, whereas IgA-dominated responses correlated with not contracting the infection.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Jennbert, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Certain humans, certain animals : attitudes in the long term
- 2014
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Ingår i: Exploring the animal turn : Human-animal relations in science, society and culture. - 9789197989381 ; , s. 183-192
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Do certain humans and animals have greater value than other humans and animals? The question will be discussed using some examples from pre-Christian burial practices and other depositions of human and animal bones in Scandinavia. During the pre-Christian period it seems that certain humans and certain animals were buried in graves made for the purpose, while other humans and animals were deposited in other contexts, for example in settlements and wetlands. The classification of species seems to be different from that in modern urban Western societies, and this raises questions concerning attitudes to animals and humans in the long term. Archaeological findings challenge the anthropocentric worldview of a stable human/animal division that has been one of the fundamentals for the development of modern Western societies.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Kjellström, Sofia, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring, measuring and enhancing the coproduction of health and well-being at the national, regional and local levels through comparative case studies in Sweden and England : the 'Samskapa' research programme protocol
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:Cocreation, coproduction and codesign are advocated as effective ways of involving citizens in the design, management, provision and evaluation of health and social care services. Although numerous case studies describe the nature and level of coproduction in individual projects, there remain three significant gaps in the evidence base: (1) measures of coproduction processes and their outcomes, (2) mechanisms that enable inclusivity and reciprocity and (3) management systems and styles. By focusing on these issues, we aim to explore, enhance and measure the value of coproduction for improving the health and well-being of citizens.METHODS AND ANALYSIS:Nine ongoing coproduction projects form the core of an interactive research programme ('Samskapa') during a 6-year period (2019-2024). Six of these will take place in Sweden and three will be undertaken in England to enable knowledge exchange and cross-cultural comparison. The programme has a longitudinal case study design using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Cross-case analysis and a sensemaking process will generate relevant lessons both for those participating in the projects and researchers. Based on the findings, we will develop explanatory models and other outputs to increase the sustained value (and values) of future coproduction initiatives in these sectors.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:All necessary ethical approvals will be obtained from the regional Ethical Board in Sweden and from relevant authorities in England. All data and personal data will be handled in accordance with General Data Protection Regulations. Given the interactive nature of the research programme, knowledge dissemination to participants and stakeholders in the nine projects will be ongoing throughout the 6 years. External workshops-facilitated in collaboration with participating case studies and citizens-both during and at the end of the programme will provide an additional dissemination mechanism and involve health and social care practitioners, policymakers and third-sector organisations.
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| 25. |
- Kjellström, Sofia, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Leadership as a driver for work motivation : a study of well-functioning primary healthcare centers in Sweden
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Little is known about how, why, or under which circumstances work motivation is formed and linked to reforms and interventions.Aim: The aim of this study is to explore work motivation among professionals at well-functioning primary healthcare centers subject to a national healthcare reform which include financial incentives.Material & method: Five primary healthcare centers in Sweden were purposively selected for being well-operated and representing public/private and small/large units. Forty-three interviews were completed with different medical professions and qualitative deductive content analysis was conducted.Results: Work motivation exists for professionals when their individual goals are aligned with the organizational goals and the design of the reform. The centers’ positive management was due to a unique combination of factors, such as clear direction of goals, a culture of nonhierarchical collaboration, and systematic quality improvement work. Social processes where professionals work together as cohesive groups, and provided space for quality improvement work is pivotal in addressing how alignment is created. The units expressed a collective capacity to produce direction, alignment and commitment.Conclusions: The design of the reforms and leadership are essential preconditions for work motivation. Leaders need to consistently translate and integrate reforms with the professionals’ drives and values. This is done by encouraging participation through teamwork, time for structured reflection and quality improvement work. The values of the study consist of showing how a range of aspects combine for primary healthcare professionals to successfully manage external reforms, and how professionals collectively produce leadership.
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| 26. |
- Kjellström, Sofia, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Work motivation among healthcare professionals: A study of well-functioning primary healthcare centers in Sweden.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Organization and Management [1477-7266]. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1477-7266 .- 1758-7247. ; 31:4, s. 487-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore work motivation among professionals at well-functioningprimary healthcare centers subject to a national healthcare reform which include financial incentives. Design/methodology/approach – Five primary healthcare centers in Sweden were purposively selectedfor being well-operated and representing public/private and small/large units. In total, 43 interviews werecompleted with different medical professions and qualitative deductive content analysis was conducted. Findings – Work motivation exists for professionals when their individual goals are aligned with the organizational goals and the design of the reform. The centers’ positive management was due to a unique combination of factors, such as clear direction of goals, a culture of non-hierarchical collaboration, and systematicquality improvement work. The financial incentives need to be translated in terms of quality patient care to provide clear direction for the professionals. Social processes where professionals work together as cohesive groups, and provided space for quality improvement work is pivotal in addressing how alignment is created. Practical implications – Leaders need to consistently translate and integrate reforms with the professionals’ drives and values. This is done by encouraging participation through teamwork, time for structured reflection, and quality improvement work. Social implications – The design of the reforms and leadership are essential preconditions for work motivation. Originality/value – The study offers a more complete picture of how reforms are managed at primary healthcare centers, as different medical professionals are included. The value also consists of showing how a range of aspects combine for primary healthcare professionals to successfully manage external reforms.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Lundgren, Anna, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Plasmablasts in previously immunologically naive COVID-19 patients express markers indicating mucosal homing and secrete antibodies cross-reacting with SARS-CoV-2 variants and other beta-coronaviruses
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 213:2, s. 173-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antigen-specific class-switched antibodies are detected at the same time or even before IgM in serum of non-vaccinated individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. These derive from the first wave of plasmablasts formed. Hence, the phenotype and specificity of plasmablasts can reveal information about early B-cell activation. Here we have analyzed B cells and plasmablasts circulating in blood of COVID-19 patients not previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 during and after disease. We find that during infection with the original Wuhan strain, plasmablasts in blood produce IgA1, IgG1, and IgM, and that most express CCR10 and integrin beta 1, only some integrin beta 7, while the majority lack CCR9. Plasmablast-secreted antibodies are reactive to the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins of the Wuhan strain as well as later variants of concern, but also bind S proteins from endemic and non-circulating betacoronaviruses. In contrast, after recovery, antibodies produced from memory B cells target variants of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 but compared to previously non-infected individuals do not show increased binding to endemic coronaviruses. This suggests that the early antibody response to a large extent stems from pre-existing cross-reactive class-switched memory B cells, and that although newly formed memory cells target the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus the numbers of broadly cross-reactive memory B cells do not increase extensively. The observations give insight into the role of pre-existing memory B cells in early antibody responses to novel pathogens and may explain why class-switched antibodies are detected early in the serum of COVID-19 patients. During an infection, plasmablasts circulating in blood represent ongoing formation of antibody-producing cells from activated B cells. Here we study the early plasmablasts in previously naive COVID-19 patients arriving at hospital. We find extensive cross-reactivity to circulating and non-circulating beta-coronaviruses, that IgA1 responses dominate, and that the cells express markers suggesting mucosal homing.
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| 29. |
- Penttinen, Olle, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards flow measurement with passive accelerometers
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Flow Measurement and Instrumentation. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0955-5986 .- 1873-6998. ; 80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this project has been to find suitable methods for flow measurement and characterization with passive accelerometers. The objectives were twofold. Firstly, the process industry could make use of such a sensor for process surveillance. Secondly, the water utilities of today lack simple and cost-efficient alternatives to equip their ageing infrastructures with online flow meters. These kinds of efforts are necessary for the realization of smart maintenance and for the decrease of the currently increasing amount of maintenance needs water utilities of today are experiencing. Liquid flowing in a pipe generates vibrations, detectable with accelerometers fitted along the pipe exterior. The correlated sound from synchronized accelerometers experience a lag which is dependent on the flow rate. Also, if the acquired sound is further processed, there exist a possibility to extract enough features to estimate some additional characteristics, in this case temperature. Experiments were performed at two nominal temperatures, 20 °C and 40 °C. A deep neural network was constructed for non-linear regression purposes to predict flow velocities based on lag and mean frequencies of the vibrations. Further, a proof of concept for this methodology was shown which reached a root mean square deviation from 100.8 L/min to 171.1 L/min for a nominal flow range of 0 to 1500 L/min. In addition, we train a k-nearest neighbour classifier to predict the nominal temperature of our validation dataset with 83 percent accuracy. The work was performed at RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, serving as Sweden's national metrology institute for liquid flow and acoustics. © 2021 The Authors
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Rylander, David, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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On the viability of autonomous follower truck convoys
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 15th ITS European Congress, Lisbon, Portugal, 22-24 May-2023.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous follower truck convoy (AFTC) is a concept that addresses the major shortage of truck drivers and increasing transport costs. The AFTC concept can be described as a vehicle convoy concept consisting of two or more vehicles where the first, lead vehicle has a human driver and where the following vehicles in the convoy are driverless. The argument is made that this technology is less technically complex than single autonomous vehicles and targets higher economic values compared to driver-assisted platooning functions. The contribution of this paper is a viability study of the AFTC concept. The conclusions from the study are that the concept viability depends on the continuous evolvement of three main factors. The emergence of autonomous capabilities, legal frameworks, and logistics actors’ interest in adapting current processes and infrastructure to meet the operational limitations of the concept.
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| 33. |
- Salameh, Eva-Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Flerspråkig utveckling
- 2018
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Ingår i: Språkutveckling och språkstörning hos barn, del 3. - 9789144097121 ; , s. 33-70
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bokkapitel som behandlar flerspråkig utveckling, myter missförstånd, olika typer av flerspråkighet samt utveckling av de olika språkliga domänerna utifrån en flerspråkig kontext.
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| 34. |
- Stockfelt, Leo, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution, Black Carbon, and Their Source Components in Relation to Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - Durham : National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 127:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but few studies have considered incident disease in relation to PM from different sources.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study associations between long-term exposure to different types of PM and sources, and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in three Swedish cities.METHODS: ), and black carbon (BC) from road wear, traffic exhaust, residential heating, and other sources in Gothenburg, Stockholm, and Umeå. Registry data for participants from four cohorts were used to obtain incidence of IHD and stroke for first hospitalization or death. We constructed time windows of exposure for same-year, 1- to 5-y, and 6- to 10-y averages preceding incidence from annual averages at residential addresses. Risk estimates were based on random effects meta-analyses of cohort-specific Cox proportional hazard models.RESULTS: exposure from residential heating.DISCUSSION: Few consistent associations were observed between different particulate components and IHD or stroke. However, long-term residential exposure to locally emitted BC from traffic exhaust was associated with stroke incidence. The comparatively low exposure levels may have contributed to the paucity of associations.
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| 35. |
- Sönnerfors, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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The challenges of recruiting never-smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the large population-based Swedish cardiopulmonary bioimage study (SCAPIS) cohort
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2001-8525. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A substantial proportion of individuals with COPD have never smoked, and it is implied to be more common than previously anticipated but poorly studied.Aim: To describe the process of recruitment of never-smokers with COPD from a population-based cohort (n = 30 154).Methods: We recruited never-smokers with COPD, aged 50–75 years, from six University Hospitals, based on: 1) post broncho-dilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) < 0.70 and 2) FEV1 50–100% of predicted value and 3) being never-smokers (self-reported). In total 862 SCAPIS participants were identified, of which 652 were reachable and agreed to a first screening by telephone. Altogether 128 (20%) were excluded due to previous smoking or declined participation. We also applied a lower limit of normal (LLN) of FEV1/FVC (z-score<-1.64) according to the Global Lung Initiative to ensure a stricter definition of airflow obstruction.Results: Data on respiratory symptoms, health status, and medical history were collected from 492 individuals, since 32 were excluded at a second data review (declined or previous smoking), prior to the first visit. Due to not matching the required lung function criteria at a second spirometry, an additional 334 (68%) were excluded. These exclusions were by reason of: FEV1/FVC ≥0.7 (49%), FEV1 > 100% of predicted (26%) or z-score ≥ −1,64 (24%). Finally, 154 never-smokers with COPD were included: 56 (36%) women, (mean) age 60 years, FEV1 84% of predicted, FEV1/FVC: 0.6, z-score: −2.2, Oxygen saturation: 97% and BMI: 26.8 kg/m2.Conclusions: The challenges of a recruitment process of never-smokers with COPD were shown, including the importance of correct spirometry testing and strict inclusion criteria. Our findings highlight the importance of repeated spirometry assessments for improved accuracy in diagnosing COPD.
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| 36. |
- Törnquist, Alba Lucia, et al.
(författare)
-
Visual evoked potentials after hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation in childhood
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Clinical Neurophysiology Practice. - : Elsevier. - 2467-981X. ; 2, s. 67-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study visual pathway pathology detected by visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in childhood and to determine the impact of adverse ocular findings, somatic diseases, and conditioning regimens on the VEP results.METHODS: Ophthalmological assessments including pattern VEPs were performed in 47 of 79 patients at a median age of 15 years (range 3-21 years) in median 6 years (1-17 years) after HSCT. Somatic data were extracted from medical records.RESULTS: Eight patients of 47 (17%) demonstrated pathological VEPs with prolonged latencies bilaterally (n = 3) or unilaterally (n = 5) at their latest VEP test at an age of 12-18 years. A subnormal visual acuity was present in 8/11 eyes with pathological VEPs: one eye had cataract, six eyes had cataract surgery where of two had developed secondary cataracts. One eye had residual retinopathy of prematurity. Pathological VEPs were associated with decreased visual acuity (p = 0.00019) but not linked to gender, malignant diagnosis or conditioning.CONCLUSION: VEP recordings showed an association with decreased visual acuity but no relationship with irradiation or chemotherapy in the present study.SIGNIFICANCE: VEP recordings might be of clinical value for children with an unexplained subnormal visual acuity undergoing HSCT.
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| 37. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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A human protein atlas for normal and cancer tissues based on antibody proteomics
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 4:12, s. 1920-1932
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibody-based proteomics provides a powerful approach for the functional study of the human proteome involving the systematic generation of protein-specific affinity reagents. We used this strategy to construct a comprehensive, antibody-based protein atlas for expression and localization profiles in 48 normal human tissues and 20 different cancers. Here we report a new publicly available database containing, in the first version, similar to 400,000 high resolution images corresponding to more than 700 antibodies toward human proteins. Each image has been annotated by a certified pathologist to provide a knowledge base for functional studies and to allow queries about protein profiles in normal and disease tissues. Our results suggest it should be possible to extend this analysis to the majority of all human proteins thus providing a valuable tool for medical and biological research.
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| 38. |
- Zeng, Jiao, et al.
(författare)
-
High-resolution structure of a fish aquaporin reveals a novel extracellular fold
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Life Science Alliance. - : Life Science Alliance, LLC. - 2575-1077. ; 5:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aquaporins are protein channels embedded in the lipid bilayer in cells from all organisms on earth that are crucial for water homeostasis. In fish, aquaporins are believed to be important for osmoregulation; however, the molecular mechanism behind this is poorly understood. Here, we present the first structural and functional characterization of a fish aquaporin; cpAQP1aa from the fresh water fish climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), a species that is of high osmoregulatory interest because of its ability to spend time in seawater and on land. These studies show that cpAQP1aa is a water-specific aquaporin with a unique fold on the extracellular side that results in a constriction region. Functional analysis combined with molecular dynamic simulations suggests that phosphorylation at two sites causes structural perturbations in this region that may have implications for channel gating from the extracellular side.
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| 39. |
- Afzali Far, Behrouz, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic Isotropy in 6-DOF Kinematically Constrained Platforms by Three Elastic Nodal Joints
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Precision Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-6359. ; 45, s. 342-358
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The principle of kinematic design has a wide range of applications e.g. from optical mirror mounts to parallel robots. Despite the importance of dynamic isotropy in the optimization of dynamic performance, a thorough analysis of dynamic isotropy in different kinematic arrangements has not yet been addressed in the literature. Dynamic isotropy, leading to equal eigenfrequencies, is a powerful optimization measure. In this paper, we present fully-parametric solutions for obtaining dynamic isotropy in general 3D platforms kinematically constrained by three elastic nodal joints in 6 DOFs. It is analytically shown that there exist two possible kinematic arrangements which are described by 3-2-1 and 2-2-2 kinematic node spaces. Both kinematic arrangements are studied with respect to their Jacobian formulation, Jacobian singularity and stiffness decoupling. It is proven that decoupling of stiffness matrices and accordingly dynamic isotropy for both kinematic arrangements are possible. Subsequently, conditions concerning geometry, stiffness and inertia in order to obtain dynamic isotropy are parametrically established. Finally, it is numerically demonstrated that the presented formulation is general enough even for being directly used, as a novel and efficient approach, in order to design dynamically isotropic 6-6 Gough–Stewart platforms (6-6 hexapods).
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| 40. |
- Afzali Far, Behrouz, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of strut inertia on the vibrations in initially symmetric Gough-Stewart Platforms-an analytical study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Sound and Vibration. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-460X. ; 352, s. 142-157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consideration of strut inertia can have significant influence on the modal behavior of a Gough-Stewart Platform (GSP). However, in the literature, the strut inertia has not yet been taken into account in its vibration study with a parametric approach. In this paper, we present a fully parametric approach to formulate the damped vibrations of GSPs taking into account the strut masses and moments of inertia for symmetric configurations. For the first time, a combined 6 x 6 equivalent inertia matrix (mass matrix), including both the inertia properties of the platform and the struts, is formulated parametrically. Subsequently, the eigenvectors and the damped eigenfrequencies are also parametrically developed in the Cartesian space. Furthermore, the conditions for the decouplecl vibrations and the effect of strut inertia on these conditions are analytically investigated. With the aid of a reference GSP, the influence of the strut inertia on its modal behavior is systematically investigated. Accordingly, it is concluded that the parametric equations established in this paper can be directly employed in the analysis, optimization and control of GSPs in any application. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 41. |
- Agelii, Monica Leu, et al.
(författare)
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Misdiagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Long-Term Cohort of Early Arthritis Based on the ACR-1987 Classification Criteria
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Open Access Rheumatology: Research and Reviews. - 1179-156X. ; 14, s. 187-194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Correct diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is essential for optimal treatment choices. No pathognomonic test is available, and diagnosis is based on classification criteria, which can result in misdiagnosis. Here, we examined the differences between actual and misdiagnosed RA cases in a long-term cohort of patients included based on the ACR-1987 classification criteria. Methods: Patients in the BARFOT (Better Anti-Rheumatic PharmacOTherapy) cohort (n=2543) with at least four follow-up visits during the initial 5 years from enrolment were assessed, and a change in diagnosis was reported by the treating rheumatologist. The groups were analysed with respect to the individual classification criteria, antibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA), disease activity (DAS28) and radiographic changes from inclusion up to 2 years. Results: Forty-five patients (1.8%) were misdiagnosed (RA-change group). When compared to those in the RA-change group, the patients who kept their diagnosis (RA-keep) were more often RF positive (64% vs 21%, p<0.001) or ACPA positive (59% vs 8%, p<0.001). They were also more likely to fulfil more than four ACR-1987 criteria (64% vs 33%, p<0.001) and to have radiographic changes at inclusion (RA-keep 27% vs RA-change 12%, p=0.04). The groups had a similar evolution of DAS28 and its components as well as of radiological joint destruction. Conclusion: Diagnosis of RA according to the ACR-1987 criteria had a high precision in this long-term cohort. A diagnosis of RA should be re-evaluated in patients who do not fulfil more than four ACR-1987 criteria especially in patients negative for RF.
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| 42. |
- Ahadi, Aylin, et al.
(författare)
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Increased examination frequency and learning for a large group of students early in their education
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract—Denna artikel beskriver hur undervisningen i grundkursen i mekanik för maskinteknik förändrades för att främja djupinlärning hos studenterna och öka examinationsfrekvensen. Strategin var baserad på utökade möjligheter för aktiv inlärning och styrning av inlärning genom att införa förändringar i examinationen. Under kursens gång implementerades kontinuerlig examination med inlämningsuppgifter och två deltentamina där kursboken och en ordlista med viktiga begrepp kunde användas som hjälpmedel. Resultaten visade en signifikant ökning av examinationsfrekvensen och även en ökning av studenternas motivation och engagemang i kursen jämfört med tidigare år. Pedagogiska aktiviteter som en introduktionsföreläsning, muntlig problempresentation och kamratgranskning skulle kunna skapa ännu bättre förutsättningar för djupinlärning
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| 43. |
- Ajeganova, S., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term fracture risk in rheumatoid arthritis: impact of early sustained DAS28-remission and restored function, progressive erosive disease, body mass index, autoantibody positivity and glucocorticoids. A cohort study over 10 years
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMC Rheumatology. - 2520-1026. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundRisk of fragility fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increased. Disease-related inflammation in RA is associated with low Bone Mineral Density (BMD). However, effects of specific disease factors on fracture occurrence and whether or not such disease effects are independent of BMD are unknown.MethodsAnalysis of fracture outcome in the prospective cohort of 2557 patients with early RA (67% women, mean age 58.1 & PLUSMN; 15.6 years) during an observation period of 10.6 & PLUSMN; 4.7 years. In 602 patients BMD was measured at baseline. The first major fragility fractures were considered. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis, adjusted for traditional factors, prior fracture, disease activity and period of inclusion, were used to estimate the risk of the outcome.ResultsDuring follow-up fracture occurred in 352 patients (13.8%), a rate of 13/1000 p-y. A proportional risk reduction for the outcome was associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) at baseline, BMI & GE; 30 kg/m(2), and over the first two years sustained Disease Activity Score (DAS28)-remission, DAS28-low disease activity and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) & LE; 0.5. The proportional risk elevation for fractures was associated with BMI & LE; 20 kg/m(2), DAS28 at baseline, 6-month and at 1-year, cumulative DAS28 over the two years, RF, erosion score progression at 2-year, HAQ score and HAQ & GE; 1 at 6-month and 1-year and showed a trend for ACPA positivity. The estimated fracture risk was increased in users of glucocorticoids (GC), associated with a higher GC-dosage at follow-ups and a higher cumulative dosage over two years, independently of disease activity. With adjustment for BMD, there was no difference in fracture outcome by exposure to GC. The effects of a higher BMI, DAS28-remission and low HAQ & LE; 0.5 attained at 6-month of treatment initiation and sustained up to 2 years, RF, ACPA, and erosion score progression at 2-year were independent of low BMD.ConclusionsThis analysis supports importance of RA-specific risk factors in early RA for future major fragility fractures. Treat-to-target strategy and restored functional capacity in early RA-disease are important to prevent fractures. Autoantibody positivity, progressively erosive disease, and low weight could have additional value for personalized fracture preventive strategies in early RA.
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| 44. |
- Alcoverro, Adrià, 1985-
(författare)
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The University and the Demand for Knowledge-based Growth : The hegemonic struggle for the future of Higher Education Institutions in Finland and Estonia
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent decades, Higher Education Institutions have been reformed worldwide so that they may exert a greater influence in the production of knowledge within Knowledge-based Economies (KBEs). This transformation is often explained in terms of how advanced capitalist economies need to secure a prosperous future within post-Fordist capitalism. These developments have occurred in Finnish and Estonian universities, which are conceived as spaces in which knowledge, technology and entrepreneurship are creatively combined in order to contribute to the realisation of a sustained economic growth. This process is understood as a totalising movement that intersects with existing relations of power and social hierarchies. In the study, a Gramscian framework is employed, in order to critically investigate, in two multidisciplinary university departments in Helsinki and Tallinn, the emergence, consolidation and reproduction of an order that is constituted by the contradictory relation between legitimating narratives, on the one hand, and the vertical implementation of policies, on the other. Methodologically, the study adopts a narrative analysis of a corpus of programmatic documents alongside work stories. Both parts of the study’s empirical material are explained and recontextualised within the wider global politico-economic system. The analyses presented in this study bring to light the existence of a fragile consent based on a vague horizon of hope and freedom consolidated at all levels, from the programmatic documents to the academic workforce.This vague horizon steers and legitimises market expansion through the circulation of an optimistic techno-centric narrative, expressed in the concept of solutionism, which serves to de-antagonise those tensions present in the territorialisation of market forces, by promising a future in which science, technology and entrepreneurship co-operate for the good of society. The study also reveals how the deployment of reforms is legitimised through recourse to the exceptional status that the meritocratic order has in academia. To understand how the market logic merges with academic exceptionalism, this increasingly “marketised” – or debauched meritocratic – order is analysed by re-defining some of Bourdieu's concepts. Solutionism and “debauched meritocracy” provide a set of middle-ranging concepts that connect to the larger Gramscian framework, with the purpose of completing the critical investigation into the university order and its apparently central place within the Knowledge-based economies and post-Fordist capitalism.
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| 45. |
- Alsmark, Cecilia M., et al.
(författare)
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The louse-borne human pathogen Bartonella quintana is a genomic derivative of the zoonotic agent Bartonella henselae
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 101:26, s. 9716-9721
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the complete genomes of two human pathogens, Bartonella quintana (1,581,384 bp) and Bartonella henselae (1,931,047 bp). The two pathogens maintain several similarities in being transmitted by insect vectors, using mammalian reservoirs, infecting similar cell types (endothelial cells and erythrocytes) and causing vasculoproliferative changes in immunocompromised hosts. A primary difference between the two pathogens is their reservoir ecology. Whereas B. quintana is a specialist, using only the human as a reservoir, B. henselae is more promiscuous and is frequently isolated from both cats and humans. Genome comparison elucidated a high degree of overall similarity with major differences being B. henselae specific genomic islands coding for filamentous hemagglutinin, and evidence of extensive genome reduction in B. quintana, reminiscent of that found in Rickettsia prowazekii. Both genomes are reduced versions of chromosome I from the highly related pathogen Brucella melitensis. Flanked by two rRNA operons is a segment with similarity to genes located on chromosome II of B. melitensis, suggesting that it was acquired by integration of megareplicon DNA in a common ancestor of the two Bartonella species. Comparisons of the vector-host ecology of these organisms suggest that the utilization of host-restricted vectors is associated with accelerated rates of genome degradation and may explain why human pathogens transmitted by specialist vectors are outnumbered by zoonotic agents, which use vectors of broad host ranges.
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| 46. |
- Andelid, Kristina, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Lung macrophages drive mucus production and steroid-resistant inflammation in chronic bronchitis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Respiratory research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-993X. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently suffer from chronic bronchitis (CB) and display steroid-resistant inflammation with increased sputum neutrophils and macrophages. Recently, a causal link between mucus hyper-concentration and disease progression of CB has been suggested. Methods: In this study, we have evaluated the steroid sensitivity of purified, patient-derived sputum and alveolar macrophages and used a novel mechanistic cross-talk assay to examine how macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells cross-talk to regulate MUC5B production. Results: We demonstrate that sputum plug macrophages isolated from COPD patients with chronic bronchitis (COPD/CB) are chronically activated and only partially respond to ex vivo corticosteroid treatment compared to alveolar macrophages isolated from lung resections. Further, we show that pseudo-stratified bronchial epithelial cells grown in air-liquid-interface are inert to direct bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulation and that macrophages are able to relay this signal and activate the CREB/AP-1 transcription factor complex and subsequent MUC5B expression in epithelial cells through a soluble mediator. Using recombinant protein and neutralizing antibodies, we identified a key role for TNF alpha in this cross-talk. Conclusions: For the first time, we describe ex vivo pharmacology in purified human sputum macrophages isolated from chronic bronchitis COPD patients and identify a possible basis for the steroid resistance frequently seen in this population. Our data pinpoint a critical role for chronically activated sputum macrophages in perpetuating TNF alpha-dependent signals driving mucus hyper-production. Targeting the chronically activated mucus plug macrophage phenotype and interfering with aberrant macrophage-epithelial cross-talk may provide a novel strategy to resolve chronic inflammatory lung disease.
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| 47. |
- Andelid, Kristina, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic cytokine signaling via IL-17 in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease: a link to bacterial colonization?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1178-2005. ; 10, s. 689-702
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined whether systemic cytokine signaling via interleukin (IL)-17 and growth-related oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) is impaired in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease including chronic bronchitis (OPD-CB). We also examined how this systemic cytokine signaling relates to bacterial colonization in the airways of the smokers with OPD-CB. Currently smoking OPD-CB patients (n=60, corresponding to Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [ GOLD] stage I-IV) underwent recurrent blood and sputum sampling over 60 weeks, during stable conditions and at exacerbations. We characterized cytokine protein concentrations in blood and bacterial growth in sputum. Asymptomatic smokers (n=10) and never-smokers (n=10) were included as control groups. During stable clinical conditions, the protein concentrations of IL-17 and GRO-alpha were markedly lower among OPD-CB patients compared with never-smoker controls, whereas the asymptomatic smoker controls displayed intermediate concentrations. Notably, among OPD-CB patients, colonization by opportunistic pathogens was associated with markedly lower IL-17 and GRO-alpha, compared with colonization by common respiratory pathogens or oropharyngeal flora. During exacerbations in the OPD-CB patients, GRO-alpha and neutrophil concentrations were increased, whereas protein concentrations and messenger RNA for IL-17 were not detectable in a reproducible manner. In smokers with OPD-CB, systemic cytokine signaling via IL-17 and GRO-alpha is impaired and this alteration may be linked to colonization by opportunistic pathogens in the airways. Given the potential pathogenic and therapeutic implications, these findings deserve to be validated in new and larger patient cohorts.
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| 48. |
- Andelid, Kristina, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic signs of neutrophil mobilization during clinically stable periods and during exacerbations in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1178-2005. ; 10, s. 1253-1263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is still unclear whether signs of neutrophil mobilization in the blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease represent true systemic events and how these relate to bacterial colonization in the airways. In this study, we evaluated these issues during clinically stable periods and during exacerbations in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis (OPD-CB). Methods: Over a period of 60 weeks for each subject, blood samples were repeatedly collected from 60 smokers with OPD-CB during clinically stable periods, as well as during and after exacerbations. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) protein and mRNA, growth of bacteria in sputum, and clinical parameters were analyzed. Ten asymptomatic smokers and ten never-smokers were included as controls. Results: We found that, during clinically stable periods, neutrophil and NE protein concentrations were increased in smokers with OPD-CB and in the asymptomatic smokers when compared with never-smokers. During exacerbations, neutrophil and MPO protein concentrations were further increased in smokers with OPD-CB, without a detectable increase in the corresponding mRNA during exacerbations. However, MPO and NE protein and mRNA displayed positive correlations. During exacerbations, only increased neutrophil concentrations were associated with growth of bacteria in sputum. Among patients with low transcutaneous oxygen saturation during exacerbations, PaO2 (partial oxygen pressure) correlated with concentrations of MPO and NE protein and neutrophils in a negative manner. Conclusion: There are signs of systemic neutrophil mobilization during clinically stable periods and even more so during exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this condition, MPO and NE may share a cellular origin, but its location remains uncertain. Factors other than local bacteria, including hypoxemia, may be important for driving systemic signs of neutrophil mobilization.
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| 49. |
- Andell, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of valvular heart disease in a Swedish nationwide hospital-based register study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 103:21, s. 1696-1703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Transitions in the spectrum of valvular heart diseases (VHDs) in developed countries over the 20th century have been reported from clinical case series, but large, contemporary population-based studies are lacking.Methods: We used nationwide registers to identify all patients with a first diagnosis of VHD at Swedish hospitals between 2003 and 2010. Age-stratified and sex-stratified incidence of each VHD and adjusted comorbidity profiles were assessed.Results: In the Swedish population (n=10 164 211), the incidence of VHD was 63.9 per 100 000 person-years, with aortic stenosis (AS; 47.2%), mitral regurgitation (MR; 24.2%) and aortic regurgitation (AR; 18.0%) contributing most of the VHD diagnoses. The majority of VHDs were diagnosed in the elderly (68.9% in subjects aged ≥65 years), but pulmonary valve disease incidence peaked in newborns. Incidences of AR, AS and MR were higher in men who were also more frequently diagnosed at an earlier age. Mitral stenosis (MS) incidence was higher in women. Rheumatic fever was rare. Half of AS cases had concomitant atherosclerotic vascular disease (48.4%), whereas concomitant heart failure and atrial fibrillation were common in mitral valve disease and tricuspid regurgitation. Other common comorbidities were thoracic aortic aneurysms in AR (10.3%), autoimmune disorders in MS (24.5%) and abdominal hernias or prolapse in MR (10.7%) and TR (10.3%).Conclusions: Clinically diagnosed VHD was primarily a disease of the elderly. Rheumatic fever was rare in Sweden, but specific VHDs showed a range of different comorbidity profiles . Pronounced sex-specific patterns were observed for AR and MS, for which the mechanisms remain incompletely understood.
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| 50. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between leisure activities and binge drinking in adults: Findings from a Swedish newly sick-listed sample.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Work : A journal of Prevention, Assesment and rehabilitation. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 48:2, s. 143-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Leisure activities and drinking patterns are factors that can affect health and ability to return to work after a sick-leave. Associations between participation in leisure activities and binge drinking among sick-listed individuals have been paid little attention in the research literature. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations between leisure activities and binge drinking in a sample of newly sick-listed women and men. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 2,888 individuals aged 19-64 years. Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire data from the Health Assets Project, Sweden, was used. Participation in 18 leisure activities was estimated. Binge drinking was defined as consuming alcohol at least once a month, and typically consuming five or more glasses. RESULTS: Among women aged 19-30 years who regularly went to concerts (OR 2.36) and wrote (OR 2.39) associations were found with binge drinking. Lower OR was found among women aged 31-64 who regularly went to the cinema (OR 0.43), out in the nature (OR 0.46) or participated in sports (OR 0.57). Among men, associations were found between socializing with friends and binge drinking in both age groups (OR 3.83 respectively 1.63). Among younger men who attended sporting events OR was 2.31, and among older men participating in religious communities OR was 0.28. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to understanding the interplay between leisure activities and health behavior. In particular, social activities in men were associated with binge drinking while the opposite was true for recreational activities in older women.
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