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Sökning: WFRF:(Andersson Måns)

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1.
  • Andersson, Magnus V., et al. (författare)
  • Kirurgi – omistligt komplement till medicinsk behandling
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 106:45, s. 3003-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Kirurgi på rätt indikation och vid rätt tidpunkt är ett omistligt komplement till medicinsk behandling vid inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom, som förebygger sjukdomskomplikationer, förbättrar patienternas livskvalitet och ibland är livräddande. Kirurgi för ulcerös kolit görs oftast som ett tvåstegsförfarande: först kolektomi plus ileostomi med rektum lämnad intakt och i senare skede, med optimerad patient, tarmrekonstruktion anpassad efter patientens individuella livssituation. Kirurgi vid Crohns sjukdom korrigerar komplikationer (stenoser och fistlar) och sparar tarm genom begränsade resektioner och strikturplastiker. Laparoskopisk kir­urgi verkar ha viktiga fördelar vid primära tarmresektioner. Modern medicinsk behandling har förändrat indikationerna men ännu inte minskat behovet av kirurgi. Pågående antiinflammatorisk och immunmodulerande behandling är viktig att beakta i samband med kirurgi. Ett nära samspel mellan gastroenterolog och kolorektalkirurg är nödvändigt för att uppnå bästa möjliga långtidsprognos för de individer som lever med IBD.
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3.
  • Andersson, Gert, et al. (författare)
  • Neck vibration causes short-latency electromyographic activation of lower leg muscles in postural reactions of the standing human.
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2251 .- 0001-6489. ; 122:3, s. 284-288
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To study how quickly cervical proprioceptive information induced muscular responses in the lower leg to control posture in the standing human we investigated lower leg muscle electromyography and force-plate data from 10 healthy normal subjects, when perturbed by posterior neck muscle vibration. At the onset of vibration the tibialis anterior muscle was activated at latencies of 70-100 ms whilst the triceps surae muscle was inhibited at the same latencies. At offset the opposite pattern was observed. These findings suggest that a short-latency integrative system, rather than a direct reflex, mediates the cervical influence on posture. The short latencies also imply that activation of postural muscles in response to vibration towards the neck muscles occurs faster than would be expected if it was caused only by a perceptive illusion of movement.
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4.
  • Andersson, Jonas, et al. (författare)
  • Parametrization of energy sharing distributions in direct double photoionization of He
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present experimental results on the characteristic sharing of available excess energy, ranging from 11–221eV, between two electrons in single-photon direct double ionization of He. An effective parametrization of the sharing distributions is presented along with an empirical model that describes the complete shape of the distribution based on a single experimentally determinable parameter. The measured total energy sharing distributions are separated into two distributions representing the shake-off and knock-out parts by simulating the sharing distribution curves expected from a pure wave collapse after a sudden removal of the primary electron. In this way, empirical knock-out distributions are extracted and both the shake-off and knock-out distributions are parametrized. These results suggest a simple method that can be applied to other atomic and molecular systems to experimentally study important aspects of the direct double ionization process.
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5.
  • Andersson, Måns, et al. (författare)
  • A Case Study on DaCe Portability & Performance for Batched Discrete Fourier Transforms
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Computing in Asia-Pacific Region. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With the emergence of new computer architectures, portability and performance-portability become significant concerns for developing HPC applications. This work reports our experience and lessons learned using DaCe to create and optimize batched Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) calculations on different single node computer systems. The batched DFT calculation is an essential component in FFT algorithms and is widely used in computer science, numerical analysis, and signal processing. We implement the batched DFT with three complex-value array data layouts and compare them with the native complex type implementation. We use DaCe, which relies on Stateful DataFlow multiGraphs (SDFG) as an intermediate representation (IR) which can be optimized through transforms and then generates code for different architectures. We present several performance results showcasing the potential of DaCe for expressing HPC applications on different computer systems.
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6.
  • Andersson, Måns, et al. (författare)
  • Anderson Accelerated PMHSS for Complex-Symmetric Linear Systems
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: 2024 SIAM Conference on Parallel Processing for Scientific Computing, PP 2024. - : Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Publications. ; , s. 39-51
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents the design and development of an Anderson Accelerated Preconditioned Modified Hermitian and Skew-Hermitian Splitting (AA-PMHSS) method for solving complex-symmetric linear systems with application to electromagnetics problems, such as wave scattering and eddy currents. While it has been shown that the Anderson acceleration of real linear systems is essentially equivalent to GMRES, we show here that the formulation using Anderson acceleration leads to a more performant method. We show relatively good robustness compared to existing preconditioned GMRES methods and significantly better performance due to the faster evaluation of the preconditioner. In particular, AA-PMHSS can be applied to solve problems and equations arising from complex-valued systems, such as time-harmonic eddy current simulations discretized with the Finite Element Method. We also evaluate three test systems present in previous literature. We show that the method is competitive with two types of preconditioned GMRES, which share the significant advantage of having a convergence rate that is independent of the discretization size.
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7.
  • Andersson, Måns, et al. (författare)
  • Breaking Down the Parallel Performance of GROMACS, a High-Performance Molecular Dynamics Software
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: PPAM 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13826.. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. 333-345
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • GROMACS is one of the most widely used HPC software packages using the Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation technique. In this work, we quantify GROMACS parallel performance using different configurations, HPC systems, and FFT libraries (FFTW, Intel MKL FFT, and FFT PACK). We break down the cost of each GROMACS computational phase and identify non-scalable stages, such as MPI communication during the 3D FFT computation when using a large number of processes. We show that the Particle-Mesh Ewald phase and the 3D FFT calculation significantly impact the GROMACS performance. Finally, we discuss performance opportunities with a particular interest in developing GROMACS for the FFT calculations.
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8.
  • Andersson, Måns (författare)
  • Leveraging Intermediate Representations for High-Performance Portable Discrete Fourier Transform Frameworks : with Application to Molecular Dynamics
  • 2023
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its improved formulations, the Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs), are vital for scientists and engineers in a range of domains from signal processing to the solution of partial differential equations.  A growing trend in Scientific Computing is heterogeneous computing, where accelerators are used instead or together with CPUs. This has led to problems for developers in unifying portability, performance, and productivity. This thesis first motivates this work by showing the importance of having efficient DFT calculations, describes the DFT algorithm and a formulation based on matrix-factorizations which has been developed to formulate FFT algorithms and express their parallelism to exploit modern computer architectures, such as accelerators.The first paper is a motivating study of the breakdown of the performance and scalability of the high-performance Molecular Dynamics code GROMACS where DFT calculations are a main performance bottleneck. In particular, the long-range interactions are solved with the Particle-Mesh Ewald algorithm which uses a three-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform. The two following papers present two approaches to leverage factorization with the help of two different frameworks using Intermediate Representation and compiler technology, for the development of fast and portable code. The second paper presents a front-end and a pipeline for code generation in a domain-specific language based on Multi-Level Intermediate Representation (MLIR) for developing Fast Fourier Transform libraries. The last paper investigates and optimizes an implementation of an important kernel within the matrix-factorization framework: the batched DFT. It is implemented with data-centric programming and a data-centric intermediate representation called Stateful Dataflow multi-graphs (SDFG). The paper evaluates strategies for complex-valued data layout for performance and portability and we show that there is a trade-off between portability and maintainability in using the native complex data type and that an SDFG-level abstraction could be beneficial for developing higher-level applications.
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9.
  • Andersson, Måns Sverker, et al. (författare)
  • A partly coverable badge signalling avian virus resistance
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Acta Zoologica. ; :87, s. 71-76
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract: We investigated whether the sexually selected forehead patch of the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis is an honest badge of status indicating quality expressed as immunological response. We used both manual measurements and digital measurements, the latter based on photographs. Badge-size data were collected during the mating period and during the nestling feeding period to capture trait plasticity. Concomitant with first sample collection, birds were inoculated with a novel antigen. Antibody response was strongly and positively correlated with badge expression during the mating period and with the increase in badge expression during the mating period as compared with outside this period. The results support the Hansen and Rohwer theory of coverable badges, are consistent with the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis and with the good genes model suggesting that, on a population level, the expression of secondary sexual traits should be an honest signal positively associated with traits that are beneficial for survival. The results also suggest that manual measurements of this type of secondary sexual trait are sufficiently exact.
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10.
  • Andersson, Måns Sverker (författare)
  • Gendering animals : Representation, identification and the demise of simplicity
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: NIKK magasin. - 1502-1521. ; :3, s. 12-15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Several of Darwins ideas about evolution have taken time permeate in to main stream biology. One of them was the idea about the sexually active female. During the last thirty years androcentrism and schematic thinking on sex has been challenged by gender perspectives and modern behavioral ecology but a lot remains to be done. There is much suggesting that in particular the study and transgression of the boundary between theories on gender and sexual selection might produce surprising counter knowledge.
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11.
  • Andersson, Måns Sverker (författare)
  • Genusperspektiv på beteendens evolutionära genetik
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Dialoger mellan kön och genus. - 9197568015
  • Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Psykologen Virginia Valian talar om traditionell kategorisering baserad på kön (gender schemas). Man har med experiment tydligt kunnat visa att sådana kategoriseringar påverkar vår perception radikalt. Studier visar till exempel att försöks¬personer som ställs inför uppgiften att uppskatta mäns och kvinnors längd regelmässigt underskattar kvinnors längd. Föga förvånande så bär vi med oss dessa könskategorier även när vi studerar djur och evolution.Den ornitologiskt kunnige som slår upp sparvhök i Bonniers Alla Europas fåglar i färg slås av att honan avbildas som likstor med hanen trots att honorna i verkligheten är mycket större. Tvärtemot vad fågelboken antyder så är det lättare att missta en sparvhökshona för hanen hos den större duvhöken, än för hanen av den egna arten. Det här är en typ av reproduktion av könsstereotyp och missvisande information som är vanlig i den ornitologiska litteraturen.Ornitologin i sin tur är intimt kopplad till och uppvisar strukturella likheter med den del av evolutionsbiologin som får allt större inflytande på vår förståelse av beteenden, beteendeekologin.Beteendeekologiska teorier och resultat kan innebära en revolution för tänkandet kring kön och könsbundna egenskaper. Att plocka isär och återuppbygga könsbegreppen har delvis varit nödvändigt, i synnerhet för de som studerar vad vi kallar ”sexuell selektion”. Därför har genusperspektiven stora möjligheter att kunna bidra med insikter viktiga för både teoribildningen och det praktiska vetenskapliga hantverket.
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12.
  • Andersson, Måns Sverker, et al. (författare)
  • Glycosylated haemoglobin: a new measure of condition in birds
  • 1995
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. ; :260, s. 299-303
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract: The influence of condition on time of breeding and reproductive success has been discussed since Darwin first suggested a relation in 1871. We used a novel method to investigate the influence of condition on the timing of breeding and reproductive success by measuring a relatively inert physiological parameter - the amount of glycosylated haemoglobin - in blood samples taken from the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis. The percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (%HbG) was assumed to be proportional to the average blood glucose level, during the 3-5 weeks before the blood sampling. The %HbG was influenced neither by sex nor age. Date of arrival at the breeding ground was negatively correlated with %HbG so that early-arriving birds had significantly higher %HbG than those arriving later. Clutch size, corrected for the effect of laying date, correlated positively with %HbG in females, as did the number of fledged young, corrected for the effect of laying date, for both sexes. We found no correlation between body mass and the %HbG. We suggest that prebreeding condition influences the timing of breeding and subsequent reproductive performance and that %HbG can be used as an indicator of prebreeding-condition in migrating birds.
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13.
  • Andersson, Måns Sverker, et al. (författare)
  • Hur görs djur? : Könsstereotyper och androcentrism i studier av andra arter än Homo sapiens.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Kvinovetenskaplig Tidskrift. ; :2-3, s. 65-76
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The field of evolutionary ecology in general and behavioural ecology in particular is often regarded as an androcentric science where sexual stereotypes pervade. In this article we review some of the evidence for this notion and suggest that behavioural ecology still is suffering from such gender bias. The criticism so far has mainly been centred on how these problems affect the understanding of humans. Here focus on how it can produce misconceptions of animals and animal behaviour. In particular we discuss why gender perspectives are relevant to theory production, experiment design and the choice of study species. We also suggest that sexual stereotypes and androcentrism are not a necessary part of behavioural ecology, and that the field has the potential of producing knowledge that could revolutionize some of the thinking around sex and gender.
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14.
  • Andersson, Måns S. (författare)
  • Physiological trade-offs in reproduction and condition dependence of a secondary sexual trait
  • 2001
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis examines parental condition, how it is traded off against reproduction and how it is displayed in a secondary sexual trait. The studies were performed on nest-box breeding collared flycatchers Ficedula albicollis on the island of Gotland, in the Baltic Sea. Early breeding and high fitness were found to be associated with high levels of glycosylated haemoglobin possibly governed by migratory exertion and infectious disease. In order to test if immune function is expressed in secondary sexual traits and how it is traded off against reproductive effort a series of experiments were performed, in which birds were challenged with an antigen, via a vaccine containing neutralised paramyxovirus. The forehead patch of the male collared flycatcher serves as a badge of status and is under sexual selection. Good condition, as reflected in strong immune response and low levels of blood parasites was found to be associated with bigger patch size. Patch size was also found to vary in size within the same breeding season in a pattern predictable from immune response data. Immune response, in itself, was found to be costly in terms of reduced survival, confirming that trade-offs involving suppression of immune response may increase fitness. Mating effort was found to be traded off against immune function and moult. Experimental brood size manipulations revealed a trade-off females between number of offspring and immune function. Thus I suggest a set of parameters useful for condition estimation. I also show that immune response is costly and, second, that pathogen resistance probably plays an important role in the shaping of secondary sexual traits and life-history decisions.
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15.
  • Andersson, Måns Sverker, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish pulp and paper in Brazil: The case of Veracel
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Ecological Debt, The Peoples Of The South Are The Creditors. Cases from Ecuador, Mozambique, Brazil and India. - : World Council of Churches, Geneva & Troika Press, Quezon City. ; , s. 81-124
  • Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Of all the natural forest that is lost every year, 94 percent are located in the tropics. Fast-growing wood plantations and pulp production constitute a major threat to the remaining tropical rainforests and to the local populations who depend on these forests to secure their livelihood.The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that the global growth rate of tree plantations amounts to 45,000 km2 per year. Asia and South America accounts for 89 percent of the total growth. Brazil has by far the most tree plantations in South America and the majority of the plantations are situated in the south eastern states.On 28 September 2005, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva inaugurated Veracel’s newly-constructed paper mill in the southern cone of the Brazilian state of Bahia. The pulp mill’s annual production capacity is currently 900,000 metric tons of pulp. It is expected to produce the cheapest pulp in the world.The Nordic Investment Bank (NIB), the European Investment Bank (EIB), and the Brazilian Social and National Development Bank (BNDES) have contributed US$640 million of investments for the pulp mill. NIB contributed US$70 million and EIB US$80 million of this sum. The total cost of the under the current administration. Despite the political enthusiasm for the expansion of the pulp and paper industry in Brazil various movements and groups offer hard resistance against this expansion and environmental organizations from various states have formed a network, A Rede Alerta Contra O Deserte Verde (Alert Against the Green Desert Movement), in order to oppose the construction of pulp mills and the increase of eucalyptus plantations to supply the mills. Veracel owns 700 km2 of plantations. In addition, there are 230 km2 of plantations, which are owned by peasants and farmers contracted by Veracel. A part owner of Veracel is Aracruz, the Brazilian-Norwegian paper and pulp company. Aracruz owns 2,100 km2 and has additional agreements with peasants and farmers planting an area of 380 km2. The large economic consultant institution, Instituto Fundação Calmon, has stated that the potential of growth of the eucalyptus plantations in the region amounts to 15,000 km2. This would mean that, compared to their present size, the size of the plantations would increase several times. There have been some political attempts to legislate against the unrestricted expansion of the eucalyptus plantations. So far, however, the pulp and paper companies have succeeded in lobbying against such restrictions. The opposition against the industry states that the expansion of the pulp and paper corporations has to be limited since:• The expansion of eucalyptus plantations forces local people- peasants, indigenous groups and Afro-Brazilian subsistence farmers- from their land.• Pulp and paper corporations appropriate land that otherwise could have been used in the ongoing land reform.• The plantations increase the price of land, thus making it harder for the state to buy land for land reform.• The plantations have detrimental effects on agriculture in the vicinity and reduce water availability.• The plantations obstruct the regeneration of the Atlantic rainforest and have negative consequences for the sensitive flora and fauna of the region.• The paper and pulp industry generates few new jobs, despite the fact that huge state resources have been invested in this sector.• The construction and operation of pulp mills have detrimental effects on the environment.• The construction of the pulp mills attracts thousands of people to the region who do not have the right education to qualify for employment.The network of environmental and human rights organizations that organizes the resistance against the expansion of the pulp and paper industry in general and Veracel specifically asserts that the ecological conditions have changed since the last Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was made. Therefore, the network demanded that a new EIA ought to be carried out before Veracel started construction of a paper mill. Veracel, and the corporations which owns it, Stora Enso and Aracruz, rejected this demand, however. The network is also critical of the fact that the technique used in bleaching the pulp will not be TCF or totally chlorine free. Instead of the TCF-technique, the elemental chlorine free process, ECF, will be utilized. The advocates of Veracel stress the employment opportunities created. This is, however, a contested claim. Most of the land where eucalyptus is grown was previously utilized for extensive cattle-raising. According to one of the most outspoken critics of the paper pulp companies, the priest José Koopmans, the eucalyptus plantations do not lead to any net gain in jobs when compared to cattle-raising and small-scale agriculture. Koopmans and organizations that represent farmers and landless peasants argue that plots where fruits of different kinds are cultivated lead to a significant increase in available jobs. They say federal and state investments should, therefore, be redirected from the pulp sector to small-scale agriculture. Indeed, considering the large sums invested, few vacant jobs were created at Bahia Sul’s and Aracruz’ plants. At the latest plant Aracruz built, 173 direct jobs were created. Taking into consideration the investments made, this shows that every vacant job costs US$3.3 million. Veracel’s plant will generate approximately 500 direct jobs. Another major problem with Veracel concerns its partnership with joint-owner Aracruz Celulose, the world’s leading producer of bleached eucalyptus pulp. The corporation, founded in 1968, has a long and conflict-ridden history. Local people and the network of environmental and human rights organizations fear that Veracel successively will adopt Aracruz’ methods and its inadequate dialogue with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and unions. The human rights organization FASE or Federation for Social and Educational Assistance argues that Aracruz has acquired land through false promises, threats and the destruction of sources of subsistence of the local people. FASE claims that there were about 40 indigenous villages in the area where Aracruz was active. After Aracruz had established all of its eucalyptus plantations in the area only three villages remained. In the beginning of October 2005, around 300 Tupinkim and Guarani Indians occupied the administrative center of Aracruz. The Indians demanded that the corporation return 1,100 hectares to them, which they claimed were part of their traditional territory. The Indians withdrew after authorities promised that a new demarcation of indigenous territory will be conducted. The pulp mills have resulted in further deterioration in the living conditions of the local people. The large water consumption needed for the mills made Aracruz redirect the courses of rivers in the region, thus decreasing local people’s access to potable water and fishing opportunities. The resistance against Aracruz has hardened substantially over the last years. There have been attempts to legislate against further expansion of the plantations and in 2002 the state parliament of Espírito Santo appointed a commission to investigate Aracruz’ behavior. Currently, hundreds of labor lawsuits have been brought against Aracruz. So far, however, Aracruz has succeeded in continuously expanding its activities. One reason for its success is the company’s well-developed political network. Aracruz is among the companies in Brazil which makes the largest donations to politicians. Its donations and contacts have paid off. All three of Aracruz’ plants have been inaugurated by presidents of Brazil and the country’s highest political stratum have supported Aracruz.
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16.
  • Andersson, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Hospital Workload for Weapon-Wounded Females Treated by the International Committee of the Red Cross: More Work Needed than for Males
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: World Journal of Surgery. - : SPRINGER. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 42:1, s. 93-98
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Civilians constitute 33-51% of victims in armed conflicts. Several reports on civilian injuries exist, but few have focused on injuries afflicting females. We analyzed routinely collected data on weapon-related injuries from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) hospital in northwestern Pakistan in order to define injury patterns and types of surgical treatment for females. A total of 3028 patient files (376 females) from consecutively admitted patients to the ICRC-hospital in Peshawar from February 2009 to May 2012 were included. Information regarding injury-mechanism, time since injury, vital parameters at admission, type of injury, treatment and basic outcome was extracted from the files and analyzed. Comparisons between gender and age-groups were done by cross-table analyses or nonparametric tests. Females were younger than males (20 vs. 25 years), arrived sooner after injury (24 vs. 48 h) (p amp;lt; 0.001 for both) and were victims of bombs and missiles more frequently (64.4 vs. 54.6%) (p amp;lt; 0.001). Vital parameters such as systolic blood pressure (110 vs. 113 mmHg) and pulse rate (100 vs. 86) were more affected at admission (p amp;lt; 0.001 for both). Females were subjected to surgery (83.0 vs. 77.4%) (p amp;lt; 0.05) and were given blood transfusions more often (18.8 vs. 13.6%) (p amp;lt; 0.01). No differences in amputations or in-hospital mortality were found. Females treated at the ICRC-hospital in northwestern Pakistan are markedly affected by indiscriminate weapons such as bombs and missiles. Their average consumption of surgery is greater than for males, and this might be relevant in planning for staffing and facility needs in similar contexts.
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17.
  • Andersson, Sarah, et al. (författare)
  • Malmbanan Diaries
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This booklet is a report for a case study visit during four day field trip, a group of nine PhD students and their supervisors – all part of the National Research School for Architecture and Planning in the Urban Landscape, APULA – set out to explore what may be considered the outback of Western Europe’s conurbations, the transnational region of Kiruna -Narvik.Both “remote” and “resourceful”, “threatened” and “thriving” (equally relative notions), this region seemed to offer possibilities to reflect upon many of the current tendencies influencing contemporary planning practice and research.
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18.
  • Andersson, Thorvald, 1946, et al. (författare)
  • Preparation and characterization of the ITO surface and the Al/Alq3/ITO heterostructure for OLEDs
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Materials Science and Engineering B. ; 145, s. 48-56
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We have made a detailed investigation of structure and chemical composition in thermally grown Al/Alq3/ITO layer structures intended for light emission. The different parts of the structure were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and microscopical techniques. The indium tinoxide substrate surface consisted of grains 20–50 nm in diameter and about 5 nm in height, which also showed molecular sized sub-grain features. Due to the ambient the ITO surface was covered by a 1 nm thick hydrocarbon layer which serves as the actual surface on which an organic layer is deposited for device fabrication. A structural model for the indium tin oxide surface, on which the small molecules were deposited, was suggested. The substrate surface was treated to study the relation between the surface manipulation and the hole injection barrier. Such surface modification significantly improved the performance of a single layer Alq3 organic light emitting diode. Depth profiling of the complete structure, revealed that the aluminium contact mostly consisted of aluminium oxide with some intermixing of carbon. Further, variations of the atomic concentration of the elements In, Sn, C and O and a minor shift in their binding energies were measured. Both, position and shape of the oxygen and indium peaks were changed during argon ion sputtering. At the Alq3/ITO interface an indium–oxygen compound, different from that on the original surface, hadformed. Various effects of the compositional findings on the light emission are discussed.
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19.
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20.
  • Andreasson, Måns, 1975, et al. (författare)
  • Organic molecular beam deposition system and initial studies of organic layer growth
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - 1402-4896 .- 0031-8949. ; T126, s. 1-5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This work describes an organic molecular beam deposition system with substrate entry/exitchamber, buffer chamber and with the possibility to transfer substrate from a III–V molecularbeam deposition system. Flux calibrations of organic molecules and the initial growth oforganic layers are described. For this purpose, the molecules 3,4,9,10 perylene tetra carboxylicdianhydride and copper phtalocyanine were used. Layers were grown on oxidized andhydrogen passivated Si(100), Indium tin oxide and glass respectively. The growth wasinvestigated with atomic force microscopy, reflection high energy electron diffraction andultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. An investigation with x-ray photoelectron and Ramanspectroscopy on the effect of atmospheric exposure is also included, showing little effect ofsurface pollution when the samples were handled carefully. The initial formation (monolayers)of copper phtalocyanine thin films was studied by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy.
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21.
  • Andreasson, Måns, 1975, et al. (författare)
  • Porphyrin doping of Alq3 for electroluminescence
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Current Applied Physics. - 1567-1739. ; 8, s. 163-166
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Organic light emitting devices based on tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium (Alq3) doped with two fluorescent porphyrin derivatives,5,15-diphenyl-2,8,12,18-tetraethyl-3,7,13,17-tetramethylporphyrin and the corresponding zinc metalated one, were fabricated. As a consequence,the light emission changed, from standard green light from Alq3, to reddish and yellowish white respectively. The differentspectral content in the two cases indicates a possible route to a white light emitter, based on several dopants from the same family ofmolecules with different central atoms. The turn-on voltage of the devices was not increased by the doping.
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22.
  • Antoun, Ayman, et al. (författare)
  • The roles of initiation factor 2 and guanosine triphosphate in initiation of protein synthesis
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: EMBO Journal. - : Wiley. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 22:20, s. 5593-5601
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The role of IF2 from Escherichia coli was studied in vitro using a system for protein synthesis with purified components. Stopped flow experiments with light scattering show that IF2 in complex with guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or a non-cleavable GTP analogue (GDPNP), but not with guanosine diphosphate (GDP), promotes fast association of ribosomal subunits during initiation. Biochemical experiments show that IF2 promotes fast formation of the first peptide bond in the presence of GTP, but not GDPNP or GDP, and that IF2–GDPNP binds strongly to post-initiation ribosomes. We conclude that the GTP form of IF2 accelerates formation of the 70S ribosome from subunits and that GTP hydrolysis accelerates release of IF2 from the 70S ribosome. The results of a recent report, suggesting that GTP and GDP promote initiation equally fast, have been addressed. Our data, indicating that eIF5B and IF2 have similar functions, are used to rationalize the phenotypes of GTPase-deficient mutants of eIF5B and IF2.
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23.
  • Bergman, Jessica M. (författare)
  • Genetics and Growth Regulation in Salmonella enterica
  • 2014
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Most free-living bacteria will encounter different environments and it is therefore critical to be able to rapidly adjust to new growth conditions in order to be competitively successful. Responding to changes requires efficient gene regulation in terms of transcription, RNA stability, translation and post-translational modifications.Studies of an extremely slow-growing mutant of Salmonella enterica, with a Glu125Arg mutant version of EF-Tu, revealed it to be trapped in a stringent response. The perceived starvation was demonstrated to be the result of increased mRNA cleavage of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes leading to lower prolyl-tRNA levels. The mutant EF-Tu caused an uncoupling of transcription and translation, leading to increased turnover of mRNA, which trapped the mutant in a futile stringent response.To examine the essentiality of RNase E, we selected and mapped three classes of extragenic suppressors of a ts RNase E phenotype. The ts RNase E mutants were defective in the degradation of mRNA and in the processing of tRNA and rRNA. Only the degradation of mRNA was suppressed by the compensatory mutations. We therefore suggest that degradation of at least a subset of cellular mRNAs is an essential function of RNase E.Bioinformatically, we discovered that the mRNA of tufB, one of the two genes encoding EF-Tu, could form a stable structure masking the ribosomal binding site. This, together with previous studies that suggested that the level of EF-Tu protein could affect the expression of tufB, led us to propose three models for how this could occur. The stability of the tufB RNA structure could be affected by the elongation rate of tufB-translating ribosomes, possibly influenced by the presence of rare codons early in the in tufB mRNA.Using proteomic and genetic assays we concluded that two previously isolated RNAP mutants, each with a growth advantage when present as subpopulations on aging wild-type colonies, were dependent on the utilization of acetate for this phenotype. Increased growth of a subpopulation of wild-type cells on a colony unable to re-assimilate acetate demonstrated that in aging colonies, acetate is available in levels sufficient to sustain the growth of at least a small subpopulation of bacteria. 
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24.
  • Buckler, Andrew J., et al. (författare)
  • Patient-specific biomechanical analysis of atherosclerotic plaques enabled by histologically validated tissue characterization from computed tomography angiography : A case study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1751-6161 .- 1878-0180. ; 134
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaques with a large lipid-rich necrotic core and a thin fibrous cap cause myocardial infarction and stroke. Yet it has not been possible to assess this for individual patients. Clinical guidelines still rely on use of luminal narrowing, a poor indicator but one that persists for lack of effective means to do better. We present a case study demonstrating the assessment of biomechanical indices pertaining to plaque rupture risk non-invasively for individual patients enabled by histologically validated tissue characterization. Methods: Routinely acquired clinical images of plaques were analyzed to characterize vascular wall tissues using software validated by histology (ElucidVivo, Elucid Bioimaging Inc.). Based on the tissue distribution, wall stress and strain were then calculated at spatial locations with varied fibrous cap thicknesses at diastolic, mean and systolic blood pressures. Results: The von Mises stress of 152 [131, 172] kPa and the equivalent strain of 0.10 [0.08, 0.12] were calculated where the fibrous cap thickness was smallest (560 mu m) (95% CI in brackets). The stress at this location was at a level predictive of plaque failure. Stress and strain at locations with larger cap thicknesses were calculated to be lower, demonstrating a clinically relevant range of risk levels. Conclusion: Patient specific tissue characterization can identify distributions of stress and strain in a clinically relevant range. This capability may be used to identify high-risk lesions and personalize treatment decisions for individual patients with cardiovascular disease and improve prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke.
  •  
25.
  • Choong, P F, et al. (författare)
  • Prognostic value of Ki-67 expression in 182 soft tissue sarcomas. Proliferation--a marker of metastasis?
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. - 1600-0463. ; 102:12, s. 915-924
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are characterized by deregulated proliferation. Ki-67 is a cell cycle antigen which may be elevated in proliferative states. We analysed Ki-67 expression in fixed and embedded tissues from STS in order to examine associations between proliferation, primary tumour characteristics, and metastasis. One hundred and eighty-two adult patients with trunk wall or extremity STS were treated at our institution between 1980 and 1992 (35 developed local recurrence and 56 developed metastases). Median follow-up time for survivors was 6 years (1-13). We used a semiquantitative score to the assess percentage of Ki-67-positive cells: < or = 10% (n = 86), > 10-25% (n = 57), > 25-50% (n = 30), > 50-75% (n = 7), > 75-100% (n = 2). Increasing Ki-67 expression correlated positively with tumour size, malignancy grade, necrosis, vascular invasion, S-phase fraction, and metastasis. A Ki-67 index Ki-D < or = 10% (n = 86) and > 10% (n = 96) defined two groups who had 84% and 56% 3-year metastasis-free survival (p = 0.0001), respectively. Tumours with Ki-D > 10 were typically large, high grade, necrotic, DNA aneuploid, and had intravascular invasion and a higher S-phase fraction. Ki-67 expression may be helpful in predicting survival of patients with soft tissue sarcomas.
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26.
  • Dymén, Christian, et al. (författare)
  • Gendered dimensions of climate change response in Swedish municipalities
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Local Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-9839 .- 1469-6711. ; 18:9, s. 1066-1078
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article elaborates on and discusses gendered dimensions of climate change response in Swedish municipalities. There are indications that attitudes and behaviour to the environment and climate change are gendered. This evidence together with our own work further indicates that gender awareness is most probably an important influence on how municipalities respond to climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate if and how gendered aspects of climate change response are integrated in the Swedish response to climate change. The potential causal relationships between a high level of awareness of the gendered aspects of climate change and the levels of climate change response were investigated. We asked whether there is a positive relationship between gender awareness and the quality of the communities’ climate change policies and practice. Indications of such a relationship prompt a change in research priorities – paying more attention to gender – and in subsequent policy developments.
  •  
27.
  • Eland, John H. D., 1941, et al. (författare)
  • Double and Triple Ionisation of Isocyanic Acid
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Double and triple ionisation spectra of the reactive molecule isocyanic acid (HNCO) have been measured using multi-electron and ion coincidence techniques combined with synchrotron radiation and compared with high-level theoretical calculations. Vertical double ionisation at an energy of 32.8±0.3eV forms the 3A” ground state in which the HNCO2+ ion is long lived. The vertical triple ionisation energy is determined as 65±1eV. The core-valence double ionisation spectra resemble the valence photoelectron spectrum in form, and their main features can be understood on the basis of a simple and rather widely applicable Coulomb model based on the characteristics of the molecular orbitals from which electrons are removed. Characteristics of the most important dissociation channels are examined and discussed.
  •  
28.
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29.
  • Gao, Chuansi, et al. (författare)
  • Using a walkway with adjustable inclination to measure and assess slip and fall risks
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of CIB W099 International Conference Achieving Sustainable Construction Health and Safety. - 9789176230053 ; , s. 118-124
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fall is the most common cause of serious work related accidents. Falls and related injuries not only cause suffering for individuals, but also means a high economic burden to industries and society. The objective of the study was to use a walkway with in-built force plate, adjustable inclination and surface to assess how risks of slips and falls vary due to inclination and friction of the walkway surface. A walkway was designed with adjustable slopes between 0 to 30 degrees. Subject walking tests were performed on dry and wet steel sheet surfaces in two walking directions (uphill and downhill) at three inclination angles (0, 5 and 10 degrees). 3D ground reaction forces while walking were recorded using the force plate. Required coefficient of friction (RCOF) was derived to determine slip and fall risks. The main finding of this study is that the RCOF during heel strike when walking downwards on the steel plate surface increases linearly as the inclination increases. The results contribute to the understanding of slipping and falling mechanisms and the prevention of slipping and falling accidents. When ramps or sloped surfaces are used in workplaces, slip resistance between footwear and the sloped surfaces should be improved.
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30.
  • Gustafsson, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Infectious disease, reproductive effort and the cost of reproduction in birds
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London: Series B. ; :346, s. 1655-1658
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Reproductive effort can have profound effects on subsequent performance. Field experiments on the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) have demonstrated a number of trade-offs between life-history traits at different ages. The mechanism by which reproductive effort is mediated into future reproductive performance remains obscure. Anti-parasite adaptations such as cell-mediated immunity may probably also be costly. Hence the possibility exists of a trade-off between reproductive effort and the ability to resist parasitic infection. Serological tests on unmanipulated collared flycatchers show that pre-breeding nutritional status correlates positively with reproductive success and negatively with susceptibility to parasitism (viruses, bacteria and protozoan parasites). Both immune response and several indicators of infectious disease correlate negatively with reproductive success. Similar relations are found between secondary sexual characters and infection parameters. For brood-size-manipulated birds there was a significant interaction between experimentally increased reproductive effort and parasitic infection rate with regard to both current and future fecundity. It seems possible that the interaction between parasitic infection, nutrition and reproductive effort can be an important mechanism in the ultimate shaping of life-history variation in avian populations.
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31.
  • Hansdotter, Frida I., et al. (författare)
  • The incidence of acute gastrointestinal illness in Sweden
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 43:5, s. 540-547
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate the self-reported domestic incidence of acute gastrointestinal illness in the Swedish population irrespective of route of transmission or type of pathogen causing the disease. Previous studies in Sweden have primarily focused on incidence of acute gastrointestinal illness related to consumption of contaminated food and drinking water. Methods: In May 2009, we sent a questionnaire to 4000 randomly selected persons aged 0-85 years, asking about the number of episodes of stomach disease during the last 12 months. To validate the data on symptoms, we compared the study results with anonymous queries submitted to a Swedish medical website. Results: The response rate was 64%. We estimated that a total number of 2744,778 acute gastrointestinal illness episodes (95% confidence intervals 2475,641-3013,915) occurred between 1 May 2008 and 30 April 2009. Comparing the number of reported episodes with web queries indicated that the low number of episodes during the first 6 months was an effect of seasonality rather than recall bias. Further, the result of the recall bias analysis suggested that the survey captured approximately 65% of the true number of episodes among the respondents. Conclusions: The estimated number of Swedish acute gastrointestinal illness cases in this study is about five times higher than previous estimates. This study provides valuable information on the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms in Sweden, irrespective of route of transmission, indicating a high burden of acute gastrointestinal illness, especially among children, and large societal costs, primarily due to production losses.
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32.
  • He, Yifei, et al. (författare)
  • FFTc: An MLIR Dialect for Developing HPC Fast Fourier Transform Libraries
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Euro-Par 2022. ; , s. 80-92
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) libraries are one of the most critical software components for scientific computing. Inspired by FFTW, a widely used library for DFT HPC calculations, we apply compiler technologies for the development of HPC Fourier transform libraries. In this work, we introduce FFTc, a domain-specific language, based on Multi-Level Intermediate Representation (MLIR), for expressing Fourier Transform algorithms. We present the initial design, implementation, and preliminary results of FFTc.
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33.
  • Heggebo, L. C., et al. (författare)
  • Investigating survival, quality of life and cognition in PROton versus photon therapy for IDH-mutated diffuse grade 2 and 3 GLIOmas (PRO-GLIO): a randomised controlled trial in Norway and Sweden
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 13:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IntroductionThe use of proton therapy increases globally despite a lack of randomised controlled trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety. Proton therapy enables sparing of non-neoplastic tissue from radiation. This is principally beneficial and holds promise of reduced long-term side effects. However, the sparing of seemingly non-cancerous tissue is not necessarily positive for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutated diffuse gliomas grade 2-3, which have a diffuse growth pattern. With their relatively good prognosis, yet incurable nature, therapy needs to be delicately balanced to achieve a maximal survival benefit combined with an optimised quality of life.Methods and analysisPRO-GLIO (PROton versus photon therapy in IDH-mutated diffuse grade 2 and 3 GLIOmas) is an open-label, multicentre, randomised phase III non-inferiority study. 224 patients aged 18-65 years with IDH-mutated diffuse gliomas grade 2-3 from Norway and Sweden will be randomised 1:1 to radiotherapy delivered with protons (experimental arm) or photons (standard arm). First intervention-free survival at 2 years is the primary endpoint. Key secondary endpoints are fatigue and cognitive impairment, both at 2 years. Additional secondary outcomes include several survival measures, health-related quality of life parameters and health economy endpoints.Ethics and disseminationTo implement proton therapy as part of standard of care for patients with IDH-mutated diffuse gliomas grade 2-3, it should be deemed safe. With its randomised controlled design testing proton versus photon therapy, PRO-GLIO will provide important information for this patient population concerning safety, cognition, fatigue and other quality of life parameters. As proton therapy is considerably more costly than its photon counterpart, cost-effectiveness will also be evaluated. PRO-GLIO is approved by ethical committees in Norway (Regional Committee for Medical & Health Research Ethics) and Sweden (The Swedish Ethical Review Authority) and patient inclusion has commenced. Trial results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals, relevant conferences, national and international meetings and expert forums.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05190172).
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34.
  • Helmfrid, Ingela, et al. (författare)
  • Miljögifter i blod hos högkonsumenter av Vätternfisk
  • 2003
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Blodprover från kvinnliga "Vätternfiskkonsumenter" har bestämts med avseende på halten av polyklorerade bifenyler (PCB), 1,1-diklor-2,2-bis(4-klordifenyl)etylen (DDE), Hexaklorben-sen (HCB), hexaklor cyklohexan (HCH), Polybromerade difenyletrar (PBDE) och kvicksilver (Hg). Gruppen bestod av 37 kvinnor som var fritidsfiskare eller fruar till fritids- eller yrkes-fiskare. Halterna jämfördes med kontroller och förutom analys av blodets halt av miljögifter kartlades också gruppens dietvanor med hjälp av en kostenkät.Resultaten visar att halterna av samtliga miljögifter med undantag av HCB var högre hos Vät-ternfiskkonsumenter än i kontrollgrupperna. Halten av PCB 153 (en variant av PCB) låg un-gefär i samma nivå (115-625 ng/g fett) som tidigare rapporterats hos fruar till fiskare på ost-kusten (151-463 ng/g fett) då personer i samma åldersgrupp jämförs (37-59 år). Vid jämförel-ser av medelvärden utan hänsyn till ålder, hade kvinnor som konsumerar fisk från Vättern högre halter (354 ng/g fett) än som har rapporterats i en studie av fruar till fiskare på ostkusten (160 ng/g fett). De höga halterna beror på att flertalet av deltagarna i denna studie är äldre och att blodets halt av PCB, DDE och HCB ökar med stigande ålder.Blodets medianhalter av den ingående varianten i flamskyddsmedel, BDE 47 var generellt låg men var något högre bland Vätternfiskkonsumenter jämfört med kontrollen (3,6 respekti-ve 2,9 ng/g fett). Fiskkonsumtion anses enligt tidigare studier vara en viktig orsak till att PBDEs som används som flamskyddsmedel samlas i kroppen.Medelvärdet av halten metylkvicksilver hos Vätternfiskkonsumenter var 9,4 μg/l vilket är 3-5 gånger högre än den hos kontrollgrupperna (2,6 μg/l respektive 1,6 μg/l). Förklaringen är sannolikt Vätternfiskkonsumenternas höga konsumtionen av både mager (abborre, gädda) och fet (lax, röding, öring) rovfisk under flera års tid. Samtliga Vätternfiskkonsumenter med halter över 19μg/l i blodet åt främst abborre och/eller lax, röding, öring 1-3 gånger vecka. Andra studier har tidigare visat att nervsystemet hos foster kan påverkas om mödrarna har kvicksil-verhalter över 10 μg/l och flera kvinnor i denna studie hade alltså halter som översteg detta värde.Även om halterna av främst PCB och metylkvicksilver i blodet hos Vätternfiskkonsumenter är höga är det inte motiverat att avråda äldre personer eller kvinnor som inte tänker skaffa fler barn att äta fet fisk. Tvärtom, nyttan med sådan fisk överväger. Den feta fisken innehåller Omega-3-fettsyror som minskar risken för hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Däremot indikerar fyn-den i denna undersökning att kvinnor i barnafödande ålder ej bör äta stora mängder av framför allt abborre och fet fisk från Vättern.
  •  
35.
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36.
  • Holst-Ekström, Måns, et al. (författare)
  • Châteaux disparus, temps perdus : namnen och frånvaron
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Grammatica officinalis. - 9789198357318 ; , s. 1-7
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This essay is about a number of French castles, from the 18th and 19th centuries, it concerns the rôle of architecture in relation to memory and litterature. It is also about the specific works of artist Marie Andersson, and how she photography and architecture.
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37.
  • Hult Roos, Andreas, et al. (författare)
  • Relative extent of triple Auger decay in CO and CO2
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics - PCCP. - 1463-9076. ; 21, s. 9889-94
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Systematic measurements on single and triple Auger decay in CO and CO2 after the creation of a C 1s or a O 1s core vacancy show that the percentage of triple Auger decay is on the order of 10−2 of the single Auger decay in these molecules. The fractions of triple Auger decay are compared with triple Auger fractions for carbon atoms and some noble gas atoms, and are found to follow a linear trend correlated to the number of valence electrons on the atom with the initial core vacancy and on its closest neighbours. This linear trend for the percentage of triple Auger decay is represented by a predictive equation TA = 0.13·Nve − 0.5.
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38.
  • Idvall, Ingrid, et al. (författare)
  • Histopathological and cell biological factors of ductal carcinoma in situ before and after the introduction of mammographic screening
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 40:5, s. 653-659
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With the introduction of mammographic screening the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has increased to 10-15% of all breast cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there were any morphological and cell biological differences between DCIS detected during the pre-screening (n = 39) as opposed to the screening period (n = 120). We could not demonstrate any statistically significant differences between the pre-screening and the screening period with regard to nuclear grade, presence of necrosis, the Van Nuys classification system, growth pattern, or cell biological factors (estrogen and progesterone receptors, c-erbB-2, p53, DNA ploidy status, Ki67, and Auer classes). These findings suggest that DCIS tumors detected during the two time periods have a similar malignant potential. DCIS detected during the screening period was further divided into the prevalence period versus the period thereafter, and symptomatic versus screening-detected asymptomatic cases. More cases with diffuse growth patterns were seen during the prevalence period than after the prevalence period, and screening-detected asymptomatic DCISs were more often 15 mm or smaller in diameter than DCISs detected symptomatically.
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39.
  • Karp, Martin, 1996-, et al. (författare)
  • Experience and Analysis of Scalable High-Fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics on Modular Supercomputing Architectures
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The never-ending computational demand from simulations of turbulence makes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) a prime application use case for current and future exascale systems. High-order finite element methods, such as the spectral element method, have been gaining traction as they offer high performance on both multicore CPUs and modern GPU-based accelerators. In this work, we assess how high-fidelity CFD using the spectral element method can exploit the modular supercomputing architecture at scale through domain partitioning, where the computational domain is split between GPUs and CPUs. We investigate several different flow cases and computer systems based on the MSA. We observe that for our simulations, the communication overhead and load balancing issues incurred by incorporating different computing architectures are seldom worthwhile, especially when I/O is also considered, but when the simulation at hand requires more than the combined global memory on the GPUs, utilizing additional CPUs to increase the available memory can be fruitful. We support our results with a simple performance model to assess when running across modules might be beneficial. For a smaller supercomputer where the computation takes significant amounts of time on the CPU module, it can be beneficial to also use a GPU module to decrease the execution time significantly.
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40.
  • Koulentianos, Dimitris, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Formation and relaxation of K-2 and K-2V double-core-hole states in n-butane
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 157:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using a magnetic bottle multi-electron time-of-flight spectrometer in combination with synchrotron radiation, double-core-hole pre-edge and continuum states involving the K-shell of the carbon atoms in n-butane ( n-C4H10) have been identified, where the ejected core electron(s) and the emitted Auger electrons from the decay of such states have been detected in coincidence. An assignment of the main observed spectral features is based on the results of multi-configurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) calculations for the excitation energies and static exchange (STEX) calculations for energies and intensities. MCSCF results have been analyzed in terms of static and dynamic electron relaxation as well as electron correlation contributions to double-core-hole state ionization potentials. The analysis of applicability of the STEX method, which implements the one-particle picture toward the complete basis set limit, is motivated by the fact that it scales well toward large species. We find that combining the MCSCF and STEX techniques is a viable approach to analyze double-core-hole spectra.
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41.
  • Lehikoinen, Aleksi, et al. (författare)
  • Phenology of the avian spring migratory passage in Europe and North America : Asymmetric advancement in time and increase in duration
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 101, s. 985-991
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Climate change has been shown to shift the seasonal timing (i.e. phenology) and distribution of species. The phenological effects of climate change on living organisms have often been tested using first occurrence dates, which may be uninformative and biased. More rarely investigated is how different phases of a phenological sequence (e.g. beginning, central tendency and end) or its duration have changed over time. This type of analysis requires continuous observation throughout the phenological event over multiple years, and such data sets are rare. In this study we examined the impact of temperature on long-term change of passage timing and duration of the spring migration period in birds, and which species' traits explain species-specific variation. Data used covered 195 species from 21 European and Canadian bird observatories from which systematic daily sampling protocols were available. Migration dates were negatively associated with early spring temperature and timings had in general advanced in 57 years. Short-distance migrants advanced the beginning of their migration more than long-distance migrants when corrected for phylogenic relatedness, but such a difference was not found in other phases of migration. The advancement of migration has generally been greater for the beginning and median phases of migration relative to the end, leading to extended spring migration seasons. Duration of the migration season increased with increasing temperature. Phenological changes have also been less noticeable in Canada even when corrected for rate of change in temperature. To visualize long-term changes in phenology, we constructed the first multi-species spring migration phenology indicator to describe general changes in median migration dates in the northern hemisphere. The indicator showed an average advancement of one week during five decades across the continents (period 1959-2015). The indicator is easy to update with new data and we therefore encourage future research to investigate whether the trend towards longer periods of occurrence or emergence in spring is also evident in other migratory populations. Such phenological changes may influence detectability in monitoring schemes, and may have broader implications on population and community dynamics.
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42.
  • Liu, Felix, et al. (författare)
  • Distributed Objective Function Evaluation for Optimization of Radiation Therapy Treatment Plans
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: PPAM 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13826.. - : Springer Nature.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The modern workflow for radiation therapy treatment planning involves mathematical optimization to determine optimal treatment machine parameters for each patient case. The optimization problems can be computationally expensive, requiring iterative optimization algorithms to solve. In this work, we investigate a method for distributing the calculation of objective functions and gradients for radiation therapy optimization problems across computational nodes. We test our approach on the TROTS dataset--- which consists of optimization problems from real clinical patient cases---using the IPOPT optimization solver in a leader/follower type approach for parallelization. We show that our approach can utilize multiple computational nodes efficiently, with a speedup of approximately 2-3.5 times compared to the serial version.
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43.
  • Magnusson, Måns, et al. (författare)
  • Cervical Muscle Afferents Play a Dominant Role over Vestibular Afferents during Bilateral Vibration of Neck Muscles.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Vestibular Research. - 1878-6464. ; 16:3, s. 127-136
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A previous study showed that vibratory stimulation of neck muscles in humans induced short-latency electromyographic (EMG) activation of lower leg muscles, producing postural reactions at the feet. These findings indicated that cervical proprioception contributes to stabilization of stance through rapidly integrated pathways. However, as vibration may excite both proprioceptive and vestibular afferents, and because of the proximity of neck muscles to the vestibular apparatus, neck muscle vibration could also have activated the vestibular system thereby contributing to the effect observed. To investigate any possible contribution of vestibular stimulation, vibratory stimuli were applied bilaterally and separately to the splenius muscles of the neck and the planum mastoideum overlying the vestibular organs. Ten normal subjects, with eyes closed, were exposed to vibratory stimulation of two different amplitudes and frequencies. Responses were assessed by EMG activity recorded from tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles of both legs and by changes in center of pressure as measured by a force platform. Results indicated that vibration induced reproducible EMG and postural responses in the anteroposterior direction, particularly on cessation of vibration. EMG and postural responses were considerably lower and less consistent with mastoid vibration compared with neck muscles vibration. Previous reports suggest that vibratory stimulation could propagate to the vestibular organs and generate a vestibular-induced postural activation. However, our findings indicate that cervical muscles afferents play a dominant role over vestibular afferents when vibration is directed towards the neck muscles.
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44.
  • Mellenius, Harriet, 1983- (författare)
  • Exploring and predicting DNA template dependent variation in transcription
  • 2012
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Reliable transmission of information from DNA to proteins is a pre-requisite for all life, where substitution errors in the polypeptide chain may arise from transcription, aminoacylation of tRNAs or translation. The fidelity control mechanisms in transcription have nevertheless received little attention, based on the assumption that the transcriptional error is masked by the translational error. This thesis shows how accuracy theory can be applied to transcription to elucidate the principles of transcriptional accuracy. The DNA template dependent transcriptional accuracy variation is studied through modelling based on transition state theory, using thermodynamic properties of the nucleic acids in the transcription bubble. The models show that the error frequency variation in transcription causes it to surpass the translational error in some sequence contexts, making transcription a significant source of amino acids substitution errors.
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45.
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46.
  • Merilä, Juha, et al. (författare)
  • Reproductive effort and success are related to haematozoan infections in blue tits
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: Ecoscience. ; :6, s. 421-428
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The associations between reproductive effort, as assessed by variation in natural clutch size and experimentally altered brood size, breeding success, and prevalence of blood parasite infections were studied in blue tits, Parus caeruleus. Females infected with blood parasites during incubation had laid significantly smaller clutches than non-infected females, irrespective of female age and laying date. Infected and non-infected females did not differ in the length of incubation delay, the time spent incubating eggs, or in fledging success. However, nestlings reared by females that had infections during incubation fledged in significantly poorer condition than nestlings reared by non-infected females. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that parasites had a negative impact bn their blue tit hosts, but they do not exclude the possibility that the prevalence of haematozoans and reduction in reproductive output (clutch size) and success (fledging condition) were independently triggered by some third factor (e.g., energetic stress caused by variation in territory quality). However, the prevalence of parasites at day 14 posthatch was related to experimentally altered brood size: adult females and males rearing enlarged broods were more likely to be infected than those rearing control or reduced broods, although the opposite was true for juvenile females and males. From our results, we suggest that a naturally low reproductive output (clutch size) may be an indicator of low individual quality, and that there may be a trade-off between reproductive effort and immunocompetence.
  •  
47.
  • Muhrbeck, Måns, et al. (författare)
  • Efficacy of topical honey compared to systemic gentamicin for treatment of infected war wounds in a porcine model : A non-inferiority experimental pilot study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 53:2, s. 381-392
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: In armed conflicts, infected wounds constitute a large portion of the surgical workload. Treatment consists of debridements, change of dressings, and antibiotics. Many surgeons advocate for the use of honey as an adjunct with the rationale that honey has bactericidal and hyperosmotic properties. However, according to a Cochrane review from 2015 there is insufficient data to draw any conclusions regarding the efficacy of honey in treatment of wounds. We, therefore, decided to evaluate if honey is non-inferior to gentamicin in the treatment of infected wounds in a highly translatable porcine wound model. Material and methods: 50 standardized wounds on two pigs were infected with S. aureus and separately treated with either topically applied Manuka honey or intramuscular gentamicin for eight days. Treatment efficacy was evaluated with quantitative cultures, wound area measurements, histological, immunohistochemical assays, and inflammatory response. Results: Topically applied Manuka honey did not reduce bacterial count or wound area for the duration of treatment. Intramuscular gentamicin initially reduced bacterial count (geometric mean 5.59*,0.37 - 4.27 *,0.80 log10 (GSD) CFU/g), but this was not sustained for the duration of the treatment. However, wound area was significantly reduced with intramuscular gentamicin at the end of treatment (mean 112.8 +/- 30.0-67.7 +/- 13.2 (SD) mm(2)). ANOVA-analysis demonstrated no variation in bacterial count for the two treatments but significant variation in wound area (p = 0.0001). The inflammatory response was more persistent in the pig with wounds treated with topically applied Manuka honey than in the pig treated with intramuscular gentamicin. Conclusion: At the end of treatment S. aureus count was the same with topically applied Manuka honey and intramuscular gentamicin. The wound area was unchanged with topically applied Manuka honey and decreased with intramuscular gentamicin. Topically applied Manuka honey could consequently be non inferior to intramuscular gentamicin in reducing S. aureus colonization on the wounds surface, but not in reducing wound size. The use of Manuka honey dressings to prevent further progression of a wound infection may therefore be of value in armed conflicts, where definite care is not immediately available.
  •  
48.
  • Muhrbeck, Måns, et al. (författare)
  • Predicting surgical resource consumption and in-hospital mortality in resource-scarce conflict settings: a retrospective study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: BMC Emergency Medicine. - : BMC. - 1471-227X. ; 21:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background In armed conflicts, civilian health care struggles to cope. Being able to predict what resources are needed is therefore vital. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) implemented in the 1990s the Red Cross Wound Score (RCWS) for assessment of penetrating injuries. It is unknown to what extent RCWS or the established trauma scores Kampala trauma Score (KTS) and revised trauma score (RTS) can be used to predict surgical resource consumption and in-hospital mortality in resource-scarce conflict settings. Methods A retrospective study of routinely collected data on weapon-injured adults admitted to ICRCs hospitals in Peshawar, 2009-2012 and Goma, 2012-2014. High resource consumption was defined as >= 3 surgical procedures or >= 3 blood-transfusions or amputation. The relationship between RCWS, KTS, RTS and resource consumption, in-hospital mortality was evaluated with logistic regression and adjusted area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). The impact of missing data was assessed with imputation. Model fit was compared with Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Results A total of 1564 patients were included, of these 834 patients had complete data. For high surgical resource consumption AUC was significantly higher for RCWS (0.76, 95% CI 0.74-0.78) than for KTS (0.53, 95% CI 0.50-0.56) and RTS (0.51, 95% CI 0.48-0.54) for all patients. Additionally, RCWS had lower AIC, indicating a better model fit. For in-hospital mortality AUC was significantly higher for RCWS (0.83, 95% CI 0.79-0.88) than for KTS (0.71, 95% CI 0.65-0.76) and RTS (0.70, 95% CI 0.63-0.76) for all patients, but not for patients with complete data. Conclusion RCWS appears to predict surgical resource consumption better than KTS and RTS. RCWS may be a promising tool for planning and monitoring surgical care in resource-scarce conflict settings.
  •  
49.
  • Muhrbeck, Måns, 1974- (författare)
  • Surgery in Armed Conflicts : Predicting surgical treatment needs and improving resource use in resource-constrained settings
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background In armed conflicts, civilian health care struggles to cope. Understanding the relationship between demographics, injury mechanism, and injury patterns to predict what surgical resources are needed is therefore vital. In the 1990s the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) implemented the Red Cross Wound Score (RCWS) for the assessment of penetrating injuries. It is unknown to what extent RCWS can be used to predict surgical resource consumption and in-hospital mortality. A substantial portion of surgical resources in conflicts are used in the treatment of infected wounds, which entails antibiotics, debridements, and change of dressings. Many health care providers advocate for the use of honey as an adjunct due to its bactericidal and hyperosmotic properties. However, the scientific evidence to support this notion is insufficient. If efficacy for honey could be demonstrated, the need for repeated debridements and antibiotics could potentially be reduced, subsequently allowing for more efficient use of surgical resources.  Objectives To increase knowledge regarding the relationship between demographics, injury mechanism, injury patterns, treatment received (Paper I), treatment trends (Paper II), and surgical resources consumption (Paper III). To identify predictive methods (Paper III) and practices (Paper IV) that can improve how surgical resources are used in resource-constrained conflict settings.  Materials and Methods In Papers I – III routine clinical data from patients treated at three ICRC hospitals were used. The patients had weapon-related injuries from either the conflict around the Afghanistan – Pakistan border or the conflict in the Kivu region in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In Paper I, the relationships between gender, injury mechanism, injury patterns, and treatment received were examined with univariate statistics. In Paper II, differences in treatment practices between 1992 – 1995 and 2009 – 2012 for extremity injuries were analysed with univariate statistics and logistic regression to adjust for differences in injury mechanism and severity. In Paper III, univariate statistics, logistic regression, receiver operating characteristics curves, and goodness of fit were used to determine the predictive ability of RCWS and commonly used trauma scores for surgical resource consumption. In Paper IV, 50 standardized wounds on two pigs were infected with S. aureus and separately treated with either topical honey or intramuscular gentamicin to determine if topical honey is non-inferior to systemic gentamicin treatment. Treatment efficacy was evaluated with quantitative cultures, wound area measurements, histological and immunohistochemical assays, as well as assessment of inflammatory response.  Main findings In both conflicts, most of the patients were males in their mid-twenties with injuries to the extremities. Injuries from indiscriminate weapons (such as bombs, missiles, and explosives) were more predominant in the Afghanistan – Pakistan border conflict, and gunshot injuries were more frequent in the Kivu conflict. Soft tissue procedures were the most common type of surgery. Less than 20% of the patients were subjected to major surgery, and in-hospital mortality was under 5% (Papers I – III). Females were more frequently injured by indiscriminate weapons, had more severely affected vital parameters, received more blood transfusions, and were subjected to more extensive surgery than the males (Paper I). During the last decades, the risk for amputation remained unchanged, while the use of external fixation and split skin grafts decreased (Paper II). RCWS predicted high surgical resource consumption better than and in-hospital mortality at least equal to commonly used trauma scores (Paper III). Wound size was unchanged with topical honey and decreased with intramuscular gentamicin. However, there was no difference in bacterial count between honey and gentamicin at the end of treatment (Paper IV). Conclusions Females were more frequently injured by indiscriminate weapons, had more severe injuries, and had greater surgical treatment needs than the males (Paper I). Even though injuries to the extremities remain common in armed conflicts, the use of limb-preserving treatment techniques seems to have decreased during the last decades (Paper II). RCWS demonstrated a better predictive ability for surgical resource consumption compared to commonly used trauma scores (Paper III). Topical honey may be non-inferior to gentamicin in reducing S. aureus colonization on the wound’s surface, but not in reducing wound size (Paper IV).  
  •  
50.
  • Muhrbeck, Måns, et al. (författare)
  • Trends in Demographics and Surgical Treatment of Weapon-Related Limb Injuries Over Two Decades in a Resource-Scarce Setting
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: World Journal of Surgery. - : SPRINGER. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 43:11, s. 2681-2688
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background In the past decades, surgical management of limb injuries in high-resource settings has improved. The possibility of limb salvage has increased. It is not known whether similar changes have transpired in resource-scarce conflict settings. Methods Retrospective cohort study using routinely collected patient data from the International Committee of the Red Cross hospitals in Pakistan was conducted. Consecutive data from 2009 to 2012 (535 patients) and randomly selected data from 1992 to 1995 (463 patients) were used. Only patients with weapon-related limb injuries were included. Differences in surgical procedures were assessed with logistic regression to adjust for confounding factors. Results Less injuries were related to mines in 2009-2012 than in 1992-1995 (3.7% vs. 20.3%, p amp;lt; 0.0001), but injuries from bombs, shells and fragments were more frequent (38.5% vs. 19.4%, p amp;lt; 0.0001) as were injuries with only a small degree of tissue damage (42.0% vs. 31.1%, p = 0.0004). In the logistic regression, the time period did not affect the risk of amputation, debridement, length of hospital stay or in-hospital mortality. The use of external fixation (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.96, p = 0.04), split skin grafts (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.21-0.45, p amp;lt; 0.0001) and blood transfusion (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.28-0.66, p = 0.0001) was less frequent in 2009-2012. Conclusion In this resource-scarce conflict setting, the risk of amputation appears unchanged over time, while the use of external fixation and split skin grafts was less common in 2009-2012 than in 1992-1995. These results contrast with the improved limb salvage results seen in high-resource settings. It likely reflects the challenges of providing advanced limb-preserving techniques in a resource-scarce setting.
  •  
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