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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Andersson Maria 1965 ) "

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1.	Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al. (författare) A Novel Nanosafety Approach Using Cell Painting, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Captures the Cellular and Molecular Phenotypes Induced by the Unintentionally Formed Metal-Based (Nano)Particles 2023 Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI. - 2073-4409. ; 12:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial 3D printing uses cutting-edge technologies and materials to produce a variety of complex products. However, the effects of the unintentionally emitted AM (nano)particles (AMPs) on human cells following inhalation, require further investigations. The physicochemical characterization of the AMPs, extracted from the filter of a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) 3D printer of iron-based materials, disclosed their complexity, in terms of size, shape, and chemistry. Cell Painting, a high-content screening (HCS) assay, was used to detect the subtle morphological changes elicited by the AMPs at the single cell resolution. The profiling of the cell morphological phenotypes, disclosed prominent concentration-dependent effects on the cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and the membranous structures of the cell. Furthermore, lipidomics confirmed that the AMPs induced the extensive membrane remodeling in the lung epithelial and macrophage co-culture cell model. To further elucidate the biological mechanisms of action, the targeted metabolomics unveiled several inflammation-related metabolites regulating the cell response to the AMP exposure. Overall, the AMP exposure led to the internalization, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton disruption, mitochondrial activation, membrane remodeling, and metabolic reprogramming of the lung epithelial cells and macrophages. We propose the approach of integrating Cell Painting with metabolomics and lipidomics, as an advanced nanosafety methodology, increasing the ability to capture the cellular and molecular phenotypes and the relevant biological mechanisms to the (nano)particle exposure.
2.	Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al. (författare) Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa 2018 Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
3.	Hallquist, Mattias, 1969, et al. (författare) Chemical characterization of the urban aerosol during GÖTE-2005 2005 Ingår i: Abstracts of the Nordic Society for Aerosol Research Symposium, Göteborg, Sweden. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
4.	Jensen Wolfhechel, Ola, 1965-, et al. (författare) Norrlands vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer – en förstudie : rapport från ett FoU-projekt 2022 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Syftet med föreliggande förstudie har varit att ta fram ett underlag inför ett kommande tvärvetenskapligt forsknings- och digitaliseringsprojekt. Bakgrunden är att Riksantikvarieämbetet under 1940-1980-talen genomförde omfattande arkeologiska, men även naturvetenskapliga och etnologiska, undersökningar vid Norrlands älvar och sjöar som ett led i vattenkraftsutbyggnaden. Materialet kom under 1960-1980-talen att bearbetas tillsammans med Stockholms universitet inom ramen för det tvärvetenskapliga projektet Norrlands Tidiga Bebyggelse. Insatserna resulterade i ett rikt material som idag förvaras i Riksantikvarieämbetets arkiv. Då stora delar av Norrland alltjämt är antikvariskt eftersatta utgör det ett mycket viktigt källmaterial för både forskning och förvaltning av dess kulturmiljöer.Det långsiktiga målet med förstudien och det kommande projektet är att skapa ett kunskapsunderlag för forskning och redskap för landskapsanalyser som leder till ett hållbart bevarande och förvaltning av Norrlands vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer. Inom förstudien har en rad viktiga forsknings- och förvaltningsområden identifierats. För att ta fram ett adekvat underlag inför ansökan har den bland annat mynnat ut i olika förslag på strategier för det kommande projektets genomförande och finansiering, en fördjupning av frågor som rör förvaltning av vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer, utvecklat tvärvetenskapliga forskningsfrågor, tagit fram en digitaliseringsstrategi, formaliserat ett nätverk och en referensgrupp, genomfört en behovsanalys samt en inventering för att identifiera relevant arkivmaterial inom projektdeltagarnas respektive institutioner. Med förstudien har vi således lagt grunden till ett tvärvetenskapligt forsknings- och digitaliseringsprojekt som inkluderar kulturmiljöförvaltning, arkeologi, etnologi, sociologi och naturveten-skapliga ämnen, däribland miljö- och klimatforskning.
5.	Key, Timothy J., et al. (författare) Consumption of Meat, Fish, Dairy Products, Eggs and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease : A Prospective Study of 7198 Incident Cases Among 409,885 Participants in the Pan-European EPIC Cohort 2019 Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 139:25, s. 2835-2845 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty about the relevance of animal foods to the etiology of ischemic heart disease (IHD). We examined meat, fish, dairy products and eggs and risk for IHD in the pan-European EPIC cohort.METHODS: A prospective study of 409,885 men and women in nine European countries. Diet was assessed using validated questionnaires, calibrated using 24-hour recalls. Lipids and blood pressure were measured in a subsample. During 12.6 years mean follow up, 7198 participants had a myocardial infarction or died from IHD. The relationships of animal foods with risk were examined using Cox regression with adjustment for other animal foods and relevant covariates.RESULTS: The hazard ratio (HR) for IHD was 1.19 (95% CI 1.06-1.33) for a 100 g/d increment in intake of red and processed meat, and this remained significant after excluding the first 4 years of follow-up (HR 1.25 [1.09-1.42]). Risk was inversely associated with intakes of yogurt (HR 0.93 [0.89-0.98] per 100 g/d increment), cheese (HR 0.92 [0.86-0.98] per 30 g/d increment) and eggs (HR 0.93 [0.88-0.99] per 20 g/d increment); the associations with yogurt and eggs were attenuated and non-significant after excluding the first 4 years of follow-up. Risk was not significantly associated with intakes of poultry, fish or milk. In analyses modelling dietary substitutions, replacement of 100 kcal/d from red and processed meat with 100 kcal/d from fatty fish, yogurt, cheese or eggs was associated with approximately 20% lower risk of IHD. Consumption of red and processed meat was positively associated with serum non-HDL cholesterol concentration and systolic blood pressure, and consumption of cheese was inversely associated with serum non-HDL cholesterol.CONCLUSIONS: Risk for IHD was positively associated with consumption of red and processed meat, and inversely associated with consumption of yogurt, cheese and eggs, although the associations with yogurt and eggs may be influenced by reverse causation bias. It is not clear whether the associations with red and processed meat and cheese reflect causality, but they were consistent with the associations of these foods with plasma non-HDL cholesterol, and for red and processed meat with systolic blood pressure, which could mediate such effects.
6.	Thollander, Patrik, 1976-, et al. (författare) Energinyckeltal och växthusgasutsläpp baserade på industrins energianvändande processer 2021 Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract Svensk industri bör strategiskt arbeta mot ökad energi- och resurseffektivitet på en global marknad med knappare resurser. I detta sammanhang spelar beslutsunderlag och nyckeltal en central roll för att nå ökad effektivitet. Även för tillsynsmyndigheter är rättvisande nyckeltal avseende slutenergianvändning av mycket stor vikt för att kunna bedriva ett rättvist förebyggande och proaktivt arbete med svenska företag. De nyckeltal som finns på internationell och nationell nivå är baserade på tillförd energi och ofta relaterade till en ekonomisk output, till exempel förädlingsvärde. Det saknas emellertid nyckeltal kring slutenergianvändningen inom svensk industri fördelat på energibärare såsom el och olja och fördelat på slutenergiprocesser såsom ugnar, tryckluftskompressorer, etc. De siffror som ibland anges är baserade på grova uppskattningar. Projektets mål har därför varit att generera ett processträd avseende flera av de största, till slutenergianvändning räknat, svenska industribranscherna avseende hur slutenergianvändningen är fördelad på processnivå och olika energibärare, samt att allokera växthusgasutsläpp på dessa olika processer. Resultaten indikerar att nyckeltal baserade på energianvändning och indirekta växthusgasutsläpp på processnivå kan bidra till bättre kunskap om i vilka industriella energianvändande processer den största potentialen för energieffektivisering och minskning av växthusgasutsläpp finns. För att upprätthålla kunskap om var den största potentialen för förbättring finns krävs att energidata regelbundet samlas in efter en standardiserad kategorisering av energianvändande processer. Även om projektet har avgränsats till svensk industri kan resultatet vara till nytta också för andra medlemsstater inom EU liksom globalt.
7.	Adolfsson, Jesper, et al. (författare) Faktaunderlag med klimat utmaningar för Västra Götaland Ett gott liv i en fossiloberoende region 2015 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
8.	Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al. (författare) Particle Safety Assessment in Additive Manufacturing : From Exposure Risks to Advanced Toxicology Testing. 2022 Ingår i: Frontiers in Toxicology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-3080. ; 4 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial three-dimensional (3D) printing drives a new spectrum of design and production possibilities; pushing the boundaries both in the application by production of sophisticated products as well as the development of next-generation materials. AM technologies apply a diversity of feedstocks, including plastic, metallic, and ceramic particle powders with distinct size, shape, and surface chemistry. In addition, powders are often reused, which may change the particles' physicochemical properties and by that alter their toxic potential. The AM production technology commonly relies on a laser or electron beam to selectively melt or sinter particle powders. Large energy input on feedstock powders generates several byproducts, including varying amounts of virgin microparticles, nanoparticles, spatter, and volatile chemicals that are emitted in the working environment; throughout the production and processing phases. The micro and nanoscale size may enable particles to interact with and to cross biological barriers, which could, in turn, give rise to unexpected adverse outcomes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of signaling pathways, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Another important aspect of AM-associated risks is emission/leakage of mono- and oligomers due to polymer breakdown and high temperature transformation of chemicals from polymeric particles, both during production, use, and in vivo, including in target cells. These chemicals are potential inducers of direct toxicity, genotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. Nevertheless, understanding whether AM particle powders and their byproducts may exert adverse effects in humans is largely lacking and urges comprehensive safety assessment across the entire AM lifecycle-spanning from virgin and reused to airborne particles. Therefore, this review will detail: 1) brief overview of the AM feedstock powders, impact of reuse on particle physicochemical properties, main exposure pathways and protective measures in AM industry, 2) role of particle biological identity and key toxicological endpoints in the particle safety assessment, and 3) next-generation toxicology approaches in nanosafety for safety assessment in AM. Altogether, the proposed testing approach will enable a deeper understanding of existing and emerging particle and chemical safety challenges and provide a strategy for the development of cutting-edge methodologies for hazard identification and risk assessment in the AM industry.
9.	Andersson, Irene, 1978, et al. (författare) Endothelial dysfunction in growth hormone transgenic mice 2006 Ingår i: Clinical Science. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 110:2, s. 217-25 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Acromegaly [overproduction of GH (growth hormone)] is associated with cardiovascular disease. Transgenic mice overexpressing bGH (bovine GH) develop hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia and could be a model for cardiovascular disease in acromegaly. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of excess GH on vascular function and to test whether oxidative stress affects endothelial function in bGH transgenic mice. We studied the ACh (acetylcholine)-induced relaxation response in aortic and carotid rings of young (9-11 weeks) and aged (22-24 weeks) female bGH transgenic mice and littermate control mice, without and with the addition of a free radical scavenger {MnTBAP [Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride]}. We also measured mRNA levels of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and EC-SOD (extracellular superoxide dismutase). Intracellular superoxide anion production in the vascular wall was estimated using a dihydroethidium probe. Carotid arteries from bGH transgenic mice had an impaired ACh-induced relaxation response (young, 46 +/- 7% compared with 69 +/- 8%; aged, 52 +/- 5% compared with 80 +/- 3%; P < 0.05), whereas endothelial function in aorta was intact in young but impaired in aged bGH transgenic mice. Endothelial dysfunction was corrected by addition of MnTBAP in carotid arteries from young mice and in aortas from aged mice; however, MnTBAP did not correct endothelial dysfunction in carotid arteries from aged bGH transgenic mice. There was no difference in intracellular superoxide anion production between bGH transgenic mice and control mice, whereas mRNA expression of EC-SOD and eNOS was increased in aortas from young bGH transgenic mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). We interpret these data to suggest that bGH overexpression is associated with a time- and vessel-specific deterioration in endothelial function, initially caused by increased oxidative stress and later by other alterations in vascular function.
10.	Beck-Friis, Thomas, et al. (författare) Burden of rotavirus infection in hospitalized elderly individuals prior to the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in Sweden 2019 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-6532. ; 119, s. 1-5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Rotavirus gastroenteritis (GE) in the elderly has been much less studied than in children. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the morbidity and mortality for elderly hospitalized patients with rotavirus GE prior to the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in Sweden, and to investigate the epidemiology of rotavirus genotypes in these patients. Study design: All patients 60 years or older who were hospitalized at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, and were rotavirus positive in a clinical diagnostic test from 2009 to 2016, were included. Medical records were reviewed and rotavirus genotyping real-time PCR was performed. Results: One hundred and fifty-nine patients were included, corresponding to an annual incidence of hospitalization due to rotavirus GE of 16/100 000 inhabitants aged 60 years or older. G2P[4] was the most common genotype, followed by G1P[8] and G4P[8]. The majority of patients had community-onset of symptoms and no or few pre-existing health disorders. Four patients (2.5%) died within 30 days of sampling. Patients with hospital-onset rotavirus GE had a longer median length of stay following diagnosis compared with patients with community-onset of symptoms (19 vs. 5 days, p = 0.001) and higher 30-day mortality (8.6% (3/35) vs. < 1% (1/124), p = 0.03). Conclusions: Hospitalization due to rotavirus GE among the elderly seems to mainly affect otherwise healthy individuals and is associated with low 30-day mortality.
11.	Bodén, Stina, et al. (författare) Dietary inflammatory index and risk of first myocardial infarction : a prospective population-based study 2017 Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : BioMed Central. - 1475-2891. ; 16 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Chronic, low-grade inflammation is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The inflammatory impact of diet can be reflected by concentrations of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream and the inflammatory potential of diet can be estimated by the dietary inflammatory index (DII(TM)), which has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk in some previous studies. We aimed to examine the association between the DII and the risk of first myocardial infarction (MI) in a population-based study with long follow-up.METHOD: We conducted a prospective case-control study of 1389 verified cases of first MI and 5555 matched controls nested within the population-based cohorts of the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS), of which the largest is the ongoing Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) with nearly 100 000 participants during the study period. Median follow-up from recruitment to MI diagnosis was 6.4 years (6.2 for men and 7.2 for women). DII scores were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered in 1986-2006. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using quartile 1 (most anti-inflammatory diet) as the reference category. For validation, general linear models were used to estimate the association between the DII scores and two inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in a subset (n = 605) of the study population.RESULTS: Male participants with the most pro-inflammatory DII scores had an increased risk of MI [ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.57 (95% CI 1.21-2.02) P trend = 0.02], which was essentially unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders, including cardiovascular risk factors [ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.50 (95% CI 1.14-1.99), P trend = 0.10]. No association was found between DII and MI in women. An increase of one DII score unit was associated with 9% higher hsCRP (95% CI 0.03-0.14) and 6% higher IL-6 (95% CI 0.02-0.11) in 605 controls with biomarker data available.CONCLUSION: A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with an elevated risk of first myocardial infarction in men; whereas for women the relationship was null. Consideration of the inflammatory impact of diet could improve prevention of cardiovascular disease.
12.	Erlandsson, Malin, 1972, et al. (författare) Expression of metastasin S100A4 is essential for bone resorption and regulates osteoclast function. 2013 Ingår i: Biochimica et biophysica acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3002. ; 1833:12, s. 2653-2663 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract S100A4 is a Ca-binding protein that regulates cell growth, survival, and motility. The abundant expression of S100A4 in rheumatiod arthritis contributes to the invasive growth of joint tissue and to bone damage. In the present study, we analysed the role of S100A4 in bone homeostasis.
13.	Sansone, Martina, et al. (författare) Extensive Hospital In-Ward Clustering Revealed By Molecular Characterization of Influenza A Virus Infection. 2020 Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 71:9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Nosocomial transmission of influenza A virus (InfA) infection is not fully recognized. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of hospitalized patients with InfA infections during an entire season and to investigate in-ward transmission at a large, acute-care hospital.During the 2016-17 season, all hospitalized patients≥18 years old with laboratory-verified (real-time polymerase chain reaction) InfA were identified. Cases were characterized according to age; sex; comorbidity; antiviral therapy; viral load, expressed as cycle threshold values; length of hospital stay; 30-day mortality; and whether the InfA infection met criteria for a health care-associated influenza A infection (HCAI). Respiratory samples positive for InfA that were collected at the same wards within 7 days were chosen for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and a phylogenetic analysis was performed to detect clustering. For reference, concurrent InfA strains from patients with community-acquired infection were included.We identified a total of 435 InfA cases, of which 114 (26%) met the HCAI criteria. The overall 30-day mortality rate was higher among patients with HCAI (9.6% vs 4.6% among non-HCAI patients), although the difference was not statistically significant in a multivariable analysis, where age was the only independent risk factor for death (P<.05). We identified 8 closely related clusters (involving≥3 cases) and another 10 pairs of strains, supporting in-ward transmission.We found that the in-ward transmission of InfA occurs frequently and that HCAI may have severe outcomes. WGS may be used for outbreak investigations, as well as for evaluations of the effects of preventive measures.
14.	Sansone, Martina, et al. (författare) Rhinovirus infections in western Sweden: a four-year molecular epidemiology study comparing local and globally appearing types 2013 Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 32:7, s. 947-954 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Human rhinovirus (HRV) is a highly prevalent pathogen and a major cause of acute respiratory tract
15.	Sundell, Nicklas, et al. (författare) Measles outbreak in Gothenburg urban area, Sweden, 2017 to 2018: low viral load in breakthrough infections 2019 Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - 1560-7917. ; 24:17, s. 2-12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In an outbreak of measles in Gothenburg, Sweden, breakthrough infections (i.e. infections in individuals with a history of vaccination) were common. The objective of this study was to compare measles RNA levels between naive (i.e. primary) and breakthrough infections. We also propose a fast provisional classification of breakthrough infections. Medical records were reviewed and real-time PCR-positive samples geno-typed. Cases were classified as naive, break-through or vaccine infections. We compared clinical symptoms and measles RNA cycle threshold (Ct) values between breakthrough and naive infections. Sixteen of 28 confirmed cases of measles in this outbreak were breakthrough infections. A fast provisional classification, based on previous history of measles vaccination and detectable levels of measles IgG in acute serum, correctly identified 14 of the 16 breakthrough infections, confirmed by IgG avidity testing. Measles viral load was significantly lower in nasopharyngeal samples from individuals with breakthrough compared with naive infections (median Ct-values: 32 and 19, respectively, p < 0.0001). No onward transmission from break-through infections was identified. Our results indicate that a high risk of onward transmission is limited to naive infections. We propose a fast provisional classification of breakthrough measles that can guide contact tracing in outbreak settings.
16.	Sundin, Maria, 1965, et al. (författare) Two studies using space sports in education and outreach – Sailing on Titan and Equestrian Sports on Mars 2018 Ingår i: XXXth General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union, Vienna, August 20-31, 2018. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
17.	Sundin, Maria, 1965, et al. (författare) Vi ska ta hästen med oss till Mars 2016 Ingår i: Forskning & Framsteg. - 0015-7937. ; :1, s. 48-51 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
18.	Waller, William H., et al. (författare) FM14 Session 2: Communicating Astronomy in our Changing World 2018 Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1743-9213 .- 1743-9221. ; 14:A30, s. 528-530 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract As the IAU heads towards its second century, many changes have simultaneously transformed Astronomy and the human condition world-wide. Amid the amazing recent discoveries of exoplanets, primeval galaxies, and gravitational radiation, the human condition on Earth has become blazingly interconnected, yet beset with ever-increasing problems of over-population, pollution, and never-ending wars. Fossil-fueled global climate change has begun to yield perilous consequences. And the displacement of people from war-torn nations has reached levels not seen since World War II. © International Astronomical Union 2020.
19.	Öhrn, Maria, et al. (författare) Productivity, Satisfaction, Work Environment and Health after Relocation to an Activity-Based Flex Office : The Active Office Design Study 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Implementation of activity-based flex offices (AFOs) are becoming increasingly common. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an AFO on perceived productivity, satisfaction, work environment and health. Questionnaire data from the longitudinal, quasi-experimental Active Office Design Study was used. The study evaluates a public organization relocating staff to either an AFO or to cell offices. Measures from baseline, 6 and 18 months after relocation, were analyzed. Employees in the AFO experienced a decreased productivity and satisfaction with the office design. Lack of privacy as well as increased noise disturbance, less satisfaction with sit comfort and work posture were reported. Employees in the AFO with work tasks requiring a high degree of concentration experienced lower productivity while those with a high proportion of teamwork rated productivity to be continually high. No significant group differences were found between the two office types in general health, cognitive stress, salutogenic health indicators or pain in the neck, shoulder or back. The study highlights the importance of taking work characteristics into account in the planning and implementation process of an AFO. Flexible and interactive tasks seem more appropriate in an AFO, whereas individual tasks demanding concentration seem less fit.
20.	Andersson, Dan, 1966-, et al. (författare) Supply Co-ordination : A study of the Swedish food market 2008 Ingår i: IPSERA,2008. - Perth : CIPS. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
21.	Andersson, Filip, et al. (författare) Prevalence of cannabis use among young adults in Sweden comparing randomized response technique with a traditional survey 2023 Ingår i: Addiction. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 118:9, s. 1801-1810 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background and Aims: The prevalence of cannabis use based on self-reports is likely to be underestimated in population surveys, especially in contexts where its use is a criminal offence. Indirect survey methods ask sensitive questions ensuring that answers cannot be identified with an individual respondent, therefore potentially resulting in more reliable estimates. We aimed to measure whether the indirect survey method ‘randomized response technique’ (RRT) increased response rate and/or increased disclosure of cannabis use among young adults compared with a traditional survey.Design: We conducted two parallel nation-wide surveys during the spring and the summer of 2021. The first survey was a traditional questionnaire-based one (focusing on substance use and gambling). The second survey applied an indirect survey method known as ‘the cross-wise model’ to questions related to cannabis use. The two surveys employed identical procedures (e.g. invitations, reminders and wording of the questions)Setting and Participants: The participants were young adults (aged 18–29 years) living in Sweden. The traditional survey had 1200 respondents (56.9% women) and the indirect survey had 2951 respondents (53.6% women).Measurements: In both surveys, cannabis use was assessed according to three time-frames: life-time use; use during the past year; and use during the past 30 days.Findings: The estimated prevalence of cannabis use was two- to threefold higher on all measures when estimated using the indirect survey method compared with the traditional survey: use during life-time (43.2 versus 27.3%); during the past year (19.2 versus 10.4%); and during the past 30 days (13.2 versus 3.7%). The discrepancy was larger among males and individuals with an education shorter than 10 years, who were unemployed, and who were born in non-European countries.Conclusions: Indirect survey methods may provide more accurate estimates than traditional surveys on prevalence of self-reported cannabis use.
22.	Andersson, Karin, 1972, et al. (författare) Inflammation in the hippocampus affects IGF1 receptor signaling and contributes to neurological sequelae in rheumatoid arthritis. 2018 Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 115:51 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disease with a neurological component including depression, cognitive deficits, and pain, which substantially affect patients' quality of daily life. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling is one of the factors in RA pathogenesis as well as a known regulator of adult neurogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between IGF1R signaling and the neurological symptoms in RA. In experimental RA, we demonstrated that arthritis induced enrichment of IBA1+ microglia in the hippocampus. This coincided with inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and up-regulation of IGF1R in the pyramidal cell layer of the cornus ammoni and in the dentate gyrus, reproducing the molecular features of the IGF1/insulin resistance. The aberrant IGF1R signaling was associated with reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, smaller hippocampus, and increased immobility of RA mice. Inhibition of IGF1R in experimental RA led to a reduction of IRS1 inhibition and partial improvement of neurogenesis. Evaluation of physical functioning and brain imaging in RA patients revealed that enhanced functional disability is linked with smaller hippocampus volume and aberrant IGF1R/IRS1 signaling. These results point to abnormal IGF1R signaling in the brain as a mediator of neurological sequelae in RA and provide support for the potentially reversible nature of hippocampal changes.
23.	Andersson, Maria, 1965- (författare) Cooperation in local electricity markets : modelling of technical measures 1997 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This thesis presents a system analysis for co-operation in local electricity markets including distributors and customers. The purpose of co-operation is to minimise the system cost of local markets by introducing system measures, such as end-use measures and municipal co-generation plants. Co-operation will strengthen the position of local markets in the national as well as future international electricity markets. With end-use measures local markets will achieve flexibility, additional reserve capacity and ability to avoid sudden large costs for peak loads. Biomass-fired cogeneration plants can become of great importance in an international market. In Sweden there is a simultaneous demand for electricity and district heating, many local markets already include district heating systems and there are major forest areas which can contribute with renewable fuel. The system analysis is partly based on the simulation model (INDSIM) and the linear programming model (MODEST). The simulation model has been further developed (STRATO) to include calculation of system costs. Shadow price analysis has been developed in order to study incentives for system measures. Calculation procedures have been developed that describe cooperation between distributor and customer. Six case studies of a selection of real, existing local markets in Sweden are presented. The studies show the potential economical effects of co-operation measured by system costs and shadow prices. Co-operation has been considered between demand- and supply-side, electricity- and district heating systems and also between different time periods. In a typical local market with 90 000 inhabitants, if end use measures are introduced without cooperation the system cost of the distributor will increase by 14 million SEK for a time period of 25 years. If instead end-use measures are introduced in co-operation, together with a biomass-fired cogeneration plant, the system cost of the local market will be reduced by 444 million SEK. Furthermore, the use of biomass in the local market is increased from 36 to 72 % while the use of oil is decreased from 34 to 1%. Another case study of another local market (50 000 inhabitants) shows that end-use measures will reduce the system cost (excluding investment costs) of an industry by 50 % corresponding to 1.3 million SEK for one year. The end-use measures imply reduced power demand during peak load periods in the local market and increased power demand during non- peak load periods.
24.	Andersson, Maria, 1965-, et al. (författare) Cost-effective energy system measures studied by dynamic modelling 1993 Ingår i: 2nd International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management, APSCOM-93.. - London : Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE). - 0852965699 ; , s. 448-455 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In a national electricity system there often exists a great potential for increasing the cost-efficiency of the electricity use. However, if the economic incentives for improving the use of the system are too weak, it is most likely that this potential will not be utilised. If electricity tariffs reflect real electricity costs, over the year and the day, cost-effective incentives will arise for introducing energy system measures that will reduce the energy system cost considerably. This paper presents two energy system analyses of an existing Swedish municipal energy system. The analyses are carried out with a simulation model for electricity use in industrial energy systems, and an optimisation model that is based on linear programming.<>
25.	Andersson, Maria, 1965-, et al. (författare) Cost-effective incentives for cooperation between participants in the electricity market 1996 Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 54:4, s. 301-313 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the Swedish electricity system there is a great potential for increasing the cost efficiency of electricity use. Today economic incentives, offered for instance by existing electricity tariffs, are too weak to improve the use of the system. On the Swedish electricity market, there are at least three different participants, the power producer, the distributor and the customer. Today these participants act separately owing to low awareness of the costs for electricity over the year and the day. If the participants are aware of the real electricity costs, cost-effective incentives for cooperation will arise. When participants cooperate, the introduction of end-use measures will reduce system costs for those participants that are involved in cooperation. We present a system analysis for cooperation between distributor and customers. We also present results from a project, where behaviours of an existing distributor and existing customers have been analysed. The results show that there exist cost-effective incentives for cooperation when end-use measures are introduced.
26.	Andersson, Maria, 1965-, et al. (författare) Cost-effective incentives for end-use measures in a Swedish municipality 1996 Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Symposium [on] Efficiency, Costs, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Aspects of Energy Systems. - Stockholm : KTH Royal Institute of Technology. - 917170664X ; , s. 557-564 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract If actors on the electricity market cooperate when end-use measures are introduced the energy-system, cost will be reduced considerably. The marginal cost for electricity for the energy system of the actors will show cost effective incentives for introducing end-use measures. We present a system analysis for cooperation between distributors and customers. We also present results from a project where an existing distributor and eleven existing customers within a municipal energy system have been analysed. The customers are various industries, a hospital, an ice hockey arena, a harbour, a water-works, a warehouse, and a radio tower. The results show that the customers have in different end-use measures a power reduction capacity of maximum 8642 kW. With electricity costs of 1994 this corresponds to a reduction in the energy system cost of 2,852,000 SEK for one year. The results also show that for the distributor`s load curve of 1994, the full power reduction capacity can not be used since the peak loads of the five winter months are not so large and distinct. In that case the energy system cost can be reduced by 1,909,000 SEK, which is 67% of the maximum cost reduction. The end-use measures that are cost effective in this municipal energy system are load management and electricity generation in reserve power plants. We have also studied the profitability for introducing bivalent heating systems based on oil and electricity for heat loads that originally are based on oil. However, with existing electricity and oil costs there are no incentives for increasing the electricity use during non-peak load periods with bivalent heating systems.
27.	Andersson, Maria, 1965- (författare) Cost-effective incentives for local electric utilities and industries in co-operation : modelling of technical measures 1993 Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In the Swedish electricity system there is a great potential for increasing the cost efficiency of the electricity use. However, today the economic incentives, offered for instance by existing electricity rates, are too weak to improve the use of the system. On the Swedish electricity market there are, at least, three different actors, the power producer, the distributor and the customer. Today these actors act separately due to low awareness of the costs for electricity generation, over the year and the day. If the actors are aware of the real electricity costs, cost-effective incentives will arise to introduce energy system measures that will reduce the energy system cost considerably. The thesis presents two energy system analyses of an existing Swedish municipality. The first analysis deals with the introduction of industrial end-use measures, with the local utility’s existing electricity rates as boundary conditions. The analysis is carried out with a simulation model for electricity use in industries. The second analysis deals with the introduction of energy system measures, on the municipal supply-side and demand-side, when the local electric utility and the customers are regarded as one system. The analysis is carried out with an optimization model, that is based on linear programming. The results show that if 17 industries introduce end-use measures, with the existing electricity rates as boundary conditions, their energy system costs will be reduced by 12 MSEK for a time period of 10 years, whereas the local utility will increase its energy system cost by 6 MSEK. However, if there is a co-operation between the local electric utility and the customers, their joint energy system cost will be reduced by 330 MSEK for a time period of 10 years.
28.	Andersson, Maria, 1965-, et al. (författare) Energy system cost reduction as a result of end-use measures and the introduction of a biomass-fired co-generation plant 1993 Ingår i: International Conference on Renewable Energy - Clean Power 2001. - London : Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE). - 0852966059 ; , s. 37-42 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper will describe an energy system analysis of an existing Swedish municipality of 90 000 inhabitants. The analysis, which is performed by using an optimization model will show what energy system measures that should be introduced to minimize the total energy system cost. In the existing municipality a local utility distributes heat, for the district heating system, and electricity. The heat is generated by the utility and the electricity is purchased from a large power producer.
29.	Andersson, Maria, 1965- (författare) Shadow prices for heat generation in time-dependent and dynamic energy systems 1994 Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 19:12, s. 1205-1211 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Shadow prices for heat generation are used to study the impact of changes in heat demand on the total system cost of an existing district-heating system in Sweden. The energy system may be considered to be both dynamic, because there is energy storage, and time-dependent since the electricity tariff is time-differentiated and the heat demand varies over the year and day. The energy system has been analysed with and without energy storage. The analysis shows that despite a reduction in system cost, the use of energy storage can result in higher shadow prices for heat generation in some time periods.
30.	Andersson, Maria, 1965-, et al. (författare) The role of the Swedish municipalities in the transition towards sustainable energy systems 2019 Ingår i: WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy. - : WEENTECH. - 2059-2353. ; 5:1, s. 124-135 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Climate change is affecting the planet on a global level and it is of vital importance that actors in the energy system work together to achieve political goals, such as the United Nations' goal which states that the global temperature increase should be kept far below 2 °C. There is a need of actions and collaboration throughout the society. The aim of this paper is to make visible the role of Swedish municipalities in the transition towards sustainable energy systems. The paper presents a study of some ongoing activities and collaborations for increased sustainability where municipalities play a clear role. The study focuses on three areas; (1) municipalities´ activities towards citizens and business community, (2) municipalities’ activities linked to collaboration with other actors, and (3) challenges related to these activities. The study is based on information from a literature search and interviews. Representatives from eight Swedish municipalities have been interviewed. The result shows that the municipalities are involved in various activities and collaborations. This is done via networks, projects, consulting, information dissemination, showing good examples, tryout activities and nudging. Some important challenges have been found. One of them is the transport sector and how to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Another is to consider that the Swedish energy system is spread over a large geographical area with different opportunities and limitations concerning electricity production and the sizes of the municipalities. Energy system measures and policy programs need to consider these differences to minimize the risk for sub-optimal energy-system measures. A third challenge is the lack of time and resources within the municipalities to engage enough in energy and climate issues.
31.	Båth, Petra, 1988, et al. (författare) Lipidic cubic phase serial femtosecond crystallography structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre 2022 Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section D-Structural Biology. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 2059-7983. ; 78, s. 698-708 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Serial crystallography is a rapidly growing method that can yield structural insights from microcrystals that were previously considered to be too small to be useful in conventional X-ray crystallography. Here, conditions for growing microcrystals of the photosynthetic reaction centre of Blastochloris viridis within a lipidic cubic phase (LCP) crystallization matrix that employ a seeding protocol utilizing detergent-grown crystals with a different crystal packing are described. LCP microcrystals diffracted to 2.25 angstrom resolution when exposed to XFEL radiation, which is an improvement of 0.15 angstrom over previous microcrystal forms. Ubiquinone was incorporated into the LCP crystallization media and the resulting electron density within the mobile Q(B) pocket is comparable to that of other cofactors within the structure. As such, LCP microcrystallization conditions will facilitate time-resolved diffraction studies of electron-transfer reactions to the mobile quinone, potentially allowing the observation of structural changes associated with the two electron-transfer reactions leading to complete reduction of the ubiquinone ligand.
32.	Celec, Ulrica, et al. (författare) Bättre ljus i skolan minskar barnens stress 2015 Ingår i: NyTeknik, Debatt.. - 0550-8754. ; :23 juni 2015 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
33.	Engstrom, Maria (författare) BarnSäkert : Studies of the Safe Environment for Every Kid model in the Swedish Child Health Services for early identification of psychosocial risk factors in the home environment of young children 2023 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Psychosocial risk factors in the home environment may impair children’s health and development and increase the risk of child maltreatment. The Swedish child health services (CHS), provide health-promoting and primary preventive services for all children 0-6 years of age. However, the national CHS lack evidence-based tools to universally screen for the most common psychosocial risk factors. The Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK) model provides a method for identifying children who live in families with economic worries, depressive symptoms, parental stress, intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol misuse in order to offer relevant support and assistance to the family. The overarching aim of this thesis was to assess validity, clinical utility and outcomes of the Safe Environment for Every Kid model when applied in the Swedish Child Health Services setting. The SEEK model has been tested in a cluster randomized controlled trial within the CHS in the county of Dalarna. Studies I and II examined CHS nurses’ perception of their routine assessment of psychosocial risk factors in the family environment as well as their self-reported competence and the present organizational conditions in this context. Both studies used the same mixed method design, including surveys and focus group interviews. Study II analyzed the experiences of CHS nurses using the SEEK model in contrast to those using current standard practice. CHS nurses had extensive experience in dealing with the targeted risk factors, but using the SEEK model strengthened their sense of competence in identifying and responding to the needs of families with such problems. Using the SEEK model seems to have narrowed the gap between the nurses’ perception that it is both important and suitable to address psychosocial risk factors within the CHS and their previously limited ability to do so. Study III evaluated the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Parent Screening Questionnaire (PSQ-S) using data from surveys answered by parents (n=611). The PSQ-S was compared to standardized instruments for the targeted psychosocial risk factors. The PSQ-S showed a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 52% and a positive and negative predictive values of 67% and 87%, respectively. Study IV examined the self-reported rates of the targeted risk factors among parents who completed the PSQ-S at age-specific CHS visits during the intervention period. A total of 7483 PSQ-S were analysed. Over half of the PSQ-S had a positive screen for at least one risk factor. The problems were common throughout the child’s first five years of life and were about as common among mothers and fathers. The proportion of PSQ-S with a positive screen decreased significantly from the beginning to the end of the intervention.The results suggest that the SEEK model, as applied in these studies, shows a high degree of validity and clinical utility in the CHS setting. The experience of SEEK nurses showed that the model was helpful in their daily work. There is room for improvement with respect to sensitivity regarding IPV and how the nurses address parents with alcohol misuse. Many parents were willing to disclose the targeted risk factors in the context of the CHS visits and use of the SEEK model likely provided opportunities for assistance that may otherwise have been missed.
34.	Fazey, Ioan, et al. (författare) Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there 2020 Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 70 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
35.	Franzén, Ida, et al. (författare) Environmental Comparison of Energy Solutions for Heating and Cooling 2019 Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 11:24 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Humanity faces several environmental challenges today. The planet has limited resources, and it is necessary to use these resources effectively. This paper examines the environmental impact of three energy solutions for the heating and cooling of buildings. The solutions are conventional district heating and cooling, a smart energy solution for heating and cooling (ectogrid™), and geothermal energy. The ectogrid™ balances energy flows with higher and lower temperatures to reduce the need for supplied energy. The three solutions have been studied for Medicon Village, which is a district in the city of Lund in Sweden. The study shows that the energy use for the conventional system is 12,250 MWh for one year, and emissions are 590 tons of CO2 equivalents. With ectogrid™, the energy use is reduced by 61%, and the emissions are reduced by 12%, compared to the conventional system. With geothermal energy, the energy use is reduced by 70%, and the emissions by 20%. An analysis is also made in a European context, with heating based on natural gas and cooling based on air conditioners. The study shows that the environmental impact would decrease considerably by replacing the carbon dioxide intensive solution with ectogrid™ or geothermal energy.
36.	Frihammar, Mattias, PhD, 1967-, et al. (författare) I kalla krigets spår : hot, våld och beskydd som kulturarv 2023 Bok (refereegranskat)abstract Det förflutna används ständigt för att ge mening åt nuet. I kalla krigets spår skildrar framväxten av ett nytt svenskt militärt kulturarv. Här visas hur minnen och lämningar från en tid fylld av rädsla och säkerhetspolitiska spänningar får nya innebörder när bunkrar och nedlagda militäranläggningar omvandlas till museer, lyxbostäder och spännande besöksmål.Genom fältbesök vid en rad militära kulturarvsplatser runt om i Sverige har författarna undersökt vilka miljöer, föremål och känslor som idag får representera kalla kriget. De visar hur dåtidens hemligheter, hotbilder och militärfordon både blir kittlande och fascinerande inslag i kulturarvet och förmedlar idéer om trygghet och beskydd.Här tas ett nytt grepp på kulturarvsfrågor genom att minnesskapande sätts i relation till säkerhetspolitik. Utifrån kritiska kulturarvsstudier och feministisk teori diskuteras den nationella gemenskapens gränser och vilken roll som genus och sexualitet har i berättelserna om hot och försvar.I en demokrati måste frågor om militärt våld alltid genomlysas och diskuteras. Med denna utgångspunkt granskas kulturarvets betydelse för förståelsen av hot och säkerhet. Boken uppmanar till reflektion om hur historien skrivs och om vad som krävs för att skapa trygghet.I kalla krigets spår är ett resultat av ett tvärvetenskapligt forskningsprojekt. Författarna är forskare vid Stockholms universitet och har skrivit boken tillsammans.
37.	Frihammar, Mattias, et al. (författare) Kalla kriget som njutning och ideal 2021 Ingår i: Dagens arena. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Känsloläget i försvarsdebatten har höjts, inte minst av Försvarsmakten själv. Frågan är inte längre om utan när kriget kommer. Den nya retoriken åkallar känslor förknippade med kalla kriget. En hotfull historisk period som idag används för att rättfärdiga försvarspolitik och signalera trygghet, skriver fyra forskare som tittat närmare på läget.
38.	Fröidh, Oskar, 1965-, et al. (författare) Utbud och priser i persontrafik på järnväg 2022 : Utveckling i Sverige 1990-2022 2022 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Syftet med föreliggande rapport är att följa upp utvecklingen av utbud och priser inom persontrafik på järnväg med ett urval sträckor i Sverige och till grannländerna som en del av Transportstyrelsens marknadsövervakning.För de flesta järnvägslinjerna med persontrafik har utbud och biljettpriser studerats för en relation mellan två orter. På några viktigare relationer har insamlingen utökats med även kommersiella flyg- och busslinjer som konkurrerar med tåg för att få en helhetsbild av resemarknaden. Data om utbudet har samlats in en helgfri onsdag i mars eller oktober, beroende på förutsättningarna respektive år. 2022 var den planerade resdagen, eller huvudmätdagen, onsdagen den 5 oktober och priserna motsvarar bokning en vecka innan avresa. Målet har varit att representera en typisk vardag utan störning av helger eller semesterperioder som kan påverka resandet.Persontrafiken på järnväg har trendmässigt ökat sedan 1990 och har mer än dubblerats på 30 år. Efterfrågan har växt i takt med utbudsförbättringar genom snabbare tåg, tätare turer och attraktiva priser. Coronapandemin 2020 innebar dock ett kraftigt avbräck i utvecklingen. Under 2022 har en återhämtning skett och fritidsresandet med tåg blev i ungefär samma storleksordning som det tidigare toppåret 2019, medan tjänsteresorna ligger lägre.Den uppåtgående trenden i biljettpriser 2022 kan förklaras av den ökade efterfrågan på framför allt fritidsresor som gör det möjligt för järnvägsföretagen att ta igen förlorade intäkter från coronapandemiåren 2020-2021. Den begränsade tillgången till billiga biljetter kan dock ha medfört att flera resenärer får betala mer för sina tågresor. Det ger en större effekt för resenärerna, särskilt vid senare bokningar, än prishöjningar inom respektive biljettpriskategori som ingår i undersökningen.Flygutbudet har inte återhämtat sig lika väl som tåget sedan coronapandemin, och ligger 2022 generellt på ungefär halva antalet avgångar jämfört med 2019. Däremot sker en priskonkurrens med tåg på de största reserelationerna Göteborg−Stockholm, Malmö−Stockholm och Umeå−Stockholm, med billiga flygbiljetter som beroende på avgång kan vara lägre än tillgängliga biljetter för tågresa. Inte heller bussutbudet har återhämtat sig och det är svårt för buss att konkurrera såväl i restid som i pris med lågprisbiljetter för tåg och flyg på de större relationerna.Sammanfattningsvis har 2022 präglats av sviter av coronapandemin, särskilt personalbrist, men även andra problem inom järnvägen som försenad tidtabellsplanering. Efterfrågan är relativt svag på tjänsteresor men stark på privatresor, i nivå med det tidigare toppåret 2019. Ett flertal biljettpriser har stigit men annars ligger utbudet nästan i nivå med det tidigare toppåret 2019.
39.	Gilles, Stefanie, et al. (författare) Pollen exposure weakens innate defense against respiratory viruses. 2020 Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 75:3, s. 576-587 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Hundreds of plant species release their pollen into the air every year during early spring. During that period, pollen allergic as well as non-allergic patients frequently present to doctors with severe respiratory tract infections.To assess whether pollen may interfere with antiviral immunity.We combined data from real life human exposure cohorts, a mouse model and human cell culture to test our hypothesis.Pollen significantly diminished interferon-λ and pro-inflammatory chemokine responses of airway epithelia to rhinovirus and viral mimics and decreased nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factors. In mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus, co-exposure to pollen caused attenuated antiviral gene expression and increased pulmonary viral titers. In non-allergic human volunteers, nasal symptoms were positively correlated with airborne birch pollen abundance, and nasal birch pollen challenge led to down-regulation of type I and -III interferons in nasal mucosa. In a large patient cohort, numbers of rhinovirus-positive cases were correlated with airborne birch pollen concentrations.The ability of pollen to suppress innate antiviral immunity, independent of allergy, suggests that high-risk population groups should avoid extensive outdoor activities when pollen and respiratory virus seasons coincide.
40.	Hjort, Mattias, 1972-, et al. (författare) Jämförelse av vinter och sommardäck på barmark sommartid : tester, riskanalys och djupstudier 2015 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Allt fler bilister har ersatt sina dubbade vinterdäck med dubbfria. Eftersom det inte är olagligt att köra med odubbade vinterdäck på sommaren väljer ett stort antal förare att låta vinterdäcken sitta på även sommartid. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka skillnad i väggrepp mellan vinter- och sommardäck sommartid, samt att uppskatta tänkbara trafiksäkerhetseffekter av att använda vinterdäck sommartid. En fältstudie genomfördes där väggrepp mättes på torr och våt asfalt med olika typer av däck. Resultaten visade att vinterdäcken (odubbade av Nordisk typ) i genomsnitt resulterade i 15–20 procent längre bromssträckor jämfört med sommardäcken. Skaderiskanalyser genomfördes för tre olika typer av trafikolyckor: bakifrånkollision, frontalkollision och påkörning av fotgängare. Studien visade på ökningar av skaderisken vid användning av vinterdäck istället för sommardäck för alla tre olyckstyperna. Vid låga kollisionshastigheter är den absoluta riskökningen liten kanske bara ett fåtal procent, medan den relativa ökningen kan vara stor, ibland upp till en fördubbling av risken. Djupstudier av dödsolyckor sommartid indikerade en riskökning på 3 procent vid användning av vinterdäck sommartid jämfört med sommardäck. Detta resultat är dock inte statistiskt signifikant.
41.	Hober, Sophia, Professor, 1965-, et al. (författare) Systematic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay 2021 Ingår i: Clinical & Translational Immunology. - : Wiley. - 2050-0068. ; 10:7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective. The COVID-19 pandemic poses an immense need for accurate, sensitive and high-throughput clinical tests, and serological assays are needed for both overarching epidemiological studies and evaluating vaccines. Here, we present the development and validation of a high-throughput multiplex bead-based serological assay. Methods. More than 100 representations of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were included for initial evaluation, including antigens produced in bacterial and mammalian hosts as well as synthetic peptides. The five best-performing antigens, three representing the spike glycoprotein and two representing the nucleocapsid protein, were further evaluated for detection of IgG antibodies in samples from 331 COVID-19 patients and convalescents, and in 2090 negative controls sampled before 2020. Results. Three antigens were finally selected, represented by a soluble trimeric form and the S1-domain of the spike glycoprotein as well as by the C-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid. The sensitivity for these three antigens individually was found to be 99.7%, 99.1% and 99.7%, and the specificity was found to be 98.1%, 98.7% and 95.7%. The best assay performance was although achieved when utilising two antigens in combination, enabling a sensitivity of up to 99.7% combined with a specificity of 100%. Requiring any two of the three antigens resulted in a sensitivity of 99.7% and a specificity of 99.4%. Conclusion. These observations demonstrate that a serological test based on a combination of several SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay.
42.	Jansson, Marcus, et al. (författare) Water Hammer Induced Cavitation - A Numerical and Experimental Study 2017 Ingår i: Fluid Power in the Digital Age. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Cavitation erosion is one of the main concerns in hydraulic rock drills and can reduce both performance as well as life span. Current simulation tools can detect a potential risk of cavitation, however, the equations do not include cavitation physics and therefore cannot estimate the severity nor erosion locations. In order to evaluate the cavitation damage, long term tests are performed which are both costly and time consuming. With better computational capacity and more accurate numerical flow models, the possibilities to simulate the course of cavitation have increased. So far, most numerical studies on cavitation focus on steady-state problems while studies on hydraulic transients and water hammer effects have received less attention. This paper is a step towards simulation of water hammer induced cavitation and cavitation erosion in pipe flow using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In order to validate the results, experimental measurements are performed with a test equipment that creates hydraulic transients in a pipe and records these using piezoelectric pressure sensors. The results from CFD are compared to both the experimental data and to numerical results from a software called Hopsan, a one-dimensional multi-domain system simulation tool that uses wave characteristics to calculate pressures and flows. For smaller transients where no cavitation occur, all results show good agreement. For larger transients with cavitation, the results from Hopsan do not longer agree with the measurements, while the CFD model still performs well and is able to predict both formation and collapse of cavitation.
43.	Johnsson, Simon, et al. (författare) En ljus framtid : Energieffektivisering inom industriell belysning ochdess mervärden, hinder och drivkrafter 2024 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denna rapport är ett försök att sammanfatta den forskning som har gjorts inom området energieffektivisering av industriell belysning med fokus på teknik, hinder, drivkrafter och mervärden. Rapporten har skrivits inom ramen för projektet Mervärden vid energieffektivisering – för en ökad energieffektivisering inom industriell belysning, som finansierats av Energimyndigheten. Målgruppen är vetenskapssamhället i Sverige, universitetsstudenter med energi- och miljöinriktning och industriföretag.Resultaten från litteraturstudien visar att den forskning som har gjorts inom området energieffektivisering av industriell belysning och dess potentiella mervärden är förhållandevis begränsad. Vad författarna kan se så saknas exempelvis studier som tar ett helhetsgrepp på mervärden. Det saknas även forskning om metoder för kvantifiering av mervärdens ekonomiska betydelse.När det gäller forskning som relaterar till styrning och optimering av belysning så finns en del studier med fokus på bostäder, offentliga lokaler och gatubelysning. Forskning som studerar styrning och optimering av industriell belysning lyser med sin frånvaro. Det ska sägas att studierna av bostäder, offentliga lokaler och gatubelysning innehåller metoder som skulle kunna vara användbara även för industriell belysning. Några exempel på områden är prediktivt underhåll för industriell belysning samt optimering och styrning av belysning tillsammans med andra stödprocesser såsom luftkonditionering.Styrning och optimering av belysning underlättas om det finns infrastruktur för digital teknik, det vill säga en infrastruktur som tillhandahåller sensorer, datakommunikation, datalagring och dataanalys. Om denna infrastruktur inte finns tillgänglig i tillräcklig utsträckning kan ett alternativ vara att använda ett koncept likt ”Ljus som tjänst”. Dock är det inte säkert att det är lika kostnadseffektivt som en lokalt optimerad lösning.Det finns hinder som försvårar energieffektivisering av industriell belysning. Litteraturstudien indikerar att de mest nämnda hindren är finansiella och informativa. Informativa hinder kan överkommas genom styrmedel såsom energikartläggningsstöd för små och medelstora företag samt energinätverksprogram. Om mervärden kan inkluderas i ett investeringsunderlag så skulle det kunna bidra till att finansiella hinder minskar. För att kunna göra detta behöver mervärdeskonceptet bli mer allmänt känt.
44.	Khan, Omar M., 1980, et al. (författare) Geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) deficiency hyperactivates macrophages and induces erosive arthritis in mice. 2011 Ingår i: The Journal of clinical investigation. - 1558-8238. ; 121:2, s. 628-39 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract RHO family proteins are important for the function of inflammatory cells. They are modified with a 20-carbon geranylgeranyl lipid in a process catalyzed by protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I). Geranylgeranylation is viewed as essential for the membrane targeting and activity of RHO proteins. Consequently, inhibiting GGTase-I to interfere with RHO protein activity has been proposed as a strategy to treat inflammatory disorders. However, here we show that mice lacking GGTase-I in macrophages develop severe joint inflammation resembling erosive rheumatoid arthritis. The disease was initiated by the GGTase-I-deficient macrophages and was transplantable and reversible in bone marrow transplantation experiments. The cells accumulated high levels of active GTP-bound RAC1, CDC42, and RHOA, and RAC1 remained associated with the plasma membrane. Moreover, GGTase-I deficiency activated p38 and NF-κB and increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The results challenge the view that geranylgeranylation is essential for the activity and localization of RHO family proteins and suggest that reduced geranylgeranylation in macrophages can initiate erosive arthritis.
45.	Lam, Monika M., 1987- (författare) Characterization of PAC-contaminated soil with the focus on availability, leachability and biological activities 2018 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Current risk assessments of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs)-contaminated soil are often based on the 16 priority PAHs and do not consider availability of PACs in soil sufficiently. This may lead to uncertainties of the assessment, since important contaminants can be overlooked and only a small fraction of contaminants is available for the uptake for organisms. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop a refined and enhanced analytical approach based on both chemical and bioassay analysis coupled to passive sampling with polyoxymethylene (POM) and leaching tests that can provide a more comprehensive picture of chemical pollution at PAC-contaminated sites. To achieve this, bioassay-specific relative potency factors (REPs) of PACs were determined for the H4IIE-luc bioassay, detecting AhR-mediated activity, and for the VM7luc4E2 transactivation assay, detecting ER-mediated activity for the use in potency-balance analysis. Results of uptake-experiments of PACs in earthworms and POM suggested that POM is a suitable tool to study availability of AhR and ER agonists in soil. Availability and mobility of PACs in soil were investigated by the use of POM and leaching tests. The results of potency-balance analysis showed that in soil samples, in POM-fractions or in leachates, a large fraction of AhR- or ER-agonists remained unexplained, despite the use of a large number of REPs. In addition, coupling of chemical and biological analysis to passive sampling or leaching tests revealed that only a small fraction of the total mass of PACs in the soil is available or leachable in soil. The results suggests that the use of only the total concentration in soil while ignoring unknown toxicants will lead to great uncertainties in the risk assessment. Therefore, effect-based screening using bioassays, taking availability and mobility of compounds into account, as well as a widened chemical analysis should be included in modern hazard- and risk assessment of PAH contaminated soils.
46.	Li, Huiqi, et al. (författare) Smoking-Induced Risk of Osteoporosis Is Partly Mediated by Cadmium From Tobacco Smoke : The MrOS Sweden Study 2020 Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 35:8, s. 1424-1429 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis and bone fracture. Moreover, smoking causes exposure to cadmium, which is a known risk factor for osteoporosis. It is hypothesized that part of smoking-induced osteoporosis may be mediated via cadmium from tobacco smoke. We investigated this hypothesis using mediation analysis in a Swedish cohort of elderly men. This study was performed in 886 elderly men from the Swedish cohort of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Urinary samples, bone mineral density (BMD), smoking data, and other background information were obtained at baseline in 2002–2004. Urinary cadmium was analyzed in baseline samples and adjusted for creatinine. The cohort was followed until August 2018 for fracture incidence, based on the X-ray register. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the indirect effect (via cadmium) of smoking on both BMD and fractures. Time to first fracture was analyzed using the accelerated failure time (AFT) model and Aalen's additive hazard model. The mean level of urinary cadmium was 0.25 μg/g creatinine. There were significant inverse associations between smoking and total body, total hip, and trochanter BMD. The indirect effects via cadmium were estimated to be 43% of the total effects of smoking for whole-body BMD, and even more for total hip and trochanter BMD. Smoking was also associated with higher risk of all fractures and major osteoporosis fractures. The indirect effects via cadmium were largest in nonvertebral osteoporosis fractures and hip fractures, constituting at least one-half of the total effects, in both the AFT and Aalen's model. The findings in this study provide evidence that cadmium exposure from tobacco smoke plays an important role in smoking-induced osteoporosis
47.	Lind, Thomas, Docent, 1965-, et al. (författare) Bones in human CYP26B1 deficiency and rats with hypervitaminosis A phenocopy Vegfa overexpression 2018 Ingår i: Bone Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1872. ; 9, s. 27-36 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Angulated femurs are present prenatally both in CYP26B1 deficient humans with a reduced capacity to degrade retinoic acid (RA, the active metabolite of vitamin A), and mice overexpressing vascular endothelial growth factor a (Vegfa). Since excessive ingestion of vitamin A is known to induce spontaneous fractures and as the Vegfa-induced femur angulation in mice appears to be caused by intrauterine fractures, we analyzed bones from a CYP26B1 deficient human and rats with hypervitaminosis A to further explore Vegfa as a mechanistic link for the effect of vitamin A on bone. We show that bone from a human with CYP26B1 mutations displayed periosteal osteoclasts in piles within deep resorption pits, a pathognomonic sign of hypervitaminosis A. Analysis of the human angulated fetal femur revealed excessive bone formation in the marrow cavity and abundant blood vessels. Normal human endothelial cells showed disturbed cell-cell junctions and increased CYP26B1 and VEGFA expression upon RA exposure. Studies in rats showed increased plasma and tissue Vegfa concentrations and signs of bone marrow microhemorrhage on the first day of excess dietary vitamin A intake. Subsequently hypervitaminosis A rats displayed excess bone formation, fibrosis and an increased number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, which are known characteristics of Vegfa overexpression. This study supports the notion that the skeletal phenotype in CYP26B1 deficient human bone is caused by excess RA. Our findings suggest that an initial part of the vitamin A mechanism causing bone alterations is mediated by excess Vegfa and disturbed bone marrow microvessel integrity.
48.	Lindén, Maria, 1965-, et al. (författare) High resolution laser Doppler perfusion imaging for the investigation of blood circulatory changes after microdialysis probe insertion 1997 Ingår i: Skin research and technology. - 0909-752X .- 1600-0846. ; 3, s. 227-232 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
49.	Magnusson, Yvonne, 1957, et al. (författare) Ser49Gly of beta1-adrenergic receptor is associated with effective beta-blocker dose in dilated cardiomyopathy. 2005 Ingår i: Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-9236. ; 78:3, s. 221-31 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the influence of polymorphisms at codons 49 and 389 of the beta1-adrenergic receptor (beta1-AR) on the response to beta-blockers and outcome in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: We genotyped both codons of the beta1-AR in 375 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and 492 control subjects. RESULTS: Neither of the polymorphisms was associated with susceptibility for dilated cardiomyopathy. In a retrospective analysis of patients receiving beta-blockers, there was a significant association between long-term survival rate and codon 49 (P = .014) but not codon 389 (P = .08). Despite a similar mean heart rate (69 beats/min), patients with the Ser49 genotype tended to have higher doses of beta-blockade compared with Gly49 carriers (P = .065). In patients receiving a low dose of beta-blockade (< or = 50% of targeted full dose), the 5-year mortality rate was lower among Gly49 carriers than Ser49 patients (risk ratio [RR], 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-0.80; P = .020). In patients receiving high doses of beta-blockers, there was no significant difference in outcome between genotypes (P = .20), which was attributable to a better outcome for Ser49 patients treated with a high dose of beta-blockade as compared with a low dose. Gly49 carriers had a similar survival rate with different doses of beta-blockers. With low-dose beta-blockers, both codon 49 (RR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.08-0.89; P = .029) and codon 389 (RR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.04-5.63, P = .039) were related to 5-year mortality rate. CONCLUSION: In patients with heart failure, the influence of codon 49 on the outcome and effect of beta-blockers appeared to be more pronounced than that of codon 389. The more common Ser49Ser genotype responded less beneficially to beta-blockade and would motivate genotyping to promote higher doses for the best outcome effect.
50.	Marcusson, Jan, et al. (författare) Proactive healthcare for frail elderly persons : study protocol for a prospective controlled primary care intervention in Sweden 2019 Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 9:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction The provision of healthcare services is not dedicated to promoting maintenance of function and does not target frail older persons at high risk of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a proactive medical and social intervention in comparison with conventional care on a group of persons aged 75 and older selected by statistical prediction.Methods and analysis In a pragmatic multicentre primary care setting (n=1600), a prediction model to find elderly (75+) persons at high risk of complex medical care or hospitalisation is used, followed by proactive medical and social care, in comparison with usual care. The study started in April 2017 with a run-in period until December 2017, followed by a 2-year continued intervention phase that will continue until the end of December 2019. The intervention includes several tools (multiprofessional team for rehabilitation, social support, medical care home visits and telephone support). Primary outcome measures are healthcare cost, number of hospital care episodes, hospital care days and mortality. Secondary outcome measures are number of outpatient visits, cost of social care and informal care, number of prescribed drugs, health-related quality of life, cost-effectiveness, sense of security, functional status and ability. We also study the care of elderly persons in a broader sense, by covering the perspectives of the patients, the professional staff and the management, and on a political level, by using semistructured interviews, qualitative methods and a questionnaire.Ethics and dissemination Approved by the regional ethical review board in Linköping (Dnr 2016/347-31). The results will be presented in scientific journals and scientific meetings during 2019–2022 and are planned to be used for the development of future care models.

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