| 1. |
- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Tobacco Smoke on IL-16 in CD8+ Cells from Human Airways and Blood: a Key Role for Oxygen Free Radicals?
- 2011
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Ingår i: AJP - Lung cellular and molecular physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1504. ; 300:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic exposure to tobacco smoke leads to an increase in the frequency of infections and in CD8(+) and CD4(+)cells as well as the CD4(+) chemo-attractant cytokine IL-16 in the airways. Here, we investigated whether tobacco smoke depletes intracellular IL-16 protein and inhibits de novo production of IL-16 in CD8(+) cells from human airways and blood, while at the same time increasing extracellular IL-16 and whether oxygen free radicals (OFR) are involved. Intracellular IL-16 protein in CD8(+) cells and mRNA in all cells was decreased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from chronic smokers. This was also the case in human blood CD8(+) cells exposed to water-soluble tobacco smoke components in vitro; in which oxidized proteins were markedly increased. Extracellular IL-16 protein was increased in cell-free BAL fluid from chronic smokers and in human blood CD8(+) cells exposed to water-soluble tobacco smoke components in vitro. This was not observed in occasional smokers after short-term exposure to tobacco smoke. A marker of activation (CD69) was slightly increased whereas other markers of key cellular functions (membrane integrity, apoptosis and proliferation) in human blood CD8(+) cells in vitro were negatively affected by water-soluble tobacco smoke components. An OFR scavenger prevented these effects whereas a protein synthesis inhibitor, a beta-adrenoceptor, a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, a phosphodiesterase, a calcineurin phosphatase and a caspase-3 inhibitor did not. In conclusion, tobacco smoke depletes preformed intracellular IL-16 protein, inhibits its de novo synthesis and distorts key cellular functions in human CD8(+) cells. OFR may play a key role in this context.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gravina, Giacomo, et al.
(författare)
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Survivin in autoimmune diseases.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Autoimmunity reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-0183 .- 1568-9972. ; 16:8, s. 845-855
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survivin is a protein functionally important for cell division, apoptosis, and possibly, for micro-RNA biogenesis. It is an established marker of malignant cell transformation. In non-malignant conditions, the unique properties of survivin make it indispensable for homeostasis of the immune system. Indeed, it is required for the innate and adaptive immune responses, controlling differentiation and maintenance of CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T-cells, and in B cell maturation. Recently, survivin has emerged as an important player in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Under the conditions of unreserved inflammation, survivin enhances antigen presentation, maintains persistence of autoreactive cells, and supports production of autoantibodies. In this context, survivin takes its place as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension, neuropathology and multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases and oral lichen planus. In this review, we summarise the knowledge about non-malignant properties of survivin and focus on its engagement in cellular and molecular pathology of autoimmune diseases. The review highlights utility of survivin measures for clinical applications. It provides rational for the survivin inhibiting strategies and presents results of recent reports on survivin inhibition in modern therapies of cancers and autoimmune diseases.
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| 4. |
- Khan, Omar M., 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) deficiency hyperactivates macrophages and induces erosive arthritis in mice.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical investigation. - 1558-8238. ; 121:2, s. 628-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RHO family proteins are important for the function of inflammatory cells. They are modified with a 20-carbon geranylgeranyl lipid in a process catalyzed by protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I). Geranylgeranylation is viewed as essential for the membrane targeting and activity of RHO proteins. Consequently, inhibiting GGTase-I to interfere with RHO protein activity has been proposed as a strategy to treat inflammatory disorders. However, here we show that mice lacking GGTase-I in macrophages develop severe joint inflammation resembling erosive rheumatoid arthritis. The disease was initiated by the GGTase-I-deficient macrophages and was transplantable and reversible in bone marrow transplantation experiments. The cells accumulated high levels of active GTP-bound RAC1, CDC42, and RHOA, and RAC1 remained associated with the plasma membrane. Moreover, GGTase-I deficiency activated p38 and NF-κB and increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The results challenge the view that geranylgeranylation is essential for the activity and localization of RHO family proteins and suggest that reduced geranylgeranylation in macrophages can initiate erosive arthritis.
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| 5. |
- Pirazzi, Carlo, et al.
(författare)
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PNPLA3 has retinyl-palmitate lipase activity in human hepatic stellate cells
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:15, s. 4077-4085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retinoids are micronutrients that are stored as retinyl esters in the retina and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). HSCs are key players in fibrogenesis in chronic liver diseases. The enzyme responsible for hydrolysis and release of retinyl esters from HSCs is unknown and the relationship between retinoid metabolism and liver disease remains unclear. We hypothesize that the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) protein is involved in retinol metabolism in HSCs. We tested our hypothesis both in primary human HSCs and in a human cohort of subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (N = 146). Here we show that PNPLA3 is highly expressed in human HSCs. Its expression is regulated by retinol availability and insulin, and increased PNPLA3 expression results in reduced lipid droplet content. PNPLA3 promotes extracellular release of retinol from HSCs in response to insulin. We also show that purified wild-type PNPLA3 hydrolyzes retinyl palmitate into retinol and palmitic acid. Conversely, this enzymatic activity is markedly reduced with purified PNPLA3 148M, a common mutation robustly associated with liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development. We also find the PNPLA3 I148M genotype to be an independent (P = 0.009 in a multivariate analysis) determinant of circulating retinol-binding protein 4, a reliable proxy for retinol levels in humans. This study identifies PNPLA3 as a lipase responsible for retinyl-palmitate hydrolysis in HSCs in humans. Importantly, this indicates a potential novel link between HSCs, retinoid metabolism and PNPLA3 in determining the susceptibility to chronic liver disease.
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| 6. |
- Aili, Katarina, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep problems and fatigue as predictors for the onset of chronic widespread pain over a 5-and 18-year perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPrevious research suggests that sleep problems may be an important predictor for chronic widespread pain (CWP). With this study we investigated both sleep problems and fatigue as predictors for the onset of CWP over a 5-year and an 18-year perspective in a population free from CWP at baseline.MethodsTo get a more stable classification of CWP, we used a wash-out period, including only individuals who had not reported CWP at baseline (1998) and three years prior baseline (1995). In all, data from 1249 individuals entered the analyses for the 5-year follow-up and 791 entered for the 18-year follow-up. Difficulties initiating sleep, maintaining sleep, early morning awakening, non-restorative sleep and fatigue were investigated as predictors separately and simultaneously in binary logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe results showed that problems with initiating sleep, maintaining sleep, early awakening and non-restorative sleep predicted the onset of CWP over a 5-year (OR 1.85 to OR 2.27) and 18-year (OR 1.54 to OR 2.25) perspective irrespective of mental health (assessed by SF-36) at baseline. Also fatigue predicted the onset of CWP over the two-time perspectives (OR 3.70 and OR 2.36 respectively) when adjusting for mental health. Overall the effect of the sleep problems and fatigue on new onset CWP (over a 5-year perspective) was somewhat attenuated when adjusting for pain at baseline but remained significant for problems with early awakening, non-restorative sleep and fatigue. Problems with maintaining sleep predicted CWP 18years later irrespective of mental health and number of pain regions (OR 1.72). Reporting simultaneous problems with all four aspects of sleep was associated with the onset of CWP over a five-year and 18-yearperspective, irrespective of age, gender, socio economy, mental health and pain at baseline. Sleep problems and fatigue predicted the onset of CWP five years later irrespective of each other.ConclusionSleep problems and fatigue were both important predictors for the onset of CWP over a five-year perspective. Sleep problems was a stronger predictor in a longer time-perspective. The results highlight the importance of the assessment of sleep quality and fatigue in the clinic.
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| 7. |
- Amato, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Grazer-induced transcriptomic and metabolomic response of the chain-forming diatom Skeletonema marinoi
- 2018
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Ingår i: ISME Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-7362 .- 1751-7370. ; 12, s. 1594-1604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diatoms and copepods are main actors in marine food webs. The prey-predator interactions between them affect bloom dynamics, shape marine ecosystems and impact the energy transfer to higher trophic levels. Recently it has been demonstrated that the presence of grazers may affect the diatom prey beyond the direct effect of grazing. Here, we investigated the response of the chain-forming centric diatom Skeletonema marinoi to grazer cues, including changes in morphology, gene expression and metabolic profile. S. marinoi cells were incubated with Calanus finmarchicus or with Centropages typicus and in both cases responded by reducing the chain length, whereas changes in gene expression indicated an activation of stress response, changes in the lipid and nitrogen metabolism, in cell cycle regulation and in frustule formation. Transcripts linked to G protein-coupled receptors and to nitric oxide synthesis were differentially expressed suggesting involvement of these signalling transduction pathways in the response. Downregulation of a lipoxygenase in the transcriptomic data and of its products in the metabolomic data also indicate an involvement of oxylipins. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the gene function in diatoms, providing information on the nature of genes implicated in the interaction with grazers, a crucial process in marine ecosystems.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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Long-distance mode choice estimation on joint travel survey and mobile phone network data
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 91-92
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Both survey data and mobile phone network data are associated with benefits and limitations. Mobile phone network data is limited in its lack of ground truth for the bus and car split, in the lack of socio-economic information about the traveller, as well as in the lack of information about trip purpose. Survey data on the other hand nowadays often has too few observations to obtain significance in important parameters, and it is unlikely that they capture a representative sample of the population. In this paper we investigate to what extent combining the two data sources for mode choice demand model estimation can mitigate the challenges present when only using a single data source, as well as to what extent the estimation can be improved by adding variables unique to the survey data. We also provide recommendations for data collection and combination for future mode choice demand models and analyse policy implications of the estimated results. We show that in our case the business cost parameter becomes insignificant when basing the estimation on survey data only. The business cost parameter is important to compute values of travel times which are relevant for social cost benefit analyses. A benefit of combining the two data sources is that we can both identify latent class variables which capture the correct business group in the latent class structure of the mobile phone network data, and simultaneously obtain better estimates of those variables based on observations from the survey data. Most of the elasticity results in this paper are on par with previous studies; however our results suggest higher cross-elasticities in response to train travel time than what has previously been observed, which could have implications for the social valuation of investments in high speed rail. In this paper we have shown that the proposed method of data combination is indeed valid, and that by combining the two data sources we can mitigate the limitations of each separate data source and thus maintain good quality mode choice demand forecasting models, even in the face of declining survey response rates.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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Long-distance mode choice model estimation using mobile phone network data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Choice Modelling. - : Elsevier. - 1755-5345. ; 42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we develop two methods for the use of mobile phone data to support the estimation of long-distance mode choice models. Both methods are based on logit formulations in which we define likelihood functions and use maximum likelihood estimation. Mobile phone data consists of information about a sequence of antennae that have detected each phone, so the mode choice is not actually observed. In the first trip-based method, the mode of each trip is inferred by a separate procedure, and the estimation process is then straightforward. However, since it is not always possible to determine the mode choice with certainty (although it is possible in the majority of cases), this method might give biased results. In our second antenna-based method we therefore base the likelihood function on the sequences of antennae that have detected the phones. The estimation aims at finding a parameter vector in the mode choice model that would explain the observed sequences best. The main challenge with the antenna-based method is the need for detailed resolution of the available data. In this paper we show the derivation of the two methods, that they coincide in case of certainty about the chosen mode and discuss the validity of assumptions and their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we apply the first trip-based method to empirical data and compare the results of two different ways of implementing it.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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Long-distance mode choice model estimation using mobile phone network data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Choice Modelling. - : Elsevier. - 1755-5345. ; 42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we develop two methods for the use of mobile phone data to support the estimation of long-distance mode choice models. Both methods are based on logit formulations in which we define likelihood functions and use maximum likelihood estimation. Mobile phone data consists of information about a sequence of antennae that have detected each phone, so the mode choice is not actually observed. In the first trip-based method, the mode of each trip is inferred by a separate procedure, and the estimation process is then straightforward. However, since it is not always possible to determine the mode choice with certainty (although it is possible in the majority of cases), this method might give biased results. In our second antenna-based method we therefore base the likelihood function on the sequences of antennae that have detected the phones. The estimation aims at finding a parameter vector in the mode choice model that would explain the observed sequences best. The main challenge with the antenna-based method is the need for detailed resolution of the available data. In this paper we show the derivation of the two methods, that they coincide in case of certainty about the chosen mode and discuss the validity of assumptions and their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we apply the first trip-based method to empirical data and compare the results of two different ways of implementing it.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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Mode Choice Latent Class Estimation on Mobile Network Data
- 2024
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Ingår i: SSRN Electronic Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-5068.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we use a nested latent class logit specification to define and estimate a large-scale mode choice demand forecasting model. We estimate this model based on mobile phone network data translated to roughly 100 000 long-distance trips within Sweden, achieving convergence of the model and credible parameter estimates. We develop methods to address two problems stemming from the nature of this data: the difficulties of distinguishing bus trips from car trips (since they share the same infrastructure) and distinguishing business from private trips (since trip purpose is unknown). To address the first issue, we estimate a nested logit model with an artificial nest that accounts for the differences in utility between bus and car. To address the latter issue, we estimate a latent class model, identifying classes of trips interpreted as private and business trips. Addressing these two issues substantially improves model fit.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Karin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Pathogenic Transdifferentiation of Th17 Cells Contribute to Perpetuation of Rheumatoid Arthritis during Anti-TNF Treatment.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1528-3658 .- 1076-1551. ; 21, s. 536-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- T-helper cells producing interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F cytokines (Th17 cells) are considered the source of autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we characterized specific pathogenic features of Th17 cells in RA. By using nano-string technology, we analyzed transcription of 419 genes in the peripheral blood CCR6(+)CXCR3(-) CD4(+) cells of 14 RA patients and 6 healthy controls and identified 109 genes discriminating Th17 cells of RA patients from the controls. Th17 cells of RA patients had an aggressive pathogenic profile and in addition to signature cytokines IL-17, IL-23 and IL-21, and transcriptional regulators RAR-related orphan receptor gamma of T cells (RORγt) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), they produced high levels of IL-23R, C-C chemokine ligand type 20 (CCL20), granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF ) and transcription factor Tbet required for synovial homing. We showed that Th17 cells are enriched with Helios-producing Foxp3- and IL2RA-deficient cells, indicating altered regulatory profile. The follicular T-helper (Tfh) cells presented a functional profile of adaptor molecules, transcriptional regulator Bcl-6 and B-cell activating cytokines IL-21, IL-31 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF ). We observed that anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment had a limited effect on the transcription signature of Th17 cells. Patients in remission retained the machinery of receptors (IL-23R and IL-1R1), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17F, IL-23, IL-21 and TNF ) and adaptor molecules (C-X-C chemokine receptor 5 [CXCR5] and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 [CTLA-4]), essential for efficient transdifferentiation and accumulation of Th17 cells. This study convincingly shows that the peripheral blood CCR6(+)CXCR3(-) CD4(+) cells of RA patients harbor pathogenic subsets of Th17 and Tfh cells, which may transdifferentiate from Tregs and contribute to perpetuation of the disease.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Karin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Survivin controls biogenesis of microRNA in smokers: A link to pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biochimica et biophysica acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3002. ; 1863:3, s. 663-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MicroRNAs (miRs) represent a part of epigenetic control of autoimmunity gaining increasing attention in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since cigarette smoking plays important role in RA pathogenesis and reprograms transcriptional profile of miRNAs, we ask if the onco-protein survivin, a novel biomarker of RA, may provide a link between smoking and miRNA. Studying survivin expression in leukocytes of 144 female RA patients we observed that smoking patients had higher survivin transcription and a remarkable spreading of survivin isoforms. This was associated with restricted pattern and low production of miRs. Additionally, miRNA processing enzymes Dicer and DGRC8 were decreased in the patients with survivin isoform spreading. The direct contribution of survivin in miRs biogenesis was confirmed by a massive increase of miRs production following inhibition of survivin in leukocyte cultures. Dicer is shown to mediate these effects of survivin. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated binding of survivin to the Dicer promoter region. Dicer expression increased 5-folds following survivin inhibition. Taken together, this study presents experimental evidence of a novel cellular function of survivin, control of miRs biogenesis. Up-regulation of survivin in smokers suggests its role as effector of the adverse epigenetic control in RA.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Maria, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced concentrations of dissolved gaseous mercury in the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean
- 2008
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Ingår i: Marine Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4203. ; 110:3-4, s. 190-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During an almost three months long expedition in the Arctic Ocean, the Beringia 2005, dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) was measured continuously in the surface water. The DGM concentration was measured using an equilibrium system, i.e. the DGM in the water phase equilibrated with a stream of gas and the gas was thereafter analysed with respect to its mercury content. The DGM concentrations were calculated using the following equation, DGM = Hg eq / k H' where Hg eq is the equilibrated concentration of elemental mercury in the gas phase and k H' is the dimensionless Henry's law constant at desired temperature and salinity. During the expedition several features were observed. For example, enhanced DGM concentration was measured underneath the ice which may indicate that the sea ice acted as a barrier for evasion of mercury from the Arctic Ocean to the atmosphere. Furthermore, elevated DGM concentrations were observed in water that might have originated from river discharge. The gas-exchange of mercury between the ocean and the atmosphere was calculated in the open water and both deposition and evasion were observed. The measurements showed significantly enhanced DGM concentrations, compared to more southern latitudes. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Maria L.E. 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between metabolic factors and radiographic knee osteoarthritis in early disease-a cross-sectional study of individuals with knee pain
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Metabolic factors have been shown to be associated to severe radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA). However, more knowledge is needed in early clinical knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The aim was to study associations between metabolic factors and radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in individuals with knee pain. A second aim was to study associations between metabolic factors and RKOA in those with normal BMI and in those overweight/obese, respectively. Method This cross-sectional study included 282 individuals with knee pain (without cruciate ligament injury) and aged 30-67 years, and 70% women. Waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), proportion of fat and visceral fat area (VFA) were assessed. RKOA was defined as Ahlback grade 1 in at least one knee. Fasting blood samples were taken and triglycerides, cholesterol (total, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL)), C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, HbA1C were analysed. Metabolic syndrome was defined in accordance with the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Associations were analysed by logistic regression. Results Individuals with RKOA were older, had higher BMI, higher VFA, larger waist circumference and had increased total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, but not fasting glucose. There was no difference between the group with RKOA vs. non-radiographic group regarding the presence of metabolic syndrome. In a subgroup analysis of individuals with normal BMI (n = 126), those with RKOA had higher VFA, more central obesity, higher levels of CRP and total cholesterol, compared with individuals without RKOA. In individuals with obesity, age was the only outcome associated to RKOA. Conclusion There were clear associations between metabolic factors and RKOA in individuals with knee pain, also in those with normal BMI. In individuals with obesity age was the only variable associated to RKOA.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Maria L.E., et al.
(författare)
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Cohort profile: the Halland osteoarthritis (HALLOA) cohort-from knee pain to osteoarthritis: a longitudinal observational study in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - London : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The overall objective in this study is to investigate the early development of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its association with hand or/and knee OA, metabolic diseases, biomarkers, chronic pain, physical function and daily physical activity types. Participants The Halland osteoarthritis (HALLOA) cohort is a longitudinal cohort study that includes individuals with knee pain in the southwest of Sweden. Enrolment took place from 2017 to 2019. The inclusion criteria were current knee pain, with no former known radiographic knee OA and no cruciate ligament rupture or rheumatological disorder. The participants were recruited: (1) when seeking care for knee pain in primary healthcare or (2) by advertisements in local newspapers. There are 306 individuals included in the study, mean age (SD) 51.7 (8.7) years and 69% are women. The baseline and follow-ups include clinical tests, radiographical examinations, blood samples, metabolic measures, pain pressure thresholds, tests of physical functions, daily physical activity types and patient-reported outcomes. Findings to date There were associations between metabolic factors and radiographic knee OA, even in those with normal body mass index at baseline. In addition, clinical hand OA was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose. We also found that modifiable factors as increased visceral fat and total body fat were associated with increased pain sensitivity among individuals with knee pain. Future plans By studying possible pathophysiological mechanisms of OA over time, we aim to provide new insights on OA progression, identify usable preventive measures helping the clinicians in the management of the disease and improve health for the patients. It is also important to study the development of chronic pain in OA, to get tools to identify individuals at risk and to be able to offer them treatment.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Maria L.E. 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic factors associated to clinical hand osteoarthritis in individuals with knee pain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 79:Suppl. 1, s. 1734-1734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is some evidence supporting associations between metabolic factors, clinical hand osteoarthritis (OA) and radiographic knee OA. However, more studies are needed regarding early knee OA.Objectives: The aim was to study associations between metabolic factors and clinical hand OA at baseline in a cohort of individuals with knee pain, with and without radiographic knee OA.Methods: In an ongoing five-year longitudinal study of knee pain, hand OA was assessed by clinical examinations in 296 of the included individuals at baseline [1]. BMI, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure was measured. Body composition was assessed with Inbody 770. Fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-and LDL-cholesterol and HbA1c was analysed. Metabolic syndrome (MetS)was present if central obesity (WC ≥94 cm in men and ≥80cm in women) plus any two of the following factors: raised blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mm Hg or treatment of hypertension), raised triglycerides (≥ 1.7 mmol/L or specific treatment), reduced HDL-cholesterol (men < 1.03 mmol/L and women < 1.29 mmol/L or specific treatment), raised glucose (glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L, or type 2 diabetes). Hand strength and self-reported disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (quickDASH) was assessed.The individuals were divided according to having clinical hand OA or not, according to Altman [1]. The associations between background factors and clinical hand OA were calculated by crude logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age and sex.Results: Fifty-five percent of the individuals in the study was overweight or obese, 40% had MetS and 23% had radiographic knee OA. In total 34% of the individuals had clinical hand OA. The group with hand OA were older, had higher proportion of body fat, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C, worse quickDASH score and lower hand strength, table 1. Clinical hand OA was significantly associated to higher age (OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1.07), higher fasting plasma glucose (1.56, 1.05-2.30), worse quickDASH (1.04, 1.02-1.06) and lower hand strength (0.99, 0.99 -0.998), but not to proportion of body fat and HbA1c.Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, the only metabolic factor associated with clinical hand OA was fasting plasma glucose. Contrary to other studies, there were no gender differences found. The association between development of clinical hand OA and metabolic factors in individuals with knee pain need to be further assessed in longitudinal studies.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Maria L.E. 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic Factors Associated to Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis in Individuals with Knee Pain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 79:Suppl. 1, s. 793-793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic factors have been shown to be associated to radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) [1]. More knowledge about associations between metabolic factors and early clinical knee OA is needed.Objectives:The aim was to study associations between metabolic factors and radiographic knee OA in individuals with knee painMethods:In total 272 individuals with radiographs at baseline, from an ongoing longitudinal study of knee pain (without cruciate ligament injury), were included in the present cross-sectional study. At baseline BMI, waist circumference (WC) and visceral fat area (VFA) were assessed. Fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-and LDL-cholesterol were analysed. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was present if central obesity (WC ≥94 cm in men and ≥80cm in women) plus any two of the following factors: raised blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mm Hg or treatment of hypertension), raised triglycerides (≥ 1.7 mmol/L or specific treatment), reduced HDL-cholesterol (men < 1.03 mmol/L and women < 1.29 mmol/L or specific treatment), raised glucose (glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L, or type 2 diabetes).The individuals were divided in two groups according to Ahlbäck [2], one group, who had grade I or more in at least one knee (radiographic knee OA, ROA) n=62 and the other group, not fulfilling Ahlbäck criteria (no radiograhic knee OA, No OA) n=211. The associations between metabolic factors and knee OA were calculated by crude logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age and sex.Results:The group with radiographic knee OA were older, had higher BMI, higher amount of visceral fat and more had central obesity, table 1. Ninety- four percent of the group with ROA had central obesity compared to 76%, p=0.002 in the no OA group. There was no difference between the groups regarding MetS, 44% in the ROA group vs. 39%, p=0.5. The group with ROA had increased cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol. There were no differences in fasting glucose between the groups, though both groups had a mean glucose value in the upper range of normal value, table 1. Factors associated to having radiographic knee OA were age (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.17), BMI (1.07, 1.003-1.13), central obesity (3.91, 1.32-11.61) and raised triglycerides (2.35, 1.03-5.38).Table 1.Baseline descriptivesNo OAMean (sd)ROAMean(sd)p-valueN21162Age50 (9)56 (4)<0.001Sex, women, %66710.454BMI25.9 (4.7)27.7 (4.7)0.007VFA (cm2)109 (53)126 (52)0.026WC, cm94 (13)99 (13)0.006Raised Blood pressure, %66530.063Cholesterol (mmol/L)5.2 (1.0)5.5 (1.1)0.033Triglycerides (mmol/L)1.0 (0.6)1.2 (0.7)0.035Raised triglycerides, %9210.008LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)3.4 (1.0)3.7 (1.1)0.027HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)1.7 (0.4)1.7 (0.5)0.547Reduced HDL11150.460Glucose (mmol/L)5.5 (0.9)5.5 (0.5)0.858Conclusion:There were associations between some metabolic factors and radiographic knee OA in individuals with knee pain. Fasting glucose was increased in both groups. The associations between metabolic risk factors and the development of knee OA needs to be assessed in longitudinal studies.References:[1]Sellam J, Bone Spine 2013;80:568-73.[2]Ahlback S,. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) 1968Suppl 277:7-72.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Maria, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal and daily variation of mercury evasion at coastal and off shore sites from the Mediterranean Sea
- 2007
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Ingår i: Marine Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4203. ; 104:3-4, s. 214-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) was measured continuously using two newly developed techniques and a manual technique. The continuous techniques were based on the equilibrium between the aqueous and gaseous phase (DGM = Hg-extr / H', Hg-extr is the measured mercury concentration in the gas phase, H' is the Henry's Law coefficient at the desired temperature). In order to calculate the annual mercury evasion from the Mediterranean Sea, diurnal and seasonal measurements of DGM, total gaseous mercury in air (TGM), water temperature and wind speed were performed. During August 2003, March-April 2004 and October-November 2004 measurements of these parameters were conducted on board the RV Urania. The continuous measurements of DGM showed a diurnal variation in concentration, at both coastal and off shore sites, with higher concentrations during daytime than nighttime. The concentration difference could be as large as 130 fM between day and night. The degree of saturation was calculated directly from the measurements, S = Hg-extr / TGM and was found to vary between the different seasons. The highest average degree of saturation (850%) and the largest variation in saturation (600-1150%) was observed during the summer. The spring showed the lowest variation (260-360%) and the lowest average degree of saturation (320%). The autumn also showed a large variation in saturation (500-1070%) but a lower average (740%) compared to the summer cruise. This might be explained by the temperature difference between the different seasons, since that parameter varied the most. The flux from the sea surface was calculated using the gas exchange model developed by Nightingale et al. [Nightingale, P.D., Malin, G., Law, C.S., Watson, A.J., Liss, P. S., Liddicoat, M.I., Boutin, J., Upstill-Goddard, R. C., 2000. In situ evaluation of air-sea gas exchange parameterization using novel conservative and volatile tracers. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14(l):373-387]. The evasion varied between the different seasons with the highest evasion during the autumn, 24.6 pmol m(-2) h(-1). The summer value was estimated to 22.3 pmol m(-2) h(-1) and the spring to 7.6 pmol m(-2) h(-1). Using this data the yearly evasion from the Mediterranean Sea surface was estimated to 77 tons. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Maria, 1980
(författare)
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Transport of Mercury Species in the Environment. Exchange between Oceanic Waters and the Atmosphere
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mercury is an element present in the earth crust as well as a component in the atmosphere. During centuries mercury has been released by natural sources, e.g. volcanic eruptions, evasion from water surfaces and degassing from soil. However, during the industrial revolution the anthropogenic emissions of mercury increased drastically. Today, mercury is considered to be a global pollutant, affecting our environment and living species. Monitoring of some airborne mercury species has been carried out for several years and the understanding of the cycling of mercury has increased. However, the mercury species in the oceans are more challenging to investigate and the available data is limited. In this thesis measurement of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) in surface waters and calculations of gas-exchange between the oceanic surface and the atmosphere are presented. The investigations have been conducted at several locations in the northern hemisphere i.e. the Mediterranean Sea, the North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. These measurements contribute to increase the understanding of transport of volatile mercury, which is an important part of the overall assessment of the biogeochemical cycle of mercury. In order to perform gas-exchange estimations of volatile mercury, knowledge of the DGM concentration in water, total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentration in air, wind speed, water temperature and the Henry’s Law constant (kH’) are needed. TGM, wind speed and water temperature can be measured continuously and at high time resolution. However, for DGM measurements no such system has earlier been available, therefore a continuous system for high time resolution DGM measurements was developed during this work. The values for the kH’ were not in agreement in previously published investigations, thus a re-determination of the constant was needed and is presented in this thesis. Several expeditions were undertaken at the Mediterranean Sea to conduct measurements. Using data from these expeditions an annual evasion of 77 ton was estimated. Results from the expedition carried out in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans show that the concentrations of DGM are up to 10 times higher in the Arctic Ocean than in the North Atlantic Ocean. This finding suggests that mercury is accumulated in the Arctic Ocean. Furthermore, the measurements from the Arctic Ocean indicate that the sea ice may act as a barrier and prevent volatile mercury from evading from the sea surface.
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Larmar och gör sig till (inledningskapitel)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Larmar och gör sig till. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet. - 0284-4788. - 9789189673397 ; , s. 11-35
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
- Andersson Vogel, Maria, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Blurring the Lines Between Victimhood and Responsibilization? Sex as Behavioral Problems in Court Decisions on Compulsory Care of Young People
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Feminist Criminology. - 1557-0851 .- 1557-086X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formal social control of girls has historically focused on disciplining their sexual behavior, and studies show this is still present. This article analyses how authorities describe and give meaning to young people’s sexual behavior when assessing their need of compulsory care. The results show that in the few cases when boys’ sexual behavior is highlighted, it concerns sexual delinquency. The assessments of girls’ sexual behavior largely regards situations where they are exposed to others’ sexual transgressions, risking to victim-blame girls. This is discussed in relation to gendered understandings of sexual behavior and supposed gaps in legislation.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Andersson Vogel, Maria, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Good idea, bad prerequisite, zero result - the meaning of context in implementing aftercare for young people in secure unit care
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Children's Services. - 1746-6660 .- 2042-8677. ; 9:3, s. 248-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose– The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to report results from a quasi-experimental study of outcomes of a leaving care project for youth placed in secure unit care and second, based on the (zero) results, to analyse and discuss the interplay between organisational boundaries, social work and the target group when implementing a project such as the one studied.Design/methodology/approach– The outcome study had a quasi-experimental design. The young people in the leaving care programme were compared with a matched reference group who did not get the special leaving care services. Data were collected (structured Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis-interviews) when the young people entered secure units and on follow-up (registered crime and re-entry into care).Findings– The outcome study showed that the leaving care project had no effect on the young people's situation at follow-up regarding re-offending and re-entry into secure unit care. This is understood and discussed in relation to the poor implementation of the leaving care project along with an inbuilt conflict between state and local municipality that overshadowed the good intentions of the project.Research limitations/implications– The effect study has a quasi-experimental design, and hence differences between the project group and the comparison group at T1 cannot be fully precluded, although nothing is pointing in such a direction. The unclear content of the intervention makes it difficult to decode how the variation in the support given to the young people eventually impacted the results. The zero-results apply to group level, but that may not be valid for each and every one in the project.Practical implications– According to earlier research, a key person following young persons through different phases of the care trajectory may be of importance. Learning from the CoC project, one can conclude that such a key person should preferably take the role of advocate for the young person, and not be an administrator mainly concerned with coordinating other professionals. Further, when planning and financing is split between organisations, that split hinders efforts to actually mobilise support for young people leaving secure unit care.Originality/value– Few leaving care services are designed for youth with severe behavioural problems and hence, the research is scarce. This study contributes with important knowledge about leaving care interventions for the target group.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Andersson Vogel, Maria, 1980-
(författare)
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Särskilda ungdomshem och vårdkedjor : Om ungdomar, kön, klass och etnicitet
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis follows a group of youths placed in secure unit care who have participated in a chain-of-care project aiming to better plan their discharge and aftercare. The overall aim of the thesis is to link a detailed description of these young people with an analysis of the project they participated in, and to undertake one- and two-year follow-up studies. Analytic focus is on the significance of gender, class and ethnicity. The study is mainly based on structured interviews performed at the secure units upon entry into care, discharge and at a one-year follow up. Data have also been used from criminal records and interviews with project staff.When entering care, these youths exhibited extensive problems in both family conditions and own behaviour. The major problem in boys was criminality while girls reported poor mental health. Professionals judge youth of foreign background as more criminal than youth of Swedish background despite a lack of difference in self-reported data. Some difference is also noticeable regarding class.Analysis of the project shows that out-of-home care was the most frequent intervention after leaving secure unit care, while other interventions were difficult to uphold over time. Few girls received help with their mental health problems. At the one-year follow up, the youths reported an overall better situation, although extensive problems still remained. Above all, girls’ mental health problems remained as before. At the 2-year follow up the study group was compared with a control group in order to investigate effects of the project regarding criminality and recommitment to secure unit care. The comparison shows that the project had no effect. This is discussed in relation to poor organization and the difficulty of adjusting a project like this to the target group, along with the substantial part played by gender, class and ethnicity in how the youth are construed and treated.
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| 29. |
- Billingsley, Sunnee, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 mortality across occupations and secondary risks for elderly individuals in the household : A population register-based study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 48:1, s. 52-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives This is the first population-level study to examine inequalities in COVID-19 mortality according to working-age individuals' occupations and the indirect occupational effects on COVID-19 mortality of older individuals who live with them.Methods We used early-release data for the entire population of Sweden of all recorded COVID-19 deaths from 12 March 2020 to 23 February 2021, which we linked to administrative registers and occupational measures. Cox proportional hazard models assessed relative risks of COVID-19 mortality for the working-aged population registered in an occupation in December 2018 and the older population who lived with them.Results Among working aged-adults, taxi/bus drivers had the highest relative risk of COVID-19 mortality: over four times that of skilled workers in IT, economics, or administration when adjusted only for basic demographic characteristics. After adjusting for socioeconomic factors (education, income and country of birth), there are no occupational groups with clearly elevated (statistically significant) COVID-19 mortality. Neither a measure of exposure within occupations nor the share that generally can work from home were related to working-aged adults' risk of COVID-19 mortality. Instead of occupational factors, traditional socioeconomic risk factors best explained variation in COVID-19 mortality. Elderly individuals, however, faced higher COVID-19 mortality risk both when living with a delivery or postal worker or worker(s) in occupations that generally work from home less, even when their socioeconomic factors are taken into account.Conclusions Inequalities in COVID-19 mortality of working-aged adults were mostly based on traditional risk factors and not on occupational divisions or characteristics in Sweden. However, older individuals living with those who likely cannot work from home or work in delivery or postal services were a vulnerable group.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Ekström, Maria, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Towards phonon routing: controlling propagating acoustic waves in the quantum regime
- 2019
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 21:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore routing of propagating phonons in analogy with previous experiments on photons. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in the microwave regime are scattered by a superconducting transmon qubit. The transmon can be tuned on or off resonance with the incident SAW field using an external magnetic field or the Autler-Townes effect, and thus the reflection and transmission of the SAW field can be controlled in time. We observe 80% extinction in the transmission of the low power continuous signal and a 40 ns rise time of the router. The slow propagation speed of SAWs on solid surfaces allows for in-flight manipulations of the propagating phonons. The ability to route short, 100 ns, pulses enables new functionality, for instance to catch an acoustic phonon between two qubits and then release it in a controlled direction.
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| 32. |
- Enell, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Confinement and restrictive measures against young people in the Nordic countries : A comparative analysis of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nordic journal of criminology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2578-983X .- 2578-9821. ; 23:2, s. 174-191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reviews and compares the use of confinement and other restrictive measures against young people under 18 in child welfare and/or the criminal justice systems in Denmark, Sweden, Finland, and Norway. Young people are confined for a variety of reasons, including protection, care, treatment, and punishment. However, confinement of young people is a contested issue because it can beviewed as necessary but also potentially harmful. Comparison of legislation and practices reveals that while there are some similarities in the service provisions for young people, there are also significant disparities among the four countries regarding the organization, function, and frequency of the use of confinement and restrictive measures. While Denmark and Sweden use secure welfare institutions, Finland and Norway apply other restrictive measures. Despite the differences in approaches to confinement in the Nordic countries, the use of confinement is guided by the principle of the child’s best interest, and the child welfare system is the main frame for confinement and intervention. The article discusses these disparate practices from the perspective of children’s rights and identifies new avenues for research and practice.
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| 33. |
- Erlandsson, Malin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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IGF-1R signalling contributes to IL-6 production and T cell dependent inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular basis of disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-2728 .- 0925-4439. ; 1863:9, s. 2158-2170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Signalling through insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is essential for cell survival, but may turn pathogenic in uncontrolled tissue growth in tumours. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the IGF-1R signalling is activated and supports expansion of the inflamed synovia.In the present study, we assess if disruption of IGF-1R signalling resolves arthritis.Clinical associations of IGF-1R expression in leukocytes of the peripheral blood were studied in 84 RA patients. Consequences of the IGF-1R signalling inhibition for arthritis were studied in mBSA immunised Balb/c mice treated with NT157 compound promoting degradation of insulin receptor substrates.In RA patients, high expression of IGF-1R in leukocytes was associated with systemic inflammation as verified by higher expression of NF-kB, serum levels of IL6 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and higher pain perception. Additionally, phosphorylated IGF-1R and STAT3 enriched T cells infiltrate in RA synovia. Treatment with NT157 inhibited the phosphorylation of IGF-1R and STAT3 in synovia, and alleviated arthritis and joint damage in mice. It also reduced expression of IGF-1R and despaired ERK and Akt signalling in spleen T cells. This limited IL-6 production, changed RoRgt/FoxP3 balance and IL17 levels.IGF-1R signalling contributes to T cell dependent inflammation in arthritis. Inhibition of IGF-1R on the level of insulin receptor substrates alleviates arthritis by restricting IL6-dependent formation of Th17 cells and may open for new treatment strategies in RA.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Fransson, Agneta, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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CO2-system development in young sea ice and CO2 gas exchange at the ice/air interface mediated by brine and frost flowers in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of Glaciology. - 0260-3055. ; 56:69, s. 245-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In March and April 2010, we investigated the development of young landfast sea ice in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. We sampled the vertical column, including sea ice, brine, frost flowers and sea water, to determine the CO2 system, nutrients, salinity and bacterial and ice algae production during a 13 day interval of ice growth. Apart from the changes due to salinity and brine rejection, the sea-ice concentrations of total inorganic carbon (C T), total alkalinity (A T), CO2 and carbonate ions (CO3 2–) in melted ice were influenced by dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitates (25–55 μmol kg–1) and played the largest role in the changes to the CO2 system. The C T values were also influenced by CO2 gas flux, bacterial carbon production and primary production, which had a small impact on the C T. The only exception was the uppermost ice layer. In the top 0.05 m of the ice, there was a CO2 loss of ∼20 μmol kg–1 melted ice (1 mmol m–2) from the ice to the atmosphere. Frost flowers on newly formed sea ice were important in promoting ice–air CO2 gas flux, causing a CO2 loss to the atmosphere of 140–800 μmol kg–1 d–1 melted frost flowers (7–40 mmol m–2 d–1).
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| 36. |
- Fu, Michael, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing the Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in the Elderly by Targeting Comorbidities (OPTIMIZE-HFPEF).
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of cardiac failure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8414 .- 1071-9164. ; 22:7, s. 539-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is not fully understood. A recently proposed mechanism for HFPEF is that it is a systemic pro-inflammatory state induced by comorbidities, leading to microvascular endothelial dysfunction and subsequent cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. We hypothesize that targeting comorbidities will improve outcomes in elderly patients with HFPEF. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine whether the combination of systematic screening of patients with HFPEF and optimal management of comorbidities associated with HFPEF improves outcomes.
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| 37. |
- Geijer, Cecilia, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Initiation of the transcriptional response to hyperosmotic shock correlates with the potential for volume recovery.
- 2013
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Ingår i: The FEBS journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-4658 .- 1742-464X. ; 280:16, s. 3854-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The control of activity and localization of transcription factors is critical for appropriate transcriptional responses. In eukaryotes, signal transduction components such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) shuttle into the nucleus to activate transcription. It is not known in detail how different amounts of nuclear MAPK over time affect the transcriptional response. In the present study, we aimed to address this issue by studying the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We employed a conditional osmotic system, which changes the period of the MAPK Hog1 signal independent of the initial stress level. We determined the dynamics of the Hog1 nuclear localization and cell volume by single-cell analysis in well-controlled microfluidics systems and compared the responses with the global transcriptional output of cell populations. We discovered that the onset of the initial transcriptional response correlates with the potential of cells for rapid adaptation; cells that are capable of recovering quickly initiate the transcriptional responses immediately, whereas cells that require longer time to adapt also respond later. This is reflected by Hog1 nuclear localization, Hog1 promoter association and the transcriptional response, but not Hog1 phosphorylation, suggesting that a presently uncharacterized rapid adaptive mechanism precedes the Hog1 nuclear response. Furthermore, we found that the period of Hog1 nuclear residence affects the amplitude of the transcriptional response rather than the spectrum of responsive genes.
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| 38. |
- Granfors, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Biogenic halocarbons in young Arctic sea ice and frost flowers
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Marine Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4203. ; 155, s. 124-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fate of halocarbons, naturally produced volatile halogenated organic compounds, in young Arctic sea ice was studied to better understand the role of sea ice in halocarbon cycling. In early spring, halocarbons were measured in sea ice frozen in core holes, during 12 days of formation and freezing. In order to understand which factors govern halocarbon concentration and distribution, salinity, temperature and biological parameters were monitored in the growing sea ice. It was found that sea ice participates in the cycling of halocarbons between sea and air. Sea ice concentrations and distributions of these compounds were influenced by production in the ice, where ice-inhabiting microorganisms caused local increases in halocarbon concentrations. Moreover, the halocarbon ice concentration decrease/change with time did not follow ice salinity, suggesting that additional removal processes caused sea ice to be a source of halogens to overlying air. The net production rate of bromoform in the surface of newly frozen ice was estimated to 14 pmol L−1 d−1 and the maximum removal rate was 18 pmol L−1 d−1. In addition frost flowers on newly formed sea ice were identified as contributors of halocarbons to the atmosphere with halocarbon concentrations in the same order of magnitude as in sea ice brine
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| 39. |
- Haglund, Emma, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic joint stability measured as gait symmetry in people with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London, UK : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 78:Suppl. 2, s. -1458
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Modern strategies for knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment and prevention includes early detection and analyses about pain, gait and lower extremity muscle function including both strength and stability. The very first sign of knee OA is pain or perceived knee instability, often experienced during weight bearing activities e.g. walking. Increased muscle strength will provide dynamic joint stability, reduce pain, and disability. Specific measures of gait symmetry (GS) can be assessed objectively by using accelerometers, which potentially is a feasible method when evaluating early symptoms of symptomatic knee OA.Objectives: The aim was to study if symptoms of early knee pain affected gait symmetry, and the association between lower extremity muscles function and gait symmetry in patients with symptomatic knee OA.Methods: Thirty-five participants (mean age 52 SD 9 years, 66% women) with uni- or bilateral symptomatic knee OA, and without signs of an inflammatory rheumatic disease or knee trauma were included. Pain was assessed by a numeric rating scale (NRS, range 0-10 best to worse), tests of lower extremity muscle function with the maximum number of one leg rises. Dynamic stability was measured as GS by using wearable inertial sensors (PXNordic senseneering platform), during the 6 min walking test to obtain spatio-temporal gait parameters. GS was computed based on stride time (temporal symmetry, TS) and stride length (spatial symmetry, SS). Stride length was normalized by height. Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used for analyses.Results: Reports of knee pain did not differ between gender (women 4.7, SD 2.4 vs. men 3.9, SD 2.4, p= 0.362), neither did one leg rises or gait symmetry. Participants who reported unilateral knee pain (left/right side n=9/13), had a shorter stride length on the painful side. The mean difference in stride length was 0.7% of the subject’s height (SD 1.3). Participants with unilateral pain also presented less SS gait than those who reported bilateral pain (p=0.005). The higher number of one-leg rises performed, the better TS was observed. We found a significant relationship between TS and one-leg rise for the right r s =-0.39, p=0.006, and left r s =-0.40, p=0.004 left side). No significant relationship was observed between SS and one-leg rises.Conclusion: Our results is in line with earlier findings stating that knee pain affects GS negatively and that lower extremity muscle function is an important feature for symmetry and dynamic joint stability in patients with symptomatic knee OA. We also found that pain in one leg was related to impaired GS. Bilateral knee pain was however more symmetrical and will need healthy controls for comparison to better understand the negative impact of symptomatic knee OA.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Hanrieder, Jörg, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is associated with regional increase of striatal dynorphin peptides as elucidated by imaging mass spectrometry.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP. - 1535-9484 .- 1535-9476. ; 10:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opioid peptides are involved in various pathophysiological processes, including algesia, epilepsy, and drug dependence. A strong association between L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) and elevated prodynorphin mRNA levels has been established in both patients and in animal models of Parkinson's disease, but to date the endogenous prodynorphin peptide products have not been determined. Here, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was used for characterization, localization, and relative quantification of striatal neuropeptides in a rat model of LID in Parkinson's disease. MALDI IMS has the unique advantage of high sensitivity and high molecular specificity, allowing comprehensive detection of multiple molecular species in a single tissue section. Indeed, several dynorphins and enkephalins could be detected in the present study, including dynorphin A(1-8), dynorphin B, α-neoendorphin, MetEnkRF, MetEnkRGL, PEnk (198-209, 219-229). IMS analysis revealed elevated levels of dynorphin B, α-neoendorphin, substance P, and PEnk (220-229) in the dorsolateral striatum of high-dyskinetic animals compared with low-dyskinetic and lesion-only control rats. Furthermore, the peak-intensities of the prodynorphin derived peptides, dynorphin B and α-neoendorphin, were strongly and positively correlated with LID severity. Interestingly, these LID associated dynorphin peptides are not those with high affinity to κ opioid receptors, but are known to bind and activate also μ- and Δ-opioid receptors. In addition, the peak intensities of a novel endogenous metabolite of α-neoendorphin lacking the N-terminal tyrosine correlated positively with dyskinesia severity. MALDI IMS of striatal sections from Pdyn knockout mice verified the identity of fully processed dynorphin peptides and the presence of endogenous des-tyrosine α-neoendorphin. Des-tyrosine dynorphins display reduced opioid receptor binding and this points to possible novel nonopioid receptor mediated changes in the striatum of dyskinetic rats. Because des-tyrosine dynorphins can only be detected by mass spectrometry, as no antibodies are available, these findings highlight the importance of MALDI IMS analysis for the study of molecular dynamics in neurological diseases.
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| 42. |
- Hedman-Lagerlöf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Approach as a key for success : Reduced avoidance behaviour mediates the effect of exposure therapy for fibromyalgia
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent chronic pain disorder associated with large suffering and substantial societal costs. Pain-related avoidance behaviour and hypervigilance to bodily symptoms are common in FM and contribute in maintaining and exacerbating the disorder. Exposure therapy targeting avoidance behaviours and hypervigilance has shown promise in the treatment of FM. The present study investigated mediators of treatment outcome in exposure therapy for FM. We used data from a randomised trial, where 140 participants were allocated to 10-week Internet-delivered exposure therapy or to a waiting-list control condition. The main outcome variable (FM symptoms) and the hypothesized mediators (FM-related avoidance behaviour, mindful non-reactivity and FM-related worry) were measured weekly throughout treatment. Mediation analyses were conducted using linear mixed effects models with bootstrap replication and time-lagged analysis. Results indicated that all three process variables were significant mediators of FM severity. However, in the time-lagged analyses, only FM-related avoidance behaviour displayed a unidirectional relationship over time with FM symptoms, suggesting a causal effect. Thus, results illustrate that changes in avoidance behaviour mediate the outcome of exposure on FM symptoms, which implies that avoidance behaviour is an important treatment target in exposure therapy.
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| 43. |
- Hedman-Lagerlöf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Utility of Internet-Delivered Exposure Therapy for Fibromyalgia : Results From a Randomized, Controlled Trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Pain. - : Elsevier. - 1526-5900 .- 1528-8447. ; 20:1, s. 47-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent and debilitating chronic pain disorder associated with a substantial economic burden. Although there are several studies investigating the effectiveness of psychological treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for FM, studies on cost-effectiveness are scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of Internet-delivered exposure therapy (iExp) for FM. We used health economic data from a recently conducted randomized, controlled trial, where 140 participants were randomized to either iExp or a waitlist control (WLC) condition. Economic data were collected at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at the 1-year follow-up. Treatment effectiveness in relation to costs were analyzed using both a societal perspective (including all direct and indirect costs) and a health care unit perspective (including only the direct treatment costs). Bootstrapped net benefit regression analyses were also conducted, comparing the difference in costs and effects between iExp and WLC, within different willingness-to-pay scenarios. Results showed that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was -$15,295, indicating that iExp was highly cost-effective as each successfully treated case (treatment responder) was associated with a substantial net reduction in costs. The robustness of the results was tested in 2 different sensitivity analyses, where iExp remained cost-effective, even in a willingness-to-pay-scenario of $0. We conclude that iExp is a cost-effective treatment that generates large societal cost savings.PERSPECTIVE: Health-economic evaluations of psychological interventions for FM are scarce. This study is a cost-effectiveness analysis of Internet-delivered exposure therapy for patients with FM. Results showed that iExp was highly cost-effective compared with no treatment, where each successfully treated case generated a substantial societal cost saving.
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| 44. |
- Hedman-Lagerlöf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-Delivered Exposure Therapy for Fibromyalgia : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Clinical Journal of Pain. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0749-8047 .- 1536-5409. ; 34:6, s. 532-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common and disabling chronic pain disorder, for which existing pharmacological and psychological treatments have yet yielded insufficient effects. Previous literature has shown that exposure therapy may be an effective treatment for chronic pain. This study constitutes the first randomized controlled trial evaluating exposure therapy for FM.Methods: A total of 140 participants with diagnosed FM were randomized to a 10-week Internet-delivered exposure treatment (iExp; n=70) or a waitlist control condition (WLC; n=70). Primary outcome measure were FM symptoms and impact, and secondary outcome measures were fatigue, disability, quality of life, pain-related distress and avoidance behaviors, insomnia, depression, and anxiety.Results: Data retention was high (100% data completion at posttreatment for primary outcome, 96% at 6-month follow-up and 94% at 12-month follow-up). Results showed that participants in the iExp group made large and superior improvements compared with WLC on FM symptoms and impact (B, ?1.93; z, ?10.14; P<0.001, betweengroup Cohen d=0.90), as well as all secondary outcomes (betweengroup Cohen d ranging from 0.44 to 1.38) with sustained results.Conclusions: We conclude that iExp seems to be an efficacious treatment for FM compared with no treatment, and the results also highlight the potential increase of accessibility by using the Internet format to deliver psychological treatments for these patients. Future trials with active control conditions are warranted.
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| 45. |
- Hedman‐Lagerlöf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Effect moderators in internet‐based exposure therapy for fibromyalgia : The role of pain intensity
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 27:4, s. 507-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A recent randomized controlled trial (N=140) was indicative of large and sustained average improvements of internet-based exposure for fibromyalgia, as compared to a waitlist. However, little is known about who benefits the most from this treatment.Objectives: To test for potential moderating effects of age, educational attainment, the duration of fibromyalgia, baseline overall fibromyalgia severity, pain intensity, fibromyalgia-related avoidance behavior, and symptom preoccupation on the waitlist-controlled effect of 10-weeks of internet-based exposure for fibromyalgia.Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02638636). We used linear mixed effects models to determine whether the waitlist-controlled effect of exposure therapy on overall fibromyalgia severity (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire) differed as a function of the potential moderators.Results: Only pain intensity (0-10) was found to be a significant moderator, where a higher baseline pain intensity predicted a more limited waitlist-controlled effect of internet-based exposure (B=3.48, 95% CI: 0.84 – 6.13). Standardized point estimates of effects were small for the sociodemographic variables, and in the moderate range for some clinical variables that did not reach statistical significance such as behavioral avoidance and time with the fibromyalgia diagnosis.Conclusions: Results suggest that internet-based exposure treatment was more useful for participants with lower baseline levels of pain, and less so for participants with higher baseline levels of pain. The treatment had relatively similar effects across the other tested moderators.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Hellesen, Carl, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of fast ions and their interactions with MHD activity using neutron emission spectroscopy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 50:8, s. 084006-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion cyclotron radio frequency (ICRF) heating can produce fast ion populations with energies reaching up to several megaelectronvolts. Here, we present unique measurements of fast ion distributions from an experiment with 3rd harmonic ICRF heating on deuterium beams using neutron emission spectroscopy (NES). From the experiment, very high DD neutron rates were observed, using only modest external heating powers. This was attributed to acceleration of deuterium beam ions to energies up to about 2-3 MeV, where the DD reactivity is on a par with that of the DT reaction. The high neutron rates allowed for observations of changes in the fast deuterium energy distribution on a time scale of 50 ms. Clear correlations were seen between fast deuterium ions in different energy ranges and magnetohydrodynamic activities, such as monster sawteeth and toroidal Alfven eigen modes (TAE). Specifically, NES data showed that the number of deuterons in the region between 1 and 1.5 MeV were decaying significantly during strong TAE activity, while ions with lower energies around 500 keV were not affected. This was attributed to resonances with the TAE modes.
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| 48. |
- Hellesen, Carl, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Neutron emission generated by fast deuterons accelerated with ion cyclotron heating at JET
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 50:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time, the neutron emission from JET plasmas heated with combined deuterium neutral beam injection and third harmonic ion cyclotron radio frequency heating have been studied with neutron emission spectroscopy (NES). Very high DD neutron rates were observed with only modest external heating powers, which was attributed to acceleration of deuterium beam ions to energies of about 2-3 MeV, where the DD reactivity is on a par of that of the DT reaction. Fast deuterium energy distributions were derived from analysis of NES data and confirm acceleration of deuterium beam ions up to energies around 3 MeV, in agreement with theoretical predictions. The high neutron rates allowed for observations of changes in the fast deuterium populations on a time scale of 50 ms. Correlations were seen between fast deuterium ions at different energies and magnetohydrodynamic activities, such as monster sawtooth crashes and toroidal Alfven eigenmodes.
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| 49. |
- Hellesen, Carl, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Neutron spectroscopy measurements and modeling of neutral beam heating fast ion dynamics
- 2010
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 52:8, s. 085013-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy spectrum of the neutron emission from beam-target reactions in fusion plasmas at the Joint European Torus (JET) has been investigated. Different beam energies as well as injection angles were used. Both measurements and simulations of the energy spectrum were done. The measurements were made with the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR. Simulations of the neutron spectrum were based on first-principle calculations of neutral beam deposition profiles and the fast ion slowing down in the plasma using the code NUBEAM, which is a module of the TRANSP package. The shape of the neutron energy spectrum was seen to vary significantly depending on the energy of the beams as well as the injection angle and the deposition profile in the plasma. Cross validations of the measured and modeled neutron energy spectra were made, showing a good agreement for all investigated scenarios.
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| 50. |
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