| 1. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Immunomodulation in surgical practise
- 2006
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Ingår i: HPB. - : Elsevier BV. - 1477-2574 .- 1365-182X. ; 8:2, s. 116-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Immunomodulation may represent a potential way to improve surgical outcome. These types of interventions should be based on detailed knowledge of the underlying mechanisms involved. The aim of the present review is to summarize some experience on the acute phase response, potential ways of intervention and experiences from critical illness and HPB disease. Discussion. Mechanisms of the acute phase response are discussed including the individual parameters and local changes that take part. Mechanisms involved in failure of the gut barrier are presented and include changes in gut barrier permeability, effects on gut-associated immunocompetent cells, and systemic implications. As examples of HPB disease, mechanisms of the acute phase response and potential ways of intervention in obstructive jaundice and acute pancreatitis are discussed. Nutritional pharmacology and lessons learned from immunomodulation and immunonutrition in critical illness and major abdominal surgery, including upper GI and HPB surgery, are referred to. Overall, immunomodulation represents a potential tool to improve results but requires a thorough mapping of underlying mechanisms in order to achieve individualized treatment or prevention based on patients' specific needs.
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| 2. |
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Overview of the JET results
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 55:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Abel, I, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET results with the ITER-like wall
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10, s. 104002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the completion in May 2011 of the shutdown for the installation of the beryllium wall and the tungsten divertor, the first set of JET campaigns have addressed the investigation of the retention properties and the development of operational scenarios with the new plasma-facing materials. The large reduction in the carbon content (more than a factor ten) led to a much lower Z(eff) (1.2-1.4) during L- and H-mode plasmas, and radiation during the burn-through phase of the plasma initiation with the consequence that breakdown failures are almost absent. Gas balance experiments have shown that the fuel retention rate with the new wall is substantially reduced with respect to the C wall. The re-establishment of the baseline H-mode and hybrid scenarios compatible with the new wall has required an optimization of the control of metallic impurity sources and heat loads. Stable type-I ELMy H-mode regimes with H-98,H-y2 close to 1 and beta(N) similar to 1.6 have been achieved using gas injection. ELM frequency is a key factor for the control of the metallic impurity accumulation. Pedestal temperatures tend to be lower with the new wall, leading to reduced confinement, but nitrogen seeding restores high pedestal temperatures and confinement. Compared with the carbon wall, major disruptions with the new wall show a lower radiated power and a slower current quench. The higher heat loads on Be wall plasma-facing components due to lower radiation made the routine use of massive gas injection for disruption mitigation essential.
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| 4. |
- Akbarshahi, Hamid, et al.
(författare)
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Perioperative Nutrition in Elective Gastrointestinal Surgery - Potential for Improvement?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Digestive Surgery. - : S. Karger AG. - 0253-4886 .- 1421-9883. ; 25:3, s. 165-174
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nutritional concern is one of the most important issues to be addressed in the perioperative care given to gastrointestinal patients. Not at least, malnutrition may be detrimental and relate to postoperative morbidity. Perioperative nutritional management, integrated with other modern perioperative care policies, allows the establishment of multimodal strategies with an attempt to optimize the patients' course of disease. The present review evaluates available data regarding pre- and postoperative nutrition, nutritional supplements, including immunonutrition, and their clinical role. It is to be concluded that pre- and postoperative prolonged fasting has no routine role in management. Instead, for example, early postoperative feeding administered perorally or enterally may reduce postoperative complications and length of hospital stay. There are also indications that perioperative immunonutrition may reduce postoperative infectious complications and length of hospital stay, though further studies in this field are needed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical stress response after colorectal resection.
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Surgery. - 0020-8868. ; 98:4, s. 292-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The human body's response to surgery is correlated with the extent of tissue damage. The aim of the present study was to, over time, map out parameters concerning inflammation, metabolism, nutrition, breathing function, muscle strength, and well-being in elective colorectal surgery. Eighteen patients were prospectively included: colon resection (n = 9) and rectum resection/amputation (n = 9). Postoperative interleukin 10 (IL-10) rose more in the rectum surgery group on day 0 (P = 0.007) and day 3 (P = 0.025). Furthermore, significant differences between groups were detected regarding albumin, prealbumin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). For albumin and TIBC, this difference was seen even on day 7. C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-8, glucose, cortisol, insulin, pain, fatigue, nausea, grip strength, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second did not show any differences. No correlation was revealed between measured parameters and postoperative complications. Postoperative levels of IL-10, albumin, prealbumin, and TIBC may be used as determinants of surgical stress after colorectal surgery.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Romanelli, F, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET results
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 51:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the last IAEA Conference JET has been in operation for one year with a programmatic focus on the qualification of ITER operating scenarios, the consolidation of ITER design choices and preparation for plasma operation with the ITER-like wall presently being installed in JET. Good progress has been achieved, including stationary ELMy H-mode operation at 4.5 MA. The high confinement hybrid scenario has been extended to high triangularity, lower ρ*and to pulse lengths comparable to the resistive time. The steady-state scenario has also been extended to lower ρ*and ν*and optimized to simultaneously achieve, under stationary conditions, ITER-like values of all other relevant normalized parameters. A dedicated helium campaign has allowed key aspects of plasma control and H-mode operation for the ITER non-activated phase to be evaluated. Effective sawtooth control by fast ions has been demonstrated with3He minority ICRH, a scenario with negligible minority current drive. Edge localized mode (ELM) control studies using external n = 1 and n = 2 perturbation fields have found a resonance effect in ELM frequency for specific q95values. Complete ELM suppression has, however, not been observed, even with an edge Chirikov parameter larger than 1. Pellet ELM pacing has been demonstrated and the minimum pellet size needed to trigger an ELM has been estimated. For both natural and mitigated ELMs a broadening of the divertor ELM-wetted area with increasing ELM size has been found. In disruption studies with massive gas injection up to 50% of the thermal energy could be radiated before, and 20% during, the thermal quench. Halo currents could be reduced by 60% and, using argon/deuterium and neon/deuterium gas mixtures, runaway electron generation could be avoided. Most objectives of the ITER-like ICRH antenna have been demonstrated; matching with closely packed straps, ELM resilience, scattering matrix arc detection and operation at high power density (6.2 MW m-2) and antenna strap voltages (42 kV). Coupling measurements are in very good agreement with TOPICA modelling. © 2011 IAEA, Vienna.
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| 9. |
- Rydén, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Allergi som subjektiv ohälsa. Rhinitpatientens vardag
- 2007
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Ingår i: Leva med allergi: samhällsvetenskapliga och humanistiska perspektiv. - 9789173311113 - 9173311111 ; , s. 180-200
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I boken diskuteras allergins tillblivelse, hur föräldrar upptäcker och konstaterar att deras barn lider av allergi. Likaså hur man tror sig kunna undvika allergi eller förebygga den. Och vilka platser och miljöer är viktiga för allergikerna, och inte minst: Vad betyder allergisjukdom för den enskilda människan i det dagliga livet? Även omgivningens syn på de allergiska barnet belyses.
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| 10. |
- Rydén, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Disease perception and social behaviour in persistent rhinitis: a comparison between patients with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 59:4, s. 461-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the understanding of the pathophysiology and pharmacology of rhinitis has increased within recent years, few studies have examined the impact of rhinitis on patients’ behaviour. This study compared two forms of chronic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis due to house dust mites (PAR) and perennial non-allergic rhinitis (or so-called vasomotor rhinitis) (VMR) in terms of patients’ perception of their disease and its psychosocial concomitants. Thirty-one patients with PAR and 32 patients with VMR responded to a standard symptom list and were interviewed in-depth regarding their complaints and the impact of rhinitis on their daily life. PAR and VMR patients reported similar somatic and psychosocial complaints. In both disease groups the adverse effects of rhinitis were reported to be substantially limiting, particularly in social contacts, the impact appearing to be more severe in the women. Disease perception and social adjustment appear not to depend appreciably on whether or not an objective diagnosis of rhinitis can be established.
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| 11. |
- Rydén, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Personality: A vulnerability factor in rhinitis?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Psychology, Health & Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-3966 .- 1354-8506. ; 12:3, s. 33-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: Personality traits were assessed in 63 patients with persistent allergic or non-allergic rhinitis with the Karolinska Scales of Personality, developed with the aim of measuring psychobiological vulnerability factors, and were compared with a reference group comprising a random sample of 400 sex- and age-stratified subjects. The patients' personality profile differed slightly - within one standard deviation - but significantly from the reference group on a number of factors together suggestive of a disinhibitory disposition, an inclination to express anxiety through somatic rather than psychological channels, difficulties in maintaining emotional distance to others, and a limited awareness of aggressive affect, a pattern that suggests that they expose themselves to more stimulation than they can process in terms of thought and feelings, generating sustained physiological arousal that may contribute to the development of their intolerance reactions.
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| 12. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 13. |
- Ahlström-Emanuelsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of topical formoterol alone and in combination with budesonide in a pollen season model of allergic rhinitis.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 101:6, s. 1106-1112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: beta(2)-Agonists may exert mast cell stabilizing and anti-plasma exudation effects. White available data suggest no or only marginal effects of beta(2)-agonists on symptoms of allergic rhinitis, little is known about whether these drugs may add to the efficacy of anti-rhinitis drugs. Objective: To examine effects of a beta(2)-agonist, alone and in combination with an intranasal glucocorticosteroid, on symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis. Methods: Patients were examined in a pollen season model. Budesonide 64 mu g, alone and in combination with formoterot 9 mu g, as well as formoterot 9 mu g alone was given in a placebo-controlled and crossover design. After 7 days of treatment, the patients received allergen challenges for 7 days. Symptoms and nasal peak inspiratory flow (PIF) were recorded. Nasal lavages with and without histamine were carried out at the end of each challenge series. These lavages were analysed for tryptase, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and alpha(2)-macroglobutin as indices of mast cell activity, eosinophil activity, and plasma exudation, respectively. Results: Budesonide reduced symptoms of allergic rhinitis and improved nasal PIF in the morning, in the evening as well as post allergen challenge. Formoterol alone did not affect symptoms or nasal PIF and did not affect the efficacy of budesonide. Tryptase, ECP, and alpha(2)-macroglobutin were significantly reduced by budesonide. Formoterol alone did not affect these indices and did not affect the anti-inflammatory effect of budesonide. Conclusion: The present dose of formoterot does not affect symptoms and inflammatory signs of allergic rhinitis and does not add to the efficacy of topical budesonide.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ahlström-Emanuelsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing a model of seasonal allergic rhinitis and demonstrating dose-response to a topical glucocorticosteroid
- 2002
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Ingår i: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. - 1081-1206. ; 89:2, s. 159-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis may vary greatly. Hence, for research purposes, there is a need for disease-like models of allergic rhinitis. In a preliminary study, involving 7 days' challenge with allergen, promising symptom consistency was obtained and dose-response to a glucocorticosteroid could, in part, be demonstrated. Objective: To establish this model of seasonal allergic rhinitis and test the hypothesis that mometasone furoate is more potent than budesonide as an antirhinitis drug. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis received treatment with spray-formulations of placebo, budesonide 64 kg, budesonide 256 mug, and mometasone furoate 200 mug in a double-blind, crossover design. After 3 days' treatment, individualized nasal allergen-challenges were administered daily for 7 days while the treatment continued. Nasal symptoms and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) were recorded. Results: During the last 3 days of allergen challenge without active treatment, consistent around-the-clock symptoms were recorded and recordings during these days were used in the analysis. With few exceptions the active treatments reduced nasal symptoms and improved nasal PIF (P values <0.001 to 0.05). Budesonide caused dose-dependent improvements in evening symptoms, morning nasal PIF, and nasal PIF recorded 10 minutes after allergen-challenge (P values <0.05). Budesonide 256 mug produced greater improvement than mometasone furoate 200 mug for nasal PIF 10 minutes after allergen-challenge (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present allergen challenge method, producing consistent symptoms and nasal PIF data, emerges as a model of seasonal allergic rhinitis well suited for exploring potency and efficacy of drug intervention. The present data do not support the view that mometasone furoate is a more potent antirhinitis drug than budesonide.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Alenmyr, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Mucosal TRPV1 Inhibition in Allergic Rhinitis.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 1742-7843 .- 1742-7835. ; 110, s. 264-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) has been implicated as a mediator of itch in allergic rhinitis. To address this possibility, we synthesized a TRPV1 blocker (SB-705498) for nasal administration in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. The pharmacological activity of SB-705498 was confirmed on human TRPV1-expressing HEK293 cells, using fluorometric calcium imaging, and in patients with allergic rhinitis subjected to nasal capsaicin challenges. The effect of SB-705498 was studied in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis subjected to daily allergen challenges for seven days, using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized and cross-over design. SB-705498 was delivered by nasal lavage 10 min. before each allergen challenge. Primary end-point was total nasal symptom score on days 5 to 7. Nasal peak inspiratory flow and eosinophil cationic protein content in nasal lavages were also monitored. Daily topical applications of SB-705498 at a concentration that inhibited capsaicin-induced nasal symptoms had no effect on total symptom score, nasal peak inspiratory flow and eosinophil cationic protein levels in allergen-challenged patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. The individual symptom nasal itch or sneezes was also not affected. These findings may indicate that TRPV1 is not a key mediator of the symptoms in allergic rhinitis. However, additional studies, using drug formulations with a prolonged duration of action, should be conducted before TRPV1 is ruled out as a drug target in allergic rhinitis.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, C A Morgan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Aging-in-Place: Residents’ Attitudes and Floor Plan Potential in Apartment Buildings From 1990 to 2015
- 2021
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Ingår i: HERD. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-5112 .- 1937-5867. ; 14:4, s. 211-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We investigated apartment designs in apartment blocks built 1990-2015 in Gothenburg, Sweden. We investigated the residents' attitudes toward their previous, present, and future housing and their perceived possibilities for aging-in-place. We analyzed their apartments, focusing on the possibilities for aging-in-place in future care situations concerning bedroom capacity in a care situation; spatial proximity between bathroom, bedroom, storage, and entrance; and functional autonomy in a care situation without too much disturbance for a partner. Background: Since the 2000s, the ambition in Sweden is to enable older people to remain in ordinary housing. The possibilities for aging-in-place should therefore be considered already in the design stage, also when producing standard apartments. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were made with 30 households, with one or more resident 65 years or older. Floor plan analyses were made of their present apartments. Results: The majority displayed a pragmatic attitude toward aging, high satisfaction with their present housing situation, and good chances for aging-in-place in future homecare scenarios. The floor plan analysis shows that the three concepts of bedroom capacity, spatial proximity, and functional autonomy can be used to determine the potential for aging-in-place. Conclusions: The results suggest that architectural qualities related to aging-in-place are not automatically connected to floor size or number of rooms. Small apartments can perform better than larger ones, depending on spatio-functional organization and connections between different functions. The residents' perceived chances for aging-in-place confirm this relation. Future studies should compare different locations, production periods, and relations between size, space efficiency, and accessibility.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, C A Morgan, 1965
(författare)
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Assisted living for the elderly-Features of a swedish model
- 2020
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Ingår i: Architecture for Residential Care and Ageing Communities: Spaces for Dwelling and Healthcare. - New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. : Routledge. ; , s. 131-141
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden, the provision of assisted living (AL) for older people is a municipal responsibility. Most eldercare provision is given directly by the municipalities, but a fast-growing private sector is emerging. Sweden shares the demographic problems related to ageing with other countries but has specific challenges to meet concerning economic, demographic and organizational issues. Like in many other countries, care provision is moving from the hospitals out to the older patients in ordinary and special housing. This necessitates a discussion of what AL should provide and how to address residential aspects, caregiving and service provision in AL, targeting the physical environments. Home aspects in AL must be related to aspects of control, at-homeness and personalization. There are also trends and challenges on different levels, concerning, for example, family structures, existing facilities in use, quality of life and alternative options for housing and care in advanced age. To address the current situation, we need to increase the attractivity of AL, both concerning residential and workplace aspects. We also need to stimulate long-term planning and cooperation in order to update AL schemes, for example, concerning tenure, options and choices in order to have effective, usable and resilient facilities over time.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, C A Morgan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Bygglov Göteborg 2017.
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I boken finns samlat beviljade bygglov för flerbostadshus i Göteborg 2017. Författarna analyserar i boken projekten och delat in dem i typer, antal och storlekar. Här beskrivs också tendenser som identifierats i byggloven, exempelvis nya kökstyper som korridorköket och entréköket. Men även planlösningsproblematik med lägenheter där alla sovrum vetter ut mot loftgång och lägenheter med stor andel kommunikationsyta. Boken lyfter också fram de goda exemplen, föredömen, som finns i materialet. Syftet med sammanställningen är att initiera en diskussion om vad som byggs, vilka lägenhetsstorlekar, vilka typer, var i staden nya bostäder byggs, vem som bygger, vilka arkitekter som ritar och vilka arkitekturkvaliteter som framgår av planlösningarna.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, C A Morgan, 1965
(författare)
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Normative and relational aspects of architectural space
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nord, C., and Högström, E. (eds.) Caring Architecture: Institutions and Relational Practices. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 127-142. - 9781443898966 ; , s. 127-142
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Andersson, C A Morgan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Potential för kvarboende
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bra bostäder för seniorer. - 9789179171537 ; , s. 95-100
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten sammanfattar en bostadsstudie som genomförts 2017–2020 på Norra Älvstranden i Göteborg. Syftet med projektet har varit att undersöka möjligheterna till kvarboende för äldre personer 65+ i lägenheter byggda cirka 1990–2015. Studiens huvudfråga har varit: – vad krävs av en bostad i ett flerbostadshus för att det ska finnas möjlighet till kvarboende för äldre personer med stora behov av vård och omsorg. Forskningsfrågan är ställd mot bakgrund av utvecklingen av svensk bostadspolitik. Där framgår att bostäder byggda under 2010-talet minskar i storlek, areamässigt. Parallellt finns ambitioner inom vårdsektorn om ökat kvarboende och att bedriva mer vård i hemmet. Möjligheten att göra det är en viktig del i att minska belastningen på sjukhus och vårdcentraler. För att fånga begreppet kvarboende och hushållens attityder har forskargruppen gjort 30 intervjuer med boende i deras hem, som tillsammans med en enkät ger en bra bild över hur bostäderna används.
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| 23. |
- Andersson, C A Morgan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Potential för kvarboende. Sovrumskapacitet - rumslig närhet - funktionell autonomi
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten sammanfattar en bostadsstudie som genomfördes 2017–2020 på Norra Älvstranden i Göteborg. Syftet med projektet har varit att undersöka möjligheterna till kvarboende för äldre personer i lägenheter byggda 1990–2015. Vad krävs av en bostad i ett flerbostadshus för att det ska finnas möjlighet till kvarboende för äldre personer med stora behov av vård och omsorg? Studiens huvudfråga är ställd mot bakgrund av utvecklingen inom svensk bostadspolitik, där bostäder byggda under 2010-talet har minskat i storlek, areamässigt. Parallellt har vårdsektorn ambitioner att bedriva mer vård i hemmet. Möjligheten att göra det är en viktig del i att minska belastningen på sjukhus och vårdcentraler. För att fånga begreppet kvarboende och hushållens attityder har forskargruppen gjort intervjuer med boende i deras hem, och tillsammans med en enkät ger det en bra bild över hur bostäderna används. Resultatet ringar in tre begrepp som är viktiga för att definiera en planlösnings potential för kvarboende: Sovrumskapacitet. Här avses tillräcklig rumslig storlek i en vårdsituation för att bedriva vård. Det krävs en fri golvyta på 300 x 310 centimeter. Rumslig närhet mellan entré, sovrum, badrum och förvaring. Rumsorganisatoriskt innebär detta att ett av sovrummen bör ligga i anslutning till entrén, med de övriga funktioner inom sex meters gångavstånd från varandra. Funktionell autonomi. Det är en vanlig situation att en person i ett parhushåll har vårdbehov, medan den andra är frisk. Det är en stor fördel om inte hela bostaden berörs av en vårdsituation. Förbindelsen mellan entré, sovrum, badrum och förvaring bör inte gå genom lägenhetens sociala rum (kök och vardagsrum). Det är också bra om det i större lägenheter finns minst ett sovrum som inte berörs av vårdsituationen. Med de tre begreppen kan kvarboendepotentialen i en planlösning beräknas och bli en tydlig faktor i diskussionen om utformningen av framtida bostäder i Sverige.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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A Study of Demand-Driven Documentation in Two Open Source Projects
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). - 9781479973675 ; , s. 5271-5279
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how demand-driven documentation is used by open source projects. Our study relies on questions and answers (i.e., demand-driven documentation) posted to Stack Overflow and focuses on two projects: Apache POI and Fennec (Firefox for Android). We find that the demand-driven documentation provided by respective community is of good quality and contributions are made within an acceptable amount of time. We conclude that demand-driven documentation can be suitable as a primary information source if other resources accompany it, e.g., websites. However, the suitability is closely related to size and activity of the project's community. We also investigate whether the type of project (e.g., API, application, product, etc.) matters, and find that given the nature of a forum, projects where the intended users are developers have larger and more active communities and are thus better suited for demand-driven documentation.
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic Rule Derivation for Adaptive Architectures
- 2008
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Ingår i: 8th IEEE/IFIP Working Conference on Software Architecture. - : IEEE. - 9780769530925 ; , s. 323-326
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses on-going work in adaptive architectures concerning automatic adaptation rule derivation. Adaptation is rule-action based but deriving rules that meet the adaptation goals are tedious and error prone. We present an approach that uses model-driven derivation and training for automatically deriving adaptation rules, and exemplify this in an environment for scientific computing.
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Profile-Guided Composition
- 2008
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Ingår i: 7th Int. Symposium on Software Composition SC 2008,2008. - Berlin : Springer. ; , s. 157-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an approach that generates context-aware, optimized libraries of algorithms and data structures. The search space contains all combinations of implementation variants of algorithms and data structures including dynamically switching and converting between them. Based on profiling, the best implementation for a certain context is precomputed at deployment time and selected at runtime. In our experiments, the profile-guided composition outperforms the individual variants in almost all cases.
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| 28. |
- Andersson, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Profile-guided Composition
- 2008
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Ingår i: 7th International Symposium on Software Composition. - : Springer. - 9783540787884 ; , s. 157-164
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of Demand-Driven Documentation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 37th Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia. - 9788773498767
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this case study we investigate how demand-driven documentation can be used in open source projects. The study relied on questions and answers (demand-driven documenta- tion) posted on Stack Overflow and studied two open source projects, Apache POI and Firefox for Android, in depth. We found that the demand driven documentation provided by the respec- tive community is in general of good quality and contributed within an acceptable amount of time. We conclude that demand driven documentation can be suitable as a primary information source if other resources accompany it. However, the suitability is closely related to the size and activity of the project’s community.
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Reconfigurable scientific applications on GRID services
- 2005
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Ingår i: Advances in Grid Computing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783540269182 - 9783540320364 ; , s. 813-822
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper proposes a runtime environment for dynamically changing, parallel scientific applications. This kind of applications is motivated by the LOFAR/LOIS project aiming at a multidisciplinary research platform for natural scientists and engineers. The dynamic infrastructure in turn is than mapped to Grid Services environments.
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| 31. |
- Andersson, Morgan, 1965
(författare)
-
Användning och användbarhet i särskilda boendeformer för äldre. Aspekter på användning och användbarhet i boendemiljöer för äldre inom den kommunala äldreomsorgen i Göteborg.
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Assisted living facilities for elderly represents the major costs within the budget for eldercare for municipalities in Sweden. As the municipalities are responsible for public eldercare, which consumes a fifth of the total municipal budget, the consequence of the demographic development within the coming decades will imply major challenges for this sector. It also stresses the importance of creating adequate living conditions for the growing number of frail, elderly people. Political measures are underway and involve new housing concepts for senior citizens and changed conditions for assisted living.This PhD-project is ongoing 2009-2013 and is jointly financed by the City of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology. The City has a great interest in research about assisted living facilities, being responsible for the construction and maintenance, as well as the daily use represented by the eldercare providers. It is therefore crucial to understand the prerequisites for usability in existing facilities, in order to create new and adequate environments. The project is expected to contribute to building programming, eldercare facilities planning and property management in the eldercare sector. This thesis is based upon an observation study in five assisted living facilities in Gothenburg. The results provide partial answers to the question: "How are the environments used and how is the usability affected by the physical environment and by the users’ activities?" The results highlight a number of discrepancies between the actual use and the intended use of the environments and their various functions. It also highlights a number of conflicts in use between different users or groups of users, along with differing purposes for the use of the premises.The thesis points to the complex relationship between use and activity and emphasizes the need for adequate planning concerning eldercare facilities. Particular attention must to be given to the relationship between facilities, staff and elderly and their use of the facilities. From a practical point of view the study shows how changes in use over time can have a negative effect on the daily activities. To develop an understanding of processes evolving in daily use of assisted living facilities, further studies needs to include the users' attitudes in order to better understand the context for activities in the facilities.
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| 32. |
- Andersson, Morgan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES FOR THE OLD – ASPECTS OF USE AND USABILITY
- 2010
-
Ingår i: HaCIRIC 2010, Edinburgh Scotland, PhD Workshop: Better healthcare through better infrastructure. 22 September 2010. Conference proceedings. ; , s. 29-36
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing number of old citizens and fewer working to support them is a reality in Sweden. More knowledge about assisted living facilities is crucial in creating appropriate care environments for the oldest. The study is part of a PhD project that explores use and usability in assisted living facilities for the old in Gothenburg, Sweden. This paper reports upon the observation study conducted November 2009-February 2010 in five facilities in Gothenburg, along with the other methods used in the PhD project. The aim of this study is to observe the daily use and thereby identify factors in the physical environment, affecting usability. Some preliminary findings are accounted for. Semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey are scheduled for 2011-2012. The city of Gothenburg and Chalmers finance the project and are the primary users of the results.
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| 33. |
- Andersson, Morgan, 1965
(författare)
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Assisted Living: Long-term housing solution or short-term care at the end of life?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: 22nd Nordic Congress of Gerontology, Gothenburg, 25-28 May 2014.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research project displays the objectives for AL – residence and care – from the architectural discipline. These dichotomous objectives bring about conflicts in the use of the physical environments. It is suggested that the long-term perspective of residence and home is in conflict with the short-term care perspective. Assisted Living (AL) in Sweden displays great similarities with AL in other countries, although eldercare may be differently organized. The similarities entail a physical structure with subdivision in residential groups of apartments with shared common spaces for communal activities. They also entail an organizational structure with common activities, medical care and front-line staff (FLS) available around the clock. Residents in Swedish AL facilities are increasingly old and more multi-diseased, mainly due to increased efforts in home-based care and services. In order to meet with the changing user requirements the typology of AL has to be discussed both in a national and international context.The research is based on empirical material from observations, interviews and questionnaires in Swedish eldercare and relates to the ongoing discussion on special housing for older people in Sweden and other countries. The results suggest that efforts to create a long-term home-like residential environment are discernible on several levels: in legislation and guidelines, in the organizations and in the local routines. In contrast to these efforts, short-term care aspects tend to dominate as more AL residents become in need of end-of-life (EOL) care. This entails changing user requirements with increased focus on medical measures and more use of supportive technology. Swedish legislation equals AL and ordinary housing, with the exception that AL contains common spaces in addition to the individual apartments. The typological discussion contains issues concerning physical structure; size, number of residents, the design of common spaces and differences between specialized units or groups for people with dementia (SDUs) and ordinary AL.
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| 34. |
- Andersson, Morgan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Att skapa hemkänsla på särskilt boende
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Vårdmiljöns betydelse. - 9789144078113 ; , s. 123-144
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vårdmiljöforskning genomgår en expansiv utveckling och är i fokus inom vård och arkitektur. Denna bok gör något så ovanligt som att omfatta bägge perspektiven i beaktandet av såväl de fysiska som psykosociala aspekterna av vårdmiljön. Den röda tråden genom boken är att se vårdmiljön som en central del i vårdandet och behandlingen, oavsett om det handlar om intensivvårdens högteknologiska miljöer, den psykiatriska slutenvården eller skapandet av hemkänsla inom äldrevårdens särskilda boenden.
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| 35. |
- Andersson, Morgan, et al.
(författare)
-
Barrier-enforcing measures as treatment principle in allergic rhinitis: a systematic review
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Current Medical Research and Opinion. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1473-4877 .- 0300-7995. ; 30:6, s. 1131-1137
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectives Barrier-enforcing measures have been suggested as treatment options for allergic rhinitis. This review identifies and describes the literature on the subject. Methods Relevant publications were searched for in the PubMed database (search entries: 'allergic rhinitis' and 'treatment'). The evaluation comprised condition (seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis), type of intervention, duration of treatment, study design, peer review status or not, number of test subjects, type of allergen exposure, and outcome in terms of effects or not on nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Results Fifteen studies were either identified in the PubMed database search or from the reference lists of identified publications. Seven were placebo-controlled, randomized, and peer-reviewed, and symptom-reducing effects were reported by all of these reports. Limitations of this review reflect that the remainder of the studies had inferior designs, particularly lack of placebo control. Conclusions Barrier-enforcing measures as achieved by nasal administrations of cellulose powder and microemulsions, respectively, have symptom-reducing effects in allergic rhinitis.
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| 36. |
- Andersson, Morgan, 1965
(författare)
-
Common spaces in assisted living for older persons. Aspects of usability from the residential and workplace perspectives.
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about space. It assumes that space forms a necessary part of the structure of existence. The architectural space becomes an existential space in the encounter with the user. Common unit spaces in assisted living (AL) for older persons are the principal venue for social interaction and have no parallel in ordinary housing. The usability of these spaces is discussed here from the residential and workplace perspectives. These perspectives are explored in relation to the concept of AL and involve residents, staff and other stakeholders in buildings in use. Special housing for older people is currently in focus worldwide due to demographic develop-ments, entailing an increasing proportion of older people. Residents in AL are increasingly old and multi-diseased, which changes the conditions for residential care in its present form.Four methods were used, involving 14 AL facilities (ALFs) in Sweden: observations, group interviews, individual interviews and self-completion questionnaires. An explorative strategy was adopted, combining qualitative and quantitative methods to enhance the validity of the results. The results were analysed using statistical analyses, Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) and triangulation.The results show functional demarcations between apartments, dining rooms, sitting rooms and kitchens in a private-public continu¬um, with varying adherence to the respective residential and workplace perspectives. It also shows that these perspectives entail diverging objectives for use of the common spaces. The dining rooms were utilized most by the residents, but the kitchens were not used at all. The daily activities promote a focus on collective aspects above individual needs. The increasing use of assistive technology causes space shortages and suggests a mismatch between the actual users and the users conceptualised at the planning stage, which entails a focus on care aspects at the expense of the residential perspective. It shows that the common spaces are not perceived as a part of the home environment; rather an addition. The dementia and somatic units presented diverging objectives for use, but the physical environ-ments did not differ significantly. The functions of the common spaces were perceived differently among users, planners and architects. This suggests that these spaces have ambiguous meanings in a social context and may lead to ineffective use of the spaces. Along with a complicated body of regulations, this calls for a redefinition of AL. Design strategies are suggested that are more up-to-date with the users’ needs in relation to the usability of the common spaces. The residential and workplace perspectives have to be considered concomitantly when planning ALFs, otherwise inherent conflicts will become manifest as a result of the physical design, which affects usability.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Andersson, Morgan, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of a topical microemulsion in house dust mite allergic rhinitis.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 1742-7843 .- 1742-7835. ; 108:2, s. 146-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously demonstrated that a topical microemulsion can attenuate symptoms and signs of seasonal allergic rhinitis. This likely reflects that the microemulsion interferes with the interaction between the allergen and the mucosa. Whether or not the finding translates to conditions caused by other inhaled agents such as house dust mite allergen is unknown. Patients with perennial allergic rhinitis caused by house dust mite were subjected to topical microemulsion treatment in a randomized, double-blinded and crossover design with isotonic saline as control. Morning symptoms were monitored, change from baseline was assessed and the treatments were compared. On the first days of the isotonic saline and microemulsion runs, before any treatment was given, total nasal symptoms were scored to 2.8 and 3.1 (range 0-9), respectively. Nasal symptoms were reduced by intervention with the microemulsion: the change from baseline was consistent for the microemulsion and the difference between the microemulsion and isotonic saline reached statistical significance in favour of the former. We conclude that intervention with a microemulsion may reduce symptoms of house dust mite allergic rhinitis at natural allergen exposure. Our findings suggest the possibility that topical microemulsions can be a useful option to reduce nasal mucosal exposure to allergen in perennial allergic rhinitis..
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Andersson, Morgan
(författare)
-
Emerging treatments for allergic rhinitis.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1472-8214 .- 1744-7623. ; 8:1, s. 9-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Andersson, Morgan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring the Function and Use of Common Spaces in Assisted Living for Older Persons
- 2014
-
Ingår i: HERD. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-5112 .- 1937-5867. ; 7:3, s. 98-119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This exploratory study examines the function and use of common spaces in assisted living facilities (ALFs) from the residential and workplace perspectives.BACKGROUND: The impact of the physical environment on human activities in healthcare settings has been emphasized in many studies. Few studies, however, have explored the daily use of common spaces and theimpact on the usability of ALFs.METHODS: Four explorative methods–observation, group interviews, individual interviews, and questionnaires—were used to investigate 14 ALFs in Sweden. The study involves residents, staff, relatives, architects, and people responsible for planning and construction of eldercare.This research strategy combines quantitative and qualitative methods to enhance the validity of the results. Method triangulation and data triangulationwere used and the data were analyzed using Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA).RESULTS: The results show that residents and staff have different objectives for use and these differences affect usability, although explicit conflicts are rare. The residents, staff, and other stakeholders have differentviews about the demarcation of home and workplace and the role of common spaces as venues for social interaction.CONCLUSIONS: Both the residential and the workplace perspective must be considered when planning assisted living facilities. Otherwise, inherent conflicts between these perspectives will manifest as a result of thephysical design. Common spaces have diverse functions that are reflected in their spatial organization. Therefore, ALFs should be designed so the intended function of a specific space is apparent to all users.
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| 43. |
- Andersson, Morgan, 1965
(författare)
-
Förväntningar
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Prytz, Joan ed. Rum för God Omvårdnad. - 9789171642820 ; , s. 6-13
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rum för God Omvårdnad fokuserar på utformningen av den fysiska miljön i boende för äldre samt på personalens möjligheter att påverka sin egen arbetssituation vid renovering och anpassning av ett äldreboende.
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| 44. |
- Andersson, Morgan
(författare)
-
Har laxen i Säveån passerat Hedefors? Utredning om huruvida fallet vid Hedefors har utgjort ett naturligt definitivt vandsingshinder
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Säveån hyser höga naturvärden och är till stora delar utpekad som ett så kallat Natura 2000 område. Natura 2000 är EU:s nätverk av värdefulla naturområden. I samband med att Sverige har pekat ut delar av Säveån som ett Natura 2000 område, har vi också åtagit oss ansvaret att bevara den unika laxstammen i Säveån för framtiden. Laxens utbredning i Säveån sträcker sig idag till Hedefors kraftverk i Lerums kommun (bilaga 1). Länsstyrelsens grundinställning och policy är att inte åtgärda så kallade definitiva naturliga vandringshinder. Därför är kärnfrågan i detta projekt om fallet i Hedefors utgör ett artificiellt eller naturligt vandringshinder för laxen?
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| 45. |
- Andersson, Morgan, et al.
(författare)
-
Is it possible to feel at home in a patient room in an intensive care unit? Reflections on environmental aspects in technology dense environments : Is it possible to feel at home in a patient room in an intensive care unit?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nursing Inquiry. - London : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1320-7881 .- 1440-1800.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on the patient’s perspective and the philosophical underpinnings that support what might be considered optimal for the future design of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patient room. It also addresses the question of whether the aspects that support at-homeness are applicable to ICU patient rooms. The concept of ‘at-homeness’ in ICUs is strongly related to privacy and control of space and territory. This study investigates whether the sense of at-homeness can be created in an ICU, when one or more patients share a room. From an interdisciplinary perspective, we critically reflect on various aspects associated with conflicts surrounding the use of ICU patient rooms. Thus, from an architectural and a caring perspective, the significance of space and personal territory in ICU patient rooms is emphasized. Recommendations for further research are suggested. In conclusion, privacy and control are deemed to be essential factors in the stimulation of recovery processes and the promotion of wellbeing in situations involving severe illness or life-threatening conditions.
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| 46. |
- Andersson, Morgan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Is it possible to feel at home in a patient room in an intensive care unit? Reflections on environmental aspects in technology-dense environments
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nursing Inquiry. - : Wiley. - 1440-1800 .- 1320-7881. ; 26:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on the patient's perspective and the philosophical underpinnings that support what might be considered optimal for the future design of the intensive care unit (ICU) patient room. It also addresses the question of whether the aspects that support at-homeness are applicable to ICU patient rooms. The concept of “at-homeness” in ICUs is strongly related to privacy and control of space and territory. This study investigates whether the sense of at-homeness can be created in an ICU, when one or more patients share a room. From an interdisciplinary perspective, we critically reflect on various aspects associated with conflicts surrounding the use of ICU patient rooms. Thus, from an architectural and a caring perspective, the significance of space and personal territory in ICU patient rooms is emphasized. Recommendations for further research are suggested. In conclusion, privacy and control are deemed to be essential factors in the stimulation of recovery processes and the promotion of well-being in situations involving severe illness or life-threatening conditions.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Andersson, Morgan, et al.
(författare)
-
Nasal treatment with a microemulsion reduces allergen challenge-induced symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2251 .- 0001-6489. ; 128:6, s. 666-669
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conclusions. Intranasal microemulsion treatment can attenuate allergen challenge-induced nasal symptoms and plasma exudation in allergic rhinitis. We hypothesize that the mechanism of action involves modification of the allergen-mucosa interaction. The present observation suggests a novel principle for prevention in allergic rhinitis. Objective. To evaluate a specific microemulsion as a treatment for allergic rhinitis in an acute allergen challenge model. Patients and methods. Patients with allergic rhinitis were examined out of the pollen season. Treatment with a single dose of a specific microemulsion was given in a single-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover design using a nasal pool device. Nasal allergen challenges were carried out and symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored. Furthermore, nasal lavages were performed and levels of the plasma protein alpha(2)-macroglobulin were measured as an index of exudative inflammation. Results. The allergen challenges produced significant increases in nasal symptoms (p = 0.007) and in nasal lavage fluid levels of alpha(2)-macroglobulin (p = 0.008). The challenge-induced symptoms as well as the plasma exudation were attenuated by treatment with the microemulsion (p = 0.016 and 0.012, respectively, compared with placebo).
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Andersson, Morgan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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New Swedish forensic psychiatric facilities: visions and outcomes.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Facilities. - : Emerald. - 0263-2772 .- 1758-7131. ; 31:1/2, s. 24-38
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to map significant features of the physical design of nine recently planned facilities for forensic psychiatric care in Sweden. The present paper is focused on differences in the physical design, static security adaptations, visions and goals for the projects, economy and steering processes. Design/methodology/approach – In June 2008, records concerning major forensic psychiatric construction projects, planned or carried out between 1970 and 2008, were requested from all 21 regions in Sweden. The documents were collected, organized, critically examined, and analyzed in their contexts. Extensive data have also been retrieved from the internet. Findings – In spite of the common national legislation governing forensic psychiatric care, the projects show great diversity in the physical design and, after 2006, increasing emphasis on static security. The collected material indicates different visions and goals and little coordination between them. It also suggests that the decisions rarely have been preceded by scientific studies or, as it appears, systematic needs assessments. There were also considerable variations in the interpretation of the legislation stipulating public access to official documentation and the time-frame allowed for such requests. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of the project especially relate to the incompleteness of the documents received. Originality/value – This mainly descriptive paper provides an overview of contemporary Swedish forensic psychiatric construction projects, planned for or realized after 2000. This paper points out structural and physical differences between these projects. The systematised documents are made available for research purposes within different disciplines.
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