| 1. |
- Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Nanosafety Approach Using Cell Painting, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Captures the Cellular and Molecular Phenotypes Induced by the Unintentionally Formed Metal-Based (Nano)Particles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI. - 2073-4409. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial 3D printing uses cutting-edge technologies and materials to produce a variety of complex products. However, the effects of the unintentionally emitted AM (nano)particles (AMPs) on human cells following inhalation, require further investigations. The physicochemical characterization of the AMPs, extracted from the filter of a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) 3D printer of iron-based materials, disclosed their complexity, in terms of size, shape, and chemistry. Cell Painting, a high-content screening (HCS) assay, was used to detect the subtle morphological changes elicited by the AMPs at the single cell resolution. The profiling of the cell morphological phenotypes, disclosed prominent concentration-dependent effects on the cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and the membranous structures of the cell. Furthermore, lipidomics confirmed that the AMPs induced the extensive membrane remodeling in the lung epithelial and macrophage co-culture cell model. To further elucidate the biological mechanisms of action, the targeted metabolomics unveiled several inflammation-related metabolites regulating the cell response to the AMP exposure. Overall, the AMP exposure led to the internalization, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton disruption, mitochondrial activation, membrane remodeling, and metabolic reprogramming of the lung epithelial cells and macrophages. We propose the approach of integrating Cell Painting with metabolomics and lipidomics, as an advanced nanosafety methodology, increasing the ability to capture the cellular and molecular phenotypes and the relevant biological mechanisms to the (nano)particle exposure.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Toxicity with LXR agonists – Problem solving activities for mechanistic understanding
- 2012
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Ingår i: Toxicology Letters. - Shannon : Elsevier. - 0378-4274 .- 1879-3169. ; 211:Suppl. (S), s. S39-S39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several lines of evidence points toward the potential positive effects of LXR (Liver X Receptor) modulators for effective and safe therapy of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). LXR is a dimeric nuclear hormone receptor that exists as a combination of RXR and one of two subtypes LXR alpha or beta, which act as cholesterol sensors. LXR alpha is highly expressed in the liver, intestine and adipose tissue while LXR beta is ubiquitously expressed. Activation of LXR up-regulates several genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), including ABC transporters. This results in increased efflux of cholesterol from macrophages in atherosclerotic vascular lesions to the circulation and further on to other tissues to ultimately be excreted into the faeces. These effects together with systemic and local anti-inflammatory properties of LXR modulation are likely to contribute to decreased atherosclerosis. The positive effects of LXR activation on RCT and cholesterol balance must be obtained without negative lipid effects, since LXR also activates lipogenic genes. Other types of toxicity and approaches to better understand the mechanism(s) behind these will be presented. Copyright © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 3. |
- Kriit, Hedi Katre, et al.
(författare)
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Using Distributed Lag Non-Linear Models to Estimate Exposure Lag-Response Associations between Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term air pollution exposure increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the temporal relationships between exposure and health outcomes. This study aims to estimate the exposure-lag response between air pollution exposure and risk for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke incidence by applying distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs). Annual mean concentrations of particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5 ) and black carbon (BC) were estimated for participants in five Swedish cohorts using dispersion models. Simultaneous estimates of exposure lags 1–10 years using DLNMs were compared with separate year specific (single lag) estimates and estimates for lag 1–5-and 6–10-years using moving average exposure. The DLNM estimated no exposure lag-response between PM2.5 total, BC, and IHD. However, for PM2.5 from local sources, a 20% risk increase per 1 µg/m3 for 1-year lag was estimated. A risk increase for stroke was suggested in relation to lags 2–4-year PM2.5 and BC, and also lags 8–9-years BC. No associations were shown in single lag models. Increased risk estimates for stroke in relation to lag 1–5-and 6–10-years BC moving averages were observed. Estimates generally supported a greater contribution to increased risk from exposure windows closer in time to incident IHD and incident stroke. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson Sommar, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution and black carbon in relation to natural and cause-specific mortality: a multicohort study in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To estimate concentration-response relationships for particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) in relation to mortality in cohorts from three Swedish cities with comparatively low pollutant levels. Setting Cohorts from Gothenburg, Stockholm and Umea, Sweden. Design High-resolution dispersion models were used to estimate annual mean concentrations of PM with aerodynamic diameter <= 10 mu m (PM10) and <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), and BC, at individual addresses during each year of follow-up, 1990-2011. Moving averages were calculated for the time windows 1-5 years (lag1-5) and 6-10 years (lag6-10) preceding the outcome. Cause-specific mortality data were obtained from the national cause of death registry. Cohort-specific HRs were estimated using Cox regression models and then meta-analysed including a random effect of cohort. Participants During the study period, 7 340 cases of natural mortality, 2 755 cases of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and 817 cases of respiratory and lung cancer mortality were observed among in total 68 679 individuals and 689 813 person-years of follow-up. Results Both PM10 (range: 6.3-41.9 mu g/m(3)) and BC (range: 0.2-6.8 mu g/m(3)) were associated with natural mortality showing 17% (95% CI 6% to 31%) and 9% (95% CI 0% to 18%) increased risks per 10 mu g/m(3) and 1 mu g/m(3) of lag1-5 exposure, respectively. For PM2.5 (range: 4.0-22.4 mu g/m(3)), the estimated increase was 13% per 5 mu g/m(3), but less precise (95% CI -9% to 40%). Estimates for CVD mortality appeared higher for both PM10 and PM2.5. No association was observed with respiratory mortality. Conclusion The results support an effect of long-term air pollution on natural mortality and mortality in CVD with high relative risks also at low exposure levels. These findings are relevant for future decisions concerning air quality policies.
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| 5. |
- Stockfelt, Leo, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution, Black Carbon, and Their Source Components in Relation to Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - Durham : National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 127:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but few studies have considered incident disease in relation to PM from different sources.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study associations between long-term exposure to different types of PM and sources, and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in three Swedish cities.METHODS: ), and black carbon (BC) from road wear, traffic exhaust, residential heating, and other sources in Gothenburg, Stockholm, and Umeå. Registry data for participants from four cohorts were used to obtain incidence of IHD and stroke for first hospitalization or death. We constructed time windows of exposure for same-year, 1- to 5-y, and 6- to 10-y averages preceding incidence from annual averages at residential addresses. Risk estimates were based on random effects meta-analyses of cohort-specific Cox proportional hazard models.RESULTS: exposure from residential heating.DISCUSSION: Few consistent associations were observed between different particulate components and IHD or stroke. However, long-term residential exposure to locally emitted BC from traffic exhaust was associated with stroke incidence. The comparatively low exposure levels may have contributed to the paucity of associations.
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| 6. |
- Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Particle Safety Assessment in Additive Manufacturing : From Exposure Risks to Advanced Toxicology Testing.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Toxicology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-3080. ; 4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial three-dimensional (3D) printing drives a new spectrum of design and production possibilities; pushing the boundaries both in the application by production of sophisticated products as well as the development of next-generation materials. AM technologies apply a diversity of feedstocks, including plastic, metallic, and ceramic particle powders with distinct size, shape, and surface chemistry. In addition, powders are often reused, which may change the particles' physicochemical properties and by that alter their toxic potential. The AM production technology commonly relies on a laser or electron beam to selectively melt or sinter particle powders. Large energy input on feedstock powders generates several byproducts, including varying amounts of virgin microparticles, nanoparticles, spatter, and volatile chemicals that are emitted in the working environment; throughout the production and processing phases. The micro and nanoscale size may enable particles to interact with and to cross biological barriers, which could, in turn, give rise to unexpected adverse outcomes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of signaling pathways, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Another important aspect of AM-associated risks is emission/leakage of mono- and oligomers due to polymer breakdown and high temperature transformation of chemicals from polymeric particles, both during production, use, and in vivo, including in target cells. These chemicals are potential inducers of direct toxicity, genotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. Nevertheless, understanding whether AM particle powders and their byproducts may exert adverse effects in humans is largely lacking and urges comprehensive safety assessment across the entire AM lifecycle-spanning from virgin and reused to airborne particles. Therefore, this review will detail: 1) brief overview of the AM feedstock powders, impact of reuse on particle physicochemical properties, main exposure pathways and protective measures in AM industry, 2) role of particle biological identity and key toxicological endpoints in the particle safety assessment, and 3) next-generation toxicology approaches in nanosafety for safety assessment in AM. Altogether, the proposed testing approach will enable a deeper understanding of existing and emerging particle and chemical safety challenges and provide a strategy for the development of cutting-edge methodologies for hazard identification and risk assessment in the AM industry.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Radar Images of Leaks in Building Elements
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 78, s. 1726-1731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through leakage in the building envelope there is a penetration of air, water vapor and particles. The degree of leakage of air can be quantified by existing methods. However, the location of adventitious openings is often not known. In order to overcome the limitations in existing methods, a non-contact and non-destructive method based on ultra-wide bandwidth radar technology is suggested. A test-bed is designed that can measure with different polarization to be able to detect flaws in different directions. Initial measurements shows promising results for further development of the method of using radar images to find leaks in building elements.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Joakim, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Big Data in spare parts supply chains: The potential of using product-in-use data in aftermarket demand planning
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management. - 0960-0035. ; 48:5, s. 524-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to explore and propose how product-in-use data can be used in, and improve the performance of, the demand planning process for automotive aftermarket services. A literature review and a single-case study investigate the underlying reasons for the demand for spare parts by conducting in-depth interviews, observing actual demand-generating activities, and studying the demand planning process. This study identifies the relevant product-in-use data and divides them into five main categories. We have analysed how product-in-use data is best utilised, in planning spare parts with different attributes, e.g. different life-cycle phases and demand frequencies. Furthermore, we identify eight potentially relevant areas of application of product-in-use data in the demand planning process, and elaborate on their performance effects. This study details the understanding of what impact context has on the potential performance effects of using product-in-use data in aftermarket demand planning. Propositions generate several strands for future research. This study shows the potential impact of using product-in-use data, using eight different types of interventions for spare parts, in the aftermarket demand planning. The literature focuses on single applications of product-in-use data, but would benefit from considering the context of application. This study presents interventions and explores how these enable improved demand planning by analysing usage and effects.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Joakim, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Sales and operations execution: An explorative study on potential effects
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Nofoma conference 2020.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Sales and operations planning have a long history in practice and has been researched extensively. It has been proposed that this tactical concept needs to be aligned with a more operational, short-term concept, hence the purpose of this paper is to investigate how sales and operations execution (S&OE) can enhance the performance of a supply chain by analyzing contingency factors regarding design and use. Methodology A multiple-case study approach investigates the potential outcome of implementing a S&OE process in various contexts. Empirical data from several firms in various industries are analyzed according to common and unique factors affecting the potential result. Findings his study identifies critical design for an S&OE process to have a positive outcome in different contexts. Furthermore, relevant data is identified, as well as actors essential for successful usage. Finally, we present, by using knowledge management theory, the importance of integrating S&OE in the planning hierarchy and how the S&OE practice leads to results. Research implications This study details the understanding of how sales and operations execution affects the supply chain performance, given different contextual aspects. Practical implications This study shows the potential impact of implementing S&OE for different types of businesses, as well as giving guiding principles for its design. Original/value S&OE as a concept is today merely described as white papers and consultancy reports. To our best knowledge, this is the first academic study that explores the sales and execution phenomenon in a real-world context.
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| 13. |
- Andersson Järnberg, Linda, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Kommunal bolagisering : ett ständigt aktuellt ämne
- 2024
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Ingår i: Kommunal ekonomi. - : Kommunalekonomernas förening. - 0282-0099 .- 2002-3995. ; :1, s. 41-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Så länge kommuner har funnits har de även haft bolag och ständigt har detta varit ett ämne för debatt, där farhågor för demokratin och konkurrens lyfts. I en nyligen publicerad rapport studerar vi framväxten av kommunala bolag och granskar produktivitetsutvecklingen i dessa, som enligt beslutsfattare är ett av de viktigaste motiven till verksamhet i bolagsform.
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| 14. |
- Andersson Järnberg, Linda, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Kommunala bolag i Sverige : att förstå framväxten av dessa och produktivitetsutvecklingen över tid
- 2023
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Svenska kommuner äger och bedriver sedan länge verksamhet i bolagsform, men står ut i internationell jämförelse genom det stora antalet kommunala bolag och storleken på dessa. Antalet bolag fortsätter dessutom att öka och spelar en viktig roll i kommunsektorns utveckling och de välfärdstjänster som sektorn tillhandahåller. Vad kan förklara denna utveckling? Baserat på data för perioden 2000-2020 finner vi att befolkningststorleken är positivt korrelerad med antalet bolag. Det tenderar alltså att vara så att stora kommuner har fler bolag än små kommuner, men befolkningsstorleken förklarar däremot inte varför bolagen i en genomsnittlig kommun växer i omfång i termer av antal anställda per invånare. Vidare finns det samband som indikerar att de kommunala bolagen i en genomsnittlig kommun blir fler och växer i termer av andel sysselsatta när skatteunderlaget ökar och den lokala arbetslösheten stiger. Vad gäller de strukturella mönstren tycks det existera lokala kluster av geografiskt närliggande kommuner med många kommunala bolag. Detta kan tyda på att kommuner imiterar varandra. När vi studerar produktiviteten i de enskilda bolagen så finner vi att de presterar ungefär lika bra som sina privata motsvarigheter. Produktivitetsutvecklingen i ett genomsnittligt kommunalt bolag skiljer sig i de flesta fall inte från ett privat bolag i samma bransch, med undantag för en bransch där den är lägre och en annan bransch där den är högre.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Linda, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Firm level effects of offshoring of goods and services on relative labor demand
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Based on firm level data for the Swedish manufacturing sector the objective of this paper is to analyze relative labor demand effects due to offshoring. Actual firm-level trade data allow us to distinguish between goods and service offshoring, as well as sourcing country. Overall, our results give no support to the fears that offshoring of goods or services lead to out-location of high-skilled activity in Swedish firms. Rather, this paper finds robust evidence that the aggregate effects from offshoring lead to increasing relative demand of high-skilled labor, mainly due to serviceoffshoring to middle income countries.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Linda, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Firm-level effects of offshoring of materials and services on relative labor demand
- 2016
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Ingår i: Review of World Economics. - : Springer. - 1610-2878 .- 1610-2886. ; 152:2, s. 321-350
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on firm-level data over the period 1997-2002 for the Swedish manufacturing sector the objective of this paper is to analyze relative labor demand effects due to offshoring, separating between materials and services offshoring and also geographical location of trade partner. Overall, our results give no support to the fears that offshoring of materials or services lead to out-location of high-skilled activity in Swedish firms. Rather, this paper finds evidence that the aggregate effects from offshoring lead to increasing relative demand of high-skilled labor, mainly due to services offshoring to middle income countries.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Linda, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Labour Demand, Offshoring and Inshoring : Evidence from Swedish Firm-level Data
- 2017
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 40:2, s. 240-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper was to analyse effects on firm–level relative demand for skilled labour due to imports of intermediates (offshoring) and exports of intermediates (inshoring). The study is based on a data set of Swedish manufacturing firms, 1997–2002, using trade flows in intermediate goods and services, respectively. Descriptive data show that goods inshoring is much larger than goods offshoring, while the reverse is true for services. There is, however, a strong increase in services inshoring over the study period. Controlling for potential endogeneity in offshoring and inshoring, our results indicate that there is a positive effect of services offshoring on the skill composition of workers in Swedish firms, while no such causality can be established from inshoring.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Patrik, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidsbilder för samhällsbyggnad
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Framtidsbilder för samhällsbyggnad 2020De kommande 15 åren står institutionen för Bygg- och miljöteknik inför stora förändringar. Därför har institutionen initierat projektet Framtidsbilder 2020 där man engagerat en framtidspanel bestående av elva yngre disputerade forskare. Arbetet inleddes med ett breddgruppsmöte där 110 personer representerande institutionens personal och studenter deltog. Vid mötet identifierades ett antal trender och osäkra utvecklingar som påverkar framtiden inom samhällsbyggnadsområdet. Deltagarna bidrog också med idéer till en önskvärd utveckling, vilket har sammanställts och utgör grunden till en gemensam önskvärd framtid/vision för institutionen. Materialet från breddgruppsmötet har bearbetats av Framtidspanelen och resulterat i fyra scenarier som beskriver hur samhällsbyggnadsområdet kan se ut år 2020. Syftet med framtidsbilderna är att de ska vara vägledande för institutionens beslut och förhållningssätt under de kommande åren.Fyra scenarierTurning TorsoSamhället präglas av en ekonomi som är på uppgång, och av ett nytänkande och öppet samhälle. Materiell status och individualism är viktigt. Detta leder till en hög arbetsbelastning samt krav på exklusiva varor av hög kvali-tet. Det finns en stor medvetenhet om miljöpåverkan och klimatförändringar och lösningarna för att klara energiförsörjningen är innovativa.Eco-metropolenDet sveper en grön våg genom dagens samhälle. Under de senaste 15 åren har vi insett att jorden skall vara en bebolig plats även åt dem som kommer efter oss. Vi söker ständigt efter nya, mer förfinade metoder att tillvarata de resurser vi har. Samhället och individen är i balans. Ekonomin är god och vi är miljömedvetna, trygga och integrerade. Nytänkande premieras och icke- materialistiska värderingar står högt i kurs. Vi tänker individuellt, men agerar mer än gärna för kollektivets bästa. Utbildning är gratis TrädgårdsstadenEtt samhälle där vi lärt oss hantera stress, men känner oss otrygga och helst umgås i slutna sociala sammanhang. Vi bor enkelt inne i stan, eller gärna på landsbygden nära storstäderna. Minskade behov av högutbildade i samhället gör att vi har svårt att rekrytera studenter till teknikutbildningar. Det traditionella tankesättet leder till kulturkrockar med företag och personer från andra länder.Gated communitiesFörsämrad ekonomi och ökad egoism har lett fram till ett stressat, otryggt och segregerat samhälle. Accelererande klimatförändringar och ökad miljö-påverkan skrämmer oss, men trots det åtgärdar vi inte problemen, utan koncentrerar oss på konsekvenserna. Arbetslöshet i samhällsbyggnadssek-torn leder till sänkt status för samhällsbyggaren. Vi har därför svårt att rekrytera studenter, och även forskningen har låg status.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Patrik, 1967-
(författare)
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Physico-chemical characteristics and quantitative structure-activity relationships of PCBs
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) comprise a group of 209 congeners varying in the number of chlorine atoms and substitution patterns. These compounds tend to be biomagnified in foodwebs and have been shown to induce an array of effects in exposed organisms. The structural characteristics of the PCBs influence their potency as well as mechanism of action. In order to assess the biological potency of these compounds a multi-step quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) procedure was used in the project described in this thesis.The ultraviolet absorption (UV) spectra were measured for all 209 PCBs, and digitised for use as physico-chemical descriptors. Interpretations of the spectra using principal component analysis (PCA) showed the number of ortho chlorine atoms and para-para substitution patterns to be significant. Additional physico-chemical descriptors were derived from semi-empirical calculations. These included various molecular energies, the ionisation potential, electron affinity, dipole moments, and the internal barrier of rotation. The internal barrier of rotation was especially useful for describing the conformation of the PCBs on a continuous scale.In total 52 physico-chemical descriptors were compiled and analysed by PCA for the tetra- to hepta-chlorinated congeners. The structural variation within these compounds was condensed into four principal properties derived from a PCA for use as design variables in a statistical design to select congeners representative for these homologue-groups. The 20 selected PCBs have been applied to study structure-specific biochemical responses in a number of bioassays, and to study the biomagnification of the PCBs in various fish species.QSARs were established using partial least squares projections to latent structures (PLS) for the PCBs potency to inhibit intercellular communication, activate respiratory burst, inhibit dopamine uptake in synaptic vesicles, compete with estradiol for binding to estrogen receptors, and induce cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) related activities. By the systematic use of the designed set of PCBs the biological potency was screened over the chemical domain of the class of compounds. Further, sub-regions of highly potent PCBs were identified for each response measured. For risk assessment of the PCBs potency to induce dioxin-like activities the predicted induction potencies (PIPs) were calculated. In addition, two sets of PCBs were presented that specifically represent congeners of environmental relevance in combination with predicted potency to induce estrogenic and CYP1A related activities.
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| 20. |
- Brenerová, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Pure non-dioxin-like PCB congeners suppress induction of AhR-dependent endpoints in rat liver cells
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 23:3, s. 2099-2107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relative potencies of non-ortho-substituted coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and to cause the AhR-dependent toxic events are essential for their risk assessment. Since some studies suggested that abundant non-dioxin-like PCB congeners (NDL-PCBs) may alter the AhR activation by PCB mixtures and possibly cause non-additive effects, we evaluated potential suppressive effects of NDL-PCBs on AhR activation, using a series of 24 highly purified NDL-PCBs. We investigated their impact on the model AhR agonist-induced luciferase reporter gene expression in rat hepatoma cells and on induction of CYP1A1/1B1 mRNAs and deregulation of AhR-dependent cell proliferation in rat liver epithelial cells. PCBs 128, 138, and 170 significantly suppressed AhR activation (with IC50 values from 1.4 to 5.6 mu M), followed by PCBs 28, 47, 52, and 180; additionally, PCBs 122, 153, and 168 showed low but still significant potency to reduce luciferase activity. Detection of CYP1A1 mRNA levels in liver epithelial cells largely confirmed these results for the most abundant NDL-PCBs, whereas the other AhR-dependent events (CYP1B1 mRNA expression, induction of cell proliferation in confluent cells) were less sensitive to NDL-PCBs, thus indicating a more complex regulation of these endpoints. The present data suggest that some NDL-PCBs could modulate overall dioxin-like effects in complex mixtures.
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| 21. |
- Hakalehto, E., et al.
(författare)
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Some remarks on processing of slaughterhouse wastes from ecological chicken abattoir and farm
- 2016
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Ingår i: Microbiological Industrial Hygiene. - : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781634852937 - 9781634852685 ; , s. 271-293
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the meat industries, it is always of high importance to follow up the zoonotic and other hazardous micro-organisms, and to prevent their risky distribution, emission and dissemination. Besides proper hygiene control, as well as organized exploitation of the side streams and slaughterhouse wastes helps in the hygienization of the biomasses, processes, and the entire industry. During this experimentation it turned out that it was possible to produce gases and chemical goods, not only from the carboxylates, but also from the more tedious protein and lipid containing wastes. Moreover, these promising results were obtained from a substrate mix with manure and wood chips. These results implied to the high versatility and flexibility of the bioprocess during Pilot A tests within the European Union Baltic Sea region project ABOWE. In Sweden these tests were carried out using the combined wastes from the ecological chicken farm and abattoir as the raw materials. This is a report of the practical set up during intensive experimentation conducted jointly by the Swedish and Finnish personnel. The report of the runs in Sweden is presented also in the public report of the European Union funded project (www.abowe.eu).
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| 22. |
- Holmgren, Tomas, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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A generic emission model to predict release of organic substances from materials in consumer goods
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 437, s. 306-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic chemicals may be released when consumer goods are used, contributing to environmental and human levels of potentially hazardous chemicals. A generic model was developed to predict emissions of organic chemicals from various materials in consumer products. The model involved three modules, which each predict a key parameter needed to calculate the mass of individual chemicals emitted. Partition coefficients between a material and the surrounding air were predicted using Abraham solvation parameters, diffusion coefficients in materials were calculated using the Piringer equation, and convective mass transfer coefficients were evaluated by applying the Chilton–Colburn analogy. The calculated emission rates from predicted parameters were evaluated and agreed well with literature data. The release of plasticizers from vinyl flooring used in Sweden was calculated to demonstrate the utility of the generic model. The estimated emitted masses of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP), and 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid di-iso-nonyl ester (DINCH) in 2012 were 210 kg, 40 kg, and 3.6 kg respectively. Emissions from vinyl flooring were estimated for the period 1990 to 2035 and it was shown that the recent substitution of DEHP with DINP will help to reduce plasticizer emissions. Model calculations for alternative plasticizers revealed that DINCH would yield similar emissions to DINP, whereas use of diethyl hexyl-iso-sorbide or diethyl hexyl adipate would result in higher emissions.
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| 23. |
- Holmgren, Tomas, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement and modelling of organophosphates leaching from concrete to water
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Organophosphate triesters used as additives in materials are leaching into the environment and have been found as pollutants in both water and sewage samples. Concrete is one of the most commonly used materials in the world and often contains tributyl phosphate (TBP) and triisobutyl phosphate (TiBP) as anti-foaming agents. In the present study, leaching of TBP and TiBP from concrete to water was measured over 16 weeks under laboratory conditions. The release was initially high (TBP 2900 ± 1060 10 μg/m2h; TiBP 8500 ± 800 μg/m2h), and then dropped to a low stable level over a six-week period. A generic model was developed to predict leaching of organic compounds to water. Three types of diffusion were modelled, dissolution from the surface, diffusion in cracks and pores, and diffusion in micro-pores in the concrete. The former type was assessed using the Nernst-Brunner dissolution and Fickian diffusion theory. The latter types required the use of three modules to model diffusion, solubilisation and 15 convective mass transfer processes separately. The boundary layer solubilisation was modelled using the Abraham solubility equation and solvation parameters taken from literature data. The results showed that the initial release of organophosphates from concrete to water can be significant (in some cases, >40% of the additive leaches out over the first few weeks) and that the long-term release of organophosphates from concrete constructions to the surrounding water can be accurately modelled. The model was applied to 20 estimate the release of TiBP to river water from the foundation of a bridge, resulting in a total loss of 2% of the additive over 8 years, with seasonal fluctuations in loss rate following changes in temperature and water flow. Due to the generic nature of the model, it can also be used to assess the leaching of other additives from concrete constructions to aquatic environments.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Legler, Juliette, et al.
(författare)
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The GOLIATH Project : Towards an Internationally Harmonised Approach for Testing Metabolism Disrupting Compounds
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 21:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this project report is to introduce the European "GOLIATH" project, a new research project which addresses one of the most urgent regulatory needs in the testing of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), namely the lack of methods for testing EDCs that disrupt metabolism and metabolic functions. These chemicals collectively referred to as "metabolism disrupting compounds" (MDCs) are natural and anthropogenic chemicals that can promote metabolic changes that can ultimately result in obesity, diabetes, and/or fatty liver in humans. This project report introduces the main approaches of the project and provides a focused review of the evidence of metabolic disruption for selected EDCs. GOLIATH will generate the world's first integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA) specifically tailored to MDCs. GOLIATH will focus on the main cellular targets of metabolic disruption-hepatocytes, pancreatic endocrine cells, myocytes and adipocytes-and using an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework will provide key information on MDC-related mode of action by incorporating multi-omic analyses and translating results from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models and assays to adverse metabolic health outcomes in humans at real-life exposures. Given the importance of international acceptance of the developed test methods for regulatory use, GOLIATH will link with ongoing initiatives of the Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) for test method (pre-)validation, IATA, and AOP development.
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| 28. |
- Lilienthal, Hellmuth, et al.
(författare)
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Sexually dimorphic behavior after developmental exposure to characterize endocrine-mediated effects of different non-dioxin-like PCBs in rats
- 2013
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Ingår i: Toxicology. - : Elsevier. - 0300-483X .- 1879-3185. ; 311:1-2, s. 52-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many chemicals are known to exhibit endocrine activity and affect reproductive functions in vertebrates and invertebrates. Endocrine effects include influences on sexual differentiation of the brain during development and reproductive and non-reproductive behavior in adult offspring. We previously demonstrated that developmental exposure to a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which was reconstituted according to the congener pattern found in human breast milk caused feminization of sweet preference as a sexually dimorphic behavior in adult male rats, following decreases in aromatase activity in the brain of newborn male pups. This result may be due to dioxin-like or non-dioxin-like (NDL) PCBs and their respective effects on steroid hormones. The aim of the present experiments was to determine if exposure to highly purified NDL-PCBs (to remove Ah receptor active contaminants) also results in alteration of sweet preference. Pregnant rats were orally exposed to PCB52 (6 dose groups, total dose of 0-3000mg/kg body wt) or PCB180 (6 dose groups, total dose of 0-1000mg/kg body wt). In a further experiment rat dams were treated with equimolar doses of PCB74 or PCB95 (total dose, 760μMol/kg body wt, corresponding to 229mg/kg or 248mg/kg body wt of PCB74 and PCB95, respectively). Adult male and female offspring were given a choice between a bottle of saccharin solution (0.25%) and a bottle of tap water on five consecutive days. Control females consumed approximately twice as much sweetened solution compared with control males, thus, demonstrating sexual dimorphism of this behavior. Only non-significant reduction of sweet preference was found at the top dose level in female offspring after exposure to PCB52. Female offspring exposed to PCB180 exhibited signs of supernormal behavior as illustrated by increased saccharin consumption at intermediate dose levels. Decreased sweet preference was observed in females after developmental PCB74, whereas males were unaffected. Only PCB95 increased saccharin consumption in exposed males, leading to decreased sexual dimorphism of this behavior and behavioral feminization. The results demonstrate that different NDL-PCBs exhibit differential effects on sexually dimorphic behavior and that feminization occurs after removal of Ah receptor active contaminants. Comparison with data from the literature reveals little evidence for a relation to anti-androgenic activity of the studied NDL-PCBs.
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| 29. |
- Salo, Kent, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Aerosol volatility and enthalpy of sublimation of carboxylic acids.
- 2010
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Ingår i: The journal of physical chemistry. A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5215 .- 1089-5639. ; 114:13, s. 4586-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The enthalpy of sublimation has been determined for nine carboxylic acids, two cyclic (pinonic and pinic acid) and seven straight-chain dicarboxylic acids (C(4) to C(10)). The enthalpy of sublimation was determined from volatility measurements of nano aerosol particles using a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (VTDMA) set-up. Compared to the previous use of a VTDMA, this novel method gives enthalpy of sublimation determined over an extended temperature range (DeltaT approximately 40 K). The determined enthalpy of sublimation for the straight-chain dicarboxylic acids ranged from 96 to 161 kJ mol(-1), and the calculated vapor pressures at 298 K are in the range of 10(-6)-10(-3) Pa. These values indicate that dicarboxylic acids can take part in gas-to-particle partitioning at ambient conditions and may contribute to atmospheric nucleation, even though homogeneous nucleation is unlikely. To obtain consistent results, some experimental complications in producing nanosized crystalline aerosol particles were addressed. It was demonstrated that pinonic acid "used as received" needed a further purification step before being suspended as a nanoparticle aerosol. Furthermore, it was noted from distinct differences in thermal properties that aerosols generated from pimelic acid solutions gave two types of particles. These two types were attributed to crystalline and amorphous configurations, and based on measured thermal properties, the enthalpy of vaporization was 127 kJ mol(-1) and that of sublimation was 161 kJ mol(-1). This paper describes a new method that is complementary to other similar methods and provides an extension of existing experimental data on physical properties of atmospherically relevant compounds.
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| 30. |
- Salo, Kent, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal characterization of aminium nitrate nanoparticles.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The journal of physical chemistry. A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5215 .- 1089-5639. ; 115:42, s. 11671-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amines are widely used and originate from both anthropogenic and natural sources. Recently, there is, in addition, a raised concern about emissions of small amines formed as degradation products of the more complex amines used in CO(2) capture and storage systems. Amines are bases and can readily contribute to aerosol mass and number concentration via acid-base reactions but are also subject to gas phase oxidation forming secondary organic aerosols. To provide more insight into the atmospheric fate of the amines, this paper addresses the volatility properties of aminium nitrates suggested to be produced in the atmosphere from acid-base reactions of amines with nitric acid. The enthalpy of vaporization has been determined for the aminium nitrates of mono-, di-, trimethylamine, ethylamine, and monoethanolamine. The enthalpy of vaporization was determined from volatility measurements of laboratory generated aerosol nanoparticles using a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer set up. The determined enthalpy of vaporization for aminium nitrates range from 54 up to 74 kJ mol(-1), and the calculated vapor pressures at 298 K are around 10(-4) Pa. These values indicate that aminium nitrates can take part in gas-to-particle partitioning at ambient conditions and have the potential to nucleate under high NO(x) conditions, e.g., in combustion plumes.
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| 31. |
- Savsin, Selen, 1985-
(författare)
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Essays on Offshoring, Labor Demand and Hypothetical Bias in Choice Experiments
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation consists of four papers on offshoring, labor demand and hypothetical bias in travel-time stated choice experiments. They are summarized as follows. Essay 1: Firm-level Effects of Offshoring of Materials and Services on Relative Labor Demand analyzes the effect of relocation of production process abroad (offshoring), on relative labor demand for the Swedish manufacturing sector over the period 1997-2002. This essay gives no support to the expected negative effect of out-location of high-skilled activity in Swedish firms and even shows an increase in relative demand of high-skilled labor due to service offshoring. Essay 2: Labour Demand, Offshoring and Inshoring: Evidence from Swedish Firm-level Data adds to the existing literature of offshoring by simultaneously analyzing the effect of offshoring and inshoring measured as firm-level imports and exports, respectively, of intermediate goods (materials) or services on firm-level relative labor demand for high-skilled labor. The causality that we find between relative labor demand and service offshoring, cannot be established neither from goods nor services inshoring. Essay 3: Is ‘Referencing’ a Remedy to Hypothetical Bias in Value of Time Elicitation? Evidence from Economic Experiments demonstrates negative hypothetical bias, i.e. higher value of time is revealed by real choice when it is compared with the value estimated from a hypothetical choice survey. Referencing, that involves interviewing the respondents about the attributes of a reference trip that has been made and then constructing the stated choice experiment presenting variations of that trip, is tested as a suggested remedy. The results indicate that any negative hypothetical bias that would exist without referencing treatment would have been further magnified by the referencing design. Essay 4: Joint Usage of Referencing and Certainty in Travel Time Stated Choice Experiments explores the heterogeneous association of referencing with respect to self-reported choice-certainty with responses in stated choice experiments. The findings in the essay show that while uncertain respondents are more likely to accept the offer of a travel-time prolongation for monetary compensation with referencing, certain respondents tend to be less likely to accept the offer under referencing conditions.
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| 32. |
- Stenberg, Mia, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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A multivariate chemical map of industrial chemicals : Assessment of various protocols for identification of chemicals of potential concern
- 2009
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 76:7, s. 878-884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In present study the Industrial chemical map was created, and investigated. Molecular descriptors were calculated for 56 072 organic substances from the European inventory of existing commercial chemical substances (EINECS). The resulting multivariate dataset was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), giving five principal components, mainly reflecting size, hydrophobicity, flexibility, halogenation and electronical properties. It is these five PCs that form the basis of the map of organic, industrial chemicals, the Industrial chemical map. The similarities and diversity in chemical characteristics of the substances in relation to their persistence (P), bioaccumulation (B) and long-range transport potential were then examined, by superimposing five sets of entries obtained from other relevant databases onto the Industrial chemical map. These sets displayed very similar diversity patterns in the map, although with a spread in all five PC vectors. Substances listed by the United Nations Environment Program as persistent organic pollutants (UNEP POPs) were on the other hand clearly grouped with respect to each of the five PCs. Illustrating similarities and differences in chemical properties are one of the strengths of the multivariate data analysis method, and to be able to make predictions of, and investigate new chemicals. Further, the results demonstrate that non-testing methods as read-across, based on molecular similarities, can reduce the requirements to test industrial chemicals, provided that they are applied carefully, in combination with sound chemical knowledge.
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| 33. |
- Stenberg, Mia, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate toxicity profiles and QSAR modeling of non-dioxin-like PCBs : an investigation of in vitro screening data from ultra-pure congeners
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 85:9, s. 1423-1429
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The non-dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) found in food and human samples have a complex spectrum of adverse effects, but lack a detailed risk assessment. The toxicity profiles of 21 carefully selected PCBs (19 NDL-PCBs) were identified by in vitro screening in 17 different assays on specific endpoints related to neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption and tumor promotion. To ensure that the test results were not affected by polychlorinated dioxins, dibenzofurans or DL-PCB contaminants, the NDL-PCB congeners were thoroughly purified before testing. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to derive general toxicity profiles from the in vitro screening data. The toxicity profiles indicated different structure-activity relationships (SAR) and distinct mechanisms of action. The analysis also indicated that the NDL-PCBs could be divided into two groups. The first group included generally smaller, ortho-substituted congeners, comprising PCB 28, 47, 51, 52, 53, 95, 100, 101, 104 and 136, with PCB 95, 101 and 136 as generally being most active. The second group comprising PCB 19, 74, 118, 122, 128, 138, 153, 170, 180 and 190 had lower biological activity in many of the assays, except for three endocrine-related assays. The most abundant congeners, PCB 138, 153, 170, 180 and 190, cluster in the second group, and thereby show similar SAR. Two quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models could be developed that added information to the SAR and could aid in risk assessments of NDL-PCBs. The QSAR models predicted a number of congeners as active and among these e.g., PCB 18, 25, 45 and 49 have been found in food or human samples.
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| 34. |
- Stenberg, Mia, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Selection of non-dioxin-like PCBs for in vitro testing on the basis of environmental abundance and molecular structure
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 71:10, s. 1909-1915
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) constitute the major proportion of PCBs found in food and human tissues. It is important to improve our understanding of the toxicity, environmental and human risks associated with the NDL-PCBs, since their toxicology is incompletely characterized and a human health risk assessment is required. This paper discusses the selection of a training set of 20 tri- to hepta-chlorinated biphenyls, PCBs 19, 28, 47, 51, 52, 53, 74, 95, 100, 101, 104, 118, 122, 128, 136, 138, 153, 170, 180, and 190. Suggested for comprehensive screening using in vitro assays to identify critical mechanisms of toxicological action. The selected PCBs form a balanced basis for developing of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for prediction of physicochemical and toxicological properties of non-tested PCB congeners. Chemical and physical properties, environmental abundance and toxicological activities of the congeners were considered during the selection process. A complementary set of PCBs, a reference set, was selected using D-optimal onion design including PCBs 18, 20, 28, 30, 37, 40, 50, 54, 60, 77, 82, 99, 122, 132, 153, 161, 170, 188, 192, and 193. Congeners of this set are well suited for validation of QSAR models developed using the training set. For visualization of the chemical diversity of environmentally abundant PCBs and congeners of the training and reference sets, principal component analysis (PCA) was used. Statistical molecular design was used to verify the structural representation. As a reference structure for dioxin-like PCBs, PCB 126 was added in the training set. The selected set of NDL-PCBs is proposed for use in toxicological testing programs to provide rational basis for risk assessment of the NDL-PCBs.
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| 35. |
- van Ede, Karin I., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of intake and systemic relative effect potencies of dioxin-like compounds in female rats after a single oral dose
- 2014
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Ingår i: Archives of Toxicology. - Heidelberg, Germany : Springer. - 0340-5761 .- 1432-0738. ; 88:3, s. 637-646
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk assessment for mixtures of dioxin-like compounds uses the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach. Although current WHO-TEFs are mostly based on oral administration, they are commonly used to determine toxicity equivalencies (TEQs) in human blood or tissues. However, the use of "intake" TEFs to calculate systemic TEQs in for example human blood, has never been validated. In this study, intake and systemic relative effect potencies (REPs) for 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-118) and 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-156) were compared in rats. The effect potencies were calculated based on administered dose and liver, adipose or plasma concentrations in female Sprague-Dawley rats 3 days after a single oral dose, relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity and gene expression of Cyp1a1, 1a2, 1b1 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor in liver and peripheral blood lymphocytes were used as endpoints. Results show that plasma-based systemic REPs were generally within a half log range around the intake REPs for all congeners tested, except for 4-PeCDF. Together with our previously reported systemic REPs from a mouse study, these data do not warrant the use of systemic REPs as systemic TEFs for human risk assessment. However, further investigation for plasma-based systemic REPs for 4-PeCDF is desirable.
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| 36. |
- Wigestrand, Mattis B., et al.
(författare)
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Non-dioxin-like PCBs inhibit [3H]WIN-35,428 binding to the dopamine transporter : a structure–activity relationship study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neurotoxicology. - : Elsevier. - 0161-813X .- 1872-9711. ; 39, s. 18-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) are neurotoxic compounds with known effects at the dopaminergic system in the brain. In a previous study we demonstrated that NDL-PCBs inhibit uptake of dopamine into rat brain synaptosomes, an effect most likely mediated by inhibition of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Here, using the cocaine analogue [3H]WIN-35,428 binding assay and synaptosomes, we directly investigate whether NDL-PCBs act via DAT and explore the structure–activity relationship of this effect. In total, thirty PCBs were investigated, including a previously selected training set of twenty PCBs covering the structural variation within tri- to hepta-chlorinated NDL-PCBs, and an additional set of ten NDL-PCB congeners selected to validate the structure–activity pattern of neurotoxic PCBs. Since previous work has demonstrated that NDL-PCBs can also inhibit the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), we additionally examined whether some PCB congeners favour an effect on VMAT2 and others on DAT. Our results show that NDL-PCBs are potent inhibitors of [3H]WIN-35,428 binding to DAT. In fact, we identify a PCB congener (PCB 110) with similar potency for [3H]WIN-35,428 binding inhibition as cocaine. All active congeners were ortho-chlorinated PCBs, and in particular, tetra- and penta-chlorinated with 2–3 chlorine atoms in the ortho position were potent inhibitors of [3H]WIN-35,428 binding. Notably, the most active PCBs are highly prevalent in commercial mixtures of PCBs (Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260), which indicates that DAT inhibition could be one of the factors contributing to behavioural effects after Aroclor exposure. Derived data correlated well with the recently derived neurotoxic equivalency factors (NEQs), indicating the generality and applicability of the NEQ scheme in risk assessments of PCBs.
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