| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Zhang, Renyun, et al.
(författare)
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Soap-film coating : High-speed deposition of multilayer nanofilms
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - Nature Publishing Group : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 3, s. Art. no. 1477-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coating of thin films is applied in numerous fields and many methods are employed for the deposition of these films. Some coating techniques may deposit films at high speed; for example, ordinary printing paper is coated with micrometre-thick layers of clay at a speed of tens of meters per second. However, to coat nanometre thin films at high speed, vacuum techniques are typically required, which increases the complexity of the process. Here, we report a simple wet chemical method for the high-speed coating of films with thicknesses at the nanometre level. This soap-film coating technique is based on forcing a substrate through a soap film that contains nanomaterials. Molecules and nanomaterials can be deposited at a thickness ranging from less than a monolayer to several layers at speeds up to meters per second. We believe that the soap-film coating method is potentially important for industrial-scale nanotechnology.
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| 4. |
- Blind, Per-Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Fast-Track Program for Liver Resection - Factors Prolonging Length of Stay
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hepato-Gastroenterology. - 0172-6390. ; 61:136, s. 2340-2344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Fast-track programs involving multi-modal measures to enhance recovery after surgery, reduce morbidity and decrease hospital length of stay (LOS) are used for different major surgical procedures. For liver resections, factors influencing LOS within a fast-track program have been studied only to a limited extent, which was the aim of the present study. Methodology: The present study comprises the first 64 patients included in a fast-track program for liver resections introduced in March 2012. Patient outcomes were compared to a historical cohort of patients (n=62) operated in 2009. Factors prolonging LOS was analyzed by uni- and multivariate analysis. Results: Median LOS was 6 days (range 3-42 days) within the fast-track program as compared with 8 days (range 5-47 days) in the historical cohort (P=0.004). On multivariate analysis, factors increasing LOS in the fast-track group were found to be the presence of complication (P=0.018), extent of resection (major as compared to minor) (P=0.001) and inability to drink > 1250 ml on the day after surgery (P=0.002). Conclusion: Patients who can only drink limited amounts of fluid the day after-liver resection represent a subset of patients that should be given special attention within a fast-track program.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Miaoxiang, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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High carrier mobility in low band gap polymer-based field-effect transistors
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 87:25, s. 252105-1-252105-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A conjugated polymer with a low band gap of 1.21 eV, i.e., absorbing infrared light, is demonstrated as active material in field-effect transistors (FETs). The material consists of alternating fluorene units and low band gap segments with electron donor-acceptor-donor units composed of two electron-donating thiophene rings attached on both sides of a thiadiazolo-quinoxaline electron-acceptor group. The polymer is solution-processable and air-stable; the resulting FETs exhibit typical p-channel characteristics and field-effect mobility of 0.03 cm2 V−1 s−1.
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| 6. |
- Dahlberg, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Biophysical Fingerprinting of Single Bacterial Spores using Laser Raman Optical Tweezers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE) sensing XXI. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 9781510636101
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spore-forming bacteria that cause diseases pose a danger in our society. When in spore form, bacteria can survive high temperatures and resist a plethora of disinfection chemicals. Effective disinfection approaches are thus critical. Since a population of bacterial spores is heterogeneous in many aspects, single spore analyzing methods are suitable when heterogeneous information cannot be neglected. We present in this work a high-resolution Laser Raman optical tweezers that can trap single spores and characterize their Raman spectra. We first evaluate our system by measuring Raman spectra of spores, and purified DNA and DPA. Thereafter, we expose Bacillus thuringiensis spores to peracetic acid, chlorine dioxide, and sodium hypochlorite, which are common disinfection chemicals. The data reveals how these agents change the constitutes of a spore over time, thus improving on the mode of action of these disinfection chemicals.
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| 7. |
- Ericsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of particulate emissions and methodology for oxidation of particulates from non-diesel combustion systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tailpipe particulate emissions, i.e., particle number, size distribution and total mass, from a series of four-cylinder engines with 2L displacement and power output of approximately 150 hp have been measured. The engines were in their respective vehicle installation, all midsize vehicles from various manufacturers, and represented different combustion concepts, i.e., port- and direct-injected vehicles and E5 and E85 fuels. The results are compared to post-Euro V emission standards for gasoline and biofuels using diesel as reference. The results show that the type of combustion and fuel significantly affect the particulate formation. In general, direct-injected engines show high particle numbers and mass compared to port-injected engines. The particulate number and total mass can be reduced by using biofuels, e.g., ethanol mixes, instead of gasoline. Moreover, an experimental procedure and setup facilitating precise studies of oxidation of particulates in realistic filter structures by well-controlled gas flow (composition and temperature) and sample (particulate load and temperature) conditions has been developed. The results from this method have been verified by using commercial soot as reference.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Tailored vs. Standardized Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression and Comorbid Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 7:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: Major depression can be treated by means of cognitive behavior therapy, delivered via the Internet as guided self-help. Individually tailored guided self-help treatments have shown promising results in the treatment of anxiety disorders. This randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of an Internet-based individually tailored guided self-help treatment which specifically targeted depression with comorbid symptoms. The treatment was compared both to standardized (non-tailored) Internet-based treatment and to an active control group in the form of a monitored online discussion group. Both guided self-help treatments were based on cognitive behavior therapy and lasted for 10 weeks. The discussion group consisted of weekly discussion themes related to depression and the treatment of depression. Methods: A total of 121 participants with diagnosed major depressive disorder and with a range of comorbid symptoms were randomized to three groups. The tailored treatment consisted of a prescribed set of modules targeting depression as well as comorbid problems. The standardized treatment was a previously tested guided self-help program for depression. Results: From pre-treatment to post-treatment, both treatment groups improved on measures of depression, anxiety and quality of life. The results were maintained at a 6-month follow-up. Subgroup analyses showed that the tailored treatment was more effective than the standardized treatment among participants with higher levels of depression at baseline and more comorbidity, both in terms of reduction of depressive symptoms and on recovery rates. In the subgroup with lower baseline scores of depression, few differences were seen between treatments and the discussion group. Conclusions: This study shows that tailored Internet-based treatment for depression is effective and that addressing comorbidity by tailoring may be one way of making guided self-help treatments more effective than standardized approaches in the treatment of more severe depression.
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| 11. |
- Larsson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Säkerhetskultur och självkörande fordon och maskiner
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Självkörande fordon inom transportsektorn befinner sig ännu i utvecklingsstadiet. Att införa självkörande fordon och maskiner i befintliga verksamheter innebär ofta förändringar både i organisationen och den fysiska miljön och kan även innebära nya risker. I detta sammanhang kan säkerhetskulturen, både hos utvecklare och hos användare, spela viktig roll för att självkörande fordon och maskiner ska fungera säkert och effektivt i olika verksamheter. Projektets mål har varit att utveckla metoder för att förbättra säkerhetskultur där människor och automatiserad teknik samverkar som agenter i ett gemensamt system, samt att utveckla mätverktyg där hållbarhet, jämställdhet och säkerhet utvärderas för införande av självkörande fordon och maskiner. Projektet har utgått ifrån fallstudier från två olika domäner – självkörande bussar och självkörande industritruckar. Intervjuer har genomförts med utvecklare, kunder och slutanvändare. En enkät har tagits fram att mäta säkerhetskultur, jämställdhetskultur och hållbarhetskultur i organisationer som utvecklar självkörande fordon. Utöver detta har data från incidentrapporter analyserats. Lärdomarna från resultaten och projektdeltagarnas tidigare erfarenheter har resulterat i ett första utkast av en processmodell där säkerhetskultur integreras i utvecklingen av självkörande fordon och maskiner. Intervjuerna med utvecklare och kunder av självkörande fordon visade att säkerhetskultur inte var ett etablerat begrepp vare sig hos utvecklarna eller hos kunderna och att det därför inte var en faktor som man medvetet beaktade. Lärdomar från enkäten var att det finns skillnader mellan produktföretag och som markant påverkar formuleringar av frågeställningar. Det gick inte att fastställa om det föreligger kopplingar mellan hållbarhets-, jämställdhets- och säkerhetskultur. Fallstudien med bussarna visade bland annat att kund och leverantör pratar om olika typer av säkerhet samt att säkerheten ofta, men inte alltid, är prioriterad över effektiviteten. Utifrån analyserna av incidentdata från självkörande bussar samt förarlösa industritruckar har en lista med förslag på nyckeltal för att kunna analysera incidenter med självkörande fordon tagits fram inom projektet.
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| 12. |
- Lundquist, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers to the Intestinal Absorption of Four Insulin-Loaded Arginine-Rich Nanoparticles in Human and Rat
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 16:9, s. 14210-14229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peptide drugs and biologics provide opportunities for treatments of many diseases. However, due to their poor stability and permeability in the gastrointestinal tract, the oral bioavailability of peptide drugs is negligible. Nanoparticle formulations have been proposed to circumvent these hurdles, but systemic exposure of orally administered peptide drugs has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the absorption mechanisms of four insulin-loaded arginine-rich nanoparticles displaying differing composition and surface characteristics, developed within the pan-European consortium TRANS-INT. The transport mechanisms and major barriers to nanoparticle permeability were investigated in freshly isolated human jejunal tissue. Cytokine release profiles and standard toxicity markers indicated that the nanoparticles were nontoxic. Three out of four nanoparticles displayed pronounced binding to the mucus layer and did not reach the epithelium. One nanoparticle composed of a mucus inert shell and cell-penetrating octarginine (ENCP), showed significant uptake by the intestinal epithelium corresponding to 28 ± 9% of the administered nanoparticle dose, as determined by super-resolution microscopy. Only a small fraction of nanoparticles taken up by epithelia went on to be transcytosed via a dynamin-dependent process. In situ studies in intact rat jejunal loops confirmed the results from human tissue regarding mucus binding, epithelial uptake, and negligible insulin bioavailability. In conclusion, while none of the four arginine-rich nanoparticles supported systemic insulin delivery, ENCP displayed a consistently high uptake along the intestinal villi. It is proposed that ENCP should be further investigated for local delivery of therapeutics to the intestinal mucosa.
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| 13. |
- Malinovschi, Andrei, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of Using Post- or Prebronchodilator Reference Values in Interpreting Spirometry
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 208:4, s. 461-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Post-bronchodilator (BD) spirometry is used for diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, pre-BD reference values are used for spirometry interpretation.OBJECTIVES: To compare the resulting prevalence rates of abnormal spirometry and study the consequences of using pre- or post-BD reference values generated within the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) when interpreting post-BD spirometry in a general population.METHODS: SCAPIS reference values for post-BD and pre-BD spirometry were based on 10,156 and 1,498 never-smoking, healthy participants, respectively. We studied the associations of abnormal spirometry, defined by using pre- or post-BD reference values, with respiratory burden in the SCAPIS general population (28,851 individuals).MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bronchodilation resulted in higher predicted median and lower limit of normal (LLN) for FEV1/FVC ratio. The prevalence of post-BD FEV1/FVC < pre-bronchodilator LLN was 4.8% and that of post-BD FEV1/FVC < post-bronchodilator LLN was 9.9% for the general population. An additional 5.1% was identified as having an abnormal post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio and this group had more respiratory symptoms, emphysema (13.5% vs. 4.1%, p<0.001) and self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD (2.8% vs. 0.5%, p<0.001) than subjects with post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio > LLN for both pre- and post-bronchodilation).CONCLUSIONS: Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry reference values differ with regard to FEV1/FVC ratio. Use of post-bronchodilator reference values doubled the population prevalence of airflow obstruction; this was related to a higher respiratory burden. Using post-bronchodilator reference values when interpreting post-bronchodilator spirometry might enable identification of individuals with mild disease and be clinically relevant.
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| 14. |
- Malyshev, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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Laser induced degradation of bacterial spores during micro-Raman spectroscopy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with optical tweezers is a powerful method to analyze how the biochemical composition and molecular structures of individual biological objects change with time. In this work we investigate laser induced effects in the trapped object. Bacillus thuringiensis spores, which are robust organisms known for their resilience to light, heat, and chemicals are used for this study. We trap spores and monitor the Raman peak from CaDPA (calcium dipicolinic acid), which is a chemical protecting the spore core. We see a correlation between the amount of laser power used in the trap and the release of CaDPA from the spore. At a laser power of 5 mW, the CaDPA from spores in water suspension remain intact over the 90 min experiment, however, at higher laser powers an induced effect could be observed. SEM images of laser exposed spores (after loss of CaDPA Raman peak was confirmed) show a notable alteration of the spores' structure. Our Raman data indicates that the median dose exposure to lose the CaDPA peak was ∼60 J at 808 nm. For decontaminated/deactivated spores, i.e., treated in sodium hypochlorite or peracetic acid solutions, the sensitivity on laser power is even more pronounced and different behavior could be observed on spores treated by the two chemicals. Importantly, the observed effect is most likely photochemical since the increase of the spore temperature is in the order of 0.1 K as suggested by our numerical multiphysics model. Our results show that care must be taken when using micro-Raman spectroscopy on biological objects since photoinduced effects may substantially affect the results.
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| 15. |
- Malyshev, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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Mode of action of Disinfection chemicals on the bacterial spore structure and their Raman spectra
- 2021
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 93:6, s. 3146-3153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contamination of toxic spore-forming bacteria is problematic since spores can survive a plethora of disinfection chemicals and it is hard to rapidly detect if the disinfection chemical has inactivated the spores. Thus, robust decontamination strategies and reliable detection methods to identify dead from viable spores are critical. In this work, we investigate the chemical changes of Bacillus thuringiensis spores treated with sporicidal agents such as chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid, and sodium hypochlorite using laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy. We also image treated spores using SEM and TEM to verify if we can correlate structural changes in the spores with changes to their Raman spectra. We found that over 30 min, chlorine dioxide did not change the Raman spectrum or the spore structure, peracetic acid showed a time-dependent decrease in the characteristic DNA/DPA peaks and ∼20% of the spores were degraded and collapsed, and spores treated with sodium hypochlorite showed an abrupt drop in DNA and DPA peaks within 20 min and some structural damage to the exosporium. Structural changes appeared in spores after 10 min, compared to the inactivation time of the spores, which is less than a minute. We conclude that vibrational spectroscopy provides powerful means to detect changes in spores but it might be problematic to identify if spores are live or dead after a decontamination procedure.
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| 16. |
- Malyshev, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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pH induced changes in Raman, UV-Vis absorbance, and fluorescence spectra of dipicolinic acid (DPA)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is an essential component for the protection of DNA in bacterial endospores and is often used as a biomarker for spore detection. Depending upon the pH of the solution, DPA exists in different ionic forms. Therefore, it is important to understand how these ionic forms influence spectroscopic response. In this work, we characterize Raman and absorption spectra of DPA in a pH range of 2.0–10.5. We show that the ring breathing mode Raman peak of DPA shifts from 1003 cm−1 to 1017 cm−1 and then to 1000 cm−1 as pH increases from 2 to 5. The relative peak intensities related to the different ionic forms of DPA are used to experimentally derive the pKa values (2.3 and 4.8). We observe using UV–vis spectroscopy that the changes in the absorption spectrum of DPA as a function of pH correlate with the changes observed in Raman spectroscopy, and the same pKa values are verified. Lastly, using fluorescence spectroscopy and exciting a DPA solution at between 210–330 nm, we observe a shift in fluorescence emission from 375 nm to 425 nm between pH 2 and pH 6 when exciting at 320 nm. Our work shows that the different spectral responses from the three ionic forms of DPA may have to be taken into account in, e.g., spectral analysis and for detection applications.
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| 17. |
- Maurin Söderholm, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Research challenges in prehospital care : the need for a simulation-based prehospital research laboratory
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Simulation. - : BioMed Central. - 2059-0628 .- 2059-0628. ; 4:3, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for improved research in the field of prehospital care. At the same time, there are many barriers in prehospital research due to the complex context, posing unique challenges for research, development, and evaluation. The present paper argues for the potential of simulation for prehospital research, e.g., through the development of an advanced simulation-based prehospital research laboratory. However, the prehospital context is different from other healthcare areas, which implies special requirements for the design of this type of laboratory, in terms of simulation width (including the entire prehospital work process) and depth (level of scenario detail). A set of features pertaining to simulation width, scenario depth, equipment, and personnel and competence are proposed. Close tailoring between these features and the prehospital research problems and context presents great potential to improve and further prehospital research.
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| 18. |
- Neuman, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Infant wheeze, comorbidities and school age asthma
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 25:4, s. 380-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Factors associated with early onset of wheeze have been described, but there is limited knowledge on which of these infant wheezers who will have developed asthma in school age. The aim was to identify clinical risk factors for asthma in the 8-yr-old children that wheezed during infancy in a population-based setting. Methods: Three thousand two hundred and fifty-one children from a population-based birth cohort followed prospectively from infancy until age 8 yr were included in the study. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Parents reported any wheeze episode before age 2 yr in 823 subjects (25%). Infant wheezers had an almost fourfold risk of asthma at age 8 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.68, 95% CI 2.74-4.96], equivalent to an asthma prevalence of 14% compared with 4% among non-wheezers (p < 0.001). After adjustments for sex, exposure to tobacco smoke and indoor dampness/mould, allergic heredity (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.02-2.30), increased frequency of wheeze (aOR 3.41, 95% CI 2.09-5.56 for children with >= 3 episodes compared with <= 2 episodes during the first 2 yr of life), infant eczema (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.52-3.49), and recurrent abdominal pain (aOR 2.33, 95% CI 1.30-4.16) remained risk factors for school age asthma in the infant wheezing group. Conclusions: Among infant wheezers, allergic heredity, increased severity of wheeze, infant eczema, and recurrent abdominal pain were independent risk factors for asthma at age 8 yr. Among children with three or four of these risk factors, 38% had asthma at school age.
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| 19. |
- Nilsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Frequent detection of respiratory agents by multiplex PCR on oropharyngeal samples in Swedish school-attending adolescents
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 44, s. 393-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Respiratory agents may be detected in the oropharynx of healthy individuals. The extent of this condition and the reasons behind it are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the presence of respiratory agents in the oropharynx of adolescents healthy enough to attend school activities. Methods: On a single day in December, samples from the posterior wall of the oropharynx of adolescents aged 1015 y were obtained using cotton-tipped swabs. The samples were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of 13 respiratory viruses and 2 bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae). Results: Out of the 232 adolescents sampled, 67 (29%) had any respiratory symptom. A positive PCR result was found in 50 individuals (22%). Human rhinovirus was the most commonly found agent. Respiratory agents were significantly more frequent in the younger age group (1013 y) than in the older age group (1415 y): 26% (38/148) vs 14% (12/84), respectively; p = 0.04. Cough was the only symptom that was more common among individuals with a positive PCR test than among those with a negative PCR test: 8/50 (16%) vs 11/182 (6%); p = 0.02. Family size and class size were not associated with the likelihood of a positive PCR test. Conclusions: The presence of respiratory agents in the oropharynx is a frequent finding among adolescents healthy enough to attend school activities. The high prevalence was found to be associated with young age, but not with the size of the family or class. © 2012 Informa Healthcare.
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| 20. |
- Nilsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A 9-band WCDMA/EDGE transceiver supporting HSPA evolution
- 2011
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 0193-6530. ; , s. 366-368
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The future of cellular radio ICs lies in the integration of an ever-increasing number of bands and channel bandwidths. This paper presents a transceiver together with the associated discrete front-end components. The transceiver supports 4 EDGE bands and 9 WCDMA bands (l-VI and Vlll-X), while the radio can be configured to simultaneously support the 4 EDGE bands and up to 5 WCDMA bands: 3 high bands (HB) and 2 low bands (LB). The RX is a SAW-less homodyne composed of a main RX and a diversity RX. To reduce package complexity with so many bands, we chose to minimize the number of ports by using single-ended RF interfaces for both RX and TX. This saves seve ral package pins, but requires careful attention to grounding. The main RX has 8 LNA ports and the diversity RX has 5, with some LNAs supporting multiple bands. On the TX side, 2 ports are used for all EDGE bands and 4 for the WCDMA bands.
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| 21. |
- Nordanstig, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality with Paclitaxel-Coated Devices in Peripheral Artery Disease.
- 2020
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 383, s. 2538-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results of a recent meta-analysis aroused concern about an increased risk of death associated with the use of paclitaxel-coated angioplasty balloons and stents in lower-limb endovascular interventions for symptomatic peripheral artery disease.We conducted an unplanned interim analysis of data from a multicenter, randomized, open-label, registry-based clinical trial. At the time of the analysis, 2289 patients had been randomly assigned to treatment with drug-coated devices (the drug-coated-device group, 1149 patients) or treatment with uncoated devices (the uncoated-device group, 1140 patients). Randomization was stratified according to disease severity on the basis of whether patients had chronic limb-threatening ischemia (1480 patients) or intermittent claudication (809 patients). The single end point for this interim analysis was all-cause mortality.No patients were lost to follow-up. Paclitaxel was used as the coating agent for all the drug-coated devices. During a mean follow-up of 2.49 years, 574 patients died, including 293 patients (25.5%) in the drug-coated-device group and 281 patients (24.6%) in the uncoated-device group (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 1.22). At 1 year, all-cause mortality was 10.2% (117 patients) in the drug-coated-device group and 9.9% (113 patients) in the uncoated-device group. During the entire follow-up period, there was no significant difference in the incidence of death between the treatment groups among patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (33.4% [249 patients] in the drug-coated-device group and 33.1% [243 patients] in the uncoated-device group) or among those with intermittent claudication (10.9% [44 patients] and 9.4% [38 patients], respectively).In this randomized trial in which patients with peripheral artery disease received treatment with paclitaxel-coated or uncoated endovascular devices, the results of an unplanned interim analysis of all-cause mortality did not show a difference between the groups in the incidence of death during 1 to 4 years of follow-up. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02051088.).
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| 22. |
- Näsström, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic NAC 71-82 Peptides Designed to Produce Fibrils with Different Protofilament Interface Contacts
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alpha-synucleinopathies are featured by fibrillar inclusions in brain cells. Although α-synuclein fibrils display structural diversity, the origin of this diversity is not fully understood. We used molecular dynamics simulations to design synthetic peptides, based on the NAC 71-82 amino acid fragment of α-synuclein, that govern protofilament contacts and generation of twisted fibrillar polymorphs. Four peptides with structures based on either single or double fragments and capped or non-capped ends were selected for further analysis. We determined the fibrillar yield and the structures from these peptides found in the solution after fibrillisation using protein concentration determination assay and circular dichroism spectroscopy. In addition, we characterised secondary structures formed by individual fibrillar complexes using laser-tweezers Raman spectroscopy. Results suggest less mature fibrils, based on the lower relative β-sheet content for double- than single-fragment peptide fibrils. We confirmed this structural difference by TEM analysis which revealed, in addition to short protofibrils, more elongated, twisted and rod-like fibril structures in non-capped and capped double-fragment peptide systems, respectively. Finally, time-correlated single-photon counting demonstrated a difference in the Thioflavin T fluorescence lifetime profiles upon fibril binding. It could be proposed that this difference originated from morphological differences in the fibril samples. Altogether, these results highlight the potential of using peptide models for the generation of fibrils that share morphological features relevant for disease, e.g., twisted and rod-like polymorphs.
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| 23. |
- Orädd, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking the ATP-binding response in adenylate kinase in real time
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 2375-2548. ; 7:47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biological function of proteins is critically dependent on dynamics inherent to the native structure. Such structural dynamics obey a predefined order and temporal timing to execute the specific reaction. Determination of the cooperativity of key structural rearrangements requires monitoring protein reactions in real time. In this work, we used time-resolved x-ray solution scattering (TR-XSS) to visualize structural changes in the Escherichia coli adenylate kinase (AdK) enzyme upon laser-induced activation of a protected ATP substrate. A 4.3-ms transient intermediate showed partial closing of both the ATP- and AMP-binding domains, which indicates a cooperative closing mechanism. The ATP-binding domain also showed local unfolding and breaking of an Arg131-Asp146 salt bridge. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data identified similar unfolding in an Arg131Ala AdK mutant, which refolded in a closed, substrate-binding conformation. The observed structural dynamics agree with a “cracking mechanism” proposed to underlie global structural transformation, such as allostery, in proteins.
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| 24. |
- Petersson, Jöran, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching dimensional analysis in secondary school mathematics
- 2021
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Ingår i: Abstract book nofa8. - : Western Norway University of Applied Sciences.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AbstractIn its elementary form, the idea of dimensional analysis is to look at the unit of a magnitude, for example speed, and conclude that speed measured in m/s is a quotient having meters in the numerator and seconds in the denominator. However, despite dimensional analysis being a not un-common theme for research in mathematics education at tertiary level teaching, it seems in practice absent below that level. This is surprising since dimensional analysis is useful in mathematical problem solving involving proportionality. Even more so since, from halves and doubles in preschool to scalar multiplication in upper secondary school, proportionality permeates school mathematics and is well-researched (Lamon, 2007). Hence, the authors initiated a research project on how to teach dimensional analysis in school years 6-12. The novelty of this area made us choose didactical engineering (Artigue, 2015) as a theoretical framework suitable for developing the teaching of dimensional analysis. Accordingly, in a cycle of a priori and a posteriori analyses, the authors are developing an empirically based teaching model for dimensional analysis including the topic of constructing exercises for students. We present results from this on-going development project. ReferencesArtigue, M. (2015). Perspectives on Design Research: The Case of Didactical Engineering. In A. Bikner-Ahsbahs, C. Knipping, N. Presmeg. (Eds.). Approaches to Qualitative Research in Mathematics Education. Dordrecht: Springer.Lamon, S. J. (2007). Rational numbers and proportional reasoning: Towards a theoretical framework. In F.K. Lester (red) Second handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning, vol 2 (pp. 629–668). Charlotte, NC: NCTM.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Sun, Xiaole, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Stable silicon isotope analysis on nanomole quantities using MC-ICP-MS with a hexapole gas-collision cell
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0267-9477 .- 1364-5544. ; 25:2, s. 156-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate in this study that a single focusing multiple collector inductively coupled plasma massspectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) equipped with a hexapole gas-collision cell (GV-instrument Isoprobe) canprecisely determine the d29Si (2S.D., 0.2&) using a total Si consumption of less than 14 nmole (390 ngSi). Testing and evaluation of background, rinse time, and major matrix effects have been performed ina systematic way to establish a procedure to measure d29Si in small quantities. Chemical purificationprior to analysis is required to remove potential interferences. For data collected during a four-yearperiod, the average d29Si value of IRMM-018 relative to NBS-28 was found to be 0.95& (n ¼ 23,2S.D. 0.16&) with a 95% confidence interval (0.95 0.028&). The mean d29Si value of the Big-Batchstandard was found to be 5.50& (n ¼ 6, 2S.D. 0.26&). Although determination of the d30Simeasurements is not possible, with our current instrument we demonstrate that this system providesa fast and long-term reliable method for the analysis of d29Si in purified samples with low Siconcentration (18 mM Si).
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| 27. |
- Tjärnhage, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument for detection and classification of single particle aerosols in real-time
- 2013
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Ingår i: Optics Communications. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0030-4018 .- 1873-0310. ; 296, s. 106-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detection of aerosolized biological warfare agents by means of LIBS commonly operate with pulsed lasers running at constant repetition rate, resulting in very low hit rates. In this paper, we present a prototype where the LIBS laser is only fired if a particle is expected in the focal zone. A significantly improved hit rate for detection and classification of μm sized single particles in real-time is achieved. Hit rates of 40% and 70% for NaCl particles of sizes 3 and 7.0μm, respectively, can be reached in triggered configuration, as compared to 1% and 2% when the laser is un-triggered.
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| 28. |
- Vaht, Krista, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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High Graft-versus-Host Disease-Free, Relapse/Rejection-Free Survival and Similar Outcome of Related and Unrelated Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Aplastic Anemia : A Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biology of blood and marrow transplantation. - : Elsevier. - 1083-8791 .- 1523-6536. ; 25:10, s. 1970-1974
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) as primary treatment for aplastic anemia (AA) is being increasingly used. Yet, age, stem cell source, and donor type are important outcome factors. We have recently performed a nationwide cohort study of all patients with AA in Sweden diagnosed from 2000 to 2011 and now present outcome data on SCT patients. In total, 68 patients underwent SCT, and 63% of them had failed immunosuppressive therapy. We found that, with a median follow-up of 109 months (range, 35 to 192 months), 5-year overall survival (OS) for all patients was 86.8%, whereas graft-versus-host disease-free, relapse/rejection-free survival (GRFS) at 5 years was 69.1%. There was no survival impact regarding the donor type or stem cell source. Patients aged >= 40 years had a higher transplant-related mortality (29.4% versus 7.8%; P= .023), which translated into a lower 5-year OS: 70.6% versus 92.2% (A=.022) and a trend of lower GRFS (52.9% versus 74.5%; P = .069). In conclusion, we found in this real-world setting that both OS and GRFS were high, but SCT for patients with AA aged >= 40 years is problematic, and clinical trials addressing this issue are warranted. (C) 2019 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy.
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| 29. |
- Vaht, Krista, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Low response rate to ATG-based immunosuppressive therapy in very severe aplastic anaemia : A Swedish nationwide cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Munksgaard Forlag. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 100:6, s. 613-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Antithymocyte globulin (ATG)-based immunosuppression remains a cornerstone in aplastic anaemia (AA) treatment. However, most ATG studies are not population-based and knowledge about real-world results concerning response and outcome could offer important information for treating physicians.Methods: We have recently performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study on all AA patients diagnosed in Sweden in 2000–2011 and now present treatment and outcome data on patients receiving first-line ATG. In total, 158 patients showed a 47.0% response rate which was similar in all age groups (range 41.5%-51.7%) with no difference regarding ATG formulation. The response was significantly associated with severity grade—especially at time of treatment initiation: very severe (VSAA) 22.7%; severe (SAA) 54.5% (P <.001); and non-severe 88.5% (P <.001). A logistic regression-based predictive model indicated that VSAA patients with an absolute reticulocyte count <25 × 109/L had only a 19% probability of response. In a multivariable analysis, age and VSAA at the time of treatment were the independent factors for inferior survival.Conclusions: Real-world VSAA patients respond poorly to ATG which indicates the need for a different treatment approach. Our findings suggest that age alone should not be a discriminating factor for administering ATG treatment.
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| 30. |
- Wang-Hansen, Carolin, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of particulate matter from direct injected gasoline engines
- 2013
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Ingår i: Topics in Catalysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1572-9028 .- 1022-5528. ; 56:1-8, s. 446-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reactivity and reaction kinetics of particulate matter (PM) from direct injected gasoline (GDI) engines has been studied by O2 and NO2 based temperature programmed and isothermal step-response experiments, and the PM nano-structure has been characterized using HRTEM. The reactivity of the PM samples collected in filters during on-road driving was found to increase in the following order: Printex U\diesel\gasoline PI & gasoline DI\ethanol for O2 based combustion. The activation energies for O2 and NO2 based oxidation of PM collected from a GDI engine in an engine bench set-up was estimated to 146 and 71 kJ/mol respectively, which is comparable to corresponding values reported for diesel and model soot. Similar nano-structure features (crystallites plane dimensions, curvature and relative orientation) as observed for diesel soot were observed for gasoline PM.
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| 31. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 32. |
- Zhang, Renyun, et al.
(författare)
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High-speed deposition of multilayer nanofilms using soap-film coating
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-speed deposition of multilayer nanofilms using soap-film coatingRenyun Zhang, Henrik A. Andersson, Mattias Andersson, Britta Andres, Per Edström, Sverker Edvardsson, Sven Forsberg, Magnus Hummelgård, Niklas Johansson, Kristoffer Karlsson, Hans-Erik Nilsson, Martin Olsen, Tetsu Uesaka, Thomas Öhlund & Håkan OlinDepartment of Applied Science and Design, Mid Sweden University, SE-85170 Sundsvall, SwedenEmail: renyun.zhang@miun.se or hakan.olin@miun.seCoating1 of thin films is of importance for making functionalized surfaces with applications in many fields from electronics to consumer packaging. To decrease the cost, large scale roll-to-roll2 coating techniques are usually done at high speed, for example, ordinary printing paper is coated at a speed of tens of meters per second by depositing micrometer thick layers of clay. However, nanometer thin films are harder to coat at high speed by wet-chemical methods, requiring special roll-to-roll vacuum techniques3 with the cost of higher complexity.Here, we report a simple wet chemical method for high-speed coating of films down to molecular thicknesses, called soap-film coating (SFC)4. The technique is based on forcing a substrate through a soap film that contains nanomaterials. In the simplest laboratory version, the films can be deposited by a hand-coating procedure set up in a couple of minutes. The method is quite general molecules or nanomaterials or sub-micrometer materials (Figure 1) with thicknesses ranging from less than a monolayer to several layers at speeds up to meters per second. The applications of soap-film coating is quite wide an we will show solar cells, electrochromic devices, optical nanoparticle crystals, and nano-film devices. We believe that the soap-film coating method is potentially important for industrial-scale nanotechnology.Fig. 1. Soap film coating of nanoparticles, layered materials, nanowires, and molecules. a sub-monolayer 240 nm silica nanoparticle (scale bar 2 µm) b monolayer c double layer. d monolayer gold nanoparticles. e single layer TiO2 nanoparticles. f sub-monolayer polystyrene (scale 2 µm), g monolayer of polystyrene. h triple-layer of polystyrene. i monolayer of Ferritin. j AFM image of <1.5 layer GO film (3 µm x 2 µm). k clay on glass (scale 2 µm). l SFC coated nanocellulose. m Absorbance spectra Rhodamine B on a glass slide. AFM of SDS layers n (2 µm x 1.5 µm) and o (20 µm x 15 µm).ReferencesTracton, A. A. Coating Technology Handbook (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2006).Ohring, M. Materials science of thin films. (Academic press., 2001).Charles, B. Vacuum deposition onto webs, films and foils. (William Andrew, 2011).Zhang, R. Y., Andersson, H. A., Andersson, M., Andres, B., Edström, P., Edvardsson, S., Forsberg, S., Hummelgård, M., Johansson, N., Karlsson, K., Nilsson, H.-E., Olsen, M., Uesaka, T., Öhlund, T., Olin H. Soap film coating: High-speed deposition of multilayer nanofilms. Submitted.
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| 33. |
- Öberg, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of carfentanil and thiofentanil using surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy and density functional theory
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0377-0486 .- 1097-4555. ; 55:4, s. 481-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fentanyls are synthetic opioids up to 10,000 times more potent than morphine. Although initially developed for medical applications, fentanyl and its analogues have recently grown synonymous with the ongoing opioid epidemic. To combat the continued spread of these substances, there is a need for rapid and sensitive techniques for chemical detection. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has the potential for trace detection of harmful chemical substances. However, vibrational spectra obtained by SERS often differ between SERS substrates, as well as compared with spectra from normal Raman (NR) spectroscopy. Herein, SERS and NR responses from two fentanyl analogues, carfentanil (CF) and thiofentanil (TF), were measured and analysed with support from density functional theory (DFT) modelling. Using commercially available silver nanopillar SERS substrates, the SERS signatures of samples diluted in acetonitrile between 0.01 and 1000 µg/mL were studied. Relative SERS peak intensities measured in the range of 220–1800 cm−1 vary with concentration, while SERS and NR spectra largely agree for CF at higher concentrations ((Formula presented.) 100 µg/mL). For TF, three distinct NR peaks at 262, 366 and 667 cm−1 are absent or strongly suppressed in the SERS spectrum, attributed to the lone-pair electrons of the thiophene's sulphur atom binding to the Ag surface. The concentration dependence of the Raman peak at (Formula presented.) 1000 cm−1, assigned to trigonal bending of the phenyl ring, approximately follows a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. This work elucidates similarities and differences between SERS and NR in fentanyl detection and discusses the chemical rationale behind these differences.
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| 34. |
- Öberg, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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UV-induced spectral and morphological changes in bacterial spores for inactivation assessment
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 128:7, s. 1638-1646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to detect and inactivate spore-forming bacteria is of significance within, for example, industrial, healthcare, and defense sectors. Not only are stringent protocols necessary for the inactivation of spores but robust procedures are also required to detect viable spores after an inactivation assay to evaluate the procedure’s success. UV radiation is a standard procedure to inactivate spores. However, there is limited understanding regarding its impact on spores’ spectral and morphological characteristics. A further insight into these UV-induced changes can significantly improve the design of spore decontamination procedures and verification assays. This work investigates the spectral and morphological changes to Bacillus thuringiensis spores after UV exposure. Using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy, we observe an exponential decay in the spectral intensity of amino acids and protein structures, as well as a logistic increase in dimerized DPA with increased UV exposure on bulk spore suspensions. Additionally, using micro-Raman spectroscopy, we observe DPA release and protein degradation with increased UV exposure. More specifically, the protein backbone’s 1600–1700 cm–1 amide I band decays slower than other amino acid-based structures. Last, using electron microscopy and light scattering measurements, we observe shriveling of the spore bodies with increased UV radiation, alongside the leaking of core content and disruption of proteinaceous coat and exosporium layers. Overall, this work utilized spectroscopy and electron microscopy techniques to gain new understanding of UV-induced spore inactivation relating to spore degradation and CaDPA release. The study also identified spectroscopic indicators that can be used to determine spore viability after inactivation. These findings have practical applications in the development of new spore decontamination and inactivation validation methods.
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| 35. |
- Abdulla, Maysaa, et al.
(författare)
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Cell-of-origin determined by both gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry is the strongest predictor of survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of Hematology. - : Wiley. - 0361-8609 .- 1096-8652. ; 95:1, s. 57-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tumor cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are considered to originate from germinal center derived B-cells (GCB) or activated B-cells (ABC). Gene expression profiling (GEP) is preferably used to determine the cell of origin (COO). However, GEP is not widely applied in clinical practice and consequently, several algorithms based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) have been developed. Our aim was to evaluate the concordance of COO assignment between the Lymph2Cx GEP assay and the IHC-based Hans algorithm, to decide which model is the best survival predictor. Both GEP and IHC were performed in 359 homogenously treated Swedish and Danish DLBCL patients, in a retrospective multicenter cohort. The overall concordance between GEP and IHC algorithm was 72%; GEP classified 85% of cases assigned as GCB by IHC, as GCB, while 58% classified as non-GCB by IHC, were categorized as ABC by GEP. There were significant survival differences (overall survival and progression-free survival) if cases were classified by GEP, whereas if cases were categorized by IHC only progression-free survival differed significantly. Importantly, patients assigned as non-GCB/ABC both by IHC and GEP had the worst prognosis, which was also significant in multivariate analyses. Double expression of MYC and BCL2 was more common in ABC cases and was associated with a dismal outcome. In conclusion, to determine COO both by IHC and GEP is the strongest outcome predictor to identify DLBCL patients with the worst outcome.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Alffram, Per-Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Implantation of the Femoral Stem into a Bed of Titanium Granules Using Vibration: A pilot study of a new method for prosthetic fixation in 5 patients followed for up to 15 years
- 2007
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Ingår i: Uppsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734. ; 112:2, s. 183-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes a new method for the fixation of titanium hip stem prostheses based on interdigitation of irregularly shaped porous titanium granules onto bone tissue. The granules were distributed into the prepared femoral cavity using a vibrating tool, and the stem was vibrated and tapped into the bed of granules. In this pilot study, 5 patients were followed between 9 and 15 years. The clinical results were excellent and the prostheses remained stable. Autopsy (one specimen) and computer tomography (three patients) show that the granules become incorporated by bone ingrowth.
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| 39. |
- Alim, Abdul, 1983-
(författare)
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Mechanisms in Tendon Healing : Pain, Biomarkers and the Role of Mast Cells
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tendon injuries and tendinopathy are common disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The overall aim of this thesis was to better understand the mechanisms underlying tendon healing, pain, and inflammation.The aim of the first study was to assess biomarkers of tendon healing, including procollagen type I (PINP) and type III (PIIINP) in relation to patient outcome in 65 patients with Achilles tendon rupture (ATR). At two weeks post-ATR, PINP and PIIINP-levels were quantified using microdialysis followed by ELISA. At one-year post-ATR patient outcome was assessed using the validated Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score. We found that higher ratio of PINP and PIIINP to total protein were significantly associated with less pain but more fatigue in the affected limb.In the second study, we applied Intermittent Pneumatic Compression (IPC) therapy for two weeks to stimulate tendon healing. The patients received either adjuvant IPC treatment or treatment-as-usual in a plaster cast without IPC. We observed that IPC therapy significantly increased PINP levels in the injured tendon, suggesting enhanced healing response.In our third study, we investigated healing response and the role of mast cells (MCs) in-vivo using an ATR rat model. Three weeks postoperatively, we demonstrated an increased number of MCs and a higher proportion of degranulated MCs in the injured tendon compared to the control. We further established that MCs in the injured tendon were positive for the glutamate receptor NMDAR1.In our final study, we assessed the effect of glutamate stimulation on in-vitro-derived mouse bone marrow MCs. Mast cell degranulation was quantified through β-hexosaminidase release, immunofluorescence was used to quantify NMDARs at the protein level, and RT-qPCR/microarray was used to study the expression of NMDARs and associated genes. Glutamate induced a robust upregulation of glutamate receptors of both ionotropic and metabotropic type, both at the mRNA and at protein level. NMDAR1 co-localized with glutamate in the membrane of MCs, thereby confirming an interaction between glutamate and its receptor. Glutamate also induced expression of pro-inflammatory compounds such as IL-6 and CCL2 and transcription factors such as Egr2, Egr3 and FosB. Moreover, the NMDA-channel blocker MK-801 completely abrogated the response of MCs to glutamate, supporting a functional glutamate–glutamate receptor axis in MCs.Together, findings presented in this dissertation reveal possible mechanisms of tendon healing in relation to pain and function, and establish a novel principle for how immune cells can communicate with nerve cells after ATR.
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| 40. |
- Alling, Vanja, et al.
(författare)
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Non-conservative behavior of dissolved organic carbon across the Laptev and East Siberian Seas
- 2010
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Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 24, s. GB4033-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is expected to have a strong effect on the Eastern Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) region, which includes 40% of the Arctic shelves and comprises the Laptev and East Siberian seas. The largest organic carbon pool, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), may change significantly due to changes in both riverine inputs and transformation rates; however, the present DOC inventories and transformation patterns are poorly understood. Using samples from the International Siberian Shelf Study 2008, this study examines for the first time DOC removal in Arctic shelf waters with residence times that range from months to years. Removals of up to 10%–20% were found in the Lena River estuary, consistent with earlier studies in this area, where surface waters were shown to have a residence time of approximately 2 months. In contrast, the DOC concentrations showed a strong nonconservative pattern in areas with freshwater residence times of several years. The average losses of DOC were estimated to be 30%–50% during mixing along the shelf, corresponding to a first-order removal rate constant of 0.3 yr−1. These data provide the first observational evidence for losses of DOC in the Arctic shelf seas, and the calculated DOC deficit reflects DOC losses that are higher than recent model estimates for the region. Overall, a large proportion of riverine DOC is removed from the surface waters across the Arctic shelves. Such significant losses must be included in models of the carbon cycle for the Arctic Ocean, especially since the breakdown of terrestrial DOC to CO2 in Arctic shelf seas may constitute a positive feedback mechanism for Arctic climate warming. These data also provide a baseline for considering the effects of future changes in carbon fluxes, as the vast northern carbon-rich permafrost areas draining into the Arctic are affected by global warming.
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| 41. |
- Andersson, Alf, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental evaluation of strains in the tension-compression using a new tool geometry, X-Die
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-0136. ; 200:1-3, s. 1-11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sheet-metal forming involves a complex distribution of strains throughout the part. The strains occur due to tension, compression and a mix of both. A geometry has been developed, the X-Die, in order to gain insight into the strain behavior of different materials. The X-Die enables strain paths far into the tension-compression region, thus creating the possibility to extend the experimental base both for definition and for further extrapolation of the forming limit curve (FLC) in the tension-compression region, as well as to evaluate FE-simulation results for the same region. The experimental results show that the strain signature is impacted by material quality. In qualities such as extra high strength steel (EHSS) and aluminum the strains do not reach as far into the tension-compression region as the strains do in e.g. mild steel. This is due to failure in plane strain tension. Strain paths in materials such as mild steel and high strength steel (HSS) reach far into the tension-compression region before failure. Use of the X-Die provides possibilities to reach farther into the tension-compression region compared with traditional test methods for creating a forming limit diagram (FLD). Use of the X-Die yields well-defined strain signatures. These clearly defined strain signatures are favorable for comparison with numerical simulations, especially for strain signatures in the tension-compression region. Furthermore, the experiments using the X-Die indicate that a possible additional forming limit curve, which intersects the original forming limit curve (shear failure), exists so far into the tension-compression region that it is not applicable. Even though the experiments indicate compression strains > 100% (material DX56D), the experiments show potential for an experimentally determined extrapolation of the FLC up to similar to 75% compression strain. The results of the experiments indicate that the X-Die geometry is suitable as a supplementary tool in identifying the strain behavior of different materials far into the tension-compression region and is also a good tool for verification of numerical results in the tension-compression region. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Andersson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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AhR agonist and genotoxicant bioavailability in a PAH-contaminated soil undergoing biological treatment
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 16:5, s. 521-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Degradation of the 16 US EPA priority PAHs in soil subjected to bioremediation is often achieved. However, the PAH loss is not always followed by a reduction in soil toxicity. For instance, bioanalytical testing of such soil using the chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) assay, measuring the combined effect of all Ah receptor (AhR) activating compounds, occasionally indicates that the loss of PAHs does not correlate with the loss of Ah receptor-active compounds in the soil. In addition, standard PAH analysis does not address the issue of total toxicant bioavailability in bioremediated soil.To address these questions, we have used the CALUX AhR agonist bioassay and the Comet genotoxicity bioassay with RTL-W1 cells to evaluate the toxic potential of different extracts from a PAH-contaminated soil undergoing large-scale bioremediation. The extracts were also chemically analyzed for PAH16 and PCDD/PCDF. Soil sampled on five occasions between day 0 and day 274 of biological treatment was shaken with n-butanol with vortex mixing at room temperature to determine the bioavailable fraction of contaminants. To establish total concentrations, parts of the same samples were extracted using an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) with toluene at 100A degrees C. The extracts were tested as inducers of AhR-dependent luciferase activity in the CALUX assay and for DNA breakage potential in the Comet bioassay.The chemical analysis of the toluene extracts indicated slow degradation rates and the CALUX assay indicated high levels of AhR agonists in the same extracts. Compared to day 0, the bioavailable fractions showed no decrease in AhR agonist activity during the treatment but rather an up-going trend, which was supported by increasing levels of PAHs and an increased effect in the Comet bioassay after 274 days. The bio-TEQs calculated using the CALUX assay were higher than the TEQs calculated from chemical analysis in both extracts, indicating that there are additional toxic PAHs in both extracts that are not included in the chemically derived TEQ.The response in the CALUX and the Comet bioassays as well as the chemical analysis indicate that the soil might be more toxic to organisms living in soil after 274 days of treatment than in the untreated soil, due to the release of previously sorbed PAHs and possibly also metabolic formation of novel toxicants.Our results put focus on the issue of slow degradation rates and bioavailability of PAHs during large-scale bioremediation treatments. The release of sorbed PAHs at the investigated PAH-contaminated site seemed to be faster than the degradation rate, which demonstrates the importance of considering the bioavailable fraction of contaminants during a bioremediation process.It has to be ensured that soft remediation methods like biodegradation or the natural remediation approach do not result in the mobilization of toxic compounds including more mobile degradation products. For PAH-contaminated sites this cannot be assured merely by monitoring the 16 target PAHs. The combined use of a battery of biotests for different types of PAH effects such as the CALUX and the Comet assay together with bioavailability extraction methods may be a useful screening tool of bioremediation processes of PAH-contaminated soil and contribute to a more accurate risk assessment. If the bioremediation causes a release of bound PAHs that are left undegraded in an easily extracted fraction, the soil may be more toxic to organisms living in the soil as a result of the treatment. A prolonged treatment time may be one way to reduce the risk of remaining mobile PAHs. In critical cases, the remediation concept might have to be changed to ex situ remediation methods.
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| 45. |
- Andersson Hagiwara, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A shorter system delay for haemorrhagic stroke than ischaemic stroke among patients who use emergency medical service
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 137:5, s. 523-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesWe compare various aspects in the early chain of care among patients with haemorrhagic stroke and ischaemic stroke. Materials & methodsThe Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and nine emergency hospitals, each with a stroke unit, were included. All patients hospitalised with a first and a final diagnosis of stroke between 15 December 2010 and 15 April 2011 were included. The primary endpoint was the system delay (from call to the EMS until diagnosis). Secondary endpoints were: (i) use of the EMS, (ii) delay from symptom onset until call to the EMS; (iii) priority at the dispatch centre; (iv) priority by the EMS; and (v) suspicion of stroke by the EMS nurse and physician on admission to hospital. ResultsOf 1336 patients, 172 (13%) had a haemorrhagic stroke. The delay from call to the EMS until diagnosis was significantly shorter in haemorrhagic stroke. The patient's decision time was significantly shorter in haemorrhagic stroke. The priority level at the dispatch centre did not differ between the two groups, whereas the EMS nurse gave a significantly higher priority to patients with haemorrhage. There was no significant difference between groups with regard to the suspicion of stroke either by the EMS nurse or by the physician on admission to hospital. ConclusionsPatients with a haemorrhagic stroke differed from other stroke patients with a more frequent and rapid activation of EMS.
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| 46. |
- Andersson Hagiwara, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring participants’ immersion in healthcare simulation : the development of an instrument
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Simulation. - : BioMed Central. - 2059-0628. ; 2016:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundImmersion is important for simulation-based education; however, questionnaire-based instruments to measure immersion have some limitations. The aim of the present work is to develop a new instrument to measure immersion among participants in healthcare simulation scenarios.MethodsThe instrument was developed in four phases: trigger identification, content validity scores, inter-rater reliability analysis and comparison with an existing immersion measure instrument. A modified Delphi process was used to develop the instrument and to establish validity and reliability. The expert panel consisted of 10 researchers. All the researchers in the team had previous experience of simulation in the health and/or fire and rescue services as researchers and/or educators and simulation designers. To identify triggers, the panel members independently screened video recordings from simulation scenarios. Here, a trigger is an event in a simulation that is considered a sign of reduced or enhanced immersion among simulation participants.ResultsThe result consists of the Immersion Score Rating Instrument (ISRI). It contains 10 triggers, of which seven indicate reduced and three enhanced immersion. When using ISRI, a rater identifies trigger occurrences and assigns them strength between 1 and 3. The content validity analysis shows that all the 10 triggers meet an acceptable content validity index for items (I-CVI) standard. The inter-rater reliability (IRR) among raters was assessed using a two-way mixed, consistency, average-measures intra-class correlation (ICC). The ICC for the difference between weighted positive and negative triggers was 0.92, which indicates that the raters are in agreement. Comparison with results from an immersion questionnaire mirrors the ISRI results.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we present a novel and non-intrusive instrument for identifying and rating the level of immersion among participants in healthcare simulation scenarios.
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| 48. |
- Andersson K, Pernille
(författare)
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Changing the servicescape : The influence of music and self-disclosure on approach-avoidance behavior
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and understand the effect of a servicescape’s ambient and social conditions on consumers’ Approach/Avoidance behavior in a retail context. More specifically, this thesis investigates the effect of music (ambient stimuli) and employees’ self-disclosure (social stimuli) on consumers’ Approach/Avoidance behavior in a retail store. Paper I comprised two experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the influence of the independent variable No music/Music. Likewise, experiment 2 studied the influence of the independent variable No music/Slow-tempo music/Fast-tempo music. The dependent variables in both experiments were pleasure, arousal, and the resulting Approach/Avoidance behavior. Paper II investigated the influence of the independent variable self-disclosure. The dependent variables were Approach/Avoidance behavior, measured by pleasure, arousal, liking, satisfaction, and reciprocity. The conclusions of this thesis are that both ambient and social stimuli in a servicescape affect consumers’ internal responses, which in turn affect their behavior. Depending on the situation (type of purchase), retail (bank, supermarket, or electronic retail store), and stimuli (ambient or social), the internal and behavioral responses are different.
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| 49. |
- Andersson, Lars Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Folkbildning och avantgarde - tidskriften Filmfront 1953 - 1956
- 2007
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Ingår i: Då och där, här och nu. Festskrift till Ingemar Oscarsson (Absalon - Skrifter utgivna vid Språk- och litteraturcentrum/Litteraturvetenskap). ; , s. 245-257
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A short account of the Swedish film journal "Filmfront" and its connections to the experimental film movement and individuals like Peter Weiss.
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