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Sökning: WFRF:(Andersson Rasmus)

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1.
  • Malyshev, Dmitry, et al. (författare)
  • Laser induced degradation of bacterial spores during micro-Raman spectroscopy
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 265
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with optical tweezers is a powerful method to analyze how the biochemical composition and molecular structures of individual biological objects change with time. In this work we investigate laser induced effects in the trapped object. Bacillus thuringiensis spores, which are robust organisms known for their resilience to light, heat, and chemicals are used for this study. We trap spores and monitor the Raman peak from CaDPA (calcium dipicolinic acid), which is a chemical protecting the spore core. We see a correlation between the amount of laser power used in the trap and the release of CaDPA from the spore. At a laser power of 5 mW, the CaDPA from spores in water suspension remain intact over the 90 min experiment, however, at higher laser powers an induced effect could be observed. SEM images of laser exposed spores (after loss of CaDPA Raman peak was confirmed) show a notable alteration of the spores' structure. Our Raman data indicates that the median dose exposure to lose the CaDPA peak was ∼60 J at 808 nm. For decontaminated/deactivated spores, i.e., treated in sodium hypochlorite or peracetic acid solutions, the sensitivity on laser power is even more pronounced and different behavior could be observed on spores treated by the two chemicals. Importantly, the observed effect is most likely photochemical since the increase of the spore temperature is in the order of 0.1 K as suggested by our numerical multiphysics model. Our results show that care must be taken when using micro-Raman spectroscopy on biological objects since photoinduced effects may substantially affect the results.
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2.
  • Malyshev, Dmitry, et al. (författare)
  • pH induced changes in Raman, UV-Vis absorbance, and fluorescence spectra of dipicolinic acid (DPA)
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 271
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is an essential component for the protection of DNA in bacterial endospores and is often used as a biomarker for spore detection. Depending upon the pH of the solution, DPA exists in different ionic forms. Therefore, it is important to understand how these ionic forms influence spectroscopic response. In this work, we characterize Raman and absorption spectra of DPA in a pH range of 2.0–10.5. We show that the ring breathing mode Raman peak of DPA shifts from 1003 cm−1 to 1017 cm−1 and then to 1000 cm−1 as pH increases from 2 to 5. The relative peak intensities related to the different ionic forms of DPA are used to experimentally derive the pKa values (2.3 and 4.8). We observe using UV–vis spectroscopy that the changes in the absorption spectrum of DPA as a function of pH correlate with the changes observed in Raman spectroscopy, and the same pKa values are verified. Lastly, using fluorescence spectroscopy and exciting a DPA solution at between 210–330 nm, we observe a shift in fluorescence emission from 375 nm to 425 nm between pH 2 and pH 6 when exciting at 320 nm. Our work shows that the different spectral responses from the three ionic forms of DPA may have to be taken into account in, e.g., spectral analysis and for detection applications.
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3.
  • Öberg, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Characterization of carfentanil and thiofentanil using surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy and density functional theory
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0377-0486 .- 1097-4555. ; 55:4, s. 481-492
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fentanyls are synthetic opioids up to 10,000 times more potent than morphine. Although initially developed for medical applications, fentanyl and its analogues have recently grown synonymous with the ongoing opioid epidemic. To combat the continued spread of these substances, there is a need for rapid and sensitive techniques for chemical detection. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has the potential for trace detection of harmful chemical substances. However, vibrational spectra obtained by SERS often differ between SERS substrates, as well as compared with spectra from normal Raman (NR) spectroscopy. Herein, SERS and NR responses from two fentanyl analogues, carfentanil (CF) and thiofentanil (TF), were measured and analysed with support from density functional theory (DFT) modelling. Using commercially available silver nanopillar SERS substrates, the SERS signatures of samples diluted in acetonitrile between 0.01 and 1000 µg/mL were studied. Relative SERS peak intensities measured in the range of 220–1800 cm−1 vary with concentration, while SERS and NR spectra largely agree for CF at higher concentrations ((Formula presented.) 100 µg/mL). For TF, three distinct NR peaks at 262, 366 and 667 cm−1 are absent or strongly suppressed in the SERS spectrum, attributed to the lone-pair electrons of the thiophene's sulphur atom binding to the Ag surface. The concentration dependence of the Raman peak at (Formula presented.) 1000 cm−1, assigned to trigonal bending of the phenyl ring, approximately follows a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. This work elucidates similarities and differences between SERS and NR in fentanyl detection and discusses the chemical rationale behind these differences.
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4.
  • Öberg, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • UV-induced spectral and morphological changes in bacterial spores for inactivation assessment
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 128:7, s. 1638-1646
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The ability to detect and inactivate spore-forming bacteria is of significance within, for example, industrial, healthcare, and defense sectors. Not only are stringent protocols necessary for the inactivation of spores but robust procedures are also required to detect viable spores after an inactivation assay to evaluate the procedure’s success. UV radiation is a standard procedure to inactivate spores. However, there is limited understanding regarding its impact on spores’ spectral and morphological characteristics. A further insight into these UV-induced changes can significantly improve the design of spore decontamination procedures and verification assays. This work investigates the spectral and morphological changes to Bacillus thuringiensis spores after UV exposure. Using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy, we observe an exponential decay in the spectral intensity of amino acids and protein structures, as well as a logistic increase in dimerized DPA with increased UV exposure on bulk spore suspensions. Additionally, using micro-Raman spectroscopy, we observe DPA release and protein degradation with increased UV exposure. More specifically, the protein backbone’s 1600–1700 cm–1 amide I band decays slower than other amino acid-based structures. Last, using electron microscopy and light scattering measurements, we observe shriveling of the spore bodies with increased UV radiation, alongside the leaking of core content and disruption of proteinaceous coat and exosporium layers. Overall, this work utilized spectroscopy and electron microscopy techniques to gain new understanding of UV-induced spore inactivation relating to spore degradation and CaDPA release. The study also identified spectroscopic indicators that can be used to determine spore viability after inactivation. These findings have practical applications in the development of new spore decontamination and inactivation validation methods.
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7.
  • Andersson, Kent, 1967-, et al. (författare)
  • Introduktion till Operationsanalys : En antologi med essäer av studerande i militärteknik 2011
  • 2012
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I ämnesplanen definieras militärteknik som ”den vetenskap som beskriver och förklarar hur tekniken inverkar på militär verksamhet på alla nivåer, strategisk, operativ och taktisk, samt hur officersprofessionen påverkar och påverkas av tekniken.”[1]  En militärteknikers uppgift brukar, utgående från definitionen, uttryckas som att beskriva och förklara den militära nyttan med tekniken. För att kunna göra detta behövs verktyg. Och många av dem kommer från den vetenskapliga disciplinen Operationsanalys.Syftet med den här antologin är att introducera studerande i militärteknik på Försvarshögskolan till två av de mest refererade boktitlarna i operationsanalys – Methods for conducting military operational analysis editerad av Andrew G. Loerch och Larry B. Rainey samt Military Operations Research, quantitative decision making av N.K. Jaiswal.Kapitlen utgörs av essäer skrivna av studerande på den högre stabsofficersutbildningen med teknisk inriktning, som examinationsuppgift i en fördjupningskurs. Essäerna är till del referat av kapitel i de två böckerna ovan, men kryddade med exempel satta i svenskt sammanhang och med de studerandes egen värdering av metodernas användbarhet.[1]Försvarshögskolan, Ämnesplan militärteknik, 2007.
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8.
  • Andersson, Mats, et al. (författare)
  • Laser spectroscopy of gas in scattering media at scales ranging from kilometers to millimeters
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Laser Physics. - 1054-660X. ; 17:7, s. 893-902
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Free gases are characterized by their narrow line width, and they can conveniently be studied by laser spectroscopy. The present paper discusses the monitoring of such ambient pressure gases, which are dispersed in scattering media such as aerosol-laden atmospheres, solids, or liquids. Atmospheric work basically constitutes the well-known field of differential absorption lidar (DIAL), while the study of free gas in solids and liquids was initiated more recently under the name of GASMAS (GAs in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy). We discuss the connections between the two techniques, which are extensively used in our labortory. Thus, we span the field from trace-gas mapping of gases in the lower atmosphere to gas studies in construction materials, food products, and the human body. We show that the basic ideas are very similar, while the spatial and temporal scales vary greatly.
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10.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • CHAMPION: Chalmers hierarchical atomic, molecular, polymeric and ionic analysis toolkit
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Computational Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0192-8651 .- 1096-987X. ; 42:23, s. 1632-1642
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present CHAMPION (Chalmers hierarchical atomic, molecular, polymeric, and ionic analysis toolkit): a software developed to automatically detect time-dependent bonds between atoms based on their dynamics, classify the local graph topology around them, and analyze the physicochemical properties of these topologies by statistical physics. In stark contrast to methodologies where bonds are detected based on static conditions such as cut-off distances, CHAMPION considers pairs of atoms to be bound only if they move together and act as a bound pair over time. Furthermore, the time-dependent global bond graph is possible to split into dynamically shifting connected components or subgraphs around a certain chemical motif and thereby allow the physicochemical properties of each such topology to be analyzed by statistical physics. Applicable to condensed matter and liquids in general, and electrolytes in particular, this allows both quantitative and qualitative descriptions of local structure, as well as dynamical processes such as speciation and diffusion. We present here a detailed overview of CHAMPION, including its underlying methodology, implementation, and capabilities.
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12.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Dialogic book reading within Swedish preschool : Introduction of new, intensive reading practices within preschool may impact the social climate. Preliminary data of child self assessment of well-being
  • 2020
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This project is introducing DBR in the Swedish preschool context through a switching replications design. The participating teachers (n=10) are recruited from a collaborative network, ILTI as well as special educators (n=3) whom is coaching and supporting the preschool teachers. The preschool teachers self-report each reading session, including performed dialogic reading techniques and deviances from manual. The DBR is delivered in small group setting (3-8 children) five times a week, for five consecutive weeks. Selected target words within study consists of tier-2 words, particularly useful because of their general language utility (Beck, McKeown , & Kucan , 2013). The introduction of intensive reading practices within preschool may impact the social climate and child well-being. In order to assess child well-being a brittish questionnaire, How I Feel About My School (HIFAMS, Allen et al., 2017) is used. The HIFAMS is developed by Tamsin Ford et al. (2012) and not previously used in Sweden. Preliminary results indicate no gender differences at baseline and psychometric properties in line with previous results from UK (Allen et al., 2017).This study is part of first author’s PhD thesis in the Research School in Special Education on Early Interventions in Early Childhood Education (Swedish Research Council 2017-03683). 
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13.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, 1990 (författare)
  • Dynamic Structure Discovery and Ion Transport in Liquid Battery Electrolytes
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The lithium-ion battery (LIB), the realisation of which earned the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019, has since its 1991 commercialisation become the dominant energy storage technology first for cell phones and other mobile electronics, then for power tools and other domestic appliances, and currently for electric cars and other vehicles. However, many applications would still benefit from higher power and energy densities, longer life-lengths and safer batteries. Such improvements would for example accelerate the electrification of transport, lower the pollution and the greenhouse gas emissions. Electrolytes are extremely crucial for the operation of the LIBs, yet they have so far changed surprisingly little the last 25 years. Further improvement can be made by novel electrolyte concepts. Highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) may enable higher energy and power densities, as well as improved thermal, chemical and electrochemical stabilities as compared to the current state-of-the-art, while also being more flexible in their composition. They also have more complex structures and ion transport mechanisms. I here present a novel method for studying both more standard electrolytes and HCEs by analysing molecular dynamics simulation trajectories. This method automatically detects the time-dependent structures present and characterises them by statistical physics, giving an extraordinarily detailed view of the structure and dynamics. I describe the theory and implementation of this method as well as its application to several HCEs and the ubiquitous LP30 electrolyte. These studies enhance the picture of ion transport conveyed previously and future application should add substantially to the design of battery electrolytes and beyond. The lithium-ion battery (LIB), the realisation of which earned the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019, has since its 1991 commercialisation become the dominant energy storage technology first for cell phones and other mobile electronics, then for power tools and other domestic appliances, and currently for electric cars and other vehicles. However, many applications would still benefit from higher power and energy densities, longer life-lengths and safer batteries. Such improvements would for example accelerate the electrification of transport, lower the pollution and the greenhouse gas emissions. Electrolytes are extremely crucial for the operation of the LIBs, yet they have so far changed surprisingly little the last 25 years. Further improvement can be made by novel electrolyte concepts. Highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) may enable higher energy and power densities, as well as improved thermal, chemical and electrochemical stabilities as compared to the current state-of-the-art, while also being more flexible in their composition. They also have more complex structures and ion transport mechanisms. I here present a novel method for studying both more standard electrolytes and HCEs by analysing molecular dynamics simulation trajectories. This method automatically detects the time-dependent structures present and characterises them by statistical physics, giving an extraordinarily detailed view of the structure and dynamics. I describe the theory and implementation of this method as well as its application to several HCEs and the ubiquitous LP30 electrolyte. These studies enhance the picture of ion transport conveyed previously and future application should add substantially to the design of battery electrolytes and beyond.
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14.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamic Structure Discovery Applied to the Ion Transport in the Ubiquitous Lithium-ion Battery Electrolyte LP30
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; 169:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The electrolytes of the today omnipresent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have for more than 25 years been based upon 1 M LiPF6 in a 50:50 EC:DMC mixture-commonly known as LP30. The success of the basic design of the LP30 electrolyte, with many variations and additions made over the years, is unchallenged. Yet, some molecular level fundamentals of LP30 are surprisingly elusive: the structure of the first solvation shell of the Li+ cation is still a topic of current debate; the details of the dynamics are not fully understood; the interpretation of structural and dynamic properties is highly dependent on the analysis methods used; the contributions by different species to the ion transport and the energetics involved are not established. We here apply dynamic structure discovery analysis as implemented in CHAMPION to molecular dynamics simulation trajectories to bring new light on the structure and dynamics within LP30 and especially the (Li+) ion transport to rationalize further development of LIB electrolytes.
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17.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of a temperature model for an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for parallel hybrid electric heavy vehicles
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: 2016 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, SPEEDAM 2016. - 9781509020676 ; , s. 419-424
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a simulation model of the temperature's influence on the electromagnetic characteristics of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM). Simulation results of an IPMSM traction machine is presented, and experimental measurements verify the accuracy of the model; no load measurements provide the induced voltage as function of temperature and dynamic tests evaluate the machine under load for four different temperatures. The simulations and experimental test results show good match concerning the temperatures influence on the linked magnetic d flux, which is directly related to the flux from the permanent magnets. Furthermore, both simulations and experimental tests show that the linked magnetic q flux is almost unaffected by changes in the machine temperature, and that the torque decreases slightly when the temperature rise.
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18.
  • Andersson, Rasmus (författare)
  • Evaluation of two hydrocyclone designs for pulp fractionation
  • 2010
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The process conditions and fractionation efficiency of two hydrocyclone designs, a novel and a conventional conical design, were evaluated. The novel design comprised a modified inlet section, where the pulp suspension had to pass a narrow ring-shaped opening, and a very compact fractionation zone. The influence of feed concentration and fine fraction mass ratio was studied. The trials were performed with never-dried, unrefined bleached chemical softwood pulp. Fractionation efficiency was evaluated in terms of change of surface roughness of handsheets made out of the fractions and the feed pulp respectively.The fractionation efficiency increased considerably with decreasing fine fraction mass ratio, especially at higher feed concentrations. This finding prompted a hypothesis on the existence of a radial gradient in the composition of the suspension inside the novel hydrocyclone. Using the novel hydrocyclone in a feed-forward fractionation system would therefore prove to be more favourable as a larger total fine fraction of better properties can be obtained. A three-stage feed-forward fractionation system was evaluated in laboratory scale. Here, it was indeed possible to extract fine fractions with improved surface properties in each of the three consecutive stages. All three fine fractions had about the same surface roughness.The fractionation performance of the novel design was benchmarked against that of a conventional, best available technology (BAT) design. In terms of fractionation efficiency, the BAT design performed better. However, the fractions produced with the novel hydrocyclone had a much smaller difference in concentration, implying a much less pronounced enrichment of fines in the fine fraction. It is unclear, to what extent the lower share of latewood fibres and the increased fines content, respectively, contributed to the improved surface roughness of the fine fractions. However, it is clear that the lower enrichment of fines in the novel hydrocyclone makes it easier to install it in industrial applications without a need for auxiliary equipment to redistribute large water flows. 
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19.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Ion Transport Mechanisms via Time-Dependent Local Structure and Dynamics in Highly Concentrated Electrolytes
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; 167:14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) are attracting interest as safer and more stable alternatives to current lithium-ion battery electrolytes, but their structure, solvation dynamics and ion transport mechanisms are arguably more complex. We here present a novel general method for analyzing both the structure and the dynamics, and ultimately the ion transport mechanism(s), of electrolytes including HCEs. This is based on automated detection of bonds, both covalent and coordination bonds, including how they dynamically change, in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation trajectories. We thereafter classify distinct local structures by their bond topology and characterize their physicochemical properties by statistical mechanics, giving both a qualitative and quantitative description of the structure, solvation and coordination dynamics, and ion transport mechanism(s). We demonstrate the method by in detail analyzing an ab initio MD simulation trajectory of an HCE consisting of the LiTFSI salt dissolved in acetonitrile at a 1:2 molar ratio. We find this electrolyte to form a flexible percolating network which limits vehicular ion transport but enables the Li+ ions to move between different TFSI coordination sites along with their first solvation shells. In contrast, the TFSI anions are immobilized in the network, but often free to rotate which further facilitates the Li+ hopping mechanism.Highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) are attracting interest as safer and more stable alternatives to current lithium-ion battery electrolytes, but their structure, solvation dynamics and ion transport mechanisms are arguably more complex. We here present a novel general method for analyzing both the structure and the dynamics, and ultimately the ion transport mechanism(s), of electrolytes including HCEs. This is based on automated detection of bonds, both covalent and coordination bonds, including how they dynamically change, in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation trajectories. We thereafter classify distinct local structures by their bond topology and characterize their physicochemical properties by statistical mechanics, giving both a qualitative and quantitative description of the structure, solvation and coordination dynamics, and ion transport mechanism(s). We demonstrate the method by in detail analyzing an ab initio MD simulation trajectory of an HCE consisting of the LiTFSI salt dissolved in acetonitrile at a 1:2 molar ratio. We find this electrolyte to form a flexible percolating network which limits vehicular ion transport but enables the Li+ ions to move between different TFSI coordination sites along with their first solvation shells. In contrast, the TFSI anions are immobilized in the network, but often free to rotate which further facilitates the Li+ hopping mechanism. Highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) are attracting interest as safer and more stable alternatives to current lithium-ion battery electrolytes, but their structure, solvation dynamics and ion transport mechanisms are arguably more complex. We here present a novel general method for analyzing both the structure and the dynamics, and ultimately the ion transport mechanism(s), of electrolytes including HCEs. This is based on automated detection of bonds, both covalent and coordination bonds, including how they dynamically change, in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation trajectories. We thereafter classify distinct local structures by their bond topology and characterize their physicochemical properties by statistical mechanics, giving both a qualitative and quantitative description of the structure, solvation and coordination dynamics, and ion transport mechanism(s). We demonstrate the method by in detail analyzing an ab initio MD simulation trajectory of an HCE consisting of the LiTFSI salt dissolved in acetonitrile at a 1:2 molar ratio. We find this electrolyte to form a flexible percolating network which limits vehicular ion transport but enables the Li+ ions to move between different TFSI coordination sites along with their first solvation shells. In contrast, the TFSI anions are immobilized in the network, but often free to rotate which further facilitates the Li+ hopping mechanism.
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20.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Klimat- och energieffekter vid renoverings- och ombyggnadsprojekt : Stöd för utvärdering och beslut baserat på sammantagna klimatmässiga effekter
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Byggnaders klimatpåverkan har lyfts fram mer och mer under de senaste decennierna. Med en större förståelse för en byggnads klimatpåverkan har det inom nyproduktion blivit enklare att sätta mål för att minska byggskedets klimatpåverkan. Detta baserat på mer kunskap och erfarenhet från genomförda klimatberäkningar samt större tillgång till offentliga resultat för såväl typiska som mer innovativa byggprojekt. För klimatpåverkan från renoverings- och ombyggnationsprojekt är kunskapsläget lägre än för nyproduktion. Livscykelanalyser och klimatberäkningar är inte lika vanliga och det saknas tillgång till offentliga resultat att jämföra sig med. Då renoverings- och ombyggnationsprojekt även innebär utsläpp av växthusgaser finns här ett behov av ökad kunskap.Vid renovering och ombyggnation är det inte ovanligt att en byggnads energiprestanda förändras som följd av projektet. Den förändrade energianvändningen resulterar i lägre eller högre klimatutsläpp under kommande drift. Byggnadens energianvändning blir därmed en viktig parameter vid bedömning av klimatnyttan av ett renoverings- eller ombyggnationsprojekt. För att fatta bra klimatbeslut och bättre kunna beakta klimatpåverkan vid renoverings- och ombyggnationsprojekt behöver kunskapen öka. Denna rapport avser att bidra till denna kunskapsökning bland annat genom publicering av resultat från genomförda klimatberäkningar. Detta tillsammans med ökad kunskap om hur förändrad energianvändning kan inkluderas vid bedömning av genomförda åtgärder. 
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21.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Klimatberäkning av byggprojekt med mål att nå klimatneutralitet : Lärdomar och erfarenheter från kunskapshöjande insatser för byggaktörer inom Lokal Färdplan Malmö 2030
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Inom Lokal Färdplan Malmö 2030 (LFM30) utvecklas en metod för att definiera och beräkna klimatneutrala och klimatpositiva byggnader sett till byggnadernas hela livscykel. Som del av metodutvecklingen och att förbereda marknaden för att tillämpa metoden har IVL i samarbete med LFM30 genomfört kunskapshöjande insatser riktade åt LFM30:s aktörer.Insatserna har bestått utav en blandning av utbildningar om beräkningsverktyg och metodik, individuellt beräkningsstöd samt större erfarenhetsseminarier med bland annat pilotexempel och generella slutsatser utifrån kontakten med aktörerna. Vi har också genomfört en fördjupad studie kring hinder och möjligheter med att bygga klimateffektivt i en pilot med betongstomme där vi följde upp beräkningar med en fokusgruppintervju med personer som jobbat i olika funktioner i projektet.Vi har strukturerat våra insatser och tillfällen för återkoppling i huvudsak kring beräkningar av byggskedets klimatpåverkan och förbättringsåtgärder för att nå målnivåer, men vi har även introducerat preliminära beräkningssätt och verktyg för drift- och återbetalningsberäkningar.
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22.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Koncept för automatisk klimatkalkyl i etablerade programvaror inom fastighet - Pilotexempel för byggnadsskadekalkyler
  • 2023
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Detta projekt och denna rapport visar hur klimatkalkyl kan integreras som funktion i befintliga programvaror genom egna klimatdatabaser och digital kommunikation mellan programvaror. Vi har som specifikt exempel tittat på programvaran MEPS som är frekvent använd av försäkringsbranschen för ekonomiska kalkyler idag, och som har kopplats mot Byggsektorns Resurshubb (Resurshubben), en programvara med klimatdatabaser för byggmaterial och byggresurser.Huvudsyftet med projektet är att bidra till liknande lösningar inom andra verksamheter och programvaror, framför allt inom fastighetsbranschen.Sådana lösningar kan tillämpas både för löpande klimatkalkylering i de aktuella verksamheterna och för att ge data- och resultatunderlag till fördjupade akademiska studier. För försäkringsbolagens del kan lösningen bidra till möjligheten att sätta långsiktiga mål för minskad klimatpåverkan kopplade till skadeärenden. Den kan också specifikt bidra till bättre argument för reparation i stället för utbyte till nytt, där bevarande normalt ger lägre klimatpåverkan. Vidare kan den ge stöd till dialog med branscher och materialleverantörer som har hög klimatpåverkan.Konceptet som projektet visar för att integrera automatisk klimatkalkyl i en verksamhet är i korta drag att:• en verksamhets material och produkter kan kopplas (”mappas”) mot generiska LCA-databaser; • mappningen kan göras för grupper av likartade material och produkter; • en egen klimatdatabas för verksamheten med klimatvärden för respektive material-/produktgrupp kan skapas utifrån mappningen;• klimatvärdena kan enkelt fortsätta hållas aktuella, vid exempelvis uppdateringar av de generiska LCA-databaserna. Detta görs genom den lagrade mappning som gjorts mot dessa LCA-databaser och en inladdningsfunktion som momentant kan överföra aktuella värden till verksamhetens klimatdatabas;• klimatvärdena kan kommuniceras från verksamhetens klimatdatabas till verksamhetens programvara.Klimatkalkyler för ärenden eller projekt kan därefter göras direkt i verksamhetens programvara då klimatvärden för aktuella grupper av material och produkter finns tillgängliga där.Materialleverantörer, materialhandlare och entreprenörsbolag inom bygg och fastighet är exempel på branscher som bör ha intresse och möjlighet att skapa liknande lösningar för klimatkalkyl. Intresset från kunder att kunna välja, besluta och beställa tjänster och produkter utifrån dess klimatpåverkan bör öka framåt. Alla verksamheter som bygger på användning, reparation eller även bevarande av material i den bebyggda miljön samt datasystem för det kan ha detta intresse. I takt med stärkta dataunderlag och kunskaper inom dessa verksamheter kan också nya möjligheter till forskningssamarbeten öppnas. Nya frågor att undersöka kan bli tydliga och nödvändiga data kan lättare tas fram.
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23.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Loss mapping of an Insert Permanent Magnets Synchronous Machine for parallel hybrid electric heavy vehicles
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Proceedings - 2016 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines, ICEM 2016. - 9781509025381 ; , s. 1847-1853
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper focuses on mapping the different losses present in an Insert Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM). The machine is designed as a traction machine according to the requirements of a parallel hybrid electric heavy vehicle. This includes a wide constant power range and overload capability, all to be fitted in a strictly limited space in the vehicle. In order to meet the requirements, the machine is designed with a speed higher than that of the conventional powertrain and connected via a fixed speed reduction. The electromagnetic power loss estimation is performed in the post processor of a 2D FE simulation tool. The outcome from the study compares the initial rough power loss calculation to extensive calculation in order to distinguish and separate different sources of power losses and correlate the characteristics to the measurements.
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24.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Minska klimatpåverkan i byggprojekt - Vägledning för byggaktörers kunskapsuppbyggnad kring klimatarbete i nyproduktion
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Genom att beskriva fem insatser för klimatberäkningar och klimatförbättrande åtgärder (förbered organisationen, planera och samla dataunderlag, beräkna klimatpåverkan, utvärdera och förbättra, återför erfarenheter), visar vi i denna vägledning hur man kan arbeta mer effektivt med lärande för klimateffektivt byggande.Insatserna baseras på erfarenheter från faktiska byggprojekt som arbetat med klimatberäkningar, klimatförbättrande åtgärder och erfarenhetsåterkoppling vid nyproduktion av byggnader, tillsammans med IVL, och inom ramen för Lokal Färdplan Malmö 2030 (LFM30). Under detta arbete såg vi att byggskedets klimatpåverkan ofta överstiger de målgränsvärden som är satta för LFM30.Klimatberäkningsresultaten kommer dessutom ofta i ett så pass sent projektskede att det är svårt att göra omfattande förändringar och förbättringar i det enskilda byggprojektet. Att arbeta med lärande och erfarenhetsåterföring inom organisationen och mellan projekt genom de fem insatserna är en strategi för att ändå åstadkomma förbättringar ur längre perspektiv.
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25.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Modular three-phase machines with laminated winding for hybrid vehicle application
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: 2nd International on Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC). - 9781467330077 ; , s. 318-324
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A design model development for electrical machines with laminated windings is presented. The focus is to provide manufacturable solutions for commercial vehicle traction applications. The machine is designed with axially distributed single-layer wave-winding segments with a core that builds a modular three-phase machine. The phase segment, whose central part is a wave-winding made as a laminated winding, form a semi-claw pole structure. A conventional permanent magnet synchronous machine is used as a reference. The result indicates that comparable torque and power can be reached with the suggested alternative design.
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26.
  • Andersson, Rasmus, 1990 (författare)
  • Novel Multi-Scale Modeling Framework for Structure and Transport in Complex Battery Electrolytes
  • 2018
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Affordable high energy rechargeable batteries are crucial for further electrification of the transport sector, which is necessary in order to contribute to limit our CO2 emissions to acceptable levels. While today’s lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have indeed initiated the electrification of the transportation section successfully, electric vehicles are still expensive and typically have ranges limited to ca. 100-500 km depending on price class. There are also safety concerns with LIBs and limited abundance of necessary materials why new chemistries, and especially new electrolytes, need to be explored. Emerging classes of electrolytes, such as highly concentrated electrolytes, have more complex structures than conventional electrolytes, with implications for the ion transport mechanism. This complexity necessitates a multi-scale modeling approach starting at the atomic level to gain further fundamental understanding. This thesis outlines a framework where ab initio molecular dynamics initially is used to simulate small periodic systems (∼100 - 1000 atoms) over relatively short time spans (∼1 ps) to obtain trajectories that subsequently are used to train the parameters of a classical force field by force matching. This optimization is performed over all parameters simultaneously by a genetic algorithm. The force fields developed are then used to simulate larger systems (∼1000 - 100 000 atoms) over longer time scales classically (∼1 ns - 1μs). The resulting trajectories are used to collect statistics for a hierarchical analysis, which resolves the structure in terms of dynamic clusters, and quantifies the life-time distribution, population dynamics, and transport properties of identified clusters and non-covalent bonds. The method is ultimately to be of general use to both qualitatively and quantitatively elucidate the ion transport mechanism in novel types of electrolytes as a function of composition.
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27.
  • Andersson, Rasmus (författare)
  • On the Design of Electric Traction Machines : Design and Analysis of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for Heavy Commercial Vehicles
  • 2019. - 1
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Recent years have proven the benefits of electrifying the road bound vehicle fleet. With new components entering, the general understanding as well as the components as such needs to be improved. Focus in the thesis is on the design of an electric machine based on specifications of requirements for a commercial heavy vehicle such as a truck or a bus. One strict requirement is that the machine has to fit in the vehicle without compromising the performance. Besides limitations on the size, this affects the power density and hence efficiency and cooling. Another characteristic of a traction machine is the difference between peak operation and average or continuous loading. Within the automotive sector, cost is also an important factor.Prior to the design work, pre-studies are used to acquire good understanding of the intended applications. The result is a space claim of ∅220 mm times 400 mm and a peak power of 180 kW. By designing the machine with a top speed of almost five times that of a conventional heavy duty engine, the required power levels are reached with less torque. As torque is proportional to size, the power demand is reached with a smaller and hence also less expensive machine. The design work is done in a two dimensional finite element environment partly developed at the division at Lund University. Main focus is on the limited space claim and requested peak power. Cooling is done with oil directed to the active parts of the machine. Prototype testing proves the machine to be capable of propelling a heavy commercial vehicle. Some in depth studies are also done on torque ripple in the skewed machine and on mapping of the losses.The thesis presents the thorough work on setting the requirements, designing, prototyping and testing an interior permanent magnet machine intended for propulsion of heavy commercial vehicles. Improvements implemented in the design tool is verified with measurements. A deeper study on the torque output from the skewed machine shows a load dependant influence with larger impact in the field weakening region. It is also found larger than expected from the analytical expression in relevant text books. The losses are mapped with main focus on the speed dependant parts. A review of how manufacturing processes and machine controls affect the iron losses is presented. The iron loss model is adapted based on test results. Losses in the windings and in the rotor are included in the study as well.
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28.
  • Andersson, Richard, et al. (författare)
  • Visually mediated valence effects in dialogue: an explorative study
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Lund University Cognitive Studies. - 1101-8453. ; 151, s. 1-16
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This is an exploratory study investigating potential effects of emotional valence in images and their influence on conversation in the presence of the images. We used latent-semantic analysis to generalize valence ratings of Swedish words to a corpus of spoken conversations. Each utterance in the conversation was given a valence rating, which represented how emotionally positive or emotionally negative the utterance was. We found no effects that indicate that valenced images have an effect on conversations. However, we find that valenced images in general, and positive images in particular, were considered more helpful by the participants who engaged in the conversations. Additionally, we find no results that interlocutors align over time in their use of valenced language.
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29.
  • Andersson, Rebecka, 1988, et al. (författare)
  • Well-based crystallization of lipidic cubic phase microcrystals for serial X-ray crystallography experiments.
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology. - 2059-7983. ; 75:Pt 10, s. 937-946
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Serial crystallography is having an increasing impact on structural biology. This emerging technique opens up new possibilities for studying protein structures at room temperature and investigating structural dynamics using time-resolved X-ray diffraction. A limitation of the method is the intrinsic need for large quantities of well ordered micrometre-sized crystals. Here, a method is presented to screen for conditions that produce microcrystals of membrane proteins in the lipidic cubic phase using a well-based crystallization approach. A key advantage over earlier approaches is that the progress of crystal formation can be easily monitored without interrupting the crystallization process. In addition, the protocol can be scaled up to efficiently produce large quantities of crystals for serial crystallography experiments. Using the well-based crystallization methodology, novel conditions for the growth of showers of microcrystals of three different membrane proteins have been developed. Diffraction data are also presented from the first user serial crystallography experiment performed at MAX IV Laboratory.
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30.
  • Banasik, Karina, et al. (författare)
  • The FOXO3A rs2802292 G-Allele Associates with Improved Peripheral and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity and Increased Skeletal Muscle-FOXO3A mRNA Expression in Twins.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 96, s. 119-124
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The minor G allele of FOXO3A rs2802292 has been associated with longevity. We aimed to investigate whether a phenotype related to healthy metabolic aging could be identified in individuals carrying the longevity-associated FOXO3A rs2802292 G allele. Research Design and Methods: rs2802292 was genotyped in a phenotypically well-characterized population of young and elderly twins (n = 190) and in the population-based Inter99 cohort (n = 5768). All participants underwent oral glucose tolerance tests, and the twin population was additionally examined with an iv glucose tolerance test and a hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp. Basal and insulin-stimulated FOXO3A mRNA expression was assessed in skeletal muscle biopsies from the twin population. Results: In the twin sample, carriers of the minor G allele of rs2802292 showed reduced fasting plasma insulin [per allele effect (β) = -13% (-24; -1) (95% confidence interval), P = 0.03] and lower incremental area under the curve 0-120 min for insulin after an oral glucose load [β = -14% (-23; -), P = 0.005]. The G allele was associated with increased peripheral insulin action [glucose disposal rate clamp, β = 0.85 mg·kgfat-free mass(-1) · min(-1) (0.049; 1.64), P = 0.04] and lower hepatic insulin resistance index [β = -13% (-25; -1), P = 0.03]. Furthermore, carriers of the G allele had increased basal FOXO3A mRNA expression in skeletal muscle compared with T-allele carriers [β = 16% (0; 33), P = 0.047]. In the Inter99 sample, we found an association with reduced incremental area under the curve 0-120 min for insulin after an oral glucose load [β = -3% (-5; -0.07), P = 0.04], but this association was not significant after adjustment for body mass index. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the minor G allele of FOXO3A rs2802292 is associated with enhanced peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity in our small twin cohort, which may be mediated through increased FOXO3A mRNA expression, although no major metabolic impact of rs2802292 was found in the large Inter99 cohort.
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31.
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32.
  • Blixt Johansson, Patrik, et al. (författare)
  • Left ventricular longitudinal wall fractional shortening accurately predicts longitudinal strain in critically ill patients with septic shock
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Annals of Intensive Care. - : Springer. - 2110-5820. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Left ventricular longitudinal strain (LVLS) may be a sensitive indicator of left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with sepsis, but is dependent on high image quality and analysis software. Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and the novel left ventricular longitudinal wall fractional shortening (LV-LWFS) are bedside echocardiographic indicators of LV systolic function that are less dependent on image quality. Both are sparsely investigated in the critically ill population, and may potentially be used as surrogates for LVLS. We assessed if LVLS may be predicted by LV-LWFS and MAPSE in patients with septic shock. We also assessed the repeatability and inter-rater agreement of LVLS, LV-LWFS and MAPSE measurements. Results 122 TTE studies from 3 echocardiographic data repositories of patients admitted to ICU with septic shock were retrospectively assessed, of which 73 were suitable for LVLS analysis using speckle tracking. The correlations between LVLS vs. LV-LWFS and LVLS vs. MAPSE were 0.89 (p < 0.001) and 0.81 (p < 0.001) with mean squared errors of 5.8% and 9.1%, respectively. Using the generated regression equation, LV-LWFS predicted LVLS with a high degree of accuracy and precision, with bias and limits of agreement of -0.044 +/- 4.7% and mean squared prediction error of 5.8%. Interobserver repeatability was good, with high intraclass correlation coefficients (0.96-0.97), small bias and tight limits of agreement (<= 4.1% for all analyses) between observers for all measurements. Conclusions LV-LWFS may be used to estimate LVLS in patients with septic shock. MAPSE also performed well, but was slightly inferior compared to LV-LWFS in estimating LVLS. Feasibility of MAPSE and LV-LWFS was excellent, as was interobserver repeatability.
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33.
  • Carlsson, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Gross and delta efficiencies during uphill running and cycling among elite triathletes.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 120:5, s. 961-968
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: To investigate the gross efficiency (GE) and delta efficiency (DE) during cycling and running in elite triathletes.METHODS: Five male and five female elite triathletes completed two incremental treadmill tests with an inclination of 2.5° to determine their GE and DE during cycling and running. The speed increments between the 5-min stages were 2.4 and 0.6 km h-1 during the cycling and running tests, respectively. For each test, GE was calculated as the ratio between the mechanical work rate (MWR) and the metabolic rate (MR) at an intensity corresponding to a net increase in blood-lactate concentration of 1 mmol l-1. DE was calculated by dividing the delta increase in MWR by the delta increase in MR for each test. Pearson correlations and paired-sample t tests were used to investigate the relationships and differences, respectively.RESULTS: There was a correlation between GEcycle and GErun (r = 0.66; P = 0.038; R2 = 0.44), but the correlation between DEcycle and DErun was not statistically significant (r = - 0.045; P = 0.90; R2 = 0.0020). There were differences between GEcycle and GErun (t = 80.8; P < 0.001) as well as between DEcycle and DErun (t = 27.8; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Elite triathletes with high GE during running also have high GE during cycling, when exercising at a treadmill inclination of 2.5°. For a moderate uphill incline, elite triathletes are more energy efficient during cycling than during running, independent of work rate.
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34.
  • Charbord, Jeremie, et al. (författare)
  • In vivo screen identifies a SIK inhibitor that induces beta cell proliferation through a transient UPR
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 3:5, s. 682-700
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is known that beta cell proliferation expands the beta cell mass during development and under certain hyperglycemic conditions in the adult, a process that may be used for beta cell regeneration in diabetes. Here, through a new high-throughput screen using a luminescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (LUCCI) in zebrafish, we identify HG-9-91-01 as a driver of proliferation and confirm this effect in mouse and human beta cells. HG-9-91-01 is an inhibitor of salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), and overexpression of Sik1 specifically in beta cells blocks the effect of HG-9-91-01 on beta cell proliferation. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of mouse beta cells demonstrate that HG-9-91-01 induces a wave of activating transcription factor (ATF)6-dependent unfolded protein response (UPR) before cell cycle entry. Importantly, the UPR wave is not associated with an increase in insulin expression. Additional mechanistic studies indicate that HG-9-91-01 induces multiple signalling effectors downstream of SIK inhibition, including CRTC1, CRTC2, ATF6, IRE1 and mTOR, which integrate to collectively drive beta cell proliferation. A high-throughput chemical screen identifies the salt-inducible kinase inhibitor HG-9-91-01 as a driver of beta cell proliferation, acting through an ATF6-dependent unfolded protein response.
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35.
  • Chew, Michelle, et al. (författare)
  • National outcomes and characteristics of patients admitted to Swedish intensive care units for COVID-19 A registry-based cohort study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0265-0215 .- 1365-2346. ; 38:4, s. 335-343
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND Mortality among patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with COVID-19 is unclear due to variable follow-up periods. Few nationwide data are available to compare risk factors, treatment and outcomes of COVID-19 patients after ICU admission. OBJECTIVE To evaluate baseline characteristics, treatments and 30-day outcomes of patients admitted to Swedish ICUs with COVID-19. DESIGN Registry-based cohort study with prospective data collection. SETTING Admissions to Swedish ICUs from 6 March to 6 May 2020 with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 disease. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients admitted to Swedish ICUs. EXPOSURES Baseline characteristics, intensive care treatments and organ failures. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. A multivariable model was used to determine the independent association between potential predictor variables and death. RESULTS We identified 1563 patients with complete 30-day follow-up. The 30-day all-cause mortality was 26.7%. Median age was 61 [52 to 69], Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS III) was 53 [46 to 59] and 62.5% had at least one comorbidity. Median PaO2/FiO(2) on admission was 97.5 [75.0 to 140.6] mmHg, 74.7% suffered from moderate-to-severe acute respiratory failure. Age, male sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.5 (1.1 to 2.2)], SAPS III score [aOR 1.3 (1.2 to 1.4)], severe respiratory failure [aOR 3.0 (2.0 to 4.7)], specific COVID-19 pharmacotherapy [aOR 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9)] and continuous renal replacement therapy [aOR 2.1 (1.5 to 3.0)] were associated with increased mortality. Except for chronic lung disease, the presence of comorbidities was not independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Thirty-day mortality rate in COVID-19 patients admitted to Swedish ICUs is generally lower than previously reported despite a severe degree of hypoxaemia on admission. Mortality was driven by age, baseline disease severity, the presence and degree of organ failure, rather than pre-existing comorbidities.
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36.
  • Fransson, Nathalie, et al. (författare)
  • REWARDHeat PESTLE Analysis
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this deliverable, factors impacting effective replication of Low Temperature (LT) District Heating and Cooling (DHC) networks with Low Temperature Heat (LTH) and Renewable Energy (RE) sources integration are analyzed. A PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Legal and Environmental) analysis is performed for seven European countries, which host one or more REWARDHeat demonstrators.The PESTLE analysis was performed in a three-step process. The first step was data collection for each of the components included in the PESTLE analysis through literature reviews, interviews with the demo-sites, surveys distributed to and answered by the customers of the existing DH systems and energy systems modelling using the TIMES (The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System) model generator for understanding the environmental impact long term. The second step was to identify and prioritize key factors identified for each of the PESTLE components. The third step was to rate the identified key factors together with experts from each demo-site country. The key factors were rated either as a barrier (major or minor) or as an opportunity (major or minor).Overall, the results of the PESTLE analysis show that there are more opportunities than barriers for the replication of LTDHC networks in the investigated countries. Opportunities mainly arise from the ambitious political goal of the EU to become climate-neutral by 2050. The EU goal leads to ambitious national targets for the Heating and Cooling (HC) sectors, which are still greatly dependent on the use of fossil fuels. Positive customers’ opinions and the current characteristics of the HC sectors in the investigated countries are also identified as opportunities for the development of LTDHC networks. At the country level, Denmark and Sweden are the countries in which conventional DH networks are well-established and it is in these countries the most opportunities for LTDHC can be found. A tradition of investing in large, centralized heat generation plants could however pose a barrier, and a regime shift is therefore necessary. We show that with the development of LTDHC networks, the cost of heat supply in the investigated HC sectors can decrease, if compared to the development without LTDHC.From the environmental perspective, the development of LTDHC networks and utilization of LTH and RE sources is shown to result in fuel savings and lowered air pollutant emissions in all the demo-site countries, except for Denmark in which insignificant increase in specific primary energy use per unit of generated heat can be expected.The lack of targeted state-based financial support for developing innovative HC networks is identified as one of the main barriers for the replication of the REWARDHeat solutions in most of the countries. The likely reason for this is deemed to be a lack of awareness and understanding about the LTDHC concept among politicians and decision makers. Hence, more knowledge needs to be generated about the concept, for example through demonstration projects such as REWARDHeat. Another main barrier is that LTDHC is currently only suitable for a small share of the building stock, mainly new or refurbished buildings. Table 1 shows overview of the PESTLE analysis results for each of the investigated countries. The values “3” and “4” on the green background represent opportunities (minor and major, respectively) and the values “1” and “2” represent barriers (major and minor, respectively). The results from the energy system modelling, which served as a basis for analyzing environmental key factors as well as the Specific cost of heat economic factor, are also briefly presented in this deliverable and are available on an interactive webpage accessible from the project official website (www.rewardheat.eu).
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37.
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38.
  • Gejl, Kasper D., et al. (författare)
  • Contractile Properties of MHC I and II Fibers From Highly Trained Arm and Leg Muscles of Cross-Country Skiers
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-042X. ; 12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Little is known about potential differences in contractile properties of muscle fibers of the same type in arms and legs. Accordingly, the present study was designed to compare the force-generating capacity and Ca2+ sensitivity of fibers from arm and leg muscles of highly trained cross-country skiers. Method: Single muscle fibers of m. vastus lateralis and m. triceps brachii of 8 highly trained cross-country skiers were analyzed with respect to maximal Ca2+-activated force, specific force and Ca2+ sensitivity. Result: The maximal Ca2+-activated force was greater for MHC II than MHC I fibers in both the arm (+62 %, P < 0.001) and leg muscle (+77 %, P < 0.001), with no differences between limbs for each MHC isoform. In addition, the specific force of MHC II fibers was higher than that of MHC I fibers in both arms (+41 %, P = 0.002) and legs (+95 %, P < 0.001). The specific force of MHC II fibers was the same in both limbs, whereas MHC I fibers from the m. triceps brachii were, on average, 39% stronger than fibers of the same type from the m. vastus lateralis (P = 0.003). pCa50 was not different between MHC I and II fibers in neither arms nor legs, but the MHC I fibers of m. triceps brachii demonstrated higher Ca2+ sensitivity than fibers of the same type from m. vastus lateralis (P = 0.007). Conclusion: Comparison of muscles in limbs equally well trained revealed that MHC I fibers in the arm muscle exhibited a higher specific force-generating capacity and greater Ca2+ sensitivity than the same type of fiber in the leg, with no such difference in the case of MHC II fibers. These distinct differences in the properties of fibers of the same type in equally well-trained muscles open new perspectives in muscle physiology.
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39.
  • Gennemark, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • An oral antisense oligonucleotide for PCSK9 inhibition
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 13:593
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and are used for treatment of dyslipidemia. Current PCSK9 inhibitors are administered via subcutaneous injection. We present a highly potent, chemically modified PCSK9 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) with potential for oral delivery. Past attempts at oral delivery using earlier-generation ASO chemistries and transient permeation enhancers provided encouraging data, suggesting that improving potency of the ASO could make oral delivery a reality. The constrained ethyl chemistry and liver targeting enabled by N-acetylgalactosamine conjugation make this ASO highly potent. A single subcutaneous dose of 90 mg reduced PCSK9 by >90% in humans with elevated LDL cholesterol and a monthly subcutaneous dose of around 25 mg is predicted to reduce PCSK9 by 80% at steady state. To investigate the feasibility of oral administration, the ASO was coformulated in a tablet with sodium caprate as permeation enhancer. Repeated oral daily dosing in dogs resulted in a bioavailability of 7% in the liver (target organ), about fivefold greater than the plasma bioavailability. Target engagement after oral administration was confirmed by intrajejunal administration of a rat-specific surrogate ASO in solution with the enhancer to rats and by plasma PCSK9 and LDL cholesterol lowering in cynomolgus monkey after tablet administration. On the basis of an assumption of 5% liver bioavailability after oral administration in humans, a daily dose of 15 mg is predicted to reduce circulating PCSK9 by 80% at steady state, supporting the development of the compound for oral administration to treat dyslipidemia.
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40.
  • Grönlund, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Studies of free gas in scattering media at micro- and macroscopic scales
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of International Symposium on Biophotonics, Nanophotonics and Metamaterials. ; , s. 42-45
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Free gases in scattering media and different techniques for such studies are discussed in the present paper. Connections between two techniques that constitute a major research area at our laboratory are presented. One of the techniques concerns measurements of free gas in scattering media, such as human tissue and food products, on a small scale, while the other one is a technique for trace-gas measurements in the lower atmosphere. We show that the basic ideas are very similar and that, by applying the knowledge obtained on one scale to the other, little differences exist. This study motivates us to perform a measurement linking the two techniques.
  •  
41.
  • Haghighi, Mona, et al. (författare)
  • A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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42.
  • Hall, Sebastian, et al. (författare)
  • A method for in-situ characterization of PMSM traction machines
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: EEEIC 2016 - International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering. - 9781509023196
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a method that characterizes permanent magnet synchronous traction machines connected to the drivetrain of vehicles. The method does not need additional equipment but uses the control system of the vehicle to conduct the tests. The voltage reference from the control system together with measurements of the angular frequency yield the electromagnetic characteristics of the machine after a set of accelerations and retardations. The method can also detect an increase in the speed-dependent losses by comparing the present mechanical dynamics to earlier measurements. Simulations show that the principle of the method works well, which points towards a potential to contribute to a more efficient traction machine evaluation.
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43.
  • Hedlund, Ann, et al. (författare)
  • Arbetsmiljöfaktorer i skogsenergibranschen : Fallstudier med fokus på buller, vibrationer och damm
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Denna rapport är en komplettering till den tidigare rapporten Arbetsmiljö vid hantering av skogsenergi (Hedlund m fl, 2010). Syftet med denna studie är att ytterligare öka kunskapen om förhållanden inom skogsenergibranschen avseende arbetsmiljö och ergonomiska möjligheter. Mer specifikt var målet att genom fallstudier studera skördning och skotning av stubbar samt mäta exponering av damm, buller och vibrationer vid olika delprocesser. I denna studie har arbetsmiljöanalyser i form av fallstudier genomförts för processerna skotning av stubbar med skotare, skördning av stubbar med grävmaskin försedd med stubbrytningsaggregat, samt sönderdelning av GROT med skotare och lastbil försedda med sönderdelningsaggregat. Arbetsmiljöanalyserna har fokuserat på buller, vibrationer och damm, därtill har ergonomisk checklista använts för att undersöka de ergonomiska förhållandena. Fallstudierna har genomförts i Dalarna, Närke och Gästrikland, samt i Finland. Den ekvivalenta ljudnivån i maskinerna varierade mellan 68 och 82 dB(A). I två av åtta fall översteg ljudnivån insatsvärdet. De fall ljudnivån kom upp till eller översteg insatsvärdet var vid skördning av stubbar, 80 dB(A) och i kranhytt på lastbil vid sönderdelning av GROT, 82 dB(A). Uppmätta maximala ljudnivåer visar att inget ekipage översteg insatsvärdet för maximal A-vägd ljudtrycksnivå, 115 dB(A). Mätningarna och uppgifter från förare indikerar att ljudnivån vid sönderdelning ökar vid sönderdelning av större dimensioner. I två av fyra fall överskreds insatsvärdet för helkroppsvibrationer. Vid sönderdelning av GROT (ett av två ekipage) och vid stubbskördning (ett av två ekipage) överskreds insatsvärdena i x-led. Vid sönderdelning av GROT har genom mätningar med PIMEX identifierats att det främst var kranrörelser som påverkade vibrationsnivåerna. Därtill kan markförhållanden i form av ytstruktur och bärighet, samt hur hårt stubbarna sitter i marken (integrering) påverka vibrationsnivåerna. Vid skördning av stubbar visade mätningar med PIMEX att exponeringstoppar förekom vid skakning av stubbar, vridning av hytt, när skördningsaggregatet används till att skjuta iväg stubbar utmed marken eller till att jämna till marken och vid förflyttning. Resultaten från denna, såväl som tidigare studier, visar att helkroppsvibrationsnivåerna varierar mellan olika maskiner och olika arbetssituationer. Dammnivåerna i hytterna var låga, men höga och korta exponeringstoppar förekom vid servicearbete på sönderdelningsaggregaten. Trots torr väderlek och sönderdelning av brun GROT med mycket synligt damm utomhus var nivåerna inne i hytterna låga. PIMEX visar att de högsta exponeringstopparna förekom i samband med att föraren gick i och ur maskinen, samt vid byte av knivar i sönderdelningsaggregat. Regelbundna byten av luftfilter, noggrann montering av filter samt hur föraren positionerar maskinen i förhållande till vindriktningen är här av betydelse. Förarergonomin är relativt god i ordinära skogsmaskiner, medan den är bristfällig i kranhytt på lastbil. Dock förekom hos skotarna en till tre röda markeringar som innebär uppenbar risk för hälsoproblem, sjukdom eller skada. Kranhytten som ingått i studien har sämre ergonomi och klimatförhållanden (totalt sex röda makeringar). Genom att använda PIMEX har exponeringsnivåer för buller, vibrationer och damm kopplats till aktuella arbetsmoment vilket kan användas som underlag för att minska exponeringen.
  •  
44.
  • Hermansson-Borrebaeck, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Beliefs about medications when treating hypertension in primary health care : results from "PERson-centredness in hypertension management using information Technology (PERHIT)"
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - 0803-7051. ; 32:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Hypertension is a major global health concern. Despite of efficient antihypertensive medications a low percentage of patients reach a blood pressure (BP) of <140/90. Nonadherence is a great concern in hypertension treatment and patients' beliefs about medications has been shown to have a strong impact on adherence. The objective of this study is to examine beliefs about medications and its impact on BP treatment in a group of Swedish primary healthcare patients treated for hypertension with or without an E-health platform.MATERIALS AND METHOD: In a randomised unblinded controlled trial, 949 patients with hypertension from Swedish primary health care centres were included. The intervention group used a web-based system to support self-management of hypertension for eight weeks. Beliefs about medication questionnaire (BMQ) were administered to all patients at inclusion, 8-week follow up and 1-year follow up.RESULTS: Data were collected from the 862 patients who completed the trial. No statistically significant difference was found in BMQ-scores between the intervention and the control group. An association between lower scores in the BMQ subsection 'General-Harm' and achieving target BP of <140/90 mmHg were noted ( p = 0.021). CONCLUSION: This study shows a significant association between beliefs about medication and BP levels, on hypertensive patients in the Swedish primary care setting, in only one out of four subsections of the BMQ. The intervention did not have a significant effect on changing patients' beliefs about medication. Further emphasis on patients' beliefs about medications could be useful in the clinical setting.
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45.
  • Högmark, Conny, et al. (författare)
  • Electrical machines with laminated winding for hybrid vehicle application
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: 2nd International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC). - 9781467330060 ; , s. 36-41
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract in Undeterminedhis paper focuses on the experimental evaluation and design of a magnetic core of a modular segment for a synchronous machine with a laminated wave-winding. The advantageous features of laminated windings, which are the simple production and the high winding fill factor with a good net shape, are optimized towards high torque capability. The focus in this study lies on the design of soft magnetic core rather than the thermal design of an assembled system. The manufacturability and the electromagnetic energy conversion are compared and evaluated in a number of stator segments with both powder and laminated core. The evaluations of the energy conversion capability and manufacturability show the potential with a laminated winding/yoke and also with laminated winding/core segments configurations. The comparison shows that the design considerations in the modelling of the energy conversion match well with the measured results. The experimental results from the small alternator are used to propose a design strategy for a hybrid traction machine with the same topology.
  •  
46.
  • Jankowski, Piotr, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Designing High-Performant Lithium Battery Electrolytes by Utilizing Two Natures of Li+ Coordination: LiTDI/LiTFSI in Tetraglyme
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Batteries and Supercaps. - : Wiley. - 2566-6223. ; 4:4, s. 205-213
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) based on glymes, such as tetraglyme (G4), are currently the focus of much battery research, primarily due to their unique properties - especially with respect to ion transport and electrochemical stability. While the LiTFSI-G4 and LiTDI-G4 systems both have been studied extensively, we here design their hybrid electrolytes to answer; will the resulting properties be averages/superpositions or will there be synergies created? We find the latter to be true and demonstrate that the most performant electrolytes are obtained by introducing a minor amount of LiTDI to an LiTFSI based electrolyte, which promotes the disproportionation and formation of "free" cations and at the same to avoid large aggregates - shown comprehensively both experimentally and by different modelling approaches and analyses combined. This electrolyte composition strategy can be generalized to other salts and solvents and thus a route towards a flora of novel battery electrolytes is here suggested.
  •  
47.
  • Jareteg, Klas, 1986, et al. (författare)
  • Development and test of a transient fine-mesh LWR Multiphysics solver in a CFD Framework
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Proc. Joint Int. Conf. Mathematics and Computation (M&C), Supercomputing in Nuclear Applications (SNA) and the Monte Carlo (MC) Method (MC2015). - 9780894487200 ; 2, s. 1293-1308
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a framework for fine-mesh, transient simulations of coupled neutronics and thermal-hydraulics for Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel assemblies. The framework includes models of single-phase fluid transport for the coolant and conjugate-heat transfer between the coolant and the fuel pins,complemented by a neutronic solver. The thermal-hydraulic models are based on a CFD approach,resolving the pressure and velocity coupling via an iterative algorithm. Similarly, the neutronics is for-mulated in a fine-mesh manner with resolved fuel pins. The neutronic and thermal-hydraulic equationsare discretized and solved in the same numerical framework (foam-extend-3.1). A test case of a quarterof a fuel pin is used to test the transient behavior of the code for a set of different initial reactivities. Thesame geometry is used to simulate a decrease of the inlet temperature, which demonstrates the responseboth in the CFD and the neutronics for an increase in reactivity. Furthermore, a system of 7x7 fuelpins is simulated with the same inlet temperature decrease and we present the temporal developmentof the temperature as well as an analysis of the heterogeneities captured by the fine-mesh approach.The solver is shown to capture the transient multiphysics couplings and demonstrates the numerical andcomputational applicability based on the presented cases.
  •  
48.
  • Johansson, Alexandra C., et al. (författare)
  • Monitoring deactivation processes of bacterial spores using fluorescence spectroscopy
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings Volume 12116, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XXIII, 2022. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is a need for time efficient evaluation methods to discriminate between viable and dead bacterial spores. In this work, the potential to use the autofluorescence from spore suspensions for evaluation of spore deactivation processes is investigated. Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus anthracis ATCC 4229 spores were exposed to UV-radiation for deactivation and the fluorescence response was monitored at different radiation doses and the deactivation was evaluated via traditional bacterial incubation on agar culture plates. For excitation wavelengths of, e.g., 280 m and 330 nm, differences in the fluorescence response could be observed for different live:dead ratios.
  •  
49.
  • Johansson, Björn Axel, et al. (författare)
  • Interactive voice response - an automated follow-up technique for adolescents discharged from acute psychiatric inpatient care : a randomised controlled trial
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: SpringerPlus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2193-1801. ; 2:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Follow-up methods must be easy for young people to handle. We examine Interactive Voice Response (IVR) as a method for collecting self-reported data. Sixty inpatients were recruited from a child and adolescent psychiatric emergency unit in Malmö, Sweden and called every second (N = 30) or every fourth (N = 30) day from discharge until first visit in outpatient care. A pre-recorded voice asked them to evaluate their current mood using their mobile phones. Average response rate was 91%, and 71% had a 100% response rate. Gender, age and length of inpatient treatment did not affect response rate, nor did randomisation. Boys estimated their current mood on average as 3.52 units higher than girls, CI = (2.65, 4.48). Automated IVR is a feasible method of collecting follow-up data among adolescents discharged from a psychiatric emergency unit.
  •  
50.
  • Jonsmoen, Unni Lise, et al. (författare)
  • Endospore pili - flexible, stiff and sticky nanofibers
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 122:13, s. 2696-2706
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Species belonging to the Bacillus cereus group form endospores (spores) whose surface is decorated with micrometers-long and nanometers-wide endospore appendages (Enas). The Enas have recently been shown to represent a completely novel class of Gram-positive pili. They exhibit remarkable structural properties making them extremely resilient to proteolytic digestion and solubilization. However, little is known about their functional and biophysical properties. In this work, we apply optical tweezers to manipulate and assess how wild type and Ena-depleted mutant spores immobilize on a glass surface. Further, we utilize optical tweezers to extend S-Ena fibers to measure their flexibility and tensile stiffness. Finally, by oscillating single spores, we examine how the exosporium and Enas affect spores’ hydrodynamic properties. Our results show that S-Enas (μm long pili) are not as effective as L-Enas in immobilizing spores to glass surfaces but are involved in forming spore to spore connections, holding the spores together in a gel-like state. The measurements also show that S-Enas are flexible but tensile stiff fibers, which support structural data suggesting that the quaternary structure is composed of subunits arranged in a complex to produce a bendable fiber (helical turns can tilt against each other) with limited axial fiber extensibility. Lastly, the results show that the hydrodynamic drag is 1.5-times higher for wild type spores expressing S- and L-Enas compared to mutant spores expressing only L-Enas or ”bald spores” lacking Ena, and 2-times higher compared to spores of the exosporium deficient strain. This study unveils novel findings on the biophysics of S- and L-Enas, their role in spore aggregation, binding of spores to glass, and their mechanical behavior upon exposure to drag forces.
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