| 1. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Different Extrusion Parameters on Dietary Fiber in Wheat Bran and Rye Bran
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-1147 .- 1750-3841. ; 82:6, s. 1344-1350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheat bran and rye bran are mostly used as animal feed today, but their high content of dietary fiber and bioactive components are beneficial to human health. Increased use of bran as food raw material could therefore be desirable. However, bran mainly contains unextractable dietary fiber and deteriorates the sensory properties of products. Processing by extrusion could increase the extractability of dietary fiber and increase the sensory qualities of bran products. Wheat bran and rye bran were therefore extruded at different levels of moisture content, screw speed and temperature, in order to find the optimal setting for increased extractability of dietary fiber and positive sensory properties. A water content of 24% for wheat bran and 30% for rye bran, a screw speed of 400 rpm, and a temperature of 130 °C resulted in the highest extractability of total dietary fiber and arabinoxylan. Arabinoxylan extractability increased from 5.8% in wheat bran to 9.0% in extruded wheat bran at those settings, and from 14.6% to 19.2% for rye bran. Total contents of dietary fiber and arabinoxylan were not affected by extrusion. Content of β-glucan was also maintained during extrusion, while its molecular weight decreased slightly and extractability increased slightly. Extrusion at these settings is therefore a suitable process for increasing the use of wheat bran and rye bran as a food raw material.
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| 2. |
- Bannak Gedara, Shishanthi Jayarathna, et al.
(författare)
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High fructan barley lines produced by selective breeding may alter beta-glucan and amylopectin molecular structure
- 2023
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - 0144-8617. ; 316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six cross-bred barley lines developed by a breeding strategy with the target to enhance the fructan synthesis activity and reduce the fructan hydrolysis activity were analyzed together with their parental lines, and a reference line (Gustav) to determine whether the breeding strategy also affected the content and molecular structure of amylopectin and beta-glucan. The highest fructan and beta-glucan content achieved in the novel barley lines was 8.6 % and 12 %, respectively (12.3-fold and 3.2-fold higher than in Gustav). The lines with low fructan synthesis activity had higher starch content, smaller building blocks in amylopectin, and smaller structural units of beta-glucans than the lines with high-fructan synthesis activity. Correlation analysis confirmed that low starch content was associated with high amylose, fructan, and beta-glucan content, and larger building blocks in amylopectin.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 6. |
- Alm Fjellborg, Andreas, 1982-
(författare)
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Housing tenure and residential mobility in Stockholm 1990-2014
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis the links between housing tenure, income and selective, segregation generating, residential mobility are explored. The development of these links is analysed against the background of housing regime changes in Stockholm between 1990 and 2014. Housing policy changes in Sweden, and Stockholm, promote ownership through, for instance, housing tenure conversions and the tax-system. What this development means for residential mobility trends and may mean for ethnic and economic segregation is explored in three articles. Paper 1 contrasts two time periods and provides an analysis of residential mobility and economic sorting. It is shown that the socioeconomic composition of movers is relatively stable over time while the increasingly owner dominated housing market in Stockholm contributes to stronger socio-spatial residential patterns through the strengthened economic sorting of movers across the whole income scale. Paper 2 has a focus on ethnic and socioeconomic differences in out-mobility from poor neighbourhoods. The findings indicate that foreign background residents are dependent upon housing wealth and income to be able to leave poor neighbourhoods when they move, while the Swedish background group has a variety of resources at their disposal when they move. Paper 3 analyses how housing tenure affects moving, and movers' destinations, in neighbourhoods with high concentrations of non-western foreign-born residents in Stockholm. By comparing two cohorts (1993-2000 and 2001-2008) it is analysed how this relationship develops over time. Housing tenure and income do not seem to be pivotal for who moves, but increasingly important for where movers end up. Results display ethnic differences and how the changing housing market in Stockholm reproduces ethnic segregation. Two main conclusions from the thesis are that (i) the changing housing regime in Stockholm produces stronger economic sorting of movers – this has been affected by the geographically, socioeconomically and ethnically uneven gains from the housing market transformations experienced over the last three decades. (ii) The residential mobility patterns and the economic stratification of residential mobility opportunities that the reconfiguration of Stockholm’s housing market gives rise to increases the economic, political and social marginalization of neighbourhoods characterized by low income levels and high shares of foreign-born residents. Combating ethnic segregation is today even more closely related to the socioeconomic differences between the foreign-born and native-born parts of the population.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Lignin is the main determinant of total dietary fiber differences between date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties
- 2020
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Ingår i: NFS Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3646. ; 21, s. 16-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) of ten varieties, collected in the United Arab Emirates, were studied to determine their dietary fiber content and composition. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that the dietary fiber components in all the date fruit varieties was similar. The major dietary fiber components, including cellulose, hemicellulosic components, lignin, and pectin, were analyzed by the Uppsala method. The total dietary fiber content in the date fruits analyzed (5.2%–8.3%) is comparable to commonly consumed dried fruits and is correlated with the content of lignin. The lignin was the main determinant of the total dietary fiber content in dates and its content was higher in semi-hard and hard fruit varieties.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship of grain fructan content to degree of polymerisation in different barleys
- 2014
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Ingår i: Food and Nutrition Sciences. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2157-944X .- 2157-9458. ; 5, s. 581-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fructans are important in the survival of plants and also valuable for humans as potentially health promoting food ingredients. In this study fructan content and composition were determined in grains of 20 barley breeding lines and cultivars with a wide variation in chemical composition, morphology and country of origin, grown at one site in Chile. There was significant genotypic variation in grain fructan content ranging from 0.9% to 4.2% of grain dry weight. Fructan degree of polymerisation (DP) was analysed using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Changes in the distribution of different chain lengths and the pattern of structures of fructan were detected with increasing amount of fructan in the different barleys. A positive correlation was found between fructan content and the relative amount of long chain fructan (DP > 9) (r = 0.54, p = 0.021). Our results provide a basis for selecting promising barley lines and cultivars for further research on fructan in barley breeding with the aim to produce healthy food products.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Rye dietary fibre
- 2014
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Ingår i: Rye and health. - 9781891127816 ; , s. 23-47
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Mariette, et al.
(författare)
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A simplified method of determining the internal structure of amylopectin from barley starch without amylopectin isolation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617. ; 255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine the internal structure of barley starch without amylopectin isolation, whole starch was hydrolyzed using beta-amylase to remove the linear amylose and obtain beta-limit dextrins (beta-LDs). The beta-LDs were treated with extensive a-amylase to prepare alpha-limit dextrins (alpha-LDs), and the alpha-LDs were further hydrolyzed with beta-amylase into building blocks. The chain-length distribution of beta-LD and building block composition were analyzed by sizeexclusion chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography. The internal structure of the barley whole starches had similar pattern to barley amylopectins analyzed by conventional methods. The starch of barley amol-mutated varieties contained more short internal B-chains and less long internal B-chains than that of other varieties. The starch from amol-mutated varieties had more large building blocks than that from waxy varieties. The simplified method presented in this study can effectively characterize starch internal structure that relates to physicochemical properties of starch, although some details of amylopectin structure are not assessable.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Mariette, et al.
(författare)
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Resistant starch and other dietary fiber components in tubers from a high-amylose potato
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 251, s. 58-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tubers from a genetically modified high-amylose line T-2012 and its parental potato cultivar Dinamo were analyzed for resistant starch (RS) and dietary fiber (DF) after cooking and cold storage. For uncooked potatoes, the high-amylose tubers (30% of dry matter, DM) had much lower RS than the parent tubers (56% of DM). However, after cooking, the high-amylose tubers gave more RS (13% of DM) than the parent (4% of DM), and the RS level increased further to about 20% of DM after 1 day of cold storage. The altered RS content was attributable to changes in amylose content, starch granule structure, and amylopectin structure induced by the genetic modification. The high-amylose tubers also contained more DF (10-14% of DM) than the parent (5-7% of DM). Furthermore, cell wall composition was indirectly affected by the genetic modification, giving more cellulose and less pectin in the high-amylose tubers than the parent.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Kulturell friktion
- 1995
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bannak Gedara, Shishanthi Jayarathna, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Advances in Starch-Based Blends and Composites for Bioplastics Applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: Polymers. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4360. ; 14
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution by synthetic polymers is a global problem and investigating substitutes for synthetic polymers is a major research area. Starch can be used in formulating bioplastic materials, mainly as blends or composites with other polymers. The major drawbacks of using starch in such applications are water sensitivity and poor mechanical properties. Attempts have been made to improve the mechanical properties of starch-based blends and composites, by e.g., starch modification or plasticization, matrix reinforcement, and polymer blending. Polymer blending can bring synergetic benefits to blends and composites, but necessary precautions must be taken to ensure the compatibility of hydrophobic polymers and hydrophilic starch. Genetic engineering offers new possibilities to modify starch inplanta in a manner favorable for bioplastics applications, while the incorporation of antibacterial and/or antioxidant agents into starch-based food packaging materials brings additional advantages. In conclusion, starch is a promising material for bioplastic production, with great potential for further improvements. This review summarizes the recent advances in starch-based blends and composites and highlights the potential strategies for overcoming the major drawbacks of using starch in bioplastics applications.
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| 18. |
- De Arcangelis, Elisa, et al.
(författare)
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Structure analysis of beta-glucan in barley and effects of wheat beta-glucanase
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210 .- 1095-9963. ; 85, s. 175-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, beta-glucan in samples of sifted flour from six barley varieties was sequentially extracted with water and NaOH obtaining three fractions: water-extractable (WE), NaOH- extractable (NaE) and residual (Res). beta-Glucan isolates were incubated with lichenase and oligomers released were analysed with high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). A higher ratio of 3-O-beta-cellobiosyl-D-glucose (DP3) to 3-O-beta-cellotriosyl-D-glucose (DP4) is reported in WE, NaE and Res fractions in variety SLU 7 (shrunken endosperm) compared to the other varieties, suggesting a more packed beta-glucan structure. Water-extractable and water-unextractable beta-glucan fractions were incubated with wheat extract and effects of wheat beta-glucanase on the structure was assessed after lichenase digestion and analysis with HPAEC-PAD. Findings suggest that wheat beta-glucanase manifests a selective hydrolysis towards beta-glucan with lower DP3/DP4 ratio and that beta-glucan of SLU 7 is composed of a population with higher DP3/DP4 ratio and hence with a more tighten structure which may be more resistant to enzymic action. Overall, the results obtained are of interest to characterise barleys differing in starch and dietary fibre composition, specifically shrunken endosperm barley SLU 7 in the perspective of its inclusion in the production of beta-glucan enriched foods.
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| 19. |
- Djurle, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of baking on dietary fibre, with emphasis on beta-glucan and resistant starch, in barley breads
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210 .- 1095-9963. ; 79, s. 449-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, 50% sifted barley flour from six different varieties and 50% refined wheat flour was used to bake bread. The flour mixture and the bread crumb and crust were analysed for content and composition of total dietary fibre, arabinoxylan, fructan, beta-glucan, starch and resistant starch. Total dietary fibre content and extractability were not changed significantly by bread making. The extractability of mixed linkage (1 -> 3), (1 -> 4)- beta-D-glucan (beta-glucan) increased with baking, while the average molecular weight of beta-glucan decreased. However in one variety, SW 7, higher average molecular weight was maintained and a different pattern was apparent in the molecular weight distribution. SLU 7 is thereby promising for inclusion in bread where a higher molecular weight of beta-glucan is preferred, especially since the content of beta-glucan in SLU 7 is high. The resistant starch formed positively correlated with amylose content. The high amylose variety yielded 2.9% resistant starch in the bread crumb, making an important contribution to total dietary fibre. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Djurle, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Milling and extrusion of six barley varieties, effects on dietary fibre and starch content and composition
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210 .- 1095-9963. ; 72, s. 146-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barley is a rich source of dietary fibre that can promote beneficial physiological effects. The carbohydrate composition in different barley varieties differs considerably and choice of variety is thus important. This study examined whether differences in carbohydrate composition observed in barley kernels of different varieties persisted in the sifted flour and in an extruded product. Six barley varieties were milled and extruded and dietary fibre and starch in the kernels, flour and extruded product were analysed. The starch content was found to be higher in flour and extruded product than in kernels. The content of arabinoxylan was higher in sifted flour than in kernels, but was decreased by extrusion. The extractability of arabinoxylan was increased by extrusion, while its average molecular weight was decreased. Extrusion also decreased the content of mixed-linkage (1 -> 3),(1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucan in all varieties, but increased its extractability. The six barley varieties were affected in much the same way by milling and extrusion, but clear differences could still be observed. For example, the arabinoxylan in variety SW 28708 was less affected and variety KVL 301 had much lower extractability (76% vs 91-98%) of mixed-linkage (1 -> 3),(1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucan after extrusion than the other varieties. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Dotsenko, Gleb, et al.
(författare)
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Material disintegration affects enzymatic determination of beta-glucan in barley and oats
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210 .- 1095-9963. ; 88, s. 138-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Material disintegration is the primary step in beta-glucan determination in cereal grains. This study investigated the effect of disintegration approach on beta-glucan content, determined by an enzymatic method in mature kernels of barley and oat. Milling with a coffee grinder was found to be relevant only for pre-disintegration and homogenization of the grain (4.6% and 3.2% beta-glucan content was found in barley and oats, respectively). Ball milling appeared to be the most efficient approach for reducing material particle size, but resulted in samples with underestimated beta-glucan content (4.6% and 3.3% in barley and oats, respectively). Grinding with mortar and pestle in liquid nitrogen and repeated centrifugal milling were found to be the optimal disintegration methods for barley kernels (5.2% and 4.7-4.8% beta-glucan content, respectively). Grinding with mortar and pestle (either in dry state or in liquid nitrogen) and single centrifugal milling were the optimal disintegration methods for oat kernels (3.6-3.9% and 3.3-3.4% beta-glucan content, respectively).
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| 22. |
- Eriksson, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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Merging clinical chemistry biomarker data with a COPD database - building a clinical infrastructure for proteomic studies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proteome Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-5956. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Data from biological samples and medical evaluations plays an essential part in clinical decision making. This data is equally important in clinical studies and it is critical to have an infrastructure that ensures that its quality is preserved throughout its entire lifetime. We are running a 5-year longitudinal clinical study, KOL-Örestad, with the objective to identify new COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) biomarkers in blood. In the study, clinical data and blood samples are collected from both private and public health-care institutions and stored at our research center in databases and biobanks, respectively. The blood is analyzed by Mass Spectrometry and the results from this analysis then linked to the clinical data. Method: We built an infrastructure that allows us to efficiently collect and analyze the data. We chose to use REDCap as the EDC (Electronic Data Capture) tool for the study due to its short setup-time, ease of use, and flexibility. REDCap allows users to easily design data collection modules based on existing templates. In addition, it provides two functions that allow users to import batches of data; through a web API (Application Programming Interface) as well as by uploading CSV-files (Comma Separated Values). Results: We created a software, DART (Data Rapid Translation), that translates our biomarker data into a format that fits REDCap's CSV-templates. In addition, DART is configurable to work with many other data formats as well. We use DART to import our clinical chemistry data to the REDCap database. Conclusion: We have shown that a powerful and internationally adopted EDC tool such as REDCap can be extended so that it can be used efficiently in proteomic studies. In our study, we accomplish this by using DART to translate our clinical chemistry data to a format that fits the templates of REDCap.
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| 23. |
- Fei, Mingliang, et al.
(författare)
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Achieving of high-diet-fiber barley via managing fructan hydrolysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High fructan content in the grain of cereals is an important trait in agriculture such as environmental resilience and dietary fiber food production. To understand the mechanism in determining final grain fructan content and achieve high fructan cereal, a cross breeding strategy based on fructan synthesis and hydrolysis activities was set up and have achieved barley lines with 11.8% storage fructan in the harvested grain. Our study discovered that high activity of fructan hydrolysis at later grain developmental stage leads to the low fructan content in mature seeds, simultaneously increasing fructan synthesis at early stage and decreasing fructan hydrolysis at later stage through crossing breeding is an efficient way to elevate grain diet-fiber content. A good correlation between fructan and beta glucans was also discovered with obvious interest. Field trials showed that the achieved high fructan barley produced over seven folds higher fructan content than control barley and pull carbon-flux to fructan through decreasing fructan hydrolysis without disruption starch synthesis will probably not bring yield deficiency.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hanzén, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Lifespan Control by Redox-Dependent Recruitment of Chaperones to Misfolded Proteins
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674. ; 166:1, s. 140-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caloric restriction (CR) extends the lifespan of flies, worms, and yeast by counteracting age-related oxidation of H2O2-scavenging peroxiredoxins (Prxs). Here, we show that increased dosage of the major cytosolic Prx in yeast, Tsa1, extends lifespan in an Hsp70 chaperone-dependent and CR-independent manner without increasing H2O2 scavenging or genome stability. We found that Tsa1 and Hsp70 physically interact and that hyperoxidation of Tsa1 by H2O2 is required for the recruitment of the Hsp70 chaperones and the Hsp104 disaggregase to misfolded and aggregated proteins during aging, but not heat stress. Tsa1 counteracted the accumulation of ubiquitinated aggregates during aging and the reduction of hyperoxidized Tsa1 by sulfiredoxin facilitated clearance of H2O2-generated aggregates. The data reveal a conceptually new role for H2O2 signaling in proteostasis and lifespan control and shed new light on the selective benefits endowed to eukaryotic peroxiredoxins by their reversible hyperoxidation.
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| 26. |
- Jayarathna, Shishanthi, et al.
(författare)
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GBSS mutations in an SBE mutated background restore the potato starch granule morphology and produce ordered granules despite differences to native molecular structure
- 2024
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Potato starch with mutations in starch branching enzyme genes (SBEI, SBEII) and granule-bound starch synthase gene (GBSS) was characterized for molecular and thermal properties. Mutations in GBSS were here stacked to a previously developed SBEI and SBEII mutation line. Additionally, mutations in the GBSS gene alone were induced in the wild-type variety for comparison. The parental line with mutations in the SBE genes showed a ∼ 40 % increase in amylose content compared with the wild-type. Mutations in GBSS-SBEI-SBEII produced non-waxy, low-amylose lines compared with the wild-type. An exception was a line with one remaining GBSS wild-type allele, which displayed ∼80 % higher amylose content than wild-type. Stacked mutations in GBSS in the SBEI-SBEII parental line caused alterations in amylopectin chain length distribution and building block size categories of whole starch. Correlations between size categories of building blocks and unit chains of amylopectin were observed. Starch in GBSS-SBEI-SBEII mutational lines had elevated peak temperature of gelatinization, which was positively correlated with large building blocks.
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| 27. |
- Jensen Wolfhechel, Ola, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Norrlands vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer – en förstudie : rapport från ett FoU-projekt
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med föreliggande förstudie har varit att ta fram ett underlag inför ett kommande tvärvetenskapligt forsknings- och digitaliseringsprojekt. Bakgrunden är att Riksantikvarieämbetet under 1940-1980-talen genomförde omfattande arkeologiska, men även naturvetenskapliga och etnologiska, undersökningar vid Norrlands älvar och sjöar som ett led i vattenkraftsutbyggnaden. Materialet kom under 1960-1980-talen att bearbetas tillsammans med Stockholms universitet inom ramen för det tvärvetenskapliga projektet Norrlands Tidiga Bebyggelse. Insatserna resulterade i ett rikt material som idag förvaras i Riksantikvarieämbetets arkiv. Då stora delar av Norrland alltjämt är antikvariskt eftersatta utgör det ett mycket viktigt källmaterial för både forskning och förvaltning av dess kulturmiljöer.Det långsiktiga målet med förstudien och det kommande projektet är att skapa ett kunskapsunderlag för forskning och redskap för landskapsanalyser som leder till ett hållbart bevarande och förvaltning av Norrlands vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer. Inom förstudien har en rad viktiga forsknings- och förvaltningsområden identifierats. För att ta fram ett adekvat underlag inför ansökan har den bland annat mynnat ut i olika förslag på strategier för det kommande projektets genomförande och finansiering, en fördjupning av frågor som rör förvaltning av vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer, utvecklat tvärvetenskapliga forskningsfrågor, tagit fram en digitaliseringsstrategi, formaliserat ett nätverk och en referensgrupp, genomfört en behovsanalys samt en inventering för att identifiera relevant arkivmaterial inom projektdeltagarnas respektive institutioner. Med förstudien har vi således lagt grunden till ett tvärvetenskapligt forsknings- och digitaliseringsprojekt som inkluderar kulturmiljöförvaltning, arkeologi, etnologi, sociologi och naturveten-skapliga ämnen, däribland miljö- och klimatforskning.
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| 28. |
- Kamal-Eldin, Afaf, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary fiber components, microstructure, and texture of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera, L.)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Date fruits vary widely in the hardness of their edible parts and they are classified accordingly into soft, semi-dry, and dry varieties. Fruit texture, a significant parameter in determining consumer acceptance, is related to the tissue structure and chemical composition of the fruit, mainly the ratio of sucrose to reducing sugars. This study aimed to understand the relationship between the chemical composition, microstructure, and texture profile of 10 major Emirati date fruits. The soluble sugars, glucose and fructose, represent ca 80 g/100 g of the fruits on the basis of dry weight (DW) while the dietary fiber contents varied 5.2-7.4 g/100 dg D.W. with lignin being the main determinant of the variability. The textures of the samples were studied using instrumental texture profile analysis. While no correlation was found between the soluble sugar and texture parameters in this study, the different fiber constituents correlated variably with the different parameters of date fruit texture. Lignin, arabinoxylan, galactomannan, and pectin were found to correlate significantly with fruit hardness and the related parameters, gumminess and chewiness. Both lignin and arabinoxylan correlated with resilience, and arabinoxylan exhibited a strong correlation with cohesiveness.
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| 29. |
- Magnusson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Gasoline and Lubricant on Emissions and Mutagenicity of Particles and Semivolatiles in Chain Saw Exhaust
- 2000
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Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 34:14, s. 2918-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exhaust from a two-stroke chain saw engine was characterized using two different types of gasoline, aliphatic gasoline and conventional lead-free gasoline, in combination with four lubricants differing in mineral oil, polyolester, and polyisobutylene (PIB) content. This characterization was focused on emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and mutagenicity testing using Ames Salmonella assay. In addition, exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), aldehydes, and hydrocarbons (HC) were measured. The two-stroke engine was tested in a test bench, and particulate, semivolatile, and gaseous exhaust components were sampled using a dilution tunnel. Much less PAH were emitted when using aliphatic gasoline due to a much lower gasoline content of PAH and aromatics than the conventional gasoline. Also about half the NOx emissions, up to 50% higher formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions, and 10% higher total HC emissions were observed for the aliphatic gasoline. The influence of lubricant on the studied exhaust emissions was found to be of minor importance. In terms of mutagenicity, significant effects were seen for six of the eight gasoline/lubricant combinations, and the highest effects were observed without a metabolizing system. Generally, the conventional gasoline gave higher effects than did the aliphatic gasoline. A difference between lubricants was also seen, especially in combination with gasoline A; however, the interpretation of mutagenic effects of the lubricants was not straightforward. Overall, one synthetic ester-based lubricant and one mineral oil-based lubricant gave the highest mutagenicity.
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| 30. |
- Menzel, Carolin, et al.
(författare)
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Improved material properties of solution-cast starch films : Effect of varying amylopectin structure and amylose content of starch from genetically modified potatoes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 130, s. 388-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-amylose potato starches were produced through genetic modification resulting in changed granule morphology and composition, with higher amylose content and increased chain length of amylopectin. The increased amylose content and structural changes in amylopectin enhanced film-forming behavior and improved barrier and tensile properties in starch films. The molecular structure in these starches was related to film-forming properties. Solution-cast films of high-amylose starch revealed a homogeneous structure with increasing surface roughness at higher amylose content, possibly due to amylose aggregation. Films exhibited significantly higher stress and strain at break compared with films of wild-type starch, which could be attributable to the longer chains of amylopectin being involved in the interconnected network and more interaction between chains, as shown using transmission electron microscopy. The oxygen permeability of high-amylose starch films was significantly decreased compared with wild-type starch. The nature of the modified starches makes them an interesting candidate for replacement of non-renewable oxygen and grease barrier polymers used today.
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| 31. |
- Mukama, Evode, 1968-
(författare)
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Information and Communication Technology in Teacher Education : Thinking and learning in computer‐supported social practice
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to investigate how new knowledge can be developed in computer-supported social practice. Participants were selected from newly qualified secondary school teachers and student teachers at a higher education institution in Rwanda. The thesis consists of four empirical case studies, the findings of which were analysed from a sociocultural perspective. In the first study, it has been shown that novice teachers are motivated to acquire information and communication technology (ICT) and to use it in their teaching and learning. The study also reveals that they succeed in situations where school administrators grant them easy access to computers. This implies a need to develop school-based curricula and appropriate pedagogy in the area of ICT literacy, which can allow teachers to develop critical reflection vis-à-vis the new technology and enable them to cope with change in social practice. In the second study, it has been shown that, while acquiring hands-on computer skills in small task-based groups, student teachers can adopt one of the three major learning patterns: individual-led, group-led, or individual-group hybrid-led. Moreover, the study shows that the group-led framework seems to create a supportive environment for knowledge building. This may require that students receive the right kind of teacher assistance and focus on criterion-referenced reflection to regulate their learning. The findings of the third article reveal that students coping with web-based literature face a twofold reality of learning discourse rooted in their sociocultural and educational contexts: the one conveyed through the foreign languages in which they are instructed, the other whose vehicle is their native language. The study suggests an alternative way of constructing a substantial learning discourse based on dissolution of language boundaries. The fourth article shows that appropriation of ICT use can stem from learning conditions including users’ motivation and their participation in social practice. Additionally, it can stem from collaboration between active users and other students. Given this, the study suggests that active ICT users can play a role as agents of change in the implementation of the new technology. Together, the four studies show that thinking and learning with ICT can develop through the interplay of mediation, learning conditions, collaboration and critical reflection.
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| 32. |
- Sarlus, Zmar, et al.
(författare)
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Timing of plutonism in the Gällivare area : mplications for Proterozoic crustal development in the northern Norrbotten ore district, Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geological Magazine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0016-7568 .- 1469-5081. ; 155:6, s. 1351-1376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zircon ion probe (secondary-ion mass spectrometry or SIMS) data from a set of intrusive rocks emplaced in the vicinity of major ore bodies, as well as from large igneous intrusions in the Gällivare area, gave the following results: (1) the Dundret ultramafic–mafic layered complex (1883±5 Ma), the Aitik granite (1883±5 Ma), the Nautanen diorite (1870±12 Ma), the Vassaravaara ultramafic–mafic layered complex (1798±4 Ma), the Aitik dolerite (1813±9 Ma), the Bergmästergruvan and Sikträsk syenites (1795±4 Ma and 1801±3 Ma, respectively) and the Naalojärvi granite (1782±5 Ma). These data broadly fall within the ranges 1.89–1.87 Ga (early Svecofennian) and 1.80–1.78 Ga (late Svecofennian), but geochronologically allow further subdivision into pulses at 1885–1880, 1875–1870, 1800 and 1780 Ma. During these events, large layered ultramafic–mafic and felsic plutonic rocks were generated with distinct overlap in time suggesting coeval felsic–mafic magmatism. Results also indicate the presence of inherited c. 1.87 Ga zircon crystals in the plutonic rocks at 1.78 Ga, supporting reworking of the previous crust. These data indicate the importance of mantle-derived mafic underplating in the process of crustal magma generation in the region. The c. 1.88 Ga event that generated ultramafic–mafic layered complexes is tentatively suggested to have played an important role in the formation of the Aitik Cu–Au porphyry system. The later event at c. 1.80 Ga, generating voluminous mafic–felsic units, is suggested to be coupled to the regional iron-oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) overprint.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Zhao, Xue, et al.
(författare)
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Amylose starch with no detectable branching developed through DNA-free CRISPR-Cas9 mediated mutagenesis of two starch branching enzymes in potato
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA-free genome editing was used to induce mutations in one or two branching enzyme genes (Sbe) in tetraploid potato to develop starch with an increased amylose ratio and elongated amylopectin chains. By using ribonucleoprotein (RNP) transfection of potato protoplasts, a mutation frequency up to 72% was achieved. The large variation of mutations was grouped as follows: Group 1 lines with all alleles of Sbe1 mutated, Group 2 lines with all alleles of Sbe1 as well as two to three alleles of Sbe2 mutated and Group 3 lines having all alleles of both genes mutated. Starch from lines in Group 3 was found to be essentially free of amylopectin with no detectable branching and a chain length (CL) distribution where not only the major amylopectin fraction but also the shortest amylose chains were lost. Surprisingly, the starch still formed granules in a low-ordered crystalline structure. Starch from lines of Group 2 had an increased CL with a higher proportion of intermediate-sized chains, an altered granule phenotype but a crystalline structure in the granules similar to wild-type starch. Minor changes in CL could also be detected for the Group 1 starches when studied at a higher resolution.
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| 35. |
- Zhao, Xue, et al.
(författare)
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Internal structure and thermal properties of potato starches varying widely in amylose content
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0268-005X .- 1873-7137. ; 135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The correlation between starch internal structure and thermal properties (gelatinisation and retrogradation) was studied in starches of wild-type potatoes and potatoes from the lines with altered starch synthase or branching enzyme activities (GBSS, SS, SBE), representing a range of amylose:amylopectin ratio from 2 to >99.5% amylopectin. The different potato lines were divided into Group 1-8 depending on the mutation targets. The internal chain distribution and building block composition of beta-limit dextrins (beta-LDs) in the whole starches were analysed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and high-performance size -exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) based on a recently developed simplified method. The building blocks were categorised into five size groups (G2-G6). Thermal properties of the starches were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The proportion of fingerprint B-chains with the degree of polymerisation 4-7, and the composition of intermediate (G4) and large (G5 and G6) building blocks of starches generally decreased in the order of potato lines from Group 2 (full Sbe1 and partial Sbe2 mutated)>Group 1 (full Sbe1 mutated)>wild-type > Group 7 (full Gbss and Ss2, and partial Ss3 mutated)>Group 8 (full Gbss, Ss2, and Ss3 mutated). The starch of amylopectin-rich potato lines from Group 8 with multiple genes targeted and the highest degree of mutations showed the lowest enthalpy of gelatinisation (15.0 J/g of amylopectin) and retrogradation (3.1 J/g of amylo-pectin), compared to starches of potato lines from other groups. More intermediate and large building blocks led to higher gelatinisation temperatures. Retrogradation was favoured by dense structure of the amylopectins with many short internal chains.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Alkner, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Quality assessment of radiotherapy in the prospective randomized SENOMAC trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Recommendations for regional radiotherapy (RT) of sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive breast cancer are debated. We here report a RT quality assessment of the SENOMAC trial.Materials and Methods: The SENOMAC trial randomized clinically node-negative breast cancer patients with 1–2 SLN macrometastases to completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) or SLN biopsy only between 2015–2021. Adjuvant RT followed national guidelines. RT plans for patients included in Sweden and Denmark until June 2019 were collected (N = 1176) and compared to case report forms (CRF). Dose to level I (N = 270) and the humeral head (N = 321) was analyzed in detail.Results: CRF-data and RT plans agreed in 99.3 % (breast/chest wall) and in 96.6 % of patients (regional RT). Congruence for whether level I was an intended RT target was lower (78 %). In accordance with Danish national guidelines, level I was more often an intended target in the SLN biopsy only arm (N = 334/611, 55 %,) than in the cALND arm (N = 174/565, 31 %,). When an intended target, level I received prescribed dose to 100 % (IQR 98–100 %) of the volume. However, even when not an intended target, full dose was delivered to > 80 % of level I (IQR 75–90 %). The intentional inclusion of level I in the target volume more than doubled the dose received by ≥ 50 % of the humeral head.Conclusion: Congruence between CRF data and RT plans was excellent. Level I received a high dose coverage even when not intentionally included in the target. Including level I in target significantly increased dose to the humeral head.
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| 42. |
- Alkner, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Quality assessment of radiotherapy in the prospective randomized SENOMAC trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Recommendations for regional radiotherapy (RT) of sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive breast cancer are debated. We here report a RT quality assessment of the SENOMAC trial. Materials and Methods: The SENOMAC trial randomized clinically node-negative breast cancer patients with 1-2 SLN macrometastases to completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) or SLN biopsy only between 2015-2021. Adjuvant RT followed national guidelines. RT plans for patients included in Sweden and Denmark until June 2019 were collected (N = 1176) and compared to case report forms (CRF). Dose to level I (N = 270) and the humeral head (N = 321) was analyzed in detail.
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| 43. |
- Altskär, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Some effects of processing on the molecular structure and morphology of thermoplastic starch
- 2008
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 71:4, s. 591-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydroxypropylated and oxidised potato starch (HONPS) was used together with glycerol and water to produce thermoplastic starch. The amount of glycerol was kept constant at 22 parts by weight per 100 parts of dry starch. The thermoplastic starch was converted into films/sheets using three different processing techniques; casting, compression moulding and film blowing. The last two methods represent typical thermoplastic conversion techniques requiring elevated processing temperatures. By means of size-exclusion chromatography, it was found that compression moulding and film blowing led to some degradation of high-molecular weight amylopectin as well as of high-molecular weight amylose-like molecules. The degradation was significantly less pronounced for the cast films. The morphology of the specimens was quite complex and phase separations on different levels were identified. In the cast films and, to a lesser extent, in the compression-moulded specimens, a fine network structure could be distinguished. Such a structure could however not be ascertained in the film-blown material and this is discussed in terms of the thermo-mechanical treatment of the starch materials. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 44. |
- Alves, G., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Proteins via MiCId's Augmented Workflow. A Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1044-0305 .- 1879-1123. ; 33:6, s. 917-931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fast and accurate identifications of pathogenic bacteria along with their associated antibiotic resistance proteins are of paramount importance for patient treatments and public health. To meet this goal from the mass spectrometry aspect, we have augmented the previously published Microorganism Classification and Identification (MiCId) workflow for this capability. To evaluate the performance of this augmented workflow, we have used MS/MS datafiles from samples of 10 antibiotic resistance bacterial strains belonging to three different species: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The evaluation shows that MiCId's workflow has a sensitivity value around 85% (with a lower bound at about 72%) and a precision greater than 95% in identifying antibiotic resistance proteins. In addition to having high sensitivity and precision, MiCId's workflow is fast and portable, making it a valuable tool for rapid identifications of bacteria as well as detection of their antibiotic resistance proteins. It performs microorganismal identifications, protein identifications, sample biomass estimates, and antibiotic resistance protein identifications in 6-17 min per MS/MS sample using computing resources that are available in most desktop and laptop computers. We have also demonstrated other use of MiCId's workflow. Using MS/MS data sets from samples of two bacterial clonal isolates, one being antibiotic-sensitive while the other being multidrug-resistant, we applied MiCId's workflow to investigate possible mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in these pathogenic bacteria; the results showed that MiCId's conclusions agree with the published study.
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| 45. |
- Andersen, Hans Skifter, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of housing policies and housing markets on ethnic spatial segregation : Comparing the capital cities of four Nordic welfare states
- 2016
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Ingår i: International journal of housing policy. - London : Routledge. - 1949-1247 .- 1949-1255. ; 16:1, s. 1-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines how ethnic segregation is connected to an ethnic division of the housing market and a spatial separation of different housing tenures in four Nordic cities. Explanations for the differences across the cities are found by comparing housing markets and housing policies. The housing markets are in all four cities ethnically segmented with high concentrations of immigrants in some forms of tenures (especially social/public housing) and low concentrations in others. We further discuss the reasons for the observed pattern. The paper shows that the spatial distribution of immigrants is strongly connected with the tenure composition of neighbourhoods. Ethnic divisions of housing tenures thus contributes to segregation, but the effect is much dependent on how tenures are distributed spatially. It is shown that ethnic segregation in three of the cities is connected to social housing, while cooperative housing is crucial in the fourth. It is also shown that a policy of neighbourhood tenure mix in one of the cities has resulted in a relatively low degree of segregation in spite of high concentrations of immigrants in social/public housing.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of physical exercise on phospholipid fatty acid composition in skeletal muscle
- 1998
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 274:37, s. E432-E438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of low-intensity exercise on the fatty acid composition in skeletal muscle and in serum were studied in 19 sedentary, middle-aged Swedish men. During a 10-wk period, all subjects were given a standardized diet with an identical fat composition. After 4 wk on this diet, they were randomly allocated to a daily exercise program (55% peak oxygen uptake) or to continue to live a sedentary life for the remaining 6 wk. Aerobic capacity (submaximal bicycle test) and peripheral insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) improved with training, whereas the body weight as well as the body composition (underwater weighing and bioimpedance) were unchanged. The proportions of palmitic acid (16:0) and linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)] and the sum of n-6 fatty acids [18:2(n-6), 20:3(n-6), 20:4(n-6)] were decreased in skeletal muscle phospholipids, whereas the proportion of oleic acid [18:1(n-9)] was increased, by training. The fatty acid profile in skeletal muscle triglycerides remained unchanged. We conclude that regular low-intensity exercise influences the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids in skeletal muscle, which hypothetically may contribute to changes of the skeletal muscle membrane fluidity and influence the peripheral insulin sensitivity.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Fatty acid profile of skeletal muscle phospholipids in trained and untrained young men
- 2000
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 279:4, s. E744-E751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endurance trained (n = 14) and untrained young men (n = 15) were compared regarding the fatty acid profile of the vastus lateralis muscle after 8 wk on diets with a similar fatty acid composition. The skeletal muscle phospholipids in the trained group contained lower proportions of palmitic acid (16:0) (-12.4%, P < 0.001) and di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid [20:3(n-6)] (-15.3%, P = 0.018), a lower n-6-to-n-3 ratio (-42.0%, P = 0.015), higher proportions of stearic acid (18:0) (+9.8%, P = 0.004) and sum of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (+33.8%, P = 0.009), and a higher ratio between 20:4(n-6) to 20:3(n-6) (+18.4%, P = 0.006) compared with those in the untrained group. The group differences in 16:0, 20:3(n-6), 18:0/16:0, and 20:4(n-6)/20:3(n-6) were independent of fiber-type distribution. The trained group also showed a lower proportion of 16:0 (-7.9%, P < 0.001) in skeletal muscle triglycerides irrespective of fiber type. In conclusion, the fatty acid profile of the skeletal muscle differed between trained and untrained individuals, although the dietary fatty acid composition was similar. This difference was not explained by different fiber-type distribution alone but appears to be a direct consequence of changes in fatty acid metabolism due to the higher level of physical activity.
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