| 1. |
- Andersson, Lars-Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Thallium-201 Myocardial Imaging at Rest in Male Orienteers and Other Endurance Athletes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 106:1, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the period 1979 to 1992, 16 sudden unexpected cardiac deaths were known to have occurred in young Swedish orienteers. Autopsy indicated myocarditis to be the most frequent finding, most often combined with extensive myocardial fibrosis. The aim of the present investigation was to explore whether young male orienteers show a higher frequency than other young elite endurance athletes (controls) in the occurrence of Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion defects at rest, suggestive of fibrosis evoked by myocarditis. Thallium-201 perfusion abnormalities at rest were more frequently found in the controls than in the orienteers (26% vs. 12%, p=0.03). Uneven Tl-201 perfusion was associated with left ventricular mass (r=0.32, r=0.24, p<0.01, p=0.02) and body weight (r=0.30, r=0.31, p<0.01, p=0.03) in orienteers and controls, respectively. Echocardiographic left ventricular wall motion abnormalities were found in 11 athletes (9 orienteers and 2 controls) but only two displayed an abnormal Thallium-201 perfusion scan at rest. Perfusion abnormalities at rest did not occur more frequently in the orienteers but were commonly found in both groups of apparently healthy athletes making it futile to discern abnormals from normals. Thallium-201 perfusion aberrations were not associated with left ventricular wall motion abnormalities obtained by echocardiography.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Baranowska, Izabella, et al.
(författare)
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Sensory ataxic neuropathy in golden retriever dogs is caused by a deletion in the mitochondrial tRNATyr gene
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 5:5, s. e1000499-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sensory ataxic neuropathy (SAN) is a recently identified neurological disorder in golden retrievers. Pedigree analysis revealed that all affected dogs belong to one maternal lineage, and a statistical analysis showed that the disorder has a mitochondrial origin. A one base pair deletion in the mitochondrial tRNA(Tyr) gene was identified at position 5304 in affected dogs after re-sequencing the complete mitochondrial genome of seven individuals. The deletion was not found among dogs representing 18 different breeds or in six wolves, ruling out this as a common polymorphism. The mutation could be traced back to a common ancestor of all affected dogs that lived in the 1970s. We used a quantitative oligonucleotide ligation assay to establish the degree of heteroplasmy in blood and tissue samples from affected dogs and controls. Affected dogs and their first to fourth degree relatives had 0-11% wild-type (wt) sequence, while more distant relatives ranged between 5% and 60% wt sequence and all unrelated golden retrievers had 100% wt sequence. Northern blot analysis showed that tRNA(Tyr) had a 10-fold lower steady-state level in affected dogs compared with controls. Four out of five affected dogs showed decreases in mitochondrial ATP production rates and respiratory chain enzyme activities together with morphological alterations in muscle tissue, resembling the changes reported in human mitochondrial pathology. Altogether, these results provide conclusive evidence that the deletion in the mitochondrial tRNA(Tyr) gene is the causative mutation for SAN.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Hedvig, et al.
(författare)
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Young adults looking back at their experiences of treatment and care for nonsuicidal self-injury during adolescence: a qualitative study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : BMC. - 1753-2000. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with stigma, and negative attitudes among healthcare professionals toward NSSI have been reported. A person-centered approach that focuses on how individuals with lived experience of NSSI perceive the treatment and care they receive is invaluable in reducing barriers to help-seeking and improving treatment and mental healthcare services. The aim of the current qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of young adults when they look back upon their experiences of psychiatric treatment for NSSI during adolescence.MethodsTwenty-six individuals with lived experience of NSSI who were in contact with child and adolescent psychiatry during adolescence were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were developed: Changed perceptions in retrospect, The importance of a collaborative conceptualization and Lasting impression of the relationship. Participants' perception of themselves as well as the treatment changed over time. The importance of a joint understanding of NSSI and an agreed-upon treatment focus was emphasized. The relationship to the mental health professionals, and experiences of how NSSI was communicated, were salient several years later.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals need to communicate about NSSI in a respectful manner and include the perspective of the adolescent with lived experience of NSSI in a joint conceptualization of NSSI and treatment focus.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Rolf E, et al.
(författare)
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Antibacterial activity of plantaricin SIK-83, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum
- 1988
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Ingår i: Biochimie. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9084 .- 1638-6183. ; 70:3, s. 381-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lactobacillus plantarum SIK-83 produces a bacteriocin, designated plantaricin SIK-83, which inhibits 66 of 68 lactic acid bacteria from the genera Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Streptococcus. A 500-fold dilution of L. plantarum SIK-83 MRS culture supernatant with phosphate buffer was sufficient to kill 105 cells/ml of Pediococcus pentosaceus within 120s. The killing of a sensitive population followed exponential kinetics. It shown that the bacteriocin binds specifically to sensitive cells but not to nonsensitive lactic acid bacteria, the producer strain or Gram-negative bacteria. Sensitive cells, after exposure to the bacteriocin, could be rescued by treatment with proteolytic enzymes. In buffer, plantaricin SIK-83 was adsorbed to the cell surface almost immediately, and morphological lesions were observed within 2 h after the cells were exposed to the bacteriocin. The lethal mode of action appeared to be due to damage to the cell membrane, resulting in cell lysis, which was detected by electron microscopy and by determination of released intracellular components. © 1988.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Rolf E.
(författare)
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Concentration and partial purification of lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens
- 1980
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Ingår i: Biotechnology letters. - 0141-5492 .- 1573-6776. ; 2:5, s. 247-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During ultrafiltration in a hollow fiber device 105 liters of lipase frort Pseudomonas fluorescens was concentrated to 4 liters with a yield of 56% of total initial activity. The concentrated lipase solution was lyophilized and purified on a DEAE-cellulose anion exchanger column. The partly purified lipase was found to probably contain carbohydrates. © 1980 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Rolf E., et al.
(författare)
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HPLC analysis of organic acids in lactic acid fermented vegetables
- 1983
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung. - 0044-3026. ; 176:6, s. 440-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An HPLC technique is described for the analysis of organic acids in lactic acid fermented vegetables. An Aminex HPX-87 column with 0.013 M-H 2SO 4 as mobile phase was used. Separation data are presented for oxalic, citric, tartaric, malic, succinic, lactic, formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. Interference problems from sugars are also reported. © 1983 J. F. Bergmann Verlag.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Rolf E.
(författare)
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Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and spheroplasts of Gram-negative bacteria by an antagonistic compound produced by a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum
- 1986
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 3:3, s. 149-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was examined for production of an extracellular antagonistic compound. Cellfree preparations, dialyzed to remove organic acids, were used in inhibition studies which revealed that Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive. Among these, Staphylococcus aureus was chosen for further characterization of the agent. The antagonistic compound was susceptible to breakdown by proteolytic enzymes and its effect was completely lost after heat treatment at 121°C for 15 min. Ultrafiltration studies indicated that the agent had a molecular weight of over 100, 000, suggesting a complex protein-containing aggregate. The antagonistic effect was found to be highest at low pH values and S. aureus was shown to be able to adapt to the agent. Most Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to the compound. However, after their transformation to spheroplasts, which removed most of the cell envelopes, these bacteria were sensitized. The conclusion is that the antagonistic mechanism probably includes agent influence on the cell surface. © 1986.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Rolf E.
(författare)
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Microbial lipolysis at low temperatures
- 1980
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 39:1, s. 36-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Rolf E.
(författare)
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Nitrate reduction during fermentation by Gram-negative bacterial activity in carrots
- 1985
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 2:4, s. 219-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carrots were subjected to lactic acid fermentation through the action of a starter culture, Lactobacillus plantarum, and changes in the amount of both the naturally present and added nitrate were recorded. The nitrate content in the carrots decreased to about 10% of the original amount during the initial stage of the fermentation process. By using irradiation-sterilized carrots it was shown that the decrease in the nitrate content is a result of the activity of the Gram-negative bacteria, which dominate the flora during the initial stage of the fermentation process, and that the lactic acid bacteria present were unable to affect the nitrate content. The nitrite concentration was also determined and was found not to exceed 0.2 mg/kg on any occasion. The conclusion is that if the nitrate content of carrots is to be lowered in a fermentation process, this process must be controlled in such a way as to allow the original Gram-negative flora to reduce the nitrate amount before the starter organism takes over. © 1985.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bergström, Sara K., et al.
(författare)
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Screening of microdialysates taken before and after induced liver damage; on-line solid phase extraction-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1120:1-2, s. 21-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel method is described to follow known and unknown compounds in biological processes using microdialysis sampling and mass spectrometric detection. By implementation of internal standard, desalting/enrichment for the sample work-up, and multivariate data analysis, this methodology is a basis for future applications in early diagnosis of diseases and organ damage, as a complement to the routinely used clinical methods for biological samples. The present study includes screening without specific target analytes, of samples collected by microdialysis from liver of anaesthetized rats before and after local damage to this organ. Sample series were classified by principal component analysis, and the stimulation was identified in the chemical patterns produced by the presented analytical tool.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Boström, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Conditions for Transformative Learning for Sustainable Development : A Theoretical Review and Approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continued unsustainability and surpassed planetary boundaries require not only scientific and technological advances, but deep and enduring social and cultural changes. The purpose of this article is to contribute a theoretical approach to understand conditions and constraints for societal change towards sustainable development. In order to break with unsustainable norms, habits, practices, and structures, there is a need for learning for transformation, not only adaption. Based on a critical literature review within the field of learning for sustainable development, our approach is a development of the concept of transformative learning, by integrating three additional dimensions—Institutional Structures, Social Practices, and Conflict Perspectives. This approach acknowledges conflicts on macro, meso, and micro levels, as well as structural and cultural constraints. It contends that transformative learning is processual, interactional, long-term, and cumbersome. It takes place within existing institutions and social practices, while also transcending them. The article adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective that acknowledges the importance of transformative learning in order for communities, organizations, and individuals to be able to deal with global sustainability problems, acknowledging the societal and personal conflicts involved in such transformation.
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| 19. |
- Bratt, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Avenanthramides in Oats (Avena Sativa L.) and Structure-Activity Relationships
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 51:3, s. 594-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight avenanthramides, amides of anthranilic acid (1) and 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (2), respectively, and the four cinnamic acids p-coumaric (p), caffeic (c), ferulic (f), and sinapic (s) acid, were synthesized for identification in oat extracts and for structure−antioxidant activity studies. Three compounds (2p, 2c, and 2f) were found in oat extracts. As assessed by the reactivity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), all avenanthramides except 1p showed activity. Initially, the antioxidant activity of the avenanthramides decreased in a similar order as for the corresponding cinnamic acids, that is: sinapic > caffeic > ferulic > p-coumaric acid. The avenanthramides derived from 2 were usually slightly more active than those derived from 1. All avenanthramides inhibited azo-initiated peroxidation of linoleic acid. 1c and 1s were initially the most effective compounds. The relative order of antioxidant activities was slightly different for the DPPH and the linoleic acid assays run in methanol and chlorobenzene, respectively.
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| 20. |
- Daeschel, M.A., et al.
(författare)
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Microbial ecology of fermenting plant materials
- 1987
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Letters. - 0378-1097 .- 1574-6968. ; 46:3, s. 357-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lactic acid fermentation of plant materials is presented from an ecological perspective emphasizing microbial interactions and their influence on the production of fermented plant foods and silage. The plant lactic acid bacteria are discussed in terms of evolution; epiphytic function; physical distribution within fermented material; substrates and products; microbial sequences in fermentation; interactions among species; pure culture fermentation; and starter culture development. © 1987.
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| 21. |
- Ekdahl, Christer, 1962-
(författare)
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Infective Endocarditis : aspects of pathophysiology, epidemiology, management and prognosis
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but complex disease that is fatal if untreated. With a modern combination of antimicrobial therapy and heart valve surgery, mortality is still 10-20 %. The structure of the endocarditis vegetation impedes the penetration of phagocytic cells such as monocytes and granulocytes. This leads to high bacterial counts inside the vegetation and the need for long treatment courses with a combination of intravenously administered bactericidal antibiotics.The aim of this thesis was to study the changes in epidemiology, management, and mortality at our hospital between 1980 and 2001, and to identify prognostic factors associated with mortality. To assess the issue of referral bias, differences between referred episodes and episodes from our local community were studied. Additional aims were to study the occurrence of the pro-chemotactic cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α in heart valves and vegetations during the active phase of IE, and to study the effect of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin in dense staphylococcal cultures in vitro. As it is a rare and complex disease, management of IE is usually complicated for non-specialists. For this reason a computerised decision support system for IE was developed and evaluated.Between 1980 and 2001, the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus IE and the use of early heart valve surgery increased significantly, regardless of whether the episodes were referred or of local origin. Glycopeptide antibiotics, mainly vancomycin, were used more frequently, especially among referred patients. Referred patients were younger, predominantly male, had more complications, and received surgical treatment more often than patients from our local community. The reason for the lower frequency of female patients in the referral cohort cannot be explained by more comorbidity or fewer complications. The differences between referred and local episodes seen in our study highlight the need for assessment and adjustment for referral bias in IE studies (Paper I).In six patients who needed early heart valve surgery, the largest numbers of IL-8-containing cells, and the greatest amount of inflammation, were seen in patients with short preoperative antimicrobial treatment courses. No such relationships were seen with respect to TNF-α-containing cells. The IL-8-containing cells and the inflammatory cells were predominantly scattered in the heart valve stroma or in the margin of the vegetation (Paper II). The primary effect of IL-8 is to stimulate chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes. This indicates that there is no deficiency of IL-8 in the area close to the vegetation as a cause of the localised agranulocytosis often present inside the vegetation.Our study revealed a need for computerised decision support systems (DSSs) in the field of IE, but to be used in clinical practice these DSSs need be part of knowledge bases covering larger domains (Paper IV). Some of our initial ideas described in Paper III, especially the use of Internet technology and the combination of rule-based advice and explanatory hypertext, will probably be included in these knowledge bases.In vitro, there is a rapid reduction of free vancomycin in broth containing dense staphylococcal cultures. Consequently, there is a simultaneous increase in broth MICs, particularly in high inocula, which is not caused by a development of resistance (Paper V). These findings need further evaluation in vivo, but indicate that the dosing regimen of vancomycin is of particular importance in staphylococcal infections with dense inocula, e.g. infective endocarditis.Diabetes mellitus and moderate to severe heart failure were independent risk factors for 6-month mortality in left-sided, Duke definite IE episodes, regardless of referral or local origin of the episodes. Early heart valve surgery had a positive impact on the 6-month mortality in the referral cohort of episodes, which may be due to referral bias (Paper VI).
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| 22. |
- Gretenkort Andersson, Nadine, et al.
(författare)
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Intracranial haemorrhage in children and adolescents with severe haemophilia A or B - the impact of prophylactic treatment
- 2017
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048. ; 179:2, s. 298-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discussion of prophylactic therapy in haemophilia is largely focused on joint outcomes. The impact of prophylactic therapy on intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is less known. This study aimed to analyse ICH in children with haemophilia, with a focus on different prophylaxis regimens and sequelae of ICH. We conducted a multicentre retrospective and prospective study that included 33 haemophilia centres from 20 countries. Inclusion criteria were children and adolescents born between 1993 and 2014, with severe haemophilia A or B without inhibitors. Participants were categorized by prophylaxis regimen: full, partial or none, based on dose and dose frequency of regular infusions. The cohort study included 1515 children: 29 cases of ICH over 8038 patient years were reported. The incidence of ICH in the prophylaxis group, 0·00033 cases of ICH/patient year, was significantly lower compared to the no prophylaxis group, 0·017 cases of ICH/patient year (RR 50·06; P < 0·001) and the partial prophylaxis group, 0·0050 cases of ICH/patient year (RR 14·92; P = 0·007). In the on-demand-group, 8% (2/24) children with ICH died and 33% had long-term sequelae, including intellectual and behavioural problems, paresis and epilepsy. Children on regular, frequent prophylaxis have a low risk of ICH compared to those using non-frequent or no prophylaxis.
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| 23. |
- Jacobsson, Leif S., et al.
(författare)
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Antiatherosclerotic Effects of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Captopril and Fosinopril in Hypercholesterolemic Minipigs
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. - 0160-2446 .- 1533-4023. ; 24:4, s. 670-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated the two angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors captopril and fosinopril with regard to possible antiatherosclerotic effects in minipigs. Experimental hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis was produced in 33 minipigs of the Gottingen strain by an egg yolk/cholesterol-enriched diet for 1 year. One group (n = 11) was fed the atherogenic diet alone and served as a control. A second group (n = 11) received captopril (80 mg/kg/day) added to the atherogenic diet, and a third group (n = 11) was treated in the same manner but with fosinopril (8 mg/kglday). The drug treatments produced significant reduction in serum ACE activity associated with a reactive increase in plasma renin activity (PRA), but had only minor effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. At the end of the treatment period, all animals were killed and examined for degree of atherosclerosis. The percentage of atherosclerotic area in the abdominal aorta was significantly lower in both drug-treated groups as compared with controls. Furthermore, accumulation of cholesterol in the thoracic and abdominal aorta was inhibited by drug treatment. Finally, the percentage of intimal thickening in abdominal aorta was significantly reduced in the drug-treated groups. In conclusion, the ACE inhibitors captopril and fosinopril inhibited development of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic minipigs.
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| 24. |
- Karlsson, Jan-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Mangafodipir as a cardioprotective adjunct to reperfusion therapy: a feasibility study in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. - : European Society of Cardiology. - 2055-6837 .- 2055-6845. ; 1:1, s. 39-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims The aim of the present study was to examine the feasibility of applying the catalytic antioxidant mangafodipir [MnDPDP, manganese (Mn) dipyridoxyl diphosphate] as a cardioprotective adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation (STE) myocardial infarction (STEMI). Both MnDPDP and a metabolite (Mn dipyridoxyl ethyldiamine) possess properties as mitochondrial superoxide dismutase mimetics and iron chelators, and combat oxidative stress in various tissues and conditions.Methods and resultsThe study tested MnDPDP (n ¼ 10) vs. saline placebo (n ¼ 10), given as a brief intravenous (i.v.) infusion prior to balloon inflation during pPCI in patients with STEMI. Mangafodipir waswell tolerated and did not affect heart rate or blood pressure. Despite longer ischaemic time (205 vs. 144 min, P ¼ 0.019) in theMnDPDPgroup, plasma biomarker releaseswere identical for the two groups. With placebo vs.MnDPDP, mean STE resolutions were 69.8 vs. 81.9% (P ¼ 0.224) at 6 h and 73.1 vs. 84.3% (P ¼ 0.077) at 48 h. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed mean infarct sizes of 32.5 vs. 26.2% (P ¼ 0.406) andmeanleft ventricular (LV) ejection fractions of 41.8 vs. 47.7% (P ¼ 0.617) with placebovs.MnDPDP.More LVthrombi were detected in placebo hearts (5 of 8) than MnDPDP-treated hearts (1 of 10; P ¼ 0.011).Conclusions Mangafodipir is a safe drug for use as an adjunct to reperfusion therapy. A tendency to benefit of MnDPDP needs confirmation in a larger population. The study revealed important information for the design of a Phase II trial.
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| 25. |
- Klinth, J. E., et al.
(författare)
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A novel application of multi-wavelength TIRF spectroscopy for real time monitoring of antithrombin interactions with immobilized heparin
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biosensors & bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5663 .- 1873-4235. ; 21:10, s. 1973-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real time interactions of antithrombin (AT) with Corline Heparin Surfaces (CHS) with one and two layers of heparin conjugate have been examined using a multi-wavelength TIRF spectroscopy technique with continuous flow. Fluorescently labeled AT, adsorbed from citrated human blood plasma, showed significantly higher signals on CHS compared to the cationic surface used to attach the heparin conjugate. The AT binding to CHS was very stable, also after exposure to soluble heparin at a concentration of 1.5 IU/mL. Only a few percent of the bound AT were displaced from the surfaces by AT present in plasma after long-term exposure to plasma. In contrast, larger amounts of the freshly added AT had adsorbed to the surfaces, especially to the surface with two layers of heparin conjugate, indicating the presence of unsaturated AT binding sites. The amount of AT bound to the different surfaces was quantified after elution using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Characteristic emission spectra of proteins and fluorophores of labeled proteins, obtained at the surfaces after a long-term exposure to plasma, confirmed their presence at the surfaces. The multi-wavelength TIRF technique proved to be a useful tool when combined with other techniques to study the time course of interactions of fluorescently labeled proteins with biomaterials, even in a complex environment such as plasma.
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| 26. |
- Martensson, L.G.E., et al.
(författare)
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Is Ca2+ the second messenger in the response to melatonin in cuckoo wrasse melanophores?
- 2000
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Ingår i: Life Sciences. - 0024-3205 .- 1879-0631. ; 66:11, s. 1003-1010
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pigment aggregation in melanophores of Labrus ossifagus is controlled by an a2-adrenoceptor and is somehow modulated by melatonin. The signal transduction mechanisms seem to involve both an attenuation of cAMP and an increase in intracellular Ca2+, inhibiting protein kinase A or activating a phosphatase, respectively. These effects result in dephosphorylation, which in turn induces aggregation. Various a2-adrenoceptor agonists attenuate cAMP levels or increase the concentration of intracellular Ca2+. Noradrenaline, for example, lowers cAMP but does not affect the calcium signal whereas B-HT 920, an a2-adrenoceptor specific agonist, does not induce a cAMP decrease but does appear to induce an increase in intracellular Ca2+. This later inference is drawn from experiments with BAPTA/AM, an intracellular calcium chelator, which counteracts the aggregation induced by B-HT 920. Interestingly, the very potent a2-adrenoceptor agonist medetomidine apparently activates both signal transduction pathways, which could explain its high efficacy in producing aggregation. Melatonin itself does not cause pigment aggregation, but it potentiates noradrenaline-induced aggregation. It has been suggested that melatonin receptors and a2- adrenoceptors follow the same signal transduction pathway, i.e. an attenuation of cAMP. In our experiments, melatonin did not reduce cAMP levels, instead it appears to increase Ca2+ concentration, since melatonin- potentiated aggregation was inhibited by BAPTA/AM. Thus, aggregation amplified by melatonin is probably not mediated by a further decrease in cAMP, but by the same signal transduction mechanism as B-HT 920, i.e. an increase in Ca2+. This further strengthens the suggestion that melatonin and B-HT 920 bind to the same site, but it is unclear if that particular site is on the melatonin receptor or the a2-adrenoceptor.
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| 27. |
- Nordgreen, Tine, et al.
(författare)
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The effectiveness of guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder in a routine care setting
- 2018
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Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-7829. ; 13, s. 24-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common mental disorder with high persistence when untreated. As access to effective treatment is limited, guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) has been proposed as an effective alternative to face-to-face treatment. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of a 14-week therapist-guided ICBT program for patients with SAD undergoing routine care. From 2014 to 2017, 169 patients were included in the study, of which 145 started the treatment. The sample was all general practitioner-referred and had a lower educational level and higher rate of work absence compared to similar effectiveness studies. Regarding social anxiety symptoms, we identified significant within-group effect sizes (post-treatment: d = 1.00–1.10; six-month follow-up: d = 1.03–1.55). We also found significant effects on secondary depression symptoms (d = 0.67). Clinically significant improvement was reported by 66.2% of the participants, and 16.6% had a significant deterioration. Clinical implications of the current study are that guided ICBT for SAD is an effective treatment for the majority of the patients undergoing routine care. Future studies should explore interventions targeting non-responders and deteriorated patients.
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| 28. |
- Nordgreen, Tine, et al.
(författare)
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The implementation of guided Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder in a routine-care setting : effectiveness and implementation efforts
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 47:1, s. 62-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Panic disorder is a common mental disorder. Guided Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (Guided Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT)) is a promising approach to reach more people in need of help. In the present effectiveness study, we investigated the outcome of guided ICBT for panic disorder after implementation in routine care. A total of 124 patients were included in the study, of which 114 started the treatment. Large within-group effect sizes were observed on the primary panic disorder symptoms (post-treatment: d = 1.24; 6-month follow-up: d = 1.39) and moderate and large effects on secondary panic disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms at post-treatment and follow-up (d = .55–1.13). More than half (56.1%) of the patients who started treatment recovered or improved at post-treatment. Among treatment takers (completed at least five of the nine modules), 69.9% recovered or improved. The effectiveness reported in the present trial is in line with previous effectiveness and efficacy trials of guided ICBT for panic disorder. This provides additional support for guided ICBT as a treatment alternative in routine care.
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| 29. |
- Nordgreen, Tine, et al.
(författare)
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Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder in a Routine Care Setting
- 2018
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Ingår i: Abstracts book. ; , s. 59-59
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Social anxiety disorder is a common mental disorder with high persistence when remained untreated. Access to effective treatment is scarce. Goals: In this study we examined the effectiveness of a 14 week therapist-guided ICBT for patients with social anxiety disorder in routine care. Results: From 2014 to 2017 a total of 169 patients were included in the study, of which 145 started the treatment. On the social anxiety symptoms we identified large within-group effect sizes. We also found moderate effects on the secondary depression symptoms. Significant improvement was reported by 66.2% of the participants and 16.6% had a significant deterioration. Conclusions: Clinical implications from the current study is discussed.
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| 30. |
- Persson, Karin, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Glyceryl trinitrate-induced angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in healthy volunteers is dependent on ACE genotype
- 2005
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0008-4212 .- 1205-7541. ; 83:12, s. 1117-1122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence concerning the importance of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype in cardiovascular diseases is accumulating. The aim of this study was to investigate if nitric oxide (NO), generated from glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), affects human serum ACE activity in vivo, and if so, whether this effect was dependent on ACE genotype and (or) reflected in blood pressure reduction. A tablet containing 5 mg GTN was bucally administered for 5 minutes to 17 healthy volunteers. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded, and serum ACE activity, ACE genotype, and plasma cGMP was analyzed. GTN administration significantly reduced BP only in individuals with the deletion/deletion (DD) genotype. Sixty minutes after GTN administration, serum ACE activity was reduced in individuals with the insertion/insertion (II) and insertion/deletion (ID) genotypes, but not the DD genotype. Comparing the change in ACE activity over time between the genotypes resulted in the following: II vs. DD, p < 0.01, II vs. ID, p < 0.05, and ID vs. DD, p < 0.05. There was no significant difference in plasma cGMp content neither between the ACE genotypes nor before and after GTN administration. In conclusion, GTN inhibits serum ACE in vivo in individuals with the II and ID, but not the DD genotype. © 2005 NRC Canada.
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| 31. |
- Toll, Johan B, et al.
(författare)
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Purification of human basophils by affinity chromatography on anti-IgE-sepharose 6MB
- 1981
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 36:6, s. 411-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work describes a method for the purification of basophil leukocytes from human peripheral blood by the use of a three-step separation technique including affinity chromatography on anti-IgE-sepharose 6MB. The purity of the obtained basophils was 50--95% and the recovery was 30--40%. The basophils separated by this method appeared normal and were found to be reactive with anti-IgE in subsequent tests.
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