| 1. |
- Abdelhady, Dalia, et al.
(författare)
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The Nile and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Is There a Meeting Point between Nationalism and Hydrosolidarity?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education. - 1936-704X. ; 155:1, s. 73-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The soon-to-be completed Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which will be the largest hydroelectric power plant and among the largest reservoirs in Africa, has highlighted the need for expanding traditional integrated water resources management to better include the cultural, social, and political complexities of large water infrastructure in development projects. The GERD will store a maximum of 74 billion cubic meters of water corresponding to approximately the average annual outflow of the Nile from the Aswan high dam. Undoubtedly, the GERD will be vital for energy production and a key factor for food production, economic development, and poverty reduction in Ethiopia and the Nile Basin. However, the GERD is also a political statement that in one stroke has re-written the hydropolitical map of the Nile Basin. The GERD has become a symbol of Ethiopian nationalism or “renaissance” (hidase in Amharic). A contrasting concept to nationalism is hydrosolidarity. This concept has been put forward to better stress equitable use of water in international water management challenges that would lead to sustainable socioeconomic development. We use the opposing notions of nationalism and hydrosolidarity at three different scales, everyday politics, state policies, and interstate and global politics to analyse some aspects of the new hydropolitical map of the Nile Basin. We argue that nationalism and national interests are not necessarily negative standpoints but that there may instead be a meeting point where regional and national interests join with hydrosolidarity principles. We believe that this meeting point can maximize not only the common good, but also the good from a national interest point of view. For this, it is important not increase collaboration instead of being locked in to the historical narrative of nationalistic culture and historical discourse. This would benefit and improve future sustainability.
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| 2. |
- Aggestam, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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The Nile Basin and Hydrosolidarity
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Middle East in London. - 1743-7598. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and function of a novel type of ATP-dependent Clp protease.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 284:20, s. 13519-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Clp protease is conserved among eubacteria and most eukaryotes, and uses ATP to drive protein substrate unfolding and translocation into a chamber of sequestered proteolytic active sites. The main constitutive Clp protease in photosynthetic organisms has evolved into a functionally essential and structurally intricate enzyme. The model Clp protease from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus consists of the HSP100 molecular chaperone ClpC and a mixed proteolytic core comprised of two distinct subunits, ClpP3 and ClpR. We have purified the ClpP3/R complex, the first for a Clp proteolytic core comprised of heterologous subunits. The ClpP3/R complex has unique functional and structural features, consisting of twin heptameric rings each with an identical ClpP3(3)ClpR(4) configuration. As predicted by its lack of an obvious catalytic triad, the ClpR subunit is shown to be proteolytically inactive. Interestingly, extensive modification to ClpR to restore proteolytic activity to this subunit showed that its presence in the core complex is not rate-limiting for the overall proteolytic activity of the ClpCP3/R protease. Altogether, the ClpP3/R complex shows remarkable similarities to the 20 S core of the proteasome, revealing a far greater degree of convergent evolution than previously thought between the development of the Clp protease in photosynthetic organisms and that of the eukaryotic 26 S proteasome.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Substance P accelerates hypercellularity and angiogenesis in tendon tissue and enhances paratendinitis in response to Achilles tendon overuse in a tendinopathy model
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - Loughborough : British Assoc. of Sport and Medicine. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 45:13, s. 1017-1022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Tenocytes produce substance P (SP) and its receptor (neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) is expressed throughout the tendon tissue, expecially in patients with tendinopathy and tissue changes (tendinosis) including hypercellularity and vascular proliferation. Considering the known effects of SP, one might ask whether SP contributes to these canges.Objectives To test whether development of tendinosislike changes (hypercellularity and angiogenesis) is accelerated during a 1-week course of ecercise with local administration of SP in an establish Achilles tendinopathy model.Methods Rabbits were subjected to a protocol of Achilles tendon overuse for 1 week, in conjunction with SP injections in the paratenon. Exercised control animals received NaCl injections or no injections, and unexercised, uninjected controls were also used. Tenocyte number and vascular density, as well as paratendinous inflammation, were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry and in sity hybridisation to detect NK-1R were conducted.Results There was a significant increase in tenocyte number in the SP-injected and NaCl-injected groups compared with both unexercised and exercised, uninjected controls. Tendon blood vessels increased in number in the SP-injected group compared with unexercised controls, a finding not seen in NaCl-injected controls or in uninjected, exercised animals. Paratendinous inflammation was more pronounced in the SP-injected group than in the NaCl controls. NK-1R was detected in blood vessel walls, nerves, inflammatory cells and tenocytes.Conclusions SP accelerated the development of tendinosis-like changes in the rabbit. Achilles tendon, which supports theories of a potential role of SP in tendinosis development; a fact of clinical interest since SP effects can be effectively blocked. The angiogenic response to SP injections seems related to parateninitis.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Gustav, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Substance P induces tendinosis-like changes in a rabbit model of Achilles tendon overuse
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In previous studies we found evidence favouring that human Achilles tendon cells (tenocytes) are capable of producing the neuropeptide substance P (SP). Furthermore, the preferred receptor for SP (the neurokinin-1 receptor, NK-1 R) was widely expressed throughout the tendon, especially in patients suffering from chronic tendon pain (tendinopathy) with tissue changes (tendinosis) including hypercellularity and vascular proliferation. Considering known effects of SP, one might ask whether SP contributes to tendon cell proliferation and neovascularisation in tendinosis. We have an established animal (rabbit) model of Achilles tendinopathy based on overuse in the form of repetitive exercise. Recent studies with this model have shown that tendinosis-like changes are present after 3 weeks of exercise, but not after only 1 week. The current study aimed to test whether the development of tendinosis-like changes would be accelerated during a 1 week course of exercise with repetitive local administration of SP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four groups of animals (5-6 New Zealand white rabbits per group) were used. Three groups were subjected to the previously established protocol of Achilles tendon overuse for 1 week. One of these groups was given repetitive SP injections in the paratendinous tissue of the Achilles tendon, whereas one group (‘NaCl controls’) was given an equivalent schedule of saline injections. Two additional control groups existed: One in which the animals were neither subjected to the overuse protocol nor to any injections (‘untrained controls’), and one in which the animals trained for 1 week but were not given any injections (‘1 week controls’). Tenocyte number, vascular density, and the possible occurrence of paratendinous inflammation were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation to detect NK-1 R were also conducted. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in tenocyte number in the SP-injected group compared to both untrained controls and 1 week controls. However, the same phenomenon was noticed for NaCl controls, i.e. tenocyte number was significantly increased in response to NaCl injections compared to untrained controls. There was an increase in the number of tendon blood vessels in the SP-injected group as compared to untrained controls, and this increase in vascularity was not seen for the NaCl controls or the 1 week controls. Paratendinous inflammation, as evidenced by invasion of inflammatory cells in the paratenon, was clearly more pronounced in the SP-injected group than in the NaCl controls. NK-1 R was detected in blood vessel walls, on nerves, on inflammatory cells, and on tenocytes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The observations suggest that SP induces tenocyte proliferation and angiogenesis in the rabbit Achilles tendon, thus supporting a potential role of this neuropeptide in the processes that occur in tendinosis. The study corroborates findings on the human Achilles tendon in that NK-1 R was expressed on tenocytes and tendon blood vessel walls, thereby providing a potential anatomic basis for the observed effects of SP on the development of tendinosis. The hypercellularity observed in response to NaCl injections might be due increased tissue pressure or to stimulation of endogenous SPproduction, a phenomenon not unheard of. The angiogenic effect of SP injections, on the other hand, appeared to be more specifically related to an induction of inflammation in the paratendon.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Gustav, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Tenocyte hypercellularity and vascular proliferation in a rabbit model of tendinopathy : contralateral effects suggest the involvement of central neuronal mechanisms
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 45:5, s. 399-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To determine whether there are objective findings of tendinosis in a rabbit tendinopathy model on exercised and contralateral (non-exercised) Achilles tendons. Design Four groups of six New Zealand white rabbits per group were used. The animals of one (control) group were not subjected to exercise/stimulation. Interventions Animals were subjected to a protocol of electrical stimulation and passive flexion-extension of the right triceps surae muscle every second day for 1, 3 or 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Tenocyte number and vascular density were calculated. Morphological evaluations were also performed as well as in-situ hybridisation for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) messenger RNA. Results There was a significant increase in the tenocyte number after 3 and 6 weeks of exercise, but not after 1 week, in comparison with the control group. This was seen in the Achilles tendons of both legs in experimental animals, including the unexercised limb. The pattern of vascularity showed an increase in the number of tendon blood vessels in rabbits that had exercised for 3 weeks or more, compared with those who had exercised for 1 week or not at all. VEGF-mRNA was detected in the investigated tissue, with the reactions being more clearly detected in the tendon tissue with tendinosis-like changes (6-week rabbits) than in the normal tendon tissue (control rabbits). Conclusions There were bilateral tendinosis-like changes in the Achilles tendons of rabbits in the current model after 3 weeks of training, suggesting that central neuronal mechanisms may be involved and that the contralateral side is not appropriate as a control.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Inventering och modellering av fisk- och kräftdjurssamhället i Stigfjorden sommaren 2012
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under 31 juli-3 augusti 2012 utförde Kustlaboratoriet vid SLU Aqua ett inventeringsfiske med småryssjor i Stigfjorden mellan Orust och Tjörn med syfte att beskriva fisksamhället i fjorden och att kartlägga viktiga fiskhabitat. Totalt fiskades 80 stationer på djup från ytan ner till 20 m. Området uppvisade ovanligt höga tätheter av juvenil rödspotta, gråsej och torsk. Även fångsterna av stensnultra och tånglake var höga, och bland kräftdjuren dominerade strandkrabban. Resultaten från Stigfjorden jämförs med resultat från tidigare och samtida undersökningar av samma karaktär. Den rumsliga fördelningen av olika arter i förhållande till habitatet beskrevs statistiskt med hjälp av generella additiva modeller, där fångsterna i ryssjorna relateras till data på olika miljövariabler. De statistiska modellerna i kombination med kartor över miljövariabler i området användes sedan för att i GIS producera heltäckande kartor över potentiella habitat för arterna. De arter som modellerades var torsk <18 cm, torsk >18 cm, ål, rödspotta, vitling, stensnultra, tånglake och strandkrabba. Modellernas förklaringsgrad var generellt god, och vattendjup utgjorde den variabel som var viktigast för fördelningen av de flesta arter. Ungtorsk och rödspotta förekom i högst tätheter i de djupare delarna av fjorden, medan gulål, tånglake och strandkrabba, där de två förstnämnda tillsammans med torsken är rödlistade, främst återfanns i de grunda delarna av fjorden. Sammantaget tyder resultaten på att Stigfjorden håller viktiga livsmiljöer för ett flertal fiskarter, framför allt som uppväxtområde för arter som t ex rödspotta och gråsej.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Calculating CO2 Uptake for Existing Concrete Structures during and after Service Life
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5851 .- 0013-936X. ; 47:20, s. 11625-11633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a model that can calculate the uptake of CO2 in all existing concrete structures, including its uptake after service life. This is important for the calculation of the total CO2 uptake in the society and its time dependence. The model uses the well-documented cement use and knowledge of how the investments are distributed throughout the building sector to estimate the stock of concrete applications in a country. The depth of carbonation of these applications is estimated using two models, one theoretical and one based on field measurements. The maximum theoretical uptake potential is defined as the amount of CO2 that is emitted during calcination at the production of Portland cement, but the model can also, with some adjustments, be used for the other cement types. The model has been applied on data from Sweden and the results show a CO2 uptake in 2011 in all existing structures of about 300 000 tonnes, which corresponds to about 17% of the total emissions (calcination and fuel) from the production of new cement for use in Sweden in the same year. The study also shows that in the years 2030 and 2050, an increase in the uptake in crushed concrete, from 12 000 tonnes today to 200 000 and 500 000 tonnes of CO2, respectively, could be possible if the waste handling is redesigned.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalt byggeri og svensk og dansk byggeklkassifikation i et Öresundsperspektiv
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten som er opdelt i fire delrapporter er udarbejdet i projektet ”ICT i byggesektoren – Netværk til udvikling”, som er delfinansieret af regionsudviklingsprojektet Interreg IIIA. ”ICT i byggesektoren – netværk til udvikling”. Projektet styrer mod, via et netværk om IKT omkring Øresund, at muliggøre bedre, billigere og mere miljørigtigt byggeri og boliger, ved at identificere og fjerne hindringer, såvel som at skabe en udvikling. Projektet har tre effektmålsætninger: • En plan for, hvordan et fremtidigt samarbejde mellem Øresundsregionens universitet, institut og offentlige og private virksomheder etc. kan fremmes. • Gennemførelse af et casestudie i interoperabilitet mellem byggesektoren i DK og SE i et konkret byggeprojekt/vidensområde. • Gennemgang af et program til uddannelse inden for industrielt byggeri. Byggesektoren står over for den store udfordring at skulle implementere ny informations- og kommunikationsteknologi (IKT) i byggeprocessen – digitalisering. Det er ikke kun nye IT-systemer, der skal indføres. Det handler lige så meget om nye arbejdsmetoder og rollefordelinger og om at skabe bedre integration mellem parterne, samt nye måder at organisere sig på, nye samarbejdsformer og dermed nye forretningsgrundlag for virksomhederne. At digitaliseringen er en dynamisk proces betyder, at disse værktøjer er genstand for forandringer løbende, i og med at byggeriets parter opbygger større kompetencer indenfor IKT og får adgang til software, der forbedrer interoperabiliteten. I et sådant udviklingsforløb vil et samarbejde og parallelle studier på hver side af Øresund kunne bidrage til at kvalificere udviklingsresultaterne både i Danmark og i Sverige. Alle fyre delrapporter fokuserer på spørgsmålet om hvordan man kan sikre interoperabilitet mellem dansk og svensk byggeri. Den danske og den svenske byggesektor står over for de samme udfordringer i forbindelse med at udvikle og opdatere retningslinier og standarder, der sikrer interoperabilitet mellem parterne, når der anvendes nye, 3D objektorienterede arbejdsmetoder, byggeklassifikation, og når der generelt udveksles information og kommunikation mellem parterne i byggeprocessen. Studiet har som formål at undersøge mulighederne for at skabe en fælles informationsplatform for derigennem at sikre kvaliteten i dansk/svenske byggeprojekter – interregionale projekter. Studiet har udmøntet sig i fire delrapporter: Del rapport 1 – DBK, BSAB og anvendelsen af 3D-arbejdsmetode i ”The Icelandic Concert and Conference Centre” - et dansk/svensk perspektiv – analyserer/sammenligner det danske initiativ "Det Digitale Byggeri", Dansk Bygge Klassifikation (DBK), 3D arbejdsmetode og det svenske klassifikationssystem BSAB. Endvidere er der et eksempel på, hvordan ingeniørfirmaet Rambøll arbejder med 3D arbejdsmetode i praksis i projektet The Icelandic Concert and Conference Centre. Analysen viser nogle forskelle mellem de to klassifikationer. Det danske arbejde med Det Digitale Byggeri sigter mod at skabe forudsætninger for en overgang fra 2D tegningsbaseret informationshåndtering til 3D objektorienteret informationshåndtering i danske byggeprojekter. Her spiller byggeklassifikationen en vigtig rolle ved identifikation og navngivning af byggeobjekter. Studiet har vist forskellige opfattelser mellem det svenske byggeklassifikationssystem BSAB og det danske DBK med hensyn til klassifikation og objektorienteret modellering. Begge standarder siges at følge den internationale standard for byggeklassifikation ISO 12006-2. En vigtig forskel gælder synet på begrebet bygningsdel. BSAB følger ISO rammestandarden, som foreskriver, at bygningsdele identificeres ud fra et funktionelt aspekt. DBK anvender det, man benævner ”produktaspektet” - som man mener svarer til, hvordan ”de fleste ser på bygningsdele i dag” - til at identificere bygningsdele. Inddelingsgrundlaget er umiddelbart ikke i overensstemmelse med ISO-standarden. Motivet er, at man vil støtte successiv bestemmelse af egenskaber. En dybere undersøgelse er nødvendig for at afgøre, hvordan DBK og BSAB relaterer til ISO-standarden. I den beskrevne case, The Icelandic Concert and Conference Centre, anvendes en tilpasset DBK løsning og der anvendes blandt andet dele af 3D arbejdsmetode. Rambølls erfaringer med digitalisering er gode, det har givet overblik over mere komplekse geometriske og tekniske problemstillinger. Rambøll anvender forskellige digitaliseringselementer: 3D projektering (3D koncept/model), implementering af DBK, projektweb, BIM (fællesmodel), CFD beregninger, 3D-modeller (CAD) med mulighed for 3D plotning. Der er dog nogle begrænsninger i udveksling af data mellem forskellige systemer, pga. de digitale formaters forskellige indhold af information, her fremføres DWG formatet frem for IFC, når det er muligt. Der mangler stadig eksempler på en fuldskala afprøvning af DBK og DDB. Mange gode kræfter arbejder på at få en sådan afprøvning i stand, hvor relationen til ISO og BSAB også kunne blive inddraget. Del rapport 2 – Implementeringen af Det Digitale Byggeri’s standarder og arbejdsmetoder i Danmark - et udgangspunkt for et dansk/svensk samarbejde – beskriver de væsentlige standarder og retningslinier inden for det danske indsatsområde Det Digitale Byggeri, DDB, fra 2003 til 2006. Specielt er det formålet at beskrive baggrunden for dem, implementeringen af dem i den danske kontekst indenfor den relativt korte indkøringsperiode og udviklingsmuligheder og visionerne for digitaliseringen i Danmark. Der er fokus på 3D arbejdsmetoden og dens implementering i den danske praksis og specielt de udviklingstendenser, der er registreret. Baggrunden beskrives for metoden samt gennem eksempler på forskellige IKT- niveauer i forskellige projekter gives der et overblik over metodens anvendelsesmuligheder og dens rummelighed i forhold til konkret projekthåndtering. Her er Danmark langt fremme og vil kunne inspirere de svenske tiltag på området, Bygghandlinger 90, Digitala leveranser för bygg och forvaltning’, som for øjeblikket er under revision. Det samme gælder den danske ’3D CAD Manual 2006’, som ligeledes nu er under revision mod en version 2007 eller 2008. Et andet fokusområde er den danske klassifikation DBK. Den er på nuværende tidspunkt ikke implementeret i den danske praksis af mange forskellige grunde, og det er derfor ikke muligt at beskrive konkrete erfaringer og potentialer. Det svenske BSAB-system har haft en længere indkøringsperiode, over 10 år, og vil derfor kunne bidrage til revisionen og færdiggørelsen af DBK til et implementerbart niveau og specielt til en afklaring af, hvad klassifikation kan anvendes til i byggesektoren. En overordnet undersøgelse af de danske og svenske standarder inden for en objektorienteret arbejdsmetode viser, at de bygger på de samme grundlæggende internationale standarder og at man grundlæggende arbejder med de samme modelkoncepter og udvekslingsstrategier. Det danske system har haft meget fokus på bygningsmodelleringen og har udviklet et system af modeltyper (systemmodel-fagmodel-fællesmodel) og informationsniveauer, som håndterer specifikationen af bygningsobjekter og udvekslingen af projektinformationer. Der har været knapt så megen fokus på specifikation og udveksling af dokumenter. Dette løses gennem de revisioner af standarderne, der pågår for tiden. På klassifikationssiden har Danmark været handicappet af, at der først er blevet udviklet et dansk klassifikationssystem, DBK, til ikrafttrædelse af bygherrekravene den 1. januar 2007. Der tilbagestår en seriøs test af systemet og en implementering i software og i metoder til bygningsmodellering og udveksling. I tests og udviklingsprojekter vil en sammenligning med og inspiration fra det svenske BSAB være ønskelig. Rapporten anbefaler at etablere et interregionalt samarbejde på tværs af Øresund inden for de to hovedområder: 3D objektorienteret arbejdsmetode og interoperabilitet og Byggeklassifikation som struktureringsværktøj i byggeprocessen. På den ene side vil det kvalificere udviklingen af standarderne i begge lande, som løbende vil være under revision, og dels vil dette medføre, at de to landes standarder og rekommandationer vil nærme sig hinanden, så man også interregionalt vil kunne opnå en større interoperabilitet i byggeprojekter. Til denne del er der også et bilag: DBK Dansk Bygge Klassifikation 2006. Del rapport 3 - En teoretisk undersøgelse af dagens svenske nationale ”guidelines” – er en svensk gennemgang af ” Bygghandlingar 90” Byggbranschens rekommendationer för redovisning av byggprojekt, del 8, Digitala leveranser för bygg och förvaltning”, der på tilsvarende vis skal blive det lettilgængelige standardværk, som vi på de projekterende kontorer anvender som vejledning og guide Undersøgelsen begrænser sig til det seneste, vi kan se i nationale svenske guidelines, Forslagsudgaven af Bygghandlingar 90 del 8, BH90. Denne undersøgelse består af en kort beskrivelse af baggrund og hovedtræk i Bygghandlingar 90 samt kommentarer og kritiske synspunkter om indhold og anbefalinger i BH90. Bygghandlingar 90 i den udgave, den tidligere har været anvendt, har været en relativ lettilgængelig ledestjerne under projekteringen, dette gælder såvel benævnelser som leverancer mm. Håbet er, at den reviderede og opdaterede BH90 på tilsvarende vis skal blive det lettilgængelige standardværk, som de projekterende kontorer anvender som vejledning og guide. Som base for arbejdet indgår den foreliggende Bygghandlinger 90 del 8. I forhold til denne publikation er forslagsudgavens disposition dog væsentligt forandret og indholdet udvidet. Anbefalingerne skal omfatte håndtering af alle slags digitale dokumenter, både tekniske og administrative. Afgrænsningen skal ske i forhold til dokument/informationsmængder, som indgår i processe
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of interferon-[alpha], verapamil and dacarbazine in the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma
- 2003
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Ingår i: Melanoma research. - 0960-8931 .- 1473-5636. ; 13:1, s. 87-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma with either dacarbazine (DTIC) or interferon-[alpha] (IFN[alpha]) as single drugs, or in combination, results in a response rate of approximately 15–20%. This study evaluated the activity and toxicity following treatment with a combination of DTIC, IFN[alpha]2b and verapamil (VPL). Thirty patients with disseminated metastatic melanoma received DTIC 250 mg/m2 on days 1–5 of a 4 week schedule, IFN[alpha]2b 3 MIU on days 1–5 each week, and VPL 80 mg three times a day throughout the cycle, until either disease progression or serious toxicity was observed. Among the 28 evaluable patients, there were four complete responses (CRs), five partial responses (PRs) and eight patients with stable disease (SD). The overall response rate (CR + PR) was 32%. Two patients with a CR were long-term survivors (45 and 34 months) and a third is still in complete remission after 49 months. The fourth CR patient relapsed and died with progressive brain metastases after 8 months. Among the eight patients with SD, one survived for 22 months and another for 34 months. Despite one toxic death, these results suggest that this treatment regimen is well tolerated and seems to be more effective than DTIC alone in a subset of patients. A controlled randomized study would be required to determine the value of adding VPL and IFN[alpha]2b to DTIC.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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ICT och BIM i japanska byggindustrin
- 2010
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Ingår i: Samhällsbyggaren. - 2000-2408. ; :6, s. 46-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Den japanska byggsektorn är ofta ett föredöme för vår egen industris omvandling, t.ex. inom industrialisering och lean. Även när det gäller tillämpning och utveckling av Informations- och Kommunikations- Teknologi, ICT, t.ex. för BIM, ByggnadsInformationsModellering, har man mångårig avancerad erfarenhet som är intressant för oss att ta del av. Samtidig visar det sig att användningen och erfarenheterna av ICT och BIM delvis skiljer sig från motsvarande i Sverige. Detta kunde vi konstatera vid en nyligen genomförd studieresa till Japan som arrangerades av Centrum för Informationsteknik i Samhällsbyggnad, CITS, vid LTH, se även tidigare artikel i nr 3/2010 av Samhällsbyggaren.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Ronny
(författare)
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Medborgarna, politikerna och sjukvården : En studie av attityder och demokrati
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The actors in focus here are the citizens and the politicians. We are studying their opinions on two central issues of health-care policy during the period 1981-1991. The aims of the dissertation can be summarised as follows: - to study the compositions of citizens´attitudes to health-care provision and policy - to examine the value of using different methodical approaches when studying health-care - to describe and compare the citizens´and the politicians´views on health-care provision and policy - to relate the empirical findings to normative democratic theory in order to decide which model of democracy receives the strongest empirical support. Acess to both quantitative and qualitative material for elucidating citizens´attitudes to the health-care system has, inter alia, indicated two methodical problems. The results from the interviews indicate that citizens´level of knowledge is probably lower than is indicated by the questionnaires. In cases when set alternatives are given, this tends to result in an overestimation of the level of knowledge. The view of persons of normative democratic theory is strongly oriented towards citizens´interest and knowledge as well as opinions on political issues and the political system. From this perspective, the conclusion is that the view of persons of the elitist democracy school gets the stronger support from the empirical material. The political interest is low and the knowledge is relatively week. If we extend the view of persons to include also citizens´relationship to the output of the plitical system, in the form of the functions of the health-care system, the conclusion is rather different. Particularly the interest, but also the knowledge are high. It is not a matter of a completely rational opinion formation, but the prerequisites are considerably higher.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Staffan, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Building performance based on measured data
- 2011
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 899-906
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increasing liability for builders, the need for evaluation methods that focuses on the building’s performance and thus excludes the impact from residents’ behavior increases. This is not only of interest for new buildings but also when retrofitting existing buildings in order to reduce energy end-use. The investigation in this paper is based on extensive measurements on two fairly representative type of buildings, a single family building in Ekerö, Stockholm built 2000 and two apartment buildings in Umeå (1964) in order to extract key energy performance parameters such as the building’s heat loss coefficient, heat transfer via the ground and heat gained from the sun and used electricity. With access to pre-processed daily data from a 2-month periods, located close to the winter solstice, a robust estimate of the heat loss coefficient was obtained based on a regression analysis. For the single family building the variation was within 1% and for the two heavier apartment buildings an average variation of 2%, with a maximum of 4%, between different analyzed periods close to the winter solstice. The gained heating from the used electricity in terms of a gain factor could not be unambiguously extracted and therefore could only a range for the heat transfer via ground be estimated. The estimated range for the transfer via ground for the two apartment buildings were in very good agreement with those calculated according to EN ISO 13 370 and corresponded to almost 10% of the heating demand at the design temperature. For the single family building with an insulated slab and parts of the walls below ground level, the calculations gave slightly higher transfer than what was obtained from the regression analysis. For the estimated gained solar radiation no comparison has been possible to make, but the estimated gain exhibited an expected correlation with the global solar radiation data that was available for the two apartment buildings.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Bonvicini, Gillian, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing in vitro affinity measurements of antibodies to TfR1 : Surface plasmon resonance versus on-cell affinity
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite years of utilizing the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) to transport large biomolecules into the brain, there is no consensus on how to optimally measure affinity to it. The aim of this study was to compare different methods for measuring the affinities of anti-TfR1 antibodies.Antibodies 15G11, OX26 and 8D3 are known to successfully carry large biologics across the blood-brain barrier in humans, rats, and mice, respectively. The affinity to their respective species of TfR1 was measured with different surface plasmon resonance setups in Biacore and an on-cell assay.When the antibody was captured and TfR1 was the analyte, the dissociation in Biacore was very slow. The dissociation was faster when the antibody was the analyte and TfR1 was the ligand. The Biacore setup with capture of N-terminal FLAG-tag TfR1 yielded the most similar apparent affinities as the cell assay.In conclusion, it is important to evaluate assay parameters including assay orientation, surface capture method, and antibody format when comparing binding kinetics for TfR1 antibodies. Although it seems possible to determine relative affinities of TfR1 antibodies using the methods described here, both the FLAG-tag TfR1 capture setup and cell assays likely yield apparent affinities that are most translatable in vivo.
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| 27. |
- Eklöf, Johan S., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of seasonal spawning closures on pike (Esox lucius L.) and perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) catches and coastal food webs in the western Baltic Sea
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fisheries Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-7836 .- 1872-6763. ; 263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine protected areas have become one of the main tools in the battle to curb marine biodiversity loss and habitat degradation. Yet, implementation of permanent fishery closures has often generated resource user conflicts that ultimately undermine conservation goals. Here we assessed the influence of an alternative and often more accepted measure – seasonal fish spawning closures – on large predatory fish and coastal food webs in the western Baltic Sea (Sweden). In spring 2017, we conducted a multivariable field survey in 11 seasonal closures and 11 paired references areas open to fishing. In each area, pike was sampled through angling, and perch and mesopredators through gillnet surveys. To assess trophic cascades, we measured zooplankton abundance and loss of tethered gammarids from predation. Catches per unit effort of northern pike (Esox lucius) – the main target species in recreational fisheries – were ca. 2.5 times higher per unit effort in closures than reference areas; an effect that may be caused by higher abundance and/or higher catchability of pike in the absence of fishing. Catch and weight per unit effort of the more common predator European perch (Perca fluviatilus), and the mesopredators roach (Rutilus rutilus) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in survey nets were, however, unaffected by closures. Moreover, a previously hypothesized trophic cascade from perch to zooplankton via three-spined stickleback was supported by the analyses, but appeared independent of closures. Yet, predation risk for tethered gammarid amphipods (a prey of stickleback and an important grazer on macroalgae) was three times higher in fished areas than in closures; a cascading closure effect that may potentially be caused by small predatory fish being less active in protected areas to avoid pike predation. Overall, our results suggest that spawning closures impact pike abundance and/or behavior and could help limit the effects of fishing, but that more research is needed to disentangle i) what mechanism(s) that underlie the protection effect on pike catches, ii) the apparently weaker closure impacts on other fish species, as well as iii) the potential for cascading effects on lower trophic levels. Therefore, new seasonal spawning closures should be implemented in addition to (and not instead of) much-needed permanent closures, which have well-known effects on the wider ecosystem.
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| 28. |
- Fick, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Ozonolysis of monoterpenes in mechanical ventilation systems
- 2005
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Ingår i: ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 39:34, s. 6315-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this investigation the ozonolysis of of three monoterpenes (alpha-pinene, Delta(3)-carene and limonene) was studied was studied in authentic mechanical ventilation systems, that included either a cross flow or a rotary heat exchanger. The effects of varying three experimental parameters were investigated: the level of ozone (25 and 75 ppb), the reaction time (25 and 75s), and the surface area in the ventilation duct (14.8 and 29.5 m(2)). The initial concentration of each of the monoterpenes was 20 ppb in every experiment, and 1-16% of the alpha-pinene, < 0.5-13% of the Delta(3)-carene, and < 0.5-16% of the limonene reacted. The effects of humidity (g m(-3)) and temperature of the outdoor and supply air, and water losses in the ventilation duct, were also evaluated. Experiments were based on a chemometric statistical design. Comparison of the results to theoretically calculated values showed that theoretical calculations underestimated the amounts that reacted in the ventilation systems by factors of 2-13, depending on the monoterpene and experimental settings.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Fridh, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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A model to calculate the CO2-uptake in a country’s concrete structures during service life and after
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nordic Concrete Research. - 0800-6377. ; 50:2, s. 443-446
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the project ‘The CO2-cycle in cement and concrete’ an analytical model to quantify the CO2-uptake in a country a specified year was developed. That was accomplished by deriving a new model for the carbonation process and as input to that, measurements of carbonation in concrete indoors and studies of carbonation in crushed concrete were made. Through knowledge of the cement production each year, the distribution of the cement into different products and estimations of what concrete quality each product has, the total uptake for Sweden was calculated. For the year 2011 was the CO2-uptake calculated to 300 000 tons.
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| 31. |
- Granroth, Sari, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of interface properties of Ni/Cu multilayers by high kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 80:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High kinetic-energy photoelectron spectroscopy (HIKE) or hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to investigate the alloying of Ni/Cu (100) multilayers. Relative intensities of the corelevels and their chemical shifts derived from binding energy changes are shown to give precise information on physicochemical properties and quality of the buried layers. Interface roughening, including kinetic properties such as the rate of alloying, and temperature effects on the processes can be analyzed quantitatively. Using HIKE, we have been able to precisely follow the deterioration of the multilayer structure at the atomic scale and observe the diffusion of the capping layer into the multilayer structure which in turn is found to lead to a segregation in the ternary system. This is of great importance for future research on multilayered systems of this kind. Our experimental data are supplemented by first-principles theoretical calculations of the core-level shifts for a ternary alloy to allow for modeling of the influence of capping materials on the chemical shifts.
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| 32. |
- Hedell, Ronny, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Detection probability models for bacteria, and how to obtain them from heterogeneous spiking data. An application to Bacillus anthracis
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3460 .- 0168-1605. ; 241, s. 78-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 Elsevier B.V.Efficient and correct evaluation of sampling results with respect to hypotheses about the concentration or distribution of bacteria generally requires knowledge about the performance of the detection method. To assess the sensitivity of the detection method an experiment is usually performed where the target matrix is spiked (i.e. artificially contaminated) with different concentrations of the bacteria, followed by analyses of the samples using the pre-enrichment method and the analytical detection method of interest. For safety reasons or because of economic or time limits it is not always possible to perform exactly such an experiment, with the desired number of samples. In this paper, we show how heterogeneous data from diverse sources may be combined within a single model to obtain not only estimates of detection probabilities, but also, crucially, uncertainty estimates. We indicate how such results can then be used to obtain optimal conclusions about presence of bacteria, and illustrate how strongly the sampling results speak in favour of or against contamination. In our example, we consider the case when B. cereus is used as surrogate for B. anthracis, for safety reasons. The statistical modelling of the detection probabilities and of the growth characteristics of the bacteria types is based on data from four experiments where different matrices of food were spiked with B. anthracis or B. cereus and analysed using plate counts and qPCR. We show how flexible and complex Bayesian models, together with inference tools such as OpenBUGS, can be used to merge information about detection probability curves. Two different modelling approaches, differing in whether the pre-enrichment step and the PCR detection step are modelled separately or together, are applied. The relative importance on the detection curves for various existing data sets are evaluated and illustrated.
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| 33. |
- Hedell, Ronny, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of animal diseases through implementation of a Bayesian spatio-temporal model: A simulation example with neurological syndromes in horses and West Nile Virus
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Preventive Veterinary Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5877. ; 162, s. 95-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A potentially sensitive way to detect disease outbreaks is syndromic surveillance, i.e. monitoring the number of syndromes reported in the population of interest, comparing it to the baseline rate, and drawing conclusions about outbreaks using statistical methods. A decision maker may use the results to take disease control actions or to initiate enhanced epidemiological investigations. In addition to the total count of syndromes there are often additional pieces of information to consider when assessing the probability of an outbreak. This includes clustering of syndromes in space and time as well as historical data on the occurrence of syndromes, seasonality of the disease, etc. In this paper, we show how Bayesian theory for syndromic surveillance applies to the occurrence of neurological syndromes in horses in France. Neurological syndromes in horses may be connected e.g. to West Nile Virus (WNV), a zoonotic disease of growing concern for public health in Europe. A Bayesian method for spatio-temporal cluster detection of syndromes and for determining the probability of an outbreak is presented. It is shown how surveillance can be performed simultaneously for a specific class of diseases (WNV or diseases similar to WNV in terms of the information available to the system) and a non-specific class of diseases (not similar to WNV in terms of the information available to the system). We also discuss some new extensions to the spatio-temporal models and the computational algorithms involved. It is shown step-by-step how data from historical WNV outbreaks and surveillance data for neurological syndromes can be used for model construction. The model is implemented using a Gibbs sampling procedure, and its sensitivity and specificity is evaluated. Finally, it is illustrated how predictive modelling of syndromes can be useful for decision making in animal health surveillance. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
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| 34. |
- Jacobson, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Microarray and cytokine analyses of field cases of pigs with diarrhoea
- 2011
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Ingår i: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 153, s. 307-314
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This field study explored the cytokine expression in intestinal tissue and serum from 19 diarrhoeic and 9 healthy pigs in herds with a long-time history of Lawsonia intracellularis-infection. The disease, proliferative enteropathy (PE), is associated with diarrhoea and poor performance in growers and haemorrhagic diarrhoea and sudden death in finisher pigs, but the immunopathology is poorly understood. Histopathology, demonstration of L intracellularis and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in intestinal tissue by PCR, and detection of serum antibodies to L. intracellularis, were performed. The presence of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta in sera was determined by immunoassays, and intestinal mRNA expression of these cytokines plus IL-12p40 was determined by qPCR. Intestinal specimens from pigs with intestinal adenomatosis (n = 2), proliferative haemorrhagic enteropathy or swine dysentery (n = 2), and controls (n = 2) were analysed by a genome wide porcine microarray. The clinical signs of PE were not always supported by the subsequent analyses, and the presence of PCV2 may have contributed to an increased mRNA expression for IFN-gamma in intestinal specimens from some pigs. The limited gene expression in the microarray analyses and the limited expression of cytokines in both sera and intestines, indicate that the immune response is poorly activated in the initial course of an infection with L. intracellularis. However, the gene encoding for insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) was up-regulated in two pigs with prominent mucosal proliferation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Klöckner, Maike, et al.
(författare)
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Parallel Kinematic Construction Robot for AEC Industry
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020). - 9789529436347 ; , s. 1488-1495
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports work-in-progress of a parallel kinematic robot development for construction with main focus on the concept phase. We suppose the weight distribution of the proposed structure enables integration of robotic components into construction equipment while enabling tailoring of important characteristics such as accuracy, stiffness and workspace toward application needs.We describe challenges as well as kinematics, simulation and an experimental setup for evaluating performance of the proposed concept in a construction experiment using a concrete build system.
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| 36. |
- Lindholm, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma in Sweden, 1990-1999. A prospective, population-based study of survival and prognostic factors.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 101:9, s. 2067-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to compile prospective, population-based data on cutaneous invasive melanomas in Sweden during the period from 1990 to 1999, to describe and analyze survival data and prognostic factors, and to make comparisons with previously published Swedish and international data. METHODS: Twelve thousand five hundred thirty-three patients, which included 97% of all registered melanomas in Sweden, were included and described. Among these, 9515 patients with clinical Stage I and II melanoma were included in an analysis of survival and in a univariate analysis, and 6191 patients were included in a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. RESULTS: There was no significant change in melanoma incidence during 1990-1999. Favorable prognostic factors were found, especially in younger and female patients, resulting in a relative 5-year survival rate of 91.5%. In the multivariate analysis, significant factors that had a negative effect on survival were Clark level of invasion, Breslow thickness, ulceration, older patient age, trunk location, greatest tumor dimension, nodular histogenetic type, and male gender. CONCLUSIONS: During the period from 1990 to 1999, the 5-year survival of patients with malignant melanoma in Sweden was better compared with the previously reported rates in published, population-based studies from Sweden, probably as a result of better secondary prevention due to better knowledge and awareness by both patients and the medical profession. The more favorable prognostic factors and the change in melanoma location found in younger patients, compared with earlier reports, may reflect changes in clothing as well as tanning habits; however, a decrease also was found in Clark Level II and thin melanomas for the same patient group. The authors concluded that further improvements can be achieved with better access to health care and with the use of early melanoma detection campaigns.
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| 37. |
- Lundin, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Development and validation of a method aimed at estimating building performance parameters
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - Lausanne : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 36:9, s. 905-914
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a method for estimating the total heat loss coefficient, the total heat capacity and the gain factor based on measured data for the internal-external temperature difference, the domestic load and the supplied heat. Knowledge of these performance parameters is essential for a reliable energy demand forecast, close guidance and the accurate analysis of efficiency actions in buildings. The method was validated on measurements from a test cell. The values obtained for the performance parameters were in good agreement with a lumped capacitance analysis of the heating and cooling of the test cell. The deviation in the total heat loss coefficient, expressed in terms of the root mean square error, was between 2.5 and 9.4%. The values obtained for the total heat capacity were on average 9.8% higher than the reference value and for the gain factor the average deviation was 12.5%. The method shows promising signs of becoming a robust and accurate tool for extracting both the magnitude and the variation of the performance parameters, based on easily accessible data.
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| 38. |
- Lundin, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Further validation of a method aimed to estimate building performance parameters
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - Lausanne : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 37:8, s. 867-871
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A further validation of an earlier developed neural network method for estimating the total heat loss coefficient (K-tot), the total heat capacity (C-tot) and the gain factor (alpha) based on measured diumal data of internal-external temperature difference, supplied heat for heating and "free heat" is presented. The validation was performed in laboratory scale, using a test cell, for three different cases of ventilation, without (constant)-, natural-, and forced ventilation. Earlier measurements from a building was also used in order to simulate a realistic energy use pattern and a rather stochastic behavior of alpha, which also was transformed to represent existing and future buildings in terms of the composition of their energy use. For all three types of ventilation and different types of buildings, the method was capable of estimating the three different performance parameters and their different dependencies. For K-tot, the RMSE was between 3 and 20% and for alpha, the deviation was between 9 and 19%.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Moksnes, Per-Olav, et al.
(författare)
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Fritidsbåtars påverkan på grunda kustekosystem i sverige
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sveriges natursköna kust med vidsträckta skärgårdar erbjuder fantastiska förhållanden för fritidsbåtliv. Idag finns uppskattningsvis mer än 700 000 fritidsbåtar i Sverige, vilket är en av de högsta siffrorna i världen sett till befolkningsmängden. Kustens vågskyddade skärgård ger också goda förutsättningar att förvara fritidsbåtar vid bryggor, och idag täcks stora områden av bryggor och småbåtshamnar. Det stora antalet båtar och bryggor kan ge betydande effekter på miljön, men kunskapen om fritidsbåtlivets sammanlagda påverkan på Sveriges kustmiljöer har hittills varit bristfällig. Havsmiljöinstitutets mål med denna rapport har varit att sammanställa kunskapsläget kring hur fritidsbåtar påverkar grunda kustekosystem i Sverige, samt bedöma omfattningen av denna påverkan och om utveckling är hållbar. Syftet med rapporten är att bidra till utvecklingen av en mer hållbar förvaltning av fritidsbåtlivet genom att sammanställa vetenskaplig kunskap inom detta område på ett lättillgängligt sätt. Sammanställningen visar att det finns ett starkt stöd i den vetenskapliga litteraturen för att fritidsbåtar ger upphov till många negativa effekter på kustmiljön. Med fritidsbåtslivet följer en rad olika fysiska strukturer och aktiviteter som var och en ger upphov till flera olika typer av miljöpåverkan. En ökad utbredning av småbåtshamnar, bryggor och muddrade områden medför förluster av viktiga bottenmiljöer och leder ofta till en långvarig försämring av miljöförhållanden lokalt. Muddrings- och dumpningsaktiviteter leder till ökad uppgrumling och spridning av sediment, näringsämnen och miljögifter över stora områden, vilket bland annat påverkar bottenvegetation, fiskar och musslor negativt. Båttrafik och ankring leder till uppgrumling och erosion av sediment samt till skador på bottenmiljön. Undervattensbuller från båtarnas motorer stör också fiskar och däggdjur. Vidare medför användning av fritidsbåtar betydande utsläpp av giftiga ämnen och föroreningar från båtbottenfärger och förbränningsmotorer. Drygt 60 % av alla bryggor och småbåtshamnar återfinns i grunda (<3 m), vågskyddade områden med mjukbottnar, trots att de endast utgör en fjärdedel av kustens totala grundområden. Dessa områden lämpar sig väl för båtförvaring, men är också en av kustens mest produktiva och värdefulla miljöer. Grunda mjukbottnar är en viktig miljö för olika kärlväxter och kransalger, som i sin tur utgör viktiga uppväxthabitat för många olika fiskarter och kräftdjur. Rapporten visar att dessa miljöer är extra känsliga för en majoritet av de störningar som fritidsbåtlivet ger upphov till. Sammantaget medför detta att fritidsbåtslivet i förhållande till sin omfattning genererar stora skador på miljöer med höga naturvärden.
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| 42. |
- Moksnes, Per-Olav, et al.
(författare)
-
Fritidsbåtars påverkan på grunda kustekosystem i Sverige
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden has a long and beautiful coastline with extensive archipelagos that offer exceptional conditions for recreational boating. There are more than 700 000 recreational boats in Sweden, which is one of the highest numbers in the world in relation to the population size. Small tidal differences and many sheltered bays also provide good conditions for storing boats at docks and piers and jetties. As a result, large areas of the Swedish coast are today covered with docks and marinas for recreational boats. The large number of boats and docks could have substantial negative effects on the environment. However, the understanding of the cumulative impact of recreational boating on Swedish coastal ecosystem has so far been incomplete. The goal with this report from the Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment has been to compile and summarize the present state of knowledge regarding how recreational boating affect shallow coastal ecosystems in Sweden, to determine the extent of the impact and if the development is sustainable. The aim has been to present scientific knowledge on these topics in an accessible way in order to facilitate the development of a more sustainable management of recreational boating in Sweden.The scientific literature strongly support that recreational boating generates many negative effects on the marine environment. Recreational boating requires a number of physical structures and generate a number activities that each results in several different pressures on the environment. An increased number of marinas, docks and dredged canals results in losses of important habitats, as well as long-term deterioration of the environmental conditions locally. Dredging and dumping of dredge material results in increased turbidity and dispersal of sediment, nutrients and pollutants over large areas with negative effects on many aquatic organisms, e.g. vegetation, fishes and mussels. Traffic from recreational boats and anchoring result in increased turbidity and sediment erosion as well as damage to habitats. Motor boats also create underwater noise that can disturb e.g. fishes, seals and porpoises. In addition, recreational boating result in substantial emissions of toxic substances and pollution from e.g. antifouling paint and combustion engines.More than 60% of all docks and marinas are found in wave sheltered, shallow (<3 m) areas with soft bottoms, despite that this environment only constitute 25% of shallow coastal areas in Sweden. These sheltered areas are well suited for storing boats, but also constitute one of the most productive and valuable environments along the coast. They are important environments for vegetation such as seagrass, pondweed and stoneworts, which in turn constitute important spawning and nursery areas for a large number of fish and invertebrates. The report shows that these shallow soft bottom environments are very sensitive to a majority of the stressors that recreational boating generate. Boating therefore create a disproportionally large impact on environments with high values.Although the impact from a single recreational boat or dock is limited, the cumulative effect is substantial because of the sheer number. According to recent inventories, there are today almost 110 000 docks along the Swedish coast covering almost 2 000 km of bottom. In comparison with the 1960s, the amount of docks has increased with almost 160%, which today constitutes an increase of 1 700 new docks per year. Recent studies show that vegetation is degraded as the number of docks and boats increase within shallow, wave sheltered areas. It is estimated that almost 20% of this important environment is negatively affected by recreational boating today; in the County of Stockholm and Västra Götaland around 30% of shallow, wave sheltered areas are estimated to be impacted. Despite several management measures in the last decades to decrease coastal exploitation, there are no signs that the rate of exploitation is decreasing.The large number of recreational boats with combustion engines, the trend of increasing engine size, and the fact that engines lack all forms of emission control result in substantial emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. Recent estimates suggest that the emissions from recreational boats are very high and comparable with other types of transport in Sweden. Emission of toxic copper from antifouling paint on recreational boats is also substantial and contributes to the high levels of copper in coastal waters, which is above the limit for good ecological status in 85% of the assessed coastal water bodies.Although most boat owners likely spend time at sea because they enjoy and care about the environment, the results presented in this report show that recreational boating have a substantial negative impact on the coastal environment, particularly in shallow, wave protected areas. In these areas, today’s use and development of recreational boating cannot be considered sustainable. However, the report also shows that there are ways to decrease the environmental impact from recreational boating. By changing the way we use and store recreational boats, and by improving management we can still allow coming generations to enjoy unexploited coastal environments with clear water and a rich plant and animal life.The report ends by discussing new, possible measures and solutions for a more sustainable use of recreational boats in Sweden, which could be a starting point for continuing such work. These include e.g. to identify vulnerable coastal environments in order to steer away exploitation and recreational boat traffic from these areas. By storing boats on land, the need for docks, dredging and toxic antifouling paint could decrease. Reduced speed limits and access limitations for recreational motorboats in certain areas could decrease negative impact on the most vulnerable habitats. Finally, new, environmentally friendly technology, and new financial instruments could be used to decrease negative impacts and create a more sustainable development of recreational boating.
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| 43. |
- Molnar, Miklos, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits of ICT in the construction industry - characterization of the present situation in house-building processes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the W78 Conference, Maribor 2007. ; , s. 423-428
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Departing from the hypothesis that R&D within ICT plays an essential role in the transformation of the construction sector from a traditional to an industrialised process, a joint Swedish and French project has been carried out (to be completed in April 2007) to assess the short and medium term possibilities to improve efficiency and quality in multi-storey house-building. This paper describes today’s use of ICT (situation as-is) in Swedish multi-storey house-building projects and identifies a number of key development areas. The research was carried out through steps including statistical analyses of market data, a case study, a survey with active developers working with R&D in the field of ICT and workshops with construction industry representatives and researchers. Typically, Swedish multi-storey house-building projects are carried out as isolated projects, involving 15 designers, 20 subcontractors and 40 material suppliers. Relations between most of the project participants are ad-hoc. ICT-use is regulated by the architect’s CAD manual regarding layer structures, routines for information exchange during design, use of a project network, hardware, software and filing. 2D CAD is the predominant design tool. ICT is widely used for administrative purposes, especially by the large contractors. Information transfer between participants in and between different stages of the project is inefficient and redundant information is created. Transfer of information is often carried out manually. Computer aided design, interoperability, virtual reality, cooperation and ICT-policies, the product definition process, use of systems products, quantity take-off and reuse of experience are identified as development areas where ICT can play an important role to improve productivity and quality. Highest potential to achieve improvement by immediate uptake is attributed by the survey persons to computer aided design, interoperability and reuse of experience. A time span of 2 - 5 years is needed to obtain benefits by more efficient cooperation and ICT-policies and rational quantity take-off.
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| 44. |
- Olofsson, Thomas, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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A method for predicting the annual building heating demand based on limited performance data
- 1998
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 28:1, s. 101-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present an investigation of the possibility to use a neural network combined with a quasi-physical description in order to predict the annual supplied space heating demand (P) for a number of small single family buildings located in the North of Sweden. As a quasi-physical description for P, we used measured diurnal performance data from a similar building or simulated data from a steady state energy simulation software. We show that the required supplied space heating demand may be predicted with an average accuracy of 5%. The predictions were based on access to measured diurnal data of indoor and outdoor temperatures and the supplied heating demand from a limited time period, ranging from 10 to 35 days. The prediction accuracy was found to be almost independent of what time of the year the measurements were obtained from, except for periods when the supplied heating demand was very small. For models based on measurements from May and fo some buildings from April and September, the prediction was less accurate.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Olofsson, Thomas, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy load predictions for buildings based on a total demand perspective
- 1998
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 28:1, s. 109-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The outline of this work was to develop models for single family buildings, based on a total energy demand perspective, i.e., building-climate-inhabitants. The building-climate part was included by using a commercial dynamic energy simulation software. Whereas the influence from the inhabitants was implemented in terms of a predicted load for domestic equipment and hot water preparation, based on a reference building. The estimations were processed with neural network techniques. All models were based on access to measured diurnal data from a limited time period, ranging from 10 to 35 days. The annual energy predictions were found to be improved, compared to models based on only a building-climate perspective, when the domestic load was included. For periods with a small heating demand, i.e., May-September, the average accuracy was 7% and 4% for the heating and total energy load, respectively, whereas for the rest of the year the accuracy was on average 3% for both heating and total energy load.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Olofsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Kravhantering, produkt- och projektutveckling av industriella byggkoncept
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I ett industriellt byggande måste krav och önskemål hanteras i två utvecklingsfaser dels i den normala byggprocessen, s.k. projektutvecklingsfas, dels när det industriella konceptet utvecklas i en separat produktutvecklingsprocess, som är åtskild från byggprocessen. När produktutvecklingsfasen är genomförd, ska den på något sätt paketeras, lanseras, tillämpas och förvaltas. Plattformar och produktfamiljer är begrepp som används för att beskriva utvecklingen av strategier för s.k. "mass customization" i den fasta industrin, d v s sättet att med bibehållen skalfördel i mass-produktionssystem kunna anpassa produkten efter kundens önskemål. Det innebär att ägaren av ett byggkoncept skall utveckla dessa plattformar för projektering, produktion och försörjningskedjor som sedan används i projektutvecklingen av konceptet till färdig byggnad. Alla koncept måste pro-jektutvecklas till viss del, d v s anpassas till platsen. Hur stor del som konceptet specificeras i förväg, d v s i teknik och processutvecklingsskedet styr också i hög grad hur byggprocessen behöver förändras. Dagens utvecklade byggsystem har olika flexibilitet, förtillverkningsgrad och integration av leveran-törskedjor. Vilket innebär att möjlighet till kundanpassning varierar. Det är också viktigt att komma in tidigt i beställarens byggprocess för att kunna erbjuda alternativ som passar. Förutom krav som to-talentreprenad, kan lokala detaljplaner, illustrationsplaner och skisser innefatta krav som kullkastar användande av ett utvecklat koncept. Industriella byggare måste därför utveckla mer geometriskt flexibla byggkoncept än idag så att de bättre kan uppfylla framtida detaljplaners bestämmelser och intentioner. Resultaten från kravhanteringen visar att kravbild och kravnivåer är fragmenterade och olika för olika kravställare. En övervägande del av kraven ska beaktas i projekteringsskedet. Koncept som har hög grad av standardisering så måste byggherren tydligt tjäna tid, pengar och kvalitet på att anstränga sig för att anpassa sitt projekt till plattformen. Kravhantering ersätts i princip med en säljprocess där byggherren/kunden har att ta ställning till ett antal val. Görs oförutsedda avsteg från ett sådant kon-cept förlorar man snabbt vitsen med industrialiseringen. I projektutvecklingen, d v s när konceptet skall anpassas till kund och plats, kan prestanda¬analyser förenklas avsevärt. En stor del av konceptets egenskaper eller indata kommer att vara gemensamt och på förhand känt, d v s endast de egenskaperna som varieras (påverkas av kundanpassningen) behöver definieras. I fallstudien demonstrerades detta med en utvecklad applikation för energianalyser i ett projektutvecklingsskede. Fallstudien med avseende på konceptutveckling av en betongvägg visar att hög energiprestanda och fuktprestanda ej behöver stå i motsats till varandra. Den valda lösningen av de konceptutvecklade betongväggen gav knappt märkbar försämring av fuktprestanda samtidigt som energiprestandan förbättrades väsentligt. Vidare så kunde anslutningen förbättras utan att påverka det arkitektoniska uttrycket. En observation som gjordes i detta arbete var att modularisering med avseende på funktion krävdes. Metodiken som utvecklades i fallstudien lämpar sig mycket väl i ett industriellt byggande baserat på tekniska plattformar där en stor del av de tekniska lösningarna, komponenter och basmoduler är definierade. Vi tror att industrialiserat byggande har en framtid men att det kommer under en lång tid att ske i avgränsade nischer medans de stora förändringarna kommer att ske när dagens platsbyggda flerbo-stadshus övergår till i att allt högre grad baseras på byggsystem och plattformstänkande. En intressant utveckling blir när standardisering av komponenter och processer integreras i plattformar där effektivitetsvinster kan göras i alla led i byggprocessen från projektering och inköp till produktion och montering på plats.
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| 49. |
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