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| 2. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-
(författare)
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Communication space : Spatial design in manufacturing industry
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main concern of this licentiate thesis is to discuss how built space is used for communication in the manufacturing industry, from a visual communication perspective. The thesis presents and develops the notion of 'communication space' and presents a model to describe the relation between different factors in the communication space. In a multiple case study, six different cases from the manufacturing industry are described and analyzed to highlight how built space is used for communication in a lean production context. Research results on how built spaces such as improvement places, meeting places and a development workshop affect improvement processes and communication are presented. What the studied improvement areas, meeting places and workshop can be said to communicate about the improvement processes is analyzed. The research results show that the built spaces in manufacturing industry are used for communication on two levels, both as places for interaction between employees and as a part of a communication process. The study also shows a relation between architecture from a specific time and the relation to the improvement work in the industrial context. How the results can be used to facilitate communication in the built spaces used for improvement processes in manufacturing industry is suggested in the thesis.
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| 3. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-
(författare)
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Rumslig omgestaltning : – en visuell signal i förändringsprocesser
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AbstractDetta är en teknisk rapport om en fallstudie, utförd på en utvecklingsverkstad, 2007-2008. Som metod användes intervju, enkätundersökning, studier av tryckt material och arkitekturanalys. En rumslig förändring kopplas till aspekter som orientering, professionalitet, den anställdes känsla av värde för företaget, motivation och status. Andra aspekter i studien är rumslig gestaltning som signal för förändring, nöjda medarbetare, trivsel, framtid, attraktiv arbetsplats, verkstad i världsklass och effektivitet. Resultatet indikerar att en rumslig förändring i den studerade utvecklingsverkstaden fungerar som en positiv visuell signal för en pågående förändringsprocess när det gäller organisation på avdelningen som helhet. I det empiriska resultatet har det blivit tydligt att förändringar av rumsliga element starkt kan förknippas med – och vara ett resultat av – agerad information (Bates, 2006). De övertygelser och förhoppningar som genomsyrar avdelningens ledning visar sig i form av effekter i de rumsliga elementen. I slutsatsen diskuteras studiens resultat kort i relation till Hawthornestudien (Mayo, 1933).
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| 4. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-
(författare)
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Spaces for innovation
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Workspace design, as an enabling factor in innovation, is an emerging topic for innovation and design research. However, little research has been done on users’ experience on workspaces for innovation in a manufacturing industrial context. The aim of the dissertation is to develop knowledge and understanding of workspaces for innovation from a user perspective.The dissertation is based on studies done in four manufacturing industries and in one design and innovation consultancy, with a focus on the employees' experience of the physical space in relation to innovation. The research method used was the photo elicitation interview. The 31 participants made photographs that served as a basis for verbal interviews to communicate the relationship they experienced between their workspace and innovation. The analysis and the interpretation of the material, supported by information, cultural and phenomenological theoretical perspectives, intend to contribute to the current scientific discourse in innovation and design.A pattern was found in the results. In the manufacturing industrial companies, the majority of workspaces that users described as supporting or hindering innovation were motifs showing aculture promoting innovation in small steps. Their examples were found to be in close similarity to what previous research describe as characteristics of exploitative innovation. In the design company, the most photographed motifs were workspaces and objects that supported different variations of what previousresearch defines as characteristics for a culture supporting radical, explorative innovation.The dissertation presents results contributing to the research on ambidexterity, with focus on a possible coexistence between different innovation cultures. The results indicate that spatial differentiation creates possibilities for coexistence between the two innovation cultures. Six spatial characteristics were found in the descriptions of the workspaces related to the marginalised explorative culture in the manufacturing companies.The dissertation discusses the possibilities of creating spaces for explorative innovation (SEIs) and space as a tool for innovation. An initial version of a support for design is presented.
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| 5. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Spaces for Innovation : A Photo-elicitated Study in Three Companies from Manufacturing Industry and the Design Firm IDEO
- 2014
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Design Education. - 2325-128X. ; 7:3, s. 49-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility that physical space can support or disturb processes for innovation in production systems is overlooked in the manufacturing industry and in research. This article rests on three studies in manufacturing industries and one in a design firm, with a focus on the employees' subjective experience of the physical space in relation to innovation. The employees made photographs and used keywords (followed up with verbal interviews) to communicate the relationship they perceived between physical space and innovation. The study shows that there is a relationship between company culture and the individual’s choices of physical spaces understood to support or hinder innovation. From the results, it can be concluded, that manufacturing companies which were studied form cultures that produce few spaces that support divergent thinking, while such spaces are prioritized in the design firm. This article show clean and orderly spaces for innovation in the manufacturing industry; for the design company, informal, collaborative, and visually simulative environments.
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| 6. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial design and communication for Improved Production Performance
- 2009
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Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of The International 3rd Swedish Production Symposium</em>. - Swedish Production Academy. - 9789163360060 ; , s. 317-324
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper present research results on how a spatial design can communicate and supportproduction performance in relation to lean production. The main concern of this paper is todiscuss the role of interior design and its affect on humans in a production system and tocontribute to a more profound understanding of lean production from a communicative aspect.This paper is focusing on three case studies: a project studio, a prototype workshop, and adevelopment workshop in manufacturing companies. The study in the development workshopis conducted during a period of two years, with an ambitious survey as follow up. Thetwo others are context cases to exemplify and investigate the role of interior design in anindustrial environment, with project studios as the main subject.The research method chosen is case study methodology including a literature review relatedto examples from the industrial case studies.In industry, spatial design in interaction with visual artefacts can be used to reduce the 8thwaste by supporting effective communication, cross-functional work, decision-making processes,reinforcing the project identity, facilitating project management, save time, shortenled time for development projects and inspire employees to a positive view of the companyand the project.
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| 7. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial design for continuous improvement : The case study of three manufacturing companies
- 2010
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Ingår i: International journal of computer integrated manufacturing (Print). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0951-192X .- 1362-3052. ; 23:8-9, s. 791-805
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are places in industry intended for communication regarding continuous improvement. This paper presents an observation of the state of practice today in one large and two medium-sized companies. It explores spatial design in continuous improvement areas and how spatial design may hinder or support communication regarding improvements. Although implementation and development of lean manufacturing is a subject for research in an industrial context, the spatial design is not well developed as a supporting variable. Computers or digital visualisation tools are not used in the improvement areas of the studied companies, even though the companies have a highly automated production. The improvement areas serve as a complement to the integration of manufacturing through computers. The improvement areas enhance the possibility to develop shared knowledge of how the production works and to coordinate actions. The architectural and semiotic analysis of the spatial design for continuous improvement in industry implies a different perspective and includes aspects of cognition, information, communication and treats how and what the elements in the improvement areas communicate.
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| 8. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The emergence of socio-material assemblages in a university, company, and municipality collaboration
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the European Conference on e-Learning, ECEL. - : Academic Conferences Limited. - 9781912764075 ; , s. 506-512
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we report on an attempt to let students, companies, and organisations themselves discover the kinds of technologies that could be useful when co-producing knowledge in a Master’s-level course in innovation and design. Traditionally, and for various good reasons such as security and stability, universities have had certain online tools and systems for collaboration, while companies and municipalities have had others. These systems support internal communication within organisations but do not necessarily enhance communication with external contacts. This use of different systems creates barriers to the iterative, recurring, convenient, non-hierarchical, and open online collaboration needed in an innovative design process involving multiple stakeholders. During a ten-week Master’s-level course in innovation and design in 2016 and 2017 the 38 students divided into five project groups established contact with five companies and organisations and could choose their own online tools in dialogue with them. This paper presents the students’ and organisations’ emerging practices during the process based on observations and reflective evaluations conducted during and after the course. The results are discussed in light of how socio-material assemblages formed in this special setting and how the results might be used to improve the teaching of online literacy in design collaboration. The result indicates that for co-production of knowledge in innovation and design projects, three new social media literacies would be useful: meta communication, peak performance, and design awareness.
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| 9. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The method of photo-elicitation from a phenomenological perspective.
- 2014
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Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of</em> <em>13<sup>th</sup> International design conference Design 2014</em>. ; , s. -58
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing interest in the relation between workspace design and innovation. On the one hand, is the idea of designing an “innovation lab” that supports innovation. There are substantial financial investments involved when creating an innovation lab and there is evidence that such spaces can have short useful lifespan and some of them fail because they are not used as intended [Lewis and Moultrie 2005; Fayard and Weeks 2011]. On the other hand, workspaces can be altered by the users for short or long terms to support innovation activities. The users hence become spatial designers themselves. A gap exists in research on the underlying mechanisms, architecture, and dynamics by which organisations can create an environment supporting continuous improvements and radical innovation on both individual and organisational levels [Turner, Swart and Maylor 2013, Turner and Lee-Kelly 2013]. From design research we can contribute with a perspective on the underlying mechanisms and the dynamics in play in the area of workspace design and innovation. We can form the design research for the innovation labs, i.e. utopian specifically designed spaces for innovation, or the relationship between innovation, users and daily workspaces. We have chosen to acknowledge and study the complexity in relations between users, daily workspaces and innovation. Our hypothesis was that photo-elicitation could be a method to study that weave of complexity and research underlying dynamics.In this article we discuss the method of the photo-elicitated interview (PEI), as a tool in human-centred design research with respect to context and workspace. A phenomenological perspective focus on the human experience, examine and clarify situations, events and experiences as they occurs spontaneously in daily life (Seamon, 2000). This article intend to provide background theories from phenomenology and examples from an empirical study to discuss if and how PEI is instrumental in getting information from interviewees about their relation to their workspaces and innovation. Although the phenomenological theoretical perspective is relevant and therefore used here to describe human relation to workspaces and discuss the method, our use of specific notions from phenomenology aims firstly to support the analyse of the method to inform design research, and is not intended develop the phenomenological concepts themselves.
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| 10. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Tool complexes of innovation: : Spaces for explorative innovation in four manufacturing industrial companies
- 2014
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Ingår i: DRS 2014, Design´s big debates. - Umeå. ; , s. 663-676
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Providing an environment in which both radical innovation and continuous improvement can exist, i.e. an ambidextrous environment, is one of the biggest challenges management faces. While having an ambidextrous organisation is of central importance to the competitive advantage of a firm, there is limited understanding of how to manage it.In this article, we are reporting on our research on the design of workspaces and the relations between design and ambidexterity in innovation. We studied the workspaces as artefacts in innovation cultures. We analysed relations between users and spaces that could enable an explorative innovation culture to emerge, and found spaces related to explorative innovation that coexisted with an exploitative innovation culture in production in the manufacturing industry.The results indicate that to develop ambidexterity on an individual level in a culture dominated by exploitative innovation, one strategy is spatial differentiation. The result shows that artefacts relating to a culture for explorative innovation in the studied manufacturing companies are artefacts in a marginalised culture. We present six spatial characteristics for artefacts in the marginalised culture: undercover spaces, grey zone spaces, satellite spaces, chameleon spaces, temporal spaces and accession spaces.
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| 11. |
- Andersson Schaeffer, Jennie, PhD, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Whose place is it? : Enacted territories in the museum
- 2022
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Ingår i: DRS2022, DRS Conference Proceedings. - : Design Research Society.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing trend to embrace the idea of public participation in the work of museums, from exhibition design to collections. To further develop participatory cultures in museums, these negotiations and emerging practices should be examined more closely. This paper explores a museum’s whole-hearted attempt to engage with the societal issue of climate change and work with a high degree of participationfrom civic society when staging a temporary exhibition. We investigate experiences inthe process of building, measuring, separating and transgressing during the collaboration. Based on these explorations the paper presents three emerging and interconnected territories in the staging of participatory temporary exhibitions, the territory of aesthetics, the territory of action (autonomy), and the territory of unpredictability. The result contributes to research on public participatory practices mainly in museum context
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Brunklaus, Birgit, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon theatre in public spaces : Using participatory theatre and co-designmethods in a museum for shaping lowcarbon lifestyles
- 2019
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Ingår i: Life Cycle Management Conference 2019. - Poznan, Polen.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past ten years, the need for public spaces to deal with burning societal issues, such as climate change, has become even more important. Participatory theatre offers ways to meet the longing for shared forums by engaging large groups of people in exploring difficult social dilemmas. It can potentially empower participants to change their own situations and organizations. In a previous design research project Quantifying your carbon footprint, this gap was in focus. We will use the findings from the Quantifying carbon footprint project as an entry point and expand it with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on objects from the current museum collection and on daily life activities that have a carbon impact. The goal of the project is to explore and understand the climate and environmental impacts of lifestyles. The method used here are participatory theatre and co-design methods and pop-up exhibitions are used to engage young citizens in negotiating social norms and understanding their possible impact on CO2 emissions. The museum collections play a crucial role in the process of understanding how LCA calculations are related to mundane objects and reflecting on the temporality of social norms that are negotiated and re-negotiated through the way we handle products and objects in our everyday life. Developing new practices for museums involving participatory methods in order to engage young citizens in climate research. The results of the introductory meeting and study visit show that using the museum’s collection, the history and the value of things in the past centuries become clear and easier to reflect on compared to today’s unsustainable lifestyle – travelling and over consumption. Carbon Dioxide Theatre is an attempt to shape a shared space on a local level, in line with the priorities of the museum’s three years plan.
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| 14. |
- Eriksson, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers' Role in Blended Learning : The Emperor's new Clothes?
- 2017
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON E-LEARNING (ECEL 2017). - : ACAD CONFERENCES LTD. - 9781911218609 ; , s. 163-168
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- From a theoretical perspective, this paper problematizes the future role of teachers in higher education, especially in the Swedish context, placing opportunities and raised challenges by blended learning in a historical context of distance education. Distance education was introduced in the late 19th century and has been offered by two main actors in Sweden: the correspondence school Hermods and universities. It has been viewed as a part of life-long learning, a concept introduced in the 1960s. The correspondence schools offered elementary education courses, and in-service training for various professions, while universities largely focused on higher education but also provided education or training commissioned by other organizations. Recently, the teaching requirements and role of the teacher in distance education have changed dramatically, from formulating exercises and commenting on students' work to giving videotaped lectures in English for an open audience. However, there is still a lack of appropriate guidance for teachers on effective pedagogical practice in the new settings. Specifically, there is an increasing need to support teachers in designing and creating effective videotaped lectures that are accessible for a dispersed audience. The TED talks seem to provide a role model for performance as a lecturer, but the average teacher hardly has time to both prepare regular face-to-face lectures and distance lectures, e.g. extensively rehearse before recording. The paper discusses how the challenges of future roles of teachers can be met when lecturing in front of a camera.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Gottlieb, Laura
(författare)
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Relational Sensitivity in Participatory Design : Thinking and making together through joint inquiry
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Participatory design processes can entail involving individuals, groups, and communities in joint inquiry to deliberate on their current situation, imagine alternative futures, and forge possible collaborations. Relational sensitivity – drawing attention to relationships in a given situation – is important when staging (i.e., organising and designing for) and facilitating joint inquiry. It is a valuable concept with which to illuminate and discuss contingent circumstances that may arise and, more generally, to support participation in joint inquiry. This PhD thesis explores and develops views of and a vocabulary for discussing relational sensitivity so as to support practitioners in staging joint inquiry. The thesis includes both a literature review and practice-based studies, applying a research through design approach to discuss relational sensitivity. The practice-based studies examine two participatory design processes: the collaborative designing of a communal space with university students, and the development of shared practices and rituals in a co-working space with professionals from the public sector. The practice-based studies also include nine design experiments in which situations for joint inquiry have been staged in academic contexts and in a museum. Through the literature- and practice-based studies, the thesis addresses two research questions: “How can relational sensitivity be understood when staging situations for joint inquiry?” and “How can the study of relational sensitivity inform practitioners when staging situations for joint inquiry?” Research methods include the use of field notes, journal notes, collective analysis, audio- and video-recordings, and questionnaires.The results include three perspectives from which to understand relational sensitivity when staging joint inquiry: sensitivity to self (e.g., reflexivity, self-awareness, and embodied awareness), sensitivity to intersubjective dynamics (e.g., attunement and responsiveness to group dynamics, affect, emotions, values, trust, and power dynamics), and sensitivity to materiality and process (e.g., the roles of materials, artefacts, and activities in reflection, social cohesion, and diverse contexts, and the role of the body in power dynamics). While relational sensitivity is primarily discussed in relation to practitioners – i.e., those staging joint inquiry – this thesis also discusses the importance of cultivating participants’ awareness of the self and others when staging joint inquiry to collectively support participation.Overall, this research contributes to the research fields of innovation and design and of participatory design by developing knowledge of relational sensitivity and its role in staging situations for joint inquiry. It provides insights into how practitioners can develop, discuss, and study their relational sensitivity and support participants in participatory design processes.
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| 17. |
- Gottlieb, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Teatime : Exploring ways to support diverse narratives on sustainability through design
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Design Journal. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1460-6925 .- 1756-3062. ; 25:1, s. 44-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the design research community, diverse narratives and ontologies are discussed in relation to sustainability. Relational ontology is proposed as an alternative to the dominant dualist ontology as a way to reconnect people with their ecological embeddedness and responsibility. This work presents a dialogical tool called 'teatime' created to introduce diverse, immaterial perspectives on sustainability in a co-design project with youth and researchers. The study explores the role of the teatime design in eliciting diverse narratives and forming a dialogical space. The results show that the teatime supported reflections on immaterial perspectives, bringing out relational and social values related to the ecological crises. This study uses a systematic evaluation to reveal a micro-material perspective on ways in which the teatime design and facilitation supported the inquiry process. We propose that the design practitioners take on the role of crafting dialogical spaces that support social relationships and evoke immaterial perspectives.
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| 18. |
- Heikkila, M, et al.
(författare)
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The Provotype as a methodological exploration in educational research
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Research and Method in Education. - : Routledge. - 1743-727X .- 1743-7288.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preschool, understood as being both a physical and psychological environment, is, according to objectives in national curriculum, required to be inclusive for all those who attend it. Previous studies have identified the stereotypical norms of several everyday activities of preschools, including both interactions and premises. The aim of this article is to present and discuss a possible methodological idea of a 'provotype' as a model for re-representing empirical analysis based on different data types that are combined in a research process. Research concerning provotypes will be presented. The research method will be presented in detail and the analytical process described. In the results section, the provotype and its aspects will be presented. Both during the work with the provotype as well as afterwards we have learned that working with the 'provotyping (what we like to call the whole process of analysing the results, visualizing, discussing the form of it and our reactions to the provotype) involves several phases of exproration and those phases includes uncertainty. A provotype might be a good way of re-illustrating, or as we put it re-representing, results from case studies with a number of different data, as in this study.
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| 19. |
- Johansson, Peter E., Associate professor, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Let us measure, then what? : Exploring purposeful use of innovation management self-assessments.
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management. - 0265-671X .- 1758-6682. ; 36:10, s. 1734-1749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding regarding how managers attempt to make purposeful use of innovation management self-assessments (IMSA) and performance information (PI).Design/methodology/approachAn interpretative perspective on purposeful use is used as an analytical framework, and the paper is based on empirical material from two research projects exploring the use of IMSA and PI in three case companies. Based on the empirical data, consisting of interviews and observations of workshops and project meetings, qualitative content analysis has been conducted.FindingsThe findings of this paper indicate that how managers achieve a purposeful use of PI is related to their approach toward how to use the specific PI at hand, and two basic approaches are analytically separated: a rule-based approach and a reflective approach. Consequently, whether or not the right thing is being measured also becomes a question of how the PI is actually being interpreted and used. Thus, the extensive focus on what to measure and how to measure it becomes edgeless unless equal attention is given to how managers are able to use the PI to make knowledgeable decisions regarding what actions to take to achieve the desired changes.Practical implicationsGiven the results, it comes with a managerial responsibility to make sure that all managers who are supposed to be engaged in using the PI are given roles in the self-assessments that are aligned with the level of knowledge they possess, or can access.Originality/valueHow managers purposefully use PI is a key to understand the potential impact of self-assessments.
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