| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Hantke, Max F., et al.
(författare)
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A data set from flash X-ray imaging of carboxysomes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultra-intense femtosecond X-ray pulses from X-ray lasers permit structural studies on single particles and biomolecules without crystals. We present a large data set on inherently heterogeneous, polyhedral carboxysome particles. Carboxysomes are cell organelles that vary in size and facilitate up to 40% of Earth’s carbon fixation by cyanobacteria and certain proteobacteria. Variation in size hinders crystallization. Carboxysomes appear icosahedral in the electron microscope. A protein shell encapsulates a large number of Rubisco molecules in paracrystalline arrays inside the organelle. We used carboxysomes with a mean diameter of 115±26 nm from Halothiobacillus neapolitanus. A new aerosol sample-injector allowed us to record 70,000 low-noise diffraction patterns in 12 min. Every diffraction pattern is a unique structure measurement and high-throughput imaging allows sampling the space of structural variability. The different structures can be separated and phased directly from the diffraction data and open a way for accurate, high-throughput studies on structures and structural heterogeneity in biology and elsewhere.
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| 3. |
- Hantke, Max F., et al.
(författare)
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High-throughput imaging of heterogeneous cell organelles with an X-ray laser
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 8:12, s. 943-949
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We overcome two of the most daunting challenges in single-particle diffractive imaging: collecting many high-quality diffraction patterns on a small amount of sample and separating components from mixed samples. We demonstrate this on carboxysomes, which are polyhedral cell organelles that vary in size and facilitate up to 40% of Earth's carbon fixation. A new aerosol sample-injector allowed us to record 70,000 low-noise diffraction patterns in 12 min with the Linac Coherent Light Source running at 120 Hz. We separate different structures directly from the diffraction data and show that the size distribution is preserved during sample delivery. We automate phase retrieval and avoid reconstruction artefacts caused by missing modes. We attain the highest-resolution reconstructions on the smallest single biological objects imaged with an X-ray laser to date. These advances lay the foundations for accurate, high-throughput structure determination by flash-diffractive imaging and offer a means to study structure and structural heterogeneity in biology and elsewhere.
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| 4. |
- Hibar, Derrek P., et al.
(författare)
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Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (r(g) = -0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness.
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| 5. |
- Kadigrobov, Anatoli M., 1937, et al.
(författare)
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Thermoelectrical manipulation of nano-magnets : A spin-thermionic oscillator
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - San Diego, CA : SPIE. - 9780819482563 ; 7760, s. 77600R-1 - 77600R-17-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the interplay between the thermodynamic properties and spin-dependent transport in a mesoscopic magnetic multilayer, in which two strongly ferromagnetic layers are exchange-coupled through a weakly ferromagnetic spacer. We show theoretically that the system allows a spin-thermoelectronic control of the relative orientation of the outer layers. Supporting experimental evidence of thermally controlled switching from parallel to anti-parallel magnetization orientations in the sandwich is presented. We show magneto-resistance oscillations may take place with frequencies up to GHz. We discuss in detail an experimental realization of a device that can operate as a thermo-magneto-resistive switch or oscillator.
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| 6. |
- Kadigrobov, Anatoli M., 1937, et al.
(författare)
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Thermoelectrical manipulation of nanomagnets
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 107:12, s. 123706-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the interplay between the thermodynamic properties and spin-dependent transport in a mesoscopic device based on a magnetic multilayer (F/f/F), in which two strongly ferromagnetic layers (F) are exchange-coupled through a weakly ferromagnetic spacer (f) with the Curie temperature in the vicinity of room temperature. We show theoretically that the Joule heating produced by the spin-dependent current allows a spin-thermoelectronic control of the ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic (f/N) transition in the spacer and, thereby, of the relative orientation of the outer F-layers in the device (spin-thermoelectric manipulation of nanomagnets). Supporting experimental evidence of such thermally-controlled switching from parallel to antiparallel magnetization orientations in F/f(N)/F sandwiches is presented. Furthermore, we show theoretically that local Joule heating due to a high concentration of current in a magnetic point contact or a nanopillar can be used to reversibly drive the weakly ferromagnetic spacer through its Curie point and thereby exchange couple and decouple the two strongly ferromagnetic F-layers. For the devices designed to have an antiparallel ground state above the Curie point of the spacer, the associated spin-thermionic parallel to antiparallel switching causes magnetoresistance oscillations whose frequency can be controlled by proper biasing from essentially dc to GHz. We discuss in detail an experimental realization of a device that can operate as a thermomagnetoresistive switch or oscillator.
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| 7. |
- Peuker, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Isotope Editing of Proteins for Site-Directed Vibrational Spectroscopy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 138:7, s. 2312-2318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrational spectra contain unique information on protein structure and dynamics. However, this information is often obscured by spectral congestion, and site-selective information is not available. In principle, sites of interest can be spectrally identified by isotope shifts, but site-specific isotope labeling of proteins is today possible only for favorable amino acids or with prohibitively low yields. Here we present an efficient cell-free expression system for the site-specific incorporation of any isotope-labeled amino acid into proteins. We synthesized 1.6 mg of green fluorescent protein with an isotope-labeled tyrosine from 100 mL of cell free reaction extract. We unambiguously identified spectral features of the tyrosine in the fingerprint region of the time-resolved infrared absorption spectra. Kinetic analysis confirmed the existence of an intermediate state between photoexcitation and proton transfer that lives for 3 ps. Our method lifts vibrational spectroscopy of proteins to a higher level of structural specificity.
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| 8. |
- van der Schot, Gijs, et al.
(författare)
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Open data set of live cyanobacterial cells imaged using an X-ray laser
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural studies on living cells by conventional methods are limited to low resolution because radiation damage kills cells long before the necessary dose for high resolution can be delivered. X-ray free-electron lasers circumvent this problem by outrunning key damage processes with an ultra-short and extremely bright coherent X-ray pulse. Diffraction-before-destruction experiments provide high-resolution data from cells that are alive when the femtosecond X-ray pulse traverses the sample. This paper presents two data sets from micron-sized cyanobacteria obtained at the Linac Coherent Light Source, containing a total of 199,000 diffraction patterns. Utilizing this type of diffraction data will require the development of new analysis methods and algorithms for studying structure and structural variability in large populations of cells and to create abstract models. Such studies will allow us to understand living cells and populations of cells in new ways. New X-ray lasers, like the European XFEL, will produce billions of pulses per day, and could open new areas in structural sciences.
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| 9. |
- Völz, Sebastian, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Renal sympathetic denervation in Sweden : a report from the Swedish registry for renal denervation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 36:1, s. 151-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Renal denervation (RDN) is a catheter-based intervention to treat patients with resistant hypertension. The biological effects of RDN are not fully understood, and randomized controlled trials have generated conflicting evidence. This report presents data from the Swedish Registry for Renal Denervation, an investigator-driven nationwide registry. Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of RDN on patients with resistant hypertension in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: This nationwide database contains patient characteristics, procedural details, and follow-up data on all RDN procedures performed in Sweden. Consecutive procedures between 2011 and 2015 were included. Results: The data analysis consists of 252 patients (mean age 61 +/- 10 years, 38% women; mean 4.5 +/- 1.5 antihypertensive drugs). Office SBP and DBP and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) decreased 6 months after RDN (176 +/- 23/97 +/- 17 to 161 +/- 26/91 +/- 16 mmHg, both P<0.001; and 155 +/- 17/89 +/- 14 to 147 +/- 18/82 +/- 12 mmHg, both P<0.001). Significant office and ambulatory BP reductions persisted throughout the observation period of 36 months. Major procedure-related vascular complications occurred in four patients. Renal function and number of antihypertensive drugs were unchanged during follow-up. Conclusion: In this complete national cohort, RDN was associated with a sustained reduction in office and ambulatory BP in patients with resistant hypertension. The procedure proved to be feasible and associated with a low-complication rate, including long-term adverse events.
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| 10. |
- Aggerstam, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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GaN/AlN multiple quantum well structures grown by MBE on GaN templates for 1.55 mu m intersubband absorption
- 2007
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Ingår i: Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV. - : SPIE. - 9780819465924 ; 6479, s. 64791E-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used MBE to grow MQW structures on MOVPE GaN/sapphire templates. The MQW devices are intended for high speed intersubband electroabsorption modulator devices operating at 1.55-mu m. The GaN/AlN multiple quantum well material was systematically studied regarding the surface morphology, structural characterization and optical property by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The intersubband resonance energy was also calculated considering many-body effects in n-type doped structures. The multiple quantum well structure showed superior performance in terms of linewidth when grown on GaN templates as compared on sapphire. GaN quantum well and AlN barriers with a thickness of 3.3 and 4.2 nm respectively resulted in FWHM of the intersubband absorption peak as low as 93 meV at an absorption energy of 700 meV. This is promising for intersubband modulator applications.
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| 11. |
- Akansel, Serkan, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of seed layers on dynamic and static magnetic properties of Fe65Co35 thin films
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics D. - : IOP Publishing. - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 51:30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fe65Co35 thin films have been deposited on SiO2 substrates using sputtering technique with different choices of seed layer; Ru, Ni82.5Fe17.5, Rh, Y and Zr. Best soft magnetic properties were observed with seed layers of Ru, Ni82.5Fe17.5 and Rh. Adding these seed layers, the coercivity of the Fe65Co35 films decreased to values of around 1.5 mT, which can be compared to the value of 12.5 mT obtained for films deposited without seed layer. Further investigations were performed on samples with these three seed layers in terms of dynamic magnetic properties, both on as prepared and annealed samples, using constant frequency cavity and broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurements. Damping parameters of around 8.0X10-3 and 4.5X10-3 were obtained from in-plane and out-of-plane measurements, respectively, for as prepared samples, values that were reduced to 6.5X10-3 and 4.0X10-3 for annealed samples.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Amyloid Deposition in Transplanted Human Pancreatic Islets : A Conceivable Cause of Their Long-Term Failure
- 2008
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Ingår i: EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-5214 .- 1687-5303. ; 2008:562985
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the encouraging report of the Edmonton group, there was a rejuvenation of the islet transplantation field. After that, more pessimistic views spread when long-term results of the clinical outcome were published. A progressive loss of the beta-cell function meant that almost all patients were back on insulin therapy after 5 years. More than 10 years ago, we demonstrated that amyloid deposits rapidly formed in human islets and in mouse islets transgenic for human IAPP when grafted into nude mice. It is, therefore, conceivable to consider amyloid formation as one potential candidate for the long-term failure. The present paper reviews attempts in our laboratories to elucidate the dynamics of and mechanisms behind the formation of amyloid in transplanted islets with special emphasis on the impact of long-term hyperglycemia.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Evert, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of train-overturning risk due to strong cross-winds
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part F, journal of rail and rapid transit. - : SAGE Publications. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 218:3, s. 213-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the methodology for safety assessment related to the risk of a train overturning in strong cross-winds. As an example, this methodology is applied on the high-speed line Botniabanan being built for a maximum speed of 250 km/h in the northeast coastal region of Sweden. The process starts with a systematic identification of locations along the line having a potential high risk of overturning due to cross-winds. This is followed by a cross-disciplinary study. The first step is to estimate the probabilities of wind velocity and wind directions. The next step is aerodynamic computation of overturning forces and moments acting on relevant types of train. Further, the critical overturning wind velocity is determined by a multi-body simulation technique. Finally, the overturning accident frequency is calculated. The calculated risk is compared with generally accepted risk levels in modern train operation.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Evert, et al.
(författare)
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Green Train: concept and technology overview
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Rail Transportation. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2324-8386 .- 2324-8378. ; 2:1, s. 2-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green Train (in Swedish, Gröna Tåget) is a research, development and demonstrationprogramme with the overall objective to define an economical, flexible and environmentallyfriendly train concept. The objective is also to develop technology for futurehigh-speed trains for the northern European market, particularly for Scandinavia. Mostof the technology developed is also applicable to other world markets, as well as toslower trains. The programme has covered many important areas, including economy,capacity and market aspects, conceptual design, traveller attractiveness and interiors,travel time, energy efficiency and noise, winter performance, track friendliness and carbody tilt, aerodynamics, electric propulsion and current collection. The programme hasconducted fundamental analysis and research on the different issues as well as designand testing of new technologies. A number of crucial technologies have undergoneperformance and type testing both in lab and on a test train. Experience feedback wasachieved in commercial train service during the period 2006−2013 including harshwinters. This paper summarises a great deal of research and development that has beenperformed in the Green Train programme.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Evert, et al.
(författare)
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Gröna Tåget - Green Train - Train for tomorrow's travellers
- 2011
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Ingår i: ZEVrail. - Berlin : Georg Siemens Verlag. - 1618-8330. ; 135, s. 140-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gröna Tåget (Green Train) is a Swedish research and development programme aiming at defining a concept and developing technology for the next generation high-speed trains, suitable for the Northern European countries. The programme involves almost all major stakeholders in the railway business in Sweden. Main sponsors are Trafikverket (former Banverket) as well as the railway industry and operators (Bombardier, SJ and others). The total budget is around 15 million EUR. The technical coordination is with the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm. The program started in 2005 and will continue until the end of 2011.Gröna Tåget is intended to be a fast, track-friendly, electric tilting train that can not only maintain higher speeds than conventional trains on sections with curves, but special versions could allow 300 km/h or more on future dedicated high-speed lines. Gröna Tåget shall be more attractive and more cost effective both to travellers and to operators than today’s trains. Environmental performance (energy use per passenger, noise) is expected to be still better than existing trains at lower speed.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Evert, et al.
(författare)
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How to find a compromise between track friendliness and the ability to run at high speed
- 2012
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Ingår i: Civil-Comp Proceedings. - Stirlingshire, UK : Civil-Comp Press. - 1759-3433. ; 98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When designing and optimizing a rail vehicle there is a contradiction between, on the one hand, stability on straight track at high speed and, on the other hand, reasonable wheel and rail wear in small- and medium-radius curves. This paper describes the process of developing and optimizing a track-friendly bogie. A simulation model has been used to investigate dynamic stability on straight track at high speeds along with the wheel and rail wear in sharper curves. The result is a bogie with relatively soft wheelset guidance allowing passive radial self-steering, which in combination with appropriate yaw damping ensures stability on straight track at higher speeds. This bogie has been tested according to EN 14363 at speeds up to about 300 km/h and in curves with radii ranging from 250 m and up.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Neighbourhood character affects the spatial extent and magnitude of the functional footprint of urban green infrastructure
- 2020
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Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 35:7, s. 1605-1618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context Urban densification has been argued to increase the contrast between built up and open green space. This contrast may offer a starting point for assessing the extent and magnitude of the positive influences urban green infrastructure is expected to have on its surroundings.Objectives Drawing on insights from landscape ecology and urban geography, this exploratory study investigates how the combined properties of green and grey urban infrastructures determine the influence of urban green infrastructure on the overall quality of the urban landscape.Methods This article uses distance rise-or-decay functions to describe how receptive different land uses are to the influence of neighbouring green spaces, and does this based on integrated information on urban morphology, land surface temperature and habitat use by breeding birds.Results Our results show how green space has a non-linear and declining cooling influence on adjacent urban land uses, extending up to 300-400 m in densely built up areas and up to 500 m in low density areas. Further, we found a statistically significant declining impact of green space on bird species richness up to 500 m outside its boundaries.Conclusions Our focus on land use combinations and interrelations paves the way for a number of new joint landscape level assessments of direct and indirect accessibility to different ecosystem services. Our early results reinforce the challenging need to retain more green space in densely built up part of cities.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Evert, et al.
(författare)
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Rail Systems and Rail Vehicles : Part 2: Rail Vehicles
- 2016. - 1
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This compendium is mainly intended for MSc education in rail vehicle engineering at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. The objective is to give an overview and fundamental knowledge of different rail systems, followed by a more thorough introduction to rail vehicles. In this way most rail aspects are covered. The compendium consists of 20 chapters.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Evert, et al.
(författare)
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Varför behövs Nya Stambanor i Sverige?
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stora investeringar och omdaningar planeras i vårt transportsystem. Transporterna väntas öka starkt i framtiden och mera kapacitet måste skapas på ett hållbart sätt. Diskussionerna om vilka transportmedel som ska prioriteras, såväl som vilka objekt som vi ska satsa på, är livliga.En viktig fråga är satsningen på Nya Stambanor avsedda för snabba persontransporter i de redan idag hårt belastade stråken Stockholm‒Göteborg och Stockholm‒Malmö, med ett stort antal mellanliggande orter. Denna typ av järnvägar finns redan eller planeras i de flesta av världens ledande ekonomier. Syftet med att bygga nya stambanor är att öka den totala kapaciteten för person- och godstrafik på järnväg, öka punktligheten och öka tillgängligheten genom korta restider. Det ger också förutsättningar för större regionala arbetsmarknader och ökat bostadsbyggande utanför storstäderna samt en bättre miljö. Nuvarande stambanor avlastas och lämnar plats för bl a effektivare godstransporter.Denna rapport behandlar först järnvägens egenskaper. Järnvägen är det energieffektivaste transportmedel vi känner till, den tar liten plats och är mycket trafiksäker. Moderna tåg på modern bana är vårt snabbaste transportmedel till lands. Tåg kan bereda plats och komfort för arbete och avkoppling under resan. Enligt författarnas uppfattning bör dessa egenskaper göra järnvägen till ett förstahandsalternativ för effektiva och hållbara transporter i de segment där järnvägen är eller kan bli konkurrenskraftig.Prognoser och analys, samt erfarenheter från utlandet, visar att trafikunderlaget i Sverige är tillräckligt för nya stambanor. Med de förslagna banorna väntas järnvägens totala kapacitet öka till mer än det dubbla i de mest belastade stråken. En viktig faktor är att den snabba och långsamma tågtrafiken separeras. Denna åtgärd ger ökad kapacitet, utöver vad de dubblerade spåren ger, eftersom tågen kan köra tätare efter varandra och störningarna i tågtrafiken minskar.Restiderna för orterna längs de nya stambanorna minskar kraftigt, i regel mellan 30 och 65%. Tillsammans med ökad turtäthet och minskade störningar ger det stora ökningar av tågtrafiken. De officiella prognoserna lider dock av ett antal allvarliga brister, varför både trafikökningen och den samhällsekonomiska lönsamheten beräkningsmässigt framstår som mindre än vad den enligt KTH:s prognoser och internationell erfarenhet borde vara.Författarna anser att anläggningskostnaderna är rimliga i relation till nyttorna och jämfört med vad andra omställningar i samhällets transportsystem kostar. Detsamma gäller den engångs ”klimatskuld” som uppkommer vid de flesta satsningar för framtiden inom alla trafikslag. Nya transportslag i ett tidigt utvecklingsskede (elflyg, magnettåg, Hyperloop etc) är mycket osäkra beträffande när eller om de överhuvudtaget kommer att bli tillgängliga för användning i stor skala. I flera fall skulle krävas stora tekniska genombrott som vi idag inte känner till. Vi anser att man rimligen inte idag kan besluta att satsa på helt nya tekniska system för vilka framtiden är mycket osäker. Vi kan inte heller ”vänta och se”, eftersom ytterligare kapacitet behövs redan idag och ledtiderna är långa.Sammanfattningsvis är de nya stambanorna ett samhällsbyggnadsprojekt och en del i transportsektorns nödvändiga omställning. De ger korta restider och effektiva transporter mellan våra största städer, liksom till och från ett stort antal mellanliggande orter, med omnejd. Godstransporterna kan också få plats på spåren och de kan utvecklas och effektiviseras. Det handlar om hållbar mobilitet för människor och gods i framtiden.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical significance of stromal ER and PR expression in periampullary adenocarcinoma
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomarker research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7771. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Tamoxifen treatment has previously been reported to confer life-prolonging effects in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, and most evidently so in women. None of these trials did however include biomarkers, and the relevance of female hormone signaling in pancreatic or other periampullary adenocarcinoma remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the extent and potential clinical significance of estrogen receptor-α (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in pancreatic and other periampullary cancers. Methods: ER and PR expression was examined using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays with primary tumors from a retrospective consecutive cohort of 175 patients with resected periampullary adenocarcinoma, with long-term clinical follow-up. Non-parametric and Chi square tests were applied to examine the associations of stromal ER and PR expression with patient and tumor characteristics. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log rank test were applied to illustrate survival differences in relation to ER and PR expression. Cox regression proportional hazards models were applied to examine the associations between investigative factors and risk of death and recurrence, and to test for interactions between KRAS mutation status and hormone receptor expression in relation to survival. Results: Expression of both ER and PR was more frequent in the tumor-associated stroma than in the epithelium. A significant prognostic interaction, independent of tumor morphology, was found between stromal PR expression and KRAS mutation status in relation to both overall and recurrence-free survival (pinteraction = 0.026 and pinteraction = 0.005), in particular in women (pinteraction = 0.002 and pinteraction = 0.005). Specifically, stromal PR expression was associated with a prolonged survival in patients with KRAS-mutated tumors, whereas the opposite was seen for KRAS wild-type tumors. The prognostic value of ER positivity was limited to the subgroup of women with tumors of pancreatic origin. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that stromal PR rather than ER expression, together with KRAS mutation status, provides long-term prognostic information in patients with periampullary adenocarcinoma. Further study into the mechanistic basis for these observations may unveil important clues to the pathogenesis of these cancers and open up for the discovery of novel treatment options.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Hanna, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the Ability of Spectroscopic Methods to Determine the Difference in the Folding Propensities of Highly Similar beta-Hairpins
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acs Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2470-1343. ; 2:2, s. 508-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have evaluated the ability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies to describe the difference in the folding propensities of two structurally highly similar cyclic beta-hairpins, comparing the outcome to that of molecular dynamics simulations. NAMFIS-type NMR ensemble analysis and CD spectroscopy were observed to accurately describe the consequence of altering a single interaction site, whereas a single-site C-13 NMR chemical shift melting curve-based technique was not.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Structural Dynamics of Light-Driven Proton Pumps
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-2126 .- 1878-4186. ; 17:9, s. 1265-1275
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacteriorhodopsin and proteorhodopsin are simple heptahelical proton pumps containing a retinal chromophore covalently bound to helix G via a protonated Schiff base. Following the absorption of a photon, all-trans retinal is isomerized to a 13-cis conformation, initiating a sequence of conformational changes driving vectorial proton transport. In this study we apply time-resolved wide-angle X-ray scattering to visualize in real time the helical motions associated with proton pumping by bacteriorhodopsin and proteorhodopsin. Our results establish that three conformational states are required to describe their photocycles. Significant motions of the cytoplasmic half of helix F and the extracellular half of helix C are observed prior to the primary proton transfer event, which increase in amplitude following proton transfer. These results both simplify the structural description to emerge from intermediate trapping studies of bacteriorhodopsin and reveal shared dynamical principles for proton pumping.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Lymphocyte antigen 6 superfamily member D is a marker of urothelial and squamous differentiation : Implications for risk stratification of bladder cancer
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Biomarker research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7771. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Screening across a multitude of normal and malignant tissues revealed an enhanced expression of lymphocyte antigen 6 superfamily member D (LY6D) in squamous epithelium and urothelium, as well as in malignancies derived therefrom. The aim of this study was to further delineate the protein expression of LY6D in urothelial bladder cancer, with particular attention to its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcome. Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of LY6D was assessed in tissue microarrays with urothelial bladder cancer tumours from three independent patient cohorts; one with transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) specimens of mixed tumour stages from 110 consecutive cases, one with tumours of mixed stages from 260 incident cases in a population-based cohort, and one with paired TURB specimens, resected tumours and a subset of lymph node metastases from 145 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Chi-square and non-parametric tests were applied to examine associations of LY6D expression with clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were applied to examine 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) in relation to LY6D expression. Results: In the two cohorts with mixed stages, positive LY6D expression was denoted in 63 and 64% of the cases, respectively, and found to be significantly higher in low-grade and less invasive tumours. Negative LY6D expression was significantly associated with a reduced 5-year OS, although not independently of established prognostic factors. In the population-based cohort, LY6D expression was higher in tumours with squamous differentiation and lower in other variant histologies compared to pure urothelial tumours, and the association of LY6D expression with survival was somewhat enhanced after exclusion of the former. LY6D expression was generally lower in the MIBC cohort, and even more reduced in resected tumours compared to TURB specimens in patients who had not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There were no significant associations between LY6D expression and RFS, neither allover nor in relation to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: LY6D is a marker of urothelial and squamous differentiation that may add useful diagnostic and prognostic information to better guide the clinical management of bladder cancer, given that the presence of variant histology is taken into account.
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| 31. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Persuasion in experimental ultimatum games
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Economics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 108:1, s. 16-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study persuasion effects in experimental ultimatum games and find that Proposers' payoffs significantly increase if, along with offers, they can send messages which Responders read before deciding. Higher payoffs are driven by both lower offers and higher acceptance rates.
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| 32. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
EndoVAC hybrid therapy for salvage of patients with infected femoral artery reconstructions
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy. - : Termedia Sp. z.o.o.. - 1642-5758. ; 51:2, s. 112-120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: EndoVAC hybrid therapy for infected femoral artery reconstructions consists of endovascular relining with a stent graft, surgical debridement and vacuum-assisted wound closure (VAC), and may be considered as a bailout procedure. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in risk factors of patients receiving EndoVAC compared to standard VAC therapy for perivascular infected femoral artery reconstructions, and to describe the technique, complications and outcome of EndoVAC therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 183 patients receiving VAC or EndoVAC therapy for perivascular infections in the groin from January 2004 to December 2017 was performed. Failure of wound treatment was defined as a wound not healed within four months, visible graft material or native artery after one month, bleeding from the wound leading to discontinuation of treatment, death or amputation due to groin infection. RESULTS: The EndoVAC patients (n = 13) more often had ischemic heart disease (P = 0.008), more late wound infections after index operation (P < 0.001), had more often undergone previous ipsilateral groin incisions (P = 0.006) and presented more often with hemorrhage/femoral pseudoaneurysm (P < 0.001), compared to the standard VAC patients (n = 170). Major complications after EndoVAC therapy were stent graft occlusion (n = 3), major hemorrhage from the repaired reconstruction (n = 2), major amputation within six months (n = 4) and death due to infected reconstruction (n = 2). Ten (77%) groins healed, eight without major complications. CONCLUSION: EndoVAC therapy appears to be a life-saving minimally invasive treatment option in surgical high-risk patients with infected femoral artery reconstruction and disrupted vascular anastomosis.
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| 33. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Establishing epistemic practices in students’ formulation of scientifically researchable questions in upper secondary science education
- 2019
-
Ingår i: NOFA7 ABSTRACTS Stockholm University, 13 - 15 May 2019. ; , s. 24-24
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of students' capability to engage in scientific inquiry is part of the science curricula across the educational system. However, previous research shows that laboratory and practical work in science education do not necessarily develop the capability to engage in scientific inquiry or contribute to developing an understanding of the nature of inquiry. The purpose of this study is to explore how teaching activities can be designed with a specific focus to develop students' capability to formulate questions for scientific inquiry. Some science education research points to that in order for students to develop an understanding of the nature of science inquiry, teaching has to include activities explicitly focusing aspects of inquiry such as asking questions, observing and making inferences. In this study we draw on the theoretical framework of epistemic practices to analyse and design teaching with the purpose of developing students' capabilities to formulate questions for scientific inquiry. Epistemic practices refer to the ways people in a specific community propose, justify, evaluate and legitimize knowledge claims within a disciplinary framework. From this perspective, formulating scientifically researchable questions makes sense only as part of epistemic practice in relation to a motive of knowledge production. The research question is: How can epistemic practices be established in upper-secondary school science where students are invited to participate in activities of formulating researchable questions?The study was carried out as a design-based research collaboration with a research team consisting of nine science teachers and four science education researchers. Data was collected in three cycles of design, intervention and analysis of research lessons with six classes in three different upper-secondary schools. The data consists of video-recordings of student interaction while engaging in tasks of formulating researchable scientific questions. The data is analysed using the didactical model of organizing purposes; distinguishing between overarching purposes and the student-orientated purposes emerging in interaction. The results indicate that the development of students’ capabilities to formulate researchable questions is situated in the processes of interaction with peers, and the conditions for situating the formulation of questions in a practice characterised by closeness to an epistemic object and gathering of observational data. Based on the results, we argue for a shift in science education from focusing students’ views of a generic nature of science or nature of science inquiry to focussing student participation in epistemic practices of various kinds.
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| 34. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Exchange coupling and magnetoresistance in CoFe/NiCu/CoFe spin valves near the Curie point of the spacer
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 107:9, s. 09D711-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal control of exchange coupling between two strongly ferromagnetic layers through a weakly ferromagnetic Ni-Cu spacer and the associated magnetoresistance is investigated. The spacer, having a Curie point slightly above room temperature, can be cycled between its paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states by varying the temperature externally or using joule heating. It is shown that the giant magnetoresistance vanishes due to a strong reduction in the mean free path in the spacer at above similar to 30% Ni concentration-before the onset of ferromagnetism. Finally, a device is proposed which combines thermally controlled exchange coupling and large magnetoresistance by separating the switching and the readout elements.
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| 35. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Meaningful Learning in Inquiry with a High Degree of Freedom – a Case Study when Year 9 Secondary School Students Explore Sound and Light
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how students in year nine make their way through an open inquiry project on sound and light extending over eight weeks. The research question concerns the role that understanding the nature of scientific inquiry may have for students’ experiences of inquiry and meaningful learning within these. The work of five student groups were followed and documented with observations, sound recordings, group interviews and students´ written reports. The students’ sense of ownership of their unique projects encouraged them to spontaneously share their different investigations with each other, even outside of class and in some cases stimulated a desire to broaden investigations beyond their original frames. Students’ interest in their work was observed to move through peaks and valleys following the idiosyncratic development of each project. The resistance that scientific inquiry with a higher degree of freedom naturally tends to lead to played an important role both to stimulate interest, and in some cases bring it to a halt. It is suggested that meaningful learning in science can be developed through meeting and overcoming the resistance and problematic nature of open inquiry. Understanding the iterative and nonlinear nature of scientific inquiry may therefore help students and teachers to orient themselves in the processes of inquiry, overcome resistance and develop more flexible and deeper learning strategies. The results also emphasise the situational and dynamic nature of interest and meaningfulness and to question more static methods to study these constructs.
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| 36. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Outcome and Complications Using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in the Groin for Perivascular Surgical Site Infections after Vascular Surgery
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Annals of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-5096. ; 48, s. 104-110
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to investigate graft preservation, major bleeding, and reinfection rate using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for perivascular surgical site infections (SSIs) in the groin after vascular surgery and factors associated with failure of treatment. Methods: Retrospective data were collected during 2004-2015. Failure of wound treatment was defined as a wound not healed within 4 months, visible graft material or native artery after 1 month, bleeding from the wound leading to discontinuation of treatment, or death or amputation due to the groin infection. Results: The median age of the 161 patients was 71 years; 63% were men. The rate of graft preservation rate was 81%; 64% for synthetic grafts. Major bleeding during NPWT occurred in 7.1% and local reinfection in 6.4%. Synthetic graft infection (odds ratio [OR] = 6.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.6-14.4) and bleeding/pseudoaneurysm as presenting symptom (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.0-8.2) were independently associated with increased failure rate of treatment. Conclusions: NPWT is a good option for perivascular SSI in the groin after vascular surgery. Patients with a synthetic graft infection and/or presenting with pseudoaneurysm or bleeding may be considered for an adjunctive or alternative treatment option.
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| 37. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, 1981-
(författare)
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Spin-diode effect and thermally controlled switching in magnetic spin-valves
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis demonstrates two new device concepts that are based on the tunneling and giant magnetoresistance effects. The first is a semiconductor-free asymmetric magnetic double tunnel junction that is shown to work as a diode, while at the same time exhibiting a record high magnetoresistance. It is experimentally verified that a diode effect, with a rectification ratio of at least 100, can be obtained in this type of system, and that a negative magnetoresistance of nearly 4000% can be measured at low temperature. The large magnetoresistance is attributed to spin resonant tunneling, where the parallel and antiparallel orientation of the magnetic moments shifts the energy levels in the middle electrode, thereby changing their alignment with the conduction band in the outer electrodes. This resonant tunneling can be useful when scaling down magnetic random access memory; eliminating the need to use external diodes or transistors in series with each bit. The second device concept is a thermally controlled spin-switch; a novel way to control the free-layer switching and magnetoresistance in spin-valves. By exchange coupling two ferromagnetic films through a weakly ferromagnetic Ni-Cu alloy, the coupling is controlled by changes in temperature. At room temperature, the alloy is weakly ferromagnetic and the two films are exchange coupled through the alloy. At a temperature higher than the Curie point, the alloy is paramagnetic and the two strongly ferromagnetic films decouple. Using this technique, the read out signal from a giant magnetoresistance element is controlled using both external heating and internal Joule heating. No degradation of device performance upon thermal cycling is observed. The change in temperature for a full free-layer reversal is shown to be 35 degrees Celsius for the present Ni-Cu alloy. It is predicted that this type of switching theoretically can lead to high frequency oscillations in current, voltage, and temperature, where the frequency is controlled by an external inductor or capacitor. This can prove to be useful for applications such as voltage controlled oscillators in, for example, frequency synthesizers and function generators. Several ways to optimize the thermally controlled spin switch are discussed and conceptually demonstrated with experiments.
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| 38. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Students’ capabilities to formulate scientifically researchable questions in upper secondary science education
- 2019
-
Ingår i: NOFA7 ABSTRACTS Stockholm University, 13 - 15 May 2019. ; , s. 25-25
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A goal for science education is to develop student capabilities to participate in scientific inquiry. This includes various aspects of inquiry; formulating scientifically researchable questions as well as planning, performing, analyzing and presenting science investigations. In science education practices, there is a tradition of using practical or laboratory work to illustrate science concepts; focussing correct answers and reproduction of ready-made scientific knowledge, rather than engaging students in inquiry. Previous research shows that inquiry teaching predominantly engage students in investigating science questions as formulated beforehand by the teacher or a textbook. Little attention has been paid to what might characterize the capability of formulating scientifically researchable questions in school. In this study we draw on a theoretical framework of epistemic practices. Epistemic practices refer to the ways people in a specific community propose, justify, evaluate and legitimize knowledge claims within a disciplinary framework. From this perspective, formulating and developing scientifically researchable questions makes sense only in relation to a motive of knowledge production. The aim of this study is to explore what might characterize students’ capabilities to formulate and develop scientifically researchable questions in upper secondary science education.The collected data consists of video-recordings of student interaction in group-work focussing formulating and developing scientifically researchable questions. Data was collected as part of a design-based study with six classes in three different schools. The video-recordings were transcribed in verbatim and analysed by the means of qualitative content analysis. The preliminary results suggest three themes: Formulation of scientifically researchable questions as:1) Working with the specification of the epistemic object. The theme illustrates how the students elaborated on the meaning of related scientific concepts and discussed cause and effect. 2) Specifying researchability by focussing on how to operationalize the epistemic object. The theme illustrates how the students reformulate their questions as part of a process of discussing e.g. measurability and variables.3) Making value-judgements of epistemic objects. The theme illustrates how the students distinguish between scientific and non-scientific questions and make value-judgements about relevance. The results contribute to an understanding of what the capability to engage in scientific inquiry as participation in collective epistemic work in an upper-secondary school science classroom might entail. The themes are related to the establishing of a specific scientific epistemic object. The results are discussed in relation to previous research in science education and the development of resources for teaching inquiry framing capabilities of inquiry as generic.
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| 39. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
The importance of the financial system for the real economy
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyses the importance of the nancial system for the real economy using a Bayesian VAR model for the macro economy, completed with financial variables, with priors on the steady states. The results suggest that i) a substantial part of the forecast error variance of GDPgrowth is attributed to shocks to the financial variables, indicating the importance of the financial system. ii) The suggested model produces an earlier and stronger signal regarding the probability of recession, compared to a model without financial variables. iii) Finally, and most striking, the augmented model's forecasts for 2008 and 2009, conditional on the development of the financial variables, clearly outperforms the macro model. Furthermore, this drastic improvement in modelling GDP during the crisis does not come at the expense of predictive power. In this respect, the augmented model performs as well as the standard macro model. Taken together, the results thus suggest that the proposed model presents an accessible possibility to analyse the macro-financial linkages and the GDP developments during a financial crisis.
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| 40. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Thermoelectrically Controlled Spin-Switch
- 2010
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on magnetics. - 0018-9464 .- 1941-0069. ; 46:6, s. 2140-2143
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The search for novel spintronic devices brings about new ways to control switching in magnetic thin-films. In this work we experimentally demonstrate a device based on thermoelectrically controlled exchange coupling. The read out signal from a giant magnetoresistance element is controlled by exchange coupling through a weakly ferromagnetic Ni-Cu alloy. This exchange coupling is shown to vary strongly with changes in temperature, and both internal Joule heating and external heating is used to demonstrate magnetic switching. The device shows no degradation upon thermal cycling. Ways to further optimize the device performance are discussed. Our experimental results show a new way to thermoelectrically control magnetic switching in multilayers.
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| 41. |
- Andersson, Thorvald, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Macroscopic defects in GaN/AlN multiple quantum well structures grown by MBE on GaN templates
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Microelectronics Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-2692. ; 40:2, s. 360-362
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used MBE to grow in AlN/GaN superlattices, with different number of periods, on 2.5-mu m-thick MOVPE-GaN templates to study the development of defects such as surface deformation due to strain. After growth the samples were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XRD and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The strain increased with the number of quantum wells (QWs) and eventually caused defects such as microcracks visible by optical microscopy at four or more QW periods. High-resolution TEM images showed shallow recessions on the surface (surface deformation) indicating formation of microcracks in the MQW region. The measured intersubband (IS) absorption linewidth from a four period structure was 97 meV, which is comparable with the spectrum from a 10 period structure at an absorption energy of similar to 700 meV. This indicates that the interface quality of the MQW is not substantially affected by the presence of cracks.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Andersson-Wenckert, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Anevac-D, a new system for close scavenging of anesthetic gases in dental practice
- 1989
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research. - 0029-845X. ; 97:5, s. 456-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anevac-D, a new system for close scavenging of anesthetic gases in dental practice is described. It consists of a rubber nose mask surrounded by an outer rigid shell and a chin scavenger. A vacuum in the slot between the nose masks provides scavenging of gases escaping from the inner mask. Gases escaping from the mouth are evacuated mainly by the skin scavenger. The efficiency of this system was assessed in healthy volunteers using argon as a tracer gas. Mass spectrometry was used for measurement of inspired, expired, and scavenged gas concentrations. The scavenging efficiency of the complete system was around 80% and was not affected by poor patient cooperation. It decreased to about 65% when the chin scavenger was removed. The dentist's exposure was measured by sampling of argon in the breathing zone by a Saran system. The average 4-min exposure varied between 90 and 250 ppm depending on system configuration and patient cooperation. Patient acceptance and clinical applicability were judged good. It is concluded that the Anevac-D system provides excellent scavenging properties and exposure levels well within the official recommendations by the Swedish Board of Occupational Safety and Health.
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| 44. |
- Andrikopoulos, Petros, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of a causal and modifiable relationship between kidney function and circulating trimethylamine N-oxide
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The host-microbiota co-metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is linked to increased cardiovascular risk but how its circulating levels are regulated remains unclear. We applied "explainable" machine learning, univariate, multivariate and mediation analyses of fasting plasma TMAO concentration and a multitude of phenotypes in 1,741 adult Europeans of the MetaCardis study. Here we show that next to age, kidney function is the primary variable predicting circulating TMAO, with microbiota composition and diet playing minor, albeit significant, roles. Mediation analysis suggests a causal relationship between TMAO and kidney function that we corroborate in preclinical models where TMAO exposure increases kidney scarring. Consistent with our findings, patients receiving glucose-lowering drugs with reno-protective properties have significantly lower circulating TMAO when compared to propensity-score matched control individuals. Our analyses uncover a bidirectional relationship between kidney function and TMAO that can potentially be modified by reno-protective anti-diabetic drugs and suggest a clinically actionable intervention for decreasing TMAO-associated excess cardiovascular risk.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Balkashin, O. P., et al.
(författare)
-
Spin-valve effects in point contacts to exchange biased Co40Fe40B20 films
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Low temperature physics (Woodbury, N.Y., Print). - : AIP Publishing. - 1063-777X .- 1090-6517. ; 40:10, s. 915-918
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonlinear current-voltage characteristics and magnetoresistance of point contacts between a normal metal (N) and films of amorphous ferromagnet (F) Co40Fe40B20 of different thickness, exchange-biased by antiferromagnetic Mn80Ir20 are studied. A surface spin valve effect in the conductance of such F-N contacts is observed. The effect of exchange bias is found to be inversely proportional to the Co40Fe40B20 film thickness. This behavior as well as other magneto-transport effects we observe on single exchange-pinned ferromagnetic films are similar in nature to those found in conventional three-layer spin-valves.
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| 47. |
- Beausoleil, Claire, et al.
(författare)
-
Weight of evidence evaluation of the metabolism disrupting effects of triphenyl phosphate using an expert knowledge elicitation approach
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0041-008X .- 1096-0333. ; 489
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in a regulatory context requires a high level of evidence. However, lines of evidence (e.g. human, in vivo, in vitro or in silico) are heterogeneous and incomplete for quantifying evidence of the adverse effects and mechanisms involved. To date, for the regulatory appraisal of metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs), no harmonised guidance to assess the weight of evidence has been developed at the EU or international level. To explore how to develop this, we applied a formal Expert Knowledge Elicitation (EKE) approach within the European GOLIATH project. EKE captures expert judgment in a quantitative manner and provides an estimate of uncertainty of the final opinion. As a proof of principle, we selected one suspected MDC -triphenyl phosphate (TPP) - based on its related adverse endpoints (obesity/adipogenicity) relevant to metabolic disruption and a putative Molecular Initiating Event (MIE): activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). We conducted a systematic literature review and assessed the quality of the lines of evidence with two independent groups of experts within GOLIATH, with the objective of categorising the metabolic disruption properties of TPP, by applying an EKE approach. Having followed the entire process separately, both groups arrived at the same conclusion, designating TPP as a “suspected MDC” with an overall quantitative agreement exceeding 85%, indicating robust reproducibility. The EKE method provides to be an important way to bring together scientists with diverse expertise and is recommended for future work in this area.
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| 48. |
- Björklund, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Stratum corneum molecular mobility in the presence of natural moisturizers.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-6848 .- 1744-683X. ; 10:25, s. 4535-4546
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), is a lipid-protein membrane that experiences considerable osmotic stress from a dry and cold climate. The natural moisturizing factor (NMF) comprises small and polar substances, which like osmolytes can protect living systems from osmotic stress. NMF is commonly claimed to increase the water content in the SC and thereby protect the skin from dryness. In this work we challenge this proposed mechanism, and explore the influence of NMF on the lipid and protein components in the SC. We employ natural-abundance (13)C solid-state NMR methods to investigate how the SC molecular components are influenced by urea, glycerol, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), and urocanic acid (UCA), all of which are naturally present in the SC as NMF compounds. Experiments are performed with intact SC, isolated corneocytes and model lipids. The combination of NMR experiments provides molecularly resolved qualitative information on the dynamics of different SC lipid and protein components. We obtain completely novel molecular information on the interaction of these NMF compounds with the SC lipids and proteins. We show that urea and glycerol, which are also common ingredients in skin care products, increase the molecular mobility of both SC lipids and proteins at moderate relative humidity where the SC components are considerably more rigid in the absence of these compounds. This effect cannot be attributed to increased SC water content. PCA has no detectable effect on SC molecular mobility under the conditions investigated. It is finally shown that the more apolar compound, UCA, specifically influences the mobility of the SC lipid regions. The present results show that the NMF components act to retain the fluidity of the SC molecular components under dehydrating conditions in such a way that the SC properties remain largely unchanged as compared to more hydrated SC. These findings provide a new molecular insight into how small polar molecules in NMF and skin care products act to protect the human skin from drying.
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| 49. |
- Blaudeck, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Simplified Large-Area Manufacturing of Organic Electrochemical Transistors Combining Printing and a Self-Aligning Laser Ablation Step
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag Berlin. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 22:14, s. 2939-2948
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hybrid manufacturing approach for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) on flexible substrates is reported. The technology is based on conventional and digital printing (screen and inkjet printing), laser processing, and post-press technologies. A careful selection of the conductive, dielectric, and semiconductor materials with respect to their optical properties enables a self-aligning pattern formation which results in a significant reduction of the usual registration problems during manufacturing. For the prototype OECTs, based on this technology, on/off ratios up to 600 and switching times of 100 milliseconds at gate voltages in the range of 1 V were obtained.
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| 50. |
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