| 1. |
- Nilsson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between Ljungan virus antibodies, HLA-DQ8, and insulin autoantibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children
- 2013
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Ingår i: Viral immunology. - : Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.. - 0882-8245 .- 1557-8976. ; 26:3, s. 207-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental factors, including viral infections, may explain an increasing and fluctuating incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ljungan virus (LV) isolated from bank voles have been implicated, but it is unclear whether LV contributes to islet autoimmunity, progression to clinical onset, or both, of T1D. The aim was to test whether LV antibodies (LVAb) were related to HLA-DQ and islet autoantibodies in newly diagnosed T1D patients (n = 676) and controls (n = 309). Patients, 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with T1D in 1996-2005 were analyzed for LVAb, HLA-DQ genotypes, and all seven known islet autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, and ZnT8QA). LVAb at 75th percentile, defined as cut off, was 90 (range 6-3936) U/mL and 4th quartile LVAb were found in 25% (170/676) of which 64% were < 10 (n = 108, p < 0.0001), and 27% were < 5 (n = 45; p < 0.0001) years old. The 4th quartile LVAb in children < 10 years of age correlated to HLA DQ2/8, 8/8, and 8/X (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, in the group with 4th quartile LVAb, 55% were IAA positive (p = 0.01) and correlation was found between 4th quartile LVAb and IAA in children < 10 years of age (p = 0.035). It is concluded that 1) LVAb were common among the young T1D patients and LVAb levels were higher in the younger age groups; 2) 4th quartile LVAb correlated with IAA; and 3) there was a correlation between 4th quartile LVAb and HLA-DQ8, particularly in the young patients. The presence of LVAb supports the notion that prior exposure to LV may be associated with T1D.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(författare)
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The three ZNT8 autoantibody variants together improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Autoimmunity. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 44:5, s. 394-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: We tested whether autoantibodies to all three ZnT8RWQ variants, GAD65, insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), insulin and autoantibodies to islet cell cytoplasm (ICA) in combination with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) would improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood type 1 diabetes by detecting the children who otherwise would have been autoantibody-negative.Methods: A total of 686 patients diagnosed in 1996–2005 in Skåne were analyzed for all the seven autoantibodies [arginin 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8RA), tryptophan 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8WA), glutamine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8QA), autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), Autoantibodies to islet-antigen-2 (IA-2A), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and ICA] in addition to HLA-DQ genotypes.Results: Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody to either one or all three amino acid variants at position 325 (ZnT8RWQA) was found in 65% (449/686) of the patients. The frequency was independent of age at diagnosis. The ZnT8RWQA reduced the frequency of autoantibody-negative patients from 7.5 to 5.4%—a reduction by 28%. Only 2 of 108 (2%) patients who are below 5 years of age had no autoantibody at diagnosis. Diagnosis without any islet autoantibody increased with increasing age at onset. DQA1-B1*X-0604 was associated with both ZnT8RA (p = 0.002) and ZnT8WA (p = 0.01) but not with ZnT8QA (p = 0.07). Kappa agreement analysis showed moderate (>0.40) to fair (>0.20) agreement between pairs of autoantibodies for all combinations of GADA, IA-2A, ZnT8RWQA and ICA but only slight ( < 0.19) agreement for any combination with IAA.Conclusions: This study revealed that (1) the ZnT8RWQA was common, independent of age; (2) multiple autoantibodies were common among the young; (3) DQA1-B1*X-0604 increased the risk for ZnT8RA and ZnT8WA; (4) agreement between autoantibody pairs was common for all combinations except IAA. These results suggest that ZnT8RWQA is a necessary complement to the classification and prediction of childhood type 1 diabetes as well as to randomize the subjects in the prevention and intervention of clinical trials.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Sara-Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles as Regulating Power Providers - Case Studies of Sweden and Germany
- 2010
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 38:6, s. 2751-2762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as providers of regulating power in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary frequency control. Previous studies have shown that PHEVs could generate substantial profits while providing ancillary services. This study investigates under what conditions PHEVs can generate revenues using actual market data, i.e. prices and activations of regulating power, from Sweden and Germany from four months in 2008. PHEV market participation is modelled for individual vehicles in a fleet subject to a simulated movement pattern. Costs for infrastructure and vehicle-to-grid equipment are not included in the analysis. The simulation results indicate that maximum average profits generated on the German markets are in the range 30–80 h per vehicle and month whereas the Swedish regulating power markets give no profit.In addition, an analysis is performed to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of PHEVs as regulating power providers. Based on the simulation results and the SWOT analysis, characteristics for an ideal regulating power market for PHEVs are presented.
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| 5. |
- Kanatsuna, N, et al.
(författare)
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Doubly reactive INS-IGF2 autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) diabetes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 82:4, s. 361-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The splice variant INS-IGF2 entails the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, eight amino acids of the C-peptide and 138 unique amino acids from an ORF in the IGF2 gene. The aim of this study was to determine whether levels of specific INS-IGF2 autoantibodies (INS-IGF2A) were related to age at diagnosis, islet autoantibodies, HLA-DQ or both, in patients and controls with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Patients (n = 676), 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1996-2005 and controls (n = 363) were analysed for specific INS-IGF2A after displacement with both cold insulin and INS-IGF2 to correct for non-specific binding and identify double reactive sera. GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, ZnT8QA and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. The median level of specific INS-IGF2A was higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Irrespective of age at diagnosis, 19% (126/676) of the patients had INS-IGF2A when the cut-off was the 95th percentile of the controls (P < 0.001). The risk of INS-IGF2A was increased among HLA-DQ2/8 (OR = 1.509; 95th CI 1.011, 2.252; P = 0.045) but not in 2/2, 2/X, 8/8, 8/X or X/X (X is neither 2 nor 8) patients. The association with HLA-DQ2/8 suggests that this autoantigen may be presented on HLA-DQ trans-heterodimers, rather than cis-heterodimers. Autoantibodies reactive with both insulin and INS-IGF2A at diagnosis support the notion that INS-IGF2 autoimmunity contributes to type 1 diabetes.
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| 6. |
- Abrahamssom, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Onlay bone grafting of the mandible after periosteal expansion with an osmotic tissue expander : an experimental study in rabbits
- 2010
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 21:12, s. 1404-1410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the space-maintaining capacity of a titanium mesh or a bioresorbable mesh after periosteal expansion and to assess bone formation under a titanium mesh or a bioresorbable mesh on the lateral border of the mandible by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis. Material and methods: In 13 rabbits, a self-inflatable soft tissue expander was placed intraorally, bilaterally under the mandibular periosteum via an extra oral approach. After 2 weeks, the expanders were removed and a particulated onlay bone graft was placed and covered by a titanium mesh or a bioresorbable mesh. After 3 months, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were collected for histology. Results: The osmotic soft tissue expander created a subperiosteal pocket and a ridge of new bone had formed at the edges of the expanded periosteum in all sites. After the healing period of 3 months, soft tissue dehiscence was recorded in two of the sites with bioresorbable meshes. The mean bone fill was 65% under the titanium mesh and 85% under the bioresorbable mesh (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the titanium mesh and the bioresorbable mesh regarding the height of the meshes, mesh area and mineralized bone area. Scanning electron microscopy shows that new bone is growing in direct contact with the resorbable mesh and the titanium mesh. Conclusion: This study confirms that an osmotic soft tissue expander creates a surplus of periosteum and soft tissue and that new bone can be generated under a titanium mesh or bioresorbable mesh.
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| 7. |
- Abrahamsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Guided bone generation in a rabbit mandible model after periosteal expansion with an osmotic tissue expander.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 22:11, s. 1282-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the space-maintaining capacity of titanium mesh covered by a collagen membrane after soft tissue expansion on the lateral border of the mandible in rabbits, and to assess bone quantity and quality using autogenous particulate bone or bone-substitute (Bio-Oss(®) ), and if soft tissue ingrowth can be avoided by covering the mesh with a collagen membrane.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 11 rabbits, a self-inflatable soft tissue expander was placed under the lateral mandibular periosteum via an extra-oral approach. After 2 weeks, the expanders were removed and a particulated onlay bone graft and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) (Bio-Oss(®) ) were placed in the expanded area and covered by a titanium mesh. The bone and DBBM were separated in two compartments under the mesh with a collagen membrane in between. The mesh was then covered with a collagen membrane. After 3 months, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were collected for histology.RESULTS: The osmotic soft tissue expander created a subperiosteal pocket and a ridge of new bone formed at the edges of the expanded periosteum in all sites. After the healing period of 3 months, no soft tissue dehiscence was recorded. The mean bone fill was 58.1±18% in the bone grafted area and 56.9±13.7% in the DBBM area. There was no significant difference between the autologous bone graft and the DDBM under the titanium mesh with regard to the total bone area or the mineralized bone area. Scanning electron microscopy showed that new bone was growing in direct contact with the DBBM particles and the titanium mesh. There is a soft tissue ingrowth even after soft tissue expansion and protection of the titanium mesh with a collagen membrane.CONCLUSION: This study confirms that an osmotic soft tissue expander creates a surplus of periosteum and soft tissue, and that new bone can subsequently be generated under a titanium mesh with the use of an autologous bone graft or DBBM.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Abrahamsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Periosteal expansion of rabbit mandible with an osmotic self-inflatable expander
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-4311 .- 1651-2073. ; 43:3, s. 121-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to evaluate a new technique for intraoral expansion of soft tissue with a self-inflatable expander in rabbits. We placed a self-inflatable soft tissue expander bilaterally in eight rabbits under the periosteum of the mandible through an extraoral approach. The expander was left to self-inflate for two weeks, after which the animals were killed and specimens collected for histological examination. The self-inflatable soft tissue expanders expanded the periosteum. There were no dehiscences or infections. Histological observations showed no signs of any inflammatory reaction and there was no evidence of bony resorption. New bone had formed at the edges of the expanded periosteum. In the control area no new bone had formed. The osmotic soft tissue expander model for intraoral soft tissue and periosteal expansion suggests a promising way of creating a surplus of soft tissue that can be used to cover bone grafts.
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| 10. |
- Ahlgren, Erik, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Biokombi Rya - slutrapporter från ingående delprojekt
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom projektet Biokombi Rya har ett flertal olika forskargrupper samarbetat för att studera system¬effekterna av förgasning av biobränsle ur olika aspekter. Syftet med projektet är att öka kunskapen om biobränsleförgasning i Sverige samt att utreda förutsättningar för att sådana anläggningar ska vara ekonomiskt och miljömässigt intressanta. En referensgrupp har varit kopplad till projektet där förutsättningar, resultat och slutsatser har behandlats.I denna underlagsrapport har slutrapporterna från projektets delprojekt samlats. De beskriver förutsättningar, metodansatser, använda data och resultat utförligt och utgör på så sätt ett viktigt komplement till den mer övergripande beskrivningen i projektets syntesrapport. De delrapporter som ingår har valts för att täcka in samtliga delar av projektet som är av allmänt intresse. Projektresultat som publicerats på annat sätt berörs dock mer kortfattat.Projektet Biokombi Rya har pågått under två år (2005-2006) och drivits av Chalmers EnergiCentrum. Förutom de omfattande analysinsatser som författarna till denna rapport står för, har Avdelningen för kemisk teknologi vid KTH, Siemens Industrial Turbines AB och Göteborg Energi AB bidragit med expertstöd. CIT Industriell Energianalys, med undertecknad som projektledare, har stått för projektledning och koordination.Projektet har finansierats av Energimyndigheten, Göteborg Energis forsknings¬stiftelse samt Göteborg Energi AB.
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| 11. |
- Alfven, Gösta, et al.
(författare)
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Review of childhood pain highlights the role of negative stress.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:12, s. 2148-2156
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Recurrent pain of unknown origin is a major problem in children. The aim of the present review was to examine the hypothesis of negative stress as an aetiology of recurrent pain from different aspects.METHODS AND RESULTS: Epidemiological studies, clinical experience and hormonal data give support for such a hypothesis. Negative stress as a tentative aetiology for recurrent pain is reviewed. Stress, muscular tension, the startle reaction and its tentative relation to pain is illuminated. Deviations of hormonal secretion supporting a stress aetiology is mentioned. The role of central sensitization for recurrent pain is discussed. Possible aetiological implications of recurrent pain as a local symptom or a general disorder are presented. Brain changes due to stress is shortly reviewed. Stress and pain in the clinic are highlighted. The importance of biological, psychological and social factors, as well as genetic elements, are-Ddiscussed.CONCLUSION: Stress elicits neurobiological mechanisms. They may lead to many neurophysiological deviances. Increase of muscle tension and neuromuscular excitability and enhanced startle reaction may be of importance for recurring pain. The identification of stress as a primary cause of recurrent pain can have huge implications for understanding signs and treatment in clinical practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Anastasia, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring genetic diversity with new indicators applied to an alpine freshwater top predator
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 31:24, s. 6422-6439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic diversity is the basis for population adaptation and long-term survival, yet rarely considered in biodiversity monitoring. One key issue is the need for useful and straightforward indicators of genetic diversity. We monitored genetic diversity over 40 years (1970–2010) in metapopulations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) inhabiting 27 small mountain lakes representing 10 lake systems in central Sweden using >1200 fish per time point. We tested six newly proposed indicators; three were designed for broad, international use in the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and are currently applied in several countries. The other three were recently elaborated for national use by a Swedish science-management effort and applied for the first time here. The Swedish indicators use molecular genetic data to monitor genetic diversity within and between populations (indicators ΔH and ΔFST, respectively) and assess the effective population size (Ne-indicator). We identified 29 genetically distinct populations, all retained over time. Twelve of the 27 lakes harboured more than one population indicating that brown trout biodiversity hidden as cryptic, sympatric populations are more common than recognized. The Ne indicator showed values below the threshold (Ne ≤ 500) in 20 populations with five showing Ne < 100. Statistically significant genetic diversity reductions occurred in several populations. Metapopulation structure appears to buffer against diversity loss; applying the indicators to metapopulations suggest mostly acceptable rates of change in all but one system. The CBD indicators agreed with the Swedish ones but provided less detail. All these indicators are appropriate for managers to initiate monitoring of genetic biodiversity.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Björn A., 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Materials constraints in a global energy scenario based on thin-film solar cells
- 1998
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Ingår i: Energy. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 23, s. 407-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Harnessing solar energy by using photovoltaic cells has the potential to become a major CO2-free energy source. Materials requirements for the solar cells based on four types of thin-film photovoltaics have been estimated and compared with global reserves, resources and annual refining. The use of solar cells based on Cd, Ga, Ge, In, Ru, Se and Te as a major energy-supply technology has severe resource constraints. Other systems such as a-Si without Ge and crystalline silicon do not involve such constraints. For some of these metals, there is the risk of enhanced, environmentally deleterious concentrations in the ecosphere due to leakage from manufacturing, use or waste handling.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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AIDAH - Editors' Post Scriptum
- 2021
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Ingår i: Architecture for Residential Care and Ageing Communities. - New York : Routledge. - 9780367358716
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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AIDAH-Editors post scriptum
- 2020
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Ingår i: Architecture for Residential Care and Ageing Communities: Spaces for Dwelling and Healthcare. - New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. : Routledge. - 9781000202236 ; , s. 279-281
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The AIDAH research project has been built upon the basic assumption that, confronted with the major challenges that societies face in terms of housing needs, an ageing population and radically changing healthcare conditions, architectural interventions must be inventive, audacious and explorative in their approaches. At the foreground of our work has therefore been the notion of a health promoting architecture. Today's solutions must incorporate and enable the potential opportunities and the still unknown needs and desires of tomorrow. For one thing, this is reflected in today’s comprehensive requirements for social sustainability; the built environment should last for a long time and serve a vast variety of needs, securing longevity and persistence. AIDAH has worked a lot on the foundation of the evidence-based knowledge that has developed during the last decades, concerning architecture's potential for health promotion, wellbeing and stress reduction.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Social sustainability in residential solutions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Paper proceedings, Sustainable Housing 2016, Porto, Portugal. - 9789898734204
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently there is a mounting demand on housing providers to contribute to sustainability in residential situations and to deliver practical demonstrations and experiments in this field. One such example in Sweden has been initiated as a research based project development process by a cooperative housing association in Göteborg, Riksbyggen EF, also a major actor on national level. During a period of three years a transdisciplinary collaboration, involving Chalmers Architecture and the University of Gothenburg, a building project comprising more than a hundred flats has been defined and is now going to be built starting November 2016 at Chalmers University campus site. The collaborative project, the so called Positive Footprint Housing claims a future realization of a number of radical implementations in a design strategy of significantly raised residential resilience implemented in Brf Viva, as the name given. Examples range from a wide variety of components like sharing of electric car pool, limited parking lots, extensive application of rooftop pv-cells and electric production to the introduction of low cost starter flats for young residents and structural flexibility of apartments in addition to extensive common facilities like a winter garden for parties, meetings and plant cultivation. Efforts to create social sustainable solutions have been both procedural and substantial in character. This paper will take a critical stance towards this endeavor building upon related conducted research with insights and observations of authors from participation within this pro- cess of research informed residential projective realization. The focus has been set on unfolded and identified crucial social aspects of sustainability and related architectural residential solutions in particular of long term alterability and flexibility. Our study shows the inherent vagueness of general sustainability formulations, especially concerning social sustainability, and the importance of doing research directly in the conflicting social fabric where sustainability goals are negotiated and given a concrete significance.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Social Sustainability in Residential Solutions – A Swedish Case.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts [Paper Presentation]', Sustainable Housing; Green Lines Institute; Porto. ; , s. 47-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently there is a mounting demand on housing providers to contribute to sustainability in residential situations and to deliver practical demonstrations and experiments in this field. One such example in Sweden has been initiated as a research based project develop-ment process by a cooperative housing association in Göteborg, Riksbyggen EF, and a major actor on national level. During a period of three years a transdisciplinary collaboration, involv¬ing Chalmers Architecture and the University of Gothenburg a building project comprising more than a hundred flats has been defined now to be built within a year at Chalmers campus site. The project, the so called Positive Footprint Housing claims a future realization of a num¬ber of radical implementation in a design strategy of significantly raised residential resilience of Brf Viva, as the name given. Examples range from a wide variety of components like sharing of elec¬tric car pool, limited parking lots, extensive application of roof pv-cells and electric produc¬tion to the introduction of low cost starter flats for young residents and structural flexibility of apartments with extensive common facilities like a winter garden for parties, meetings and cultiva¬tion. Efforts to create social sustainable solutions have been both procedural and substan¬tive in character. This paper will take a critical stance towards this endeavor building upon re¬lated conducted research with insights and observations of authors from participation within this pro¬cess of research informed residential projective realization. The focus has been set on un¬folded and identified crucial social aspects of sustainability and related architectural residential solutions of alterability and flexibility. Our study shows the inherent vagueness of general sustaina¬bility formulations, especially concerning social sustainability, and the importance of doing research directly in the conflicting social fabric where sustainability goals are negotiated and given a concrete significance.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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The Multipurpose Use of Social Sustainability - A Swedish Case; Brf Viva 2019
- 2020
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Ingår i: Architecture for Residential Care and Ageing Communities: Spaces for Dwelling and Healthcare. - New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. : Routledge. ; , s. 23-38
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Architecture for Residential Care and Ageing Communities confronts urgent architectural design challenges within residential innovation, ageing communities and healthcare environments. The increasing and diversified demands on the housing market today call for alterability and adaptability in long term solutions for new integrated ways of residing. Meanwhile, an accentuated ageing society requires new residential ways of living, combining dignity, independence and appropriate care. Concurrently, profound changes in technical conditions for home healthcare require rethinking healing environments. This edited collection explores the dynamics between these integrated architectural and caring developments and intends to envision reconfigured environmental design patterns that can significantly enhance new forms of welfare and ultimately, an improved quality of life. This book identifies, presents, and articulates new qualities in designs, in caring processes, and healing atmospheres, thereby providing operational knowledge developed in close collaboration with academics, actors and stakeholders in architecture, design, and healthcare. This is an ideal read for those interested in health promotive situations of dwelling, ageing and caring.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Cecilia K, et al.
(författare)
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Glucose tolerance and beta-cell function in islet autoantibody-positive children recruited to a secondary prevention study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 14:5, s. 341-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk and islet autoantibodies are recruited to a secondary prevention study. The aims were to determine metabolic control in relation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic risk and islet autoantibodies in prepubertal children. METHODS: In 47 healthy children with GADA and at least one additional islet autoantibody, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IvGTT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed 8-65 d apart. Hemoglobin A1c, plasma glucose as well as serum insulin and C-peptide were determined at fasting and during IvGTT and OGTT. RESULTS: All children aged median 5.1 (4.0-9.2) yr had autoantibodies to two to six of the beta-cell antigens GAD65, insulin, IA-2, and the three amino acid position 325 variants of the ZnT8 transporter. In total, 20/47 children showed impaired glucose metabolism. Decreased (≤30 μU/mL insulin) first-phase insulin response (FPIR) was found in 14/20 children while 11/20 had impaired glucose tolerance in the OGTT. Five children had both impaired glucose tolerance and FPIR ≤30 μU/mL insulin. Number and levels of autoantibodies were not associated with glucose metabolism, except for an increased frequency (p = 0.03) and level (p = 0.01) of ZnT8QA in children with impaired glucose metabolism. Among the children with impaired glucose metabolism, 13/20 had HLA-DQ2/8, compared to 9/27 of the children with normal glucose metabolism (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Secondary prevention studies in children with islet autoantibodies are complicated by variability in baseline glucose metabolism. Evaluation of metabolic control with both IvGTT and OGTT is critical and should be taken into account before randomization. All currently available autoantibody tests should be analyzed, including ZnT8QA.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Cecilia K, et al.
(författare)
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The three ZNT8 autoantibody variants together improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Autoimmunity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 44, s. 394-405
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: We tested whether autoantibodies to all three ZnT8RWQ variants, GAD65, insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), insulin and autoantibodies to islet cell cytoplasm (ICA) in combination with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) would improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood type 1 diabetes by detecting the children who otherwise would have been autoantibody-negative. Methods: A total of 686 patients diagnosed in 1996-2005 in Skåne were analyzed for all the seven autoantibodies [arginin 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8RA), tryptophan 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8WA), glutamine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8QA), autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), Autoantibodies to islet-antigen-2 (IA-2A), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and ICA] in addition to HLA-DQ genotypes. Results: Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody to either one or all three amino acid variants at position 325 (ZnT8RWQA) was found in 65% (449/686) of the patients. The frequency was independent of age at diagnosis. The ZnT8RWQA reduced the frequency of autoantibody-negative patients from 7.5 to 5.4%-a reduction by 28%. Only 2 of 108 (2%) patients who are below 5 years of age had no autoantibody at diagnosis. Diagnosis without any islet autoantibody increased with increasing age at onset. DQA1-B1(*)X-0604 was associated with both ZnT8RA (p = 0.002) and ZnT8WA (p = 0.01) but not with ZnT8QA (p = 0.07). Kappa agreement analysis showed moderate (>0.40) to fair (>0.20) agreement between pairs of autoantibodies for all combinations of GADA, IA-2A, ZnT8RWQA and ICA but only slight ( < 0.19) agreement for any combination with IAA. Conclusions: This study revealed that (1) the ZnT8RWQA was common, independent of age; (2) multiple autoantibodies were common among the young; (3) DQA1-B1(*)X-0604 increased the risk for ZnT8RA and ZnT8WA; (4) agreement between autoantibody pairs was common for all combinations except IAA. These results suggest that ZnT8RWQA is a necessary complement to the classification and prediction of childhood type 1 diabetes as well as to randomize the subjects in the prevention and intervention of clinical trials.
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
A life-course perspective on girls' criminality
- 2012
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Ingår i: Girls at risk. - New York, NY : Springer. - 9781461441298 - 9781461441304 ; , s. 119-137
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter explores the female patterning of crime and factors that differentiate between these patterns. The theoretical frame considers the developmental course of criminality and some common developmental pathways or trajectories. This perspective is concerned with identifying factors across people’s lives that account for both stability and change in antisocial behavior and crime. The family, school, and peer groups, expressed in social bonds and social networks, are the dominant sources of social control during childhood and adolescence and although childhood oppositional behavior tends to attenuate these important sources of social control, this is not invariably the case. The chapter has a special focus on a female pattern of crime that has not previously been given so much attention in research, namely an adulthood-onset trajectory. The overall aim is to contribute to a better understanding of factors that contribute to the development of different criminal careers among females by studying individual and social characteristics and how such factors interact to change and shape criminal involvement over two critical developmental phases: early adolescence and the transition into young adulthood for a cohort of Swedish girls.
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in offending trajectories in a Swedish cohort
- 2012
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Ingår i: CBMH. Criminal behaviour and mental health. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0957-9664 .- 1471-2857. ; 22:2, s. 108-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Despite the increased interest in female offending trajectories over the last decades, knowledge is still limited. Aim To meet the need for more knowledge on female offending trajectories by studying sex differences in criminal career patterns. Method Data on 518 female and 2567 male offenders up to age 30 from the Swedish longitudinal Project Metropolitan study were analysed using latent class analysis. Results The female offenders were much less predisposed to offend than the males, but when they did, they tended to follow a similar set of trajectories to males in their criminal development over time. Four criminal career patterns were identified for each sex. Two patterns were the same between the sexes, and two were gender unique. All career patterns had meaningful and distinct associations with crime characteristics. Conclusions Our study presents indicators relating both to gender differences and to heterogeneity within the group of female offenders. One important finding was the identification of an adult-onset offender group unique to females. This group was characterised by high criminal activity over the years following their late onset. Further research will focus on the childhood origins, pathways and outcomes of different female antisocial and criminal careers.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Greger, et al.
(författare)
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Musicerandet
- 2002
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Ingår i: Slotten & landskapet. - 915183927X ; , s. 145-150
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Andersson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines VI : Evaluation of methods for comparison of amphetamine
- 2007
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 169:1, s. 86-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amphetamine samples were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and the peak areas of 33 target compounds were transformed by applying various pretreatment techniques. The objective was to optimise the ability of a number of distance metrics to establish links between samples of amphetamine originating from the same batch (henceforth refered to as linked distances). Furthermore, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to evaluate the effects of various pretreatment methods on separation of amphetamine batches synthesised by the Leuckart reaction, reductive amination of benzyl methyl ketone, and the nitrostyrene route. The most efficient way to pretreat GC–MS data varied for the different distance metrics, although best results were obtained when data were normalised to the sum of peak areas, and either the fourth root or a logarithm was applied to the normalised data. When pretreating normalised data by fourth root transformation, Pearson correlation was the distance metric that was most successful at finding linked samples. Normalisation and the use of fourth root also represented the best method of pretreating data when employing PLS-DA to separate samples synthesised by different routes. To achieve a faster and more user-friendly procedure for evaluating chromatograms, experiments were performed in which the number of target compounds used to compare samples was reduced. The effect of each compound that was removed was studied by applying PLS-DA and by using Pearson correlation to calculate linked distances as well as unlinked distances (between samples from different batches of amphetamine). Considering both links between samples from the same batch and separation of samples synthesised by different routes, the best results were obtained with the data set comprising 26 compounds. Finally, it was found that the profiling method developed in this work was superior to an existing technique with respect to separating linked and unlinked distances.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Co-simulation of Mobile Wireless Networked Embedded Systems in Physical Environments
- 2005
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Ingår i: RTiS 2005 – Proceedings of Real Time in Sweden 2005, the 8th Biennial SNART Conference on Real-Time Systems (Skövde University Studies in Informatics). - 1653-2325. - 9163173492 ; 2005:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embedded systems are becoming increasingly networked and aredeployed in application areas that require close interaction withtheir physical environment. Examples include distributed mobileagents and wireless sensor/actuator networks. The complexity ofthese applications make co-simulation a necessary tool during systemdevelopment. This paper presents a simulation environment thatfacilitates simulation of computer nodes and communication networksinteracting with the continuous-time dynamics of the real world.Features of the simulator include interrupthandling, task scheduling, wired and wireless communication, localclocks, dynamic voltage scaling, and battery-driven operation.Two simulation case studies are presented: a simple communicationscenario and a mobile robot soccer game.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Andersson, Nils-Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Face milling of AA7010 at high cutting speeds
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Face milling using different commercial tools and inserts at varying cutting speeds on a high strength aluminium alloy has been performed. The surface integrity of the machined samples has been investigated in terms of surface roughness, residual stresses, hardness and peak broadening from x-ray diffraction at grazing angle incidence. Some fatigue testing of the machined surfaces has been done. The cutting chips from the different machining parameters are investigated and compared to one another. The results show a strong influence of tool insert on surface roughness, residual stress, peak broadening, and hardness profile and fatigue properties. The influence of cutting speed on the surface integrity is much smaller. The cutting speed does however influence the size and shape of the cutting chips. There is also a general decrease in peak broadening from x-ray diffraction very near the machined surface after high cutting speeds. This could be explained by a higher local heating of the work piece at very high cutting speeds.
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| 42. |
- Andersson, Nils-Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue crack growth rate in commercial thick plates of AA7010
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A mapping of fatigue crack growth rates in commercial thick plates of a high strength aluminium alloy, AA7010-T7451/52, has been done. The investigated plate thicknesses were 100, 150 and 200 mm. Material from near edge and mid-width at near surface and mid-thickness has been investigated. Measurements of crack length have been perfonned using DC potential drop. Cyclic condensation is used in order to be able to investigate local crack growth after fracture. Influence of crack closure, crack branching and slow growing side cracks on fatigue crack growth rate of S-L and L-T oriented CT specimens are discussed. S-L specimens show the highest fatigue crack growth rates. Beach marks on the fracture surface due to the cyclic condensation reveals locally straight crack fronts. A difference in growth rate between near surface and mid-thickness positioned L-T specimens are found. At a nominal ΔK of - 7 MPa√m the mid-thickness samples showed a sudden crack growth rate acceleration. The result of the investigation is explained in tenns of variations in structure, which is a function of position in the plates and plate thickness.
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| 43. |
- Andersson, Nils-Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue crack growth rate in thick plates of 7010
- 1999
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Ingår i: Fatigue '99. - Beijing : Higher Education Press. - 9787040075823 ; , s. 445-450
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A mapping of fatigue crack growth rates in thick plates of a high strength aluminium alloy has been done. The plate thicknesses investigated was 100, 150 and 200 mm. In this work, material from near edge at near surface and mid-thickness has been investigated. Measurements of crack length has been performed using DC potential drop. Cyclic condensation is used in order to reveal crack growth behaviour for stage I and the earlier part of stage II crack growth. Influence of crack closure, crack branching and slow growing side cracks on fatigue crack growth rate of S-L and L-T oriented specimens are discussed. Variation of difference in growth rate in the upper part of the stage II growth between near surface and mid thickness positioned L-T specimens are found to vary with plate thickness.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Andersson, Nils-Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of recrystallisation on properties of AA7010 thick plate
- 1998
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Ingår i: ICAA-6. ; , s. 1191-1196
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The variations in structure and mechanical properties of AA7010 thick plate have been investigated. The studied plate thicknesses were 100-200 mm and the material was overaged and stress relieved. The material studied is frequently used to produce load-carrying airframe components. The focus of this paper is the influence of recrystallisation. The degree of recrystallisation was determined as a function of position in the mid width of the plates by using optical microscopy and image analysis. The crystallographic orientation of recrystallised grains were determined from EBSP maps. Hardness measurements on subgrain areas and on recrystallised grains were done by micro hardness indentations in order to reveal the effect of recrystallisation on yield strength. The fracture toughness at different positions of the plates are discussed in terms of influence from recrystallisation. The paper also discusses the mechanisms behind the recrystallisation and its influence on mechanical properties such as yield strength and fracture toughness. The suggested influence of recrystallisation on the mechanical properties are compared to the influence seen from other parameters such as chemical composition, quench rate, texture, grain size, distribution and sizes of inclusions, dispersoids and ageing precipitates.
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| 46. |
- Andersson, Nils-Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Property comparison of thin walled sections machined using high speed machining and conventional machining
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The influence of two different machining concepts has been compared. Pockets were machined in a thick plate of AA7010-T7451 by using a high speed machining concept at three different cutting speeds and a conventional machining concept. The pockets were machined using down cut milling and of the remaining thin walls of material fatigue samples were taken out. Some high-speed machined surfaces were anodized using chromic acid in order to see if differences in fatigue properties remained after this surface process. Fatigue properties at constant amplitude and random spectra loading were tested. Properties like residual stress, surface roughness; peak broadening at grazing incidence and micro hardness of machined surfaces were investigated and correlated to the fatigue results. A low cutting speed using the high speed machining or the conventional machining concept yielded the best fatigue properties when fatigue initiation is of concern. The higher fatigue strength is not explained by the residual stresses measured at the machined surfaces using chromium and copper radiation or by the somewhat larger surface roughness. The penetration depth of the residual stresses was found to be higher at high cutting speeds. Fatigue initiation took most often place at near surface iron-rich inclusions. The points of fatigue initiation were not found to differ for different machining concepts and cutting speeds.
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| 47. |
- Andersson, Nils-Eric, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of hot rolling on the variation of through thickness structure of AA7010 thick plates
- 1997
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Ingår i: Thermo-Mechanical Processing in Theory, Modelling & Practice. - Stockholm : Svenska fören. för materialteknik. - 9163054213 ; , s. 284-289
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The variation of through thickness structure and yield strength of AA7010-T7451 thick plate has been investigated. Grain size at different depths were determined qualitatively by using optical microscopy. Texture measurements were carried out using x-ray technique at the same depths as grain size studies. Tensile property tests have been performed and the EBSP technique has been used to compare the degree of recovered and recrystallized grain structure at different depths. Tensile testing determined through thickness variations in yield. The expected W shape of longitudinal yield strength through thickness was not observed. The yield strength decreases towards the center of the plate. An increasing amount of big recrystallized grains (through the thickness from T/8 towards the center of the plate) appears to be the reason behind the decreasing through thickness yield strength.
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| 48. |
- Andersson, Nils-Eric, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of hot rolling on the variation of through thickness structure of AA7010 thick plates
- 1996
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Ingår i: Thermomechanical processing in theory, modelling and practice [TMP]2. - 9163054213 ; , s. 284-289
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The variation of through thickness structure and yield strength of AA7010-T7451 thick plate has been investigated. Grain sizes at different depths were determined qualitatively by using optical microscopy. Texture measurements were carried out using X-ray technique at the same depths as grain size studies and tensile property tests have been performed. EBSP techdque has been used to compare the degree of recovered and recrystallized grain structure at different depths. Tensile testing determined through thickness variations in yield strength. The well known W shape of longitudinal yield strength variation through the thickness was not observed. The influence of texture on the yield strength measured is discussed.
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| 49. |
- Andersson, Nils-Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Through thickness fracture toughness variations of AA7021 thick plate
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this work, a variation of fracture toughness as a function of position and orientation in commercial thick plates of a high strength aluminium alloy has been investigated. Structural and mechanical property variations have been investigated in order to understand the result of the fracture toughness measurements. 100, 150 and 200 mm thick plates of the aluminium alloy AA7010 were studied. The material was averaged and stress relieved by stretching (100 and 150 mm) and cold compression (200 mm), T7451/52. The material studied is frequently used to produce load-carrying airframe components. The knowledge of fracture properties throughout the thick plates is of importance since components are machined from them. The understanding of the varying fracture properties is valuable for development of material and or processes for producing thick plate of high strength aluminium alloys. It is of course also important to know the limitations of the thick plate material and the best way to produce a certain component from a piece of the plate material. Investigated parameters influencing fracture properties are inclusions, recrystallisation, yield strength, chemical composition and quench rate.
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| 50. |
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