| 1. |
- Gration, D., et al.
(författare)
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Resident valuation of planned events: An event portfolio pilot study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Event Management. - 1525-9951. ; 20:4, s. 607-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residents of the Sunshine Coast region in Queensland, Australia, were surveyed on the subject of planned events in their region with the main aim of determining how and why they value events. It was revealed that residents gained considerable use value from events that they attended as audience or otherwise participated in, expressed strong support for a range of events (with a preference for community festivals), and overall did not believe that problems or costs were serious. Residents also indicated strong nonuse values (being existence, option, and bequest values) for events in general. Our findings are positioned within the body of literature concerning impact assessment (specifically, resident perceptions and attitudes towards events), valuation (i.e., the worth of events), and policy and strategy concerning community events and event tourism. © 2016 Cognizant, LLC.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing value and risk within a city's event portfolio: an explorative study of DMO professionals' assessments
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Event and Festival Management. - : Emerald. - 1758-2954. ; 11:4, s. 413-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - This study aims to advance both theory and praxis for event portfolio management in cities and destinations. An experiment has been conducted with professional event practitioners in a city to determine their opinions and strategies for balancing value and risk within their event portfolio. The first objective is to rank 14 of the city's recurring events in terms of both value and risk. Second, the events are plotted in a two-dimensional chart of value versus risk with the objective to differentiate between the 14 events. The third objective is to describe the event characteristics that event professionals associate with value and risk. Design/methodology/approach - Results derive from an experiment involving the forced Q-sort procedure and professional event managers from a city renowned as an "event capital". Empirical evidence is analysed by the constant comparative method of how events are being evaluated by ten professionals working for a DMO. Findings - Economic impact and image effects are characteristics of high-value events as is an opportunity to create relations with event owners for future collaboration. Local community involvement is important for all events. The issue of portfolio fit was a common argument for weak-value events. Research limitations/implications - Results are based on the opinions of ten DMO employees in one large city. Conclusions help build event portfolio theory. Practical implications - The results and methods are useful for event strategists and evaluators. In particular, the management of event portfolios and policies covering events in cities and destinations can benefit from the documented method for explicitly balancing risks with perceived value. Social implications - A portfolio perspective is also suggested as an approach to analyse the total tourist attractions portfolio of a destination. Originality/value - Opinions regarding public value and risk by civil servants who work with events have not been studied before. The constant comparative method produces results that can be applied to policies governing events. In terms of theory development, concepts from financial portfolio management, product portfolio management and risk management are used to develop event portfolio design and management, and insights are gained on trade-offs in the process. The plot of the events in a two-dimensional chart of value versus risk clearly differentiated the 14 events and is an original contribution.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Iceland and the resumption of whaling: An empirical study of the attitudes of international tourists and whale-watch tour operators
- 2012
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Ingår i: Whale-Watching: Sustainable Tourism and Ecological Management. - Cambridge : Cambridge university press. - 9781139018166 ; , s. 95-109
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter investigates how the resumption of Icelandic whaling has impacted the whale-watching tourism industry in Iceland viewed both from a demand side and a supply side. The impact on international tourists and domestic whale-watching tour operators’ attitudes were subjects of a case study from Iceland in 2007. After an introduction to Icelandic whale-watching and the Icelandic whaling situation, the results of this case study are presented. In the concluding section the development of whale-watching tourism in Iceland from 1995 to 2009 is viewed and analysed through these two perspectives. Whaling versus the whale-watching tourism industry For a number of reasons, the coexistence of whaling and whale-watching has been described as incompatible (Hoyt & Hvenegaard, 2002). Removal of whales and disturbances or changes to their regular activities are direct effects of whaling. Whaling will thus reduce the number of existing whales for whale-watching at the same time as it can cause avoidance responses to boats in several ways, such as increases in dive intervals (Baker et al., 1988; MacGibbon, 1991; Janik & Thompson, 1996) and changes in movement and direction (Edds & MacFarlane, 1987; Salvado et al., 1992; Bejder et al., 1999; Nowacek et al., 2001) which are caused by the presence and navigation of vessels on the water in proximity to animals (Constantine, 2001). Other potential implications of the coexistence are negative attitudes towards the destination image by whale-watchers as well as other tourists. There are, however, some proponents of the Icelandic resumption of commercial whaling who say that it is possible for commercial whaling and whale-watching to coexist and that money can be gained from both whaling and whale-watching (e.g. Moyle & Evans, 2001 cited in Parsons & Rawles, 2003). In Iceland and Norway, the whale-watching industry exists side by side with the whaling industry. © Cambridge University Press 2014.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Specialization versus diversification in the event portfolios of amateur athletes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 20:4, s. 376-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the personal event portfolios of amateur athletes, differentiating between those who pursue a specialized career within one sport and those who diversify within multiple sports. The impetus for this paper was the observation made in previously published research that many sport-event tourists participate in multiple sports. The twin objectives of the study are to better understand highly involved participants and to draw implications that could contribute to the events' and the country's competitiveness in sport event tourism. The study also addresses the question of whether or not these portfolio choices emerge as involvement increases - in other words, do highly involved amateur athletes tend to specialize in one sport, as suggest by recreation specialization theory? A total of 6691 participants were surveyed online in five events (cross-country run, Nordic ski, half-marathon run, open-water swim, and road cycling), out of which 2329 were identified as pursuing a portfolio strategy. The major contributions of this paper include identification of a large number of significant differences between "specialized" and "diversified" portfolios. Planning and marketing implications that can potentially enhance the attractiveness of individual and collectively marketed events are also discussed.
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| 5. |
- Busagara, T., et al.
(författare)
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Customer information sharing and new service development: is there a link?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bottom Line. - : Emerald. - 0888-045X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the link between customer information sharing and new service development. Design/methodology/approach Through a survey of tourism firms, 295 questionnaires were collected in three large tourism locations in Tanzania. Thereafter, the hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling (SEM) after undertaking both factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings Results indicate that there is a positive association/link between customer information sharing and new service development. The link here expresses the association that exists as customers share information and the extent of use of this information for the firm benefit in facilitating new service development. Specifically, customers post service information and customer interaction behaviors positively support new service development; however, customers' pre-service information revealed no link. Originality/value These results evidence that customer post service information and customer interaction behaviors form the groundwork for development new services in tourism. Hence, the study strengthens the value co-creation and innovation views in the service arena by extending knowledge in the use of both the service and the customer environment for service improvement.
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| 6. |
- Getz, D., et al.
(författare)
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Testing the event travel career trajectory in multiple participation sports
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-5085 .- 1029-5399. ; 24:3, s. 155-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper employs data from a large-scale survey of respondents from five mass-participation sport events in Sweden to test and develop the ‘event travel career trajectory’. The six inter-related hypotheses of the theoretical construct are examined, dealing with the evolution of participants’ motivations, event and destination choice criteria, and travel patterns and styles as their sport ‘involvement’ increases. Involvement has been measured by reference to both attitudes and event-travel activity. Analysis of data from over 6000 respondents reveals that these sport-event tourists progress along the career trajectory as they become significantly more involved. The most highly involved have significantly different preferences, preferring the accompaniment of a club or team; they spend a significantly larger amount of money on equipment, and self-improvement is a significantly stronger motivation. The most highly involved are more selective or demanding when it comes to choosing events, including more novelty seeking, wanting a party atmosphere, and favouring events with a higher reputation and prestige factor. They want a scenic/fast track or course and they have significantly different criteria for destination preferences, including a higher need for accessibility, quality services, strong reputation in sports, competence of event organizers, pleasant weather and attractive scenery. International participants have, on average, come further along the trajectory than domestic participants. In the concluding section, a dynamic explanation to the event travel career trajectory is suggested. Implications for destinations and events are discussed and further research needs are identified. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 7. |
- Almeida-Santana, A., et al.
(författare)
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Does bestial make you a happy human? The impact on happiness from participation in an obstacle running event
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Event and Festival Management. - : Emerald. - 1758-2954. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The main research questions addressed by this study focus on Subjective Well-Being (SWB) and to what extent the individual's SWB relates to the individual's need for personal growth. Specific interest is devoted to the effects of intentions (to have personal goals) and behavior (to achieve personal goals). Design/methodology/approach Can SWB and happiness research help to explain the tremendous growth in demanding amateur sport event participation? Most research on SWB and events has, so far been undertaken on cultural events leaving a gap related to sport events, especially obstacle running events. Bestial is an obstacle race event held in Arucas on Canary Islands, Spain. Apart from competitiveness, the race also contains elements of altruism as many competitors do help each other at various obstacles along the route, in groups (mainly) teams. A sample of 700 participants answered questions about behavior, attitudes and SWB. Findings The results show significant relations between SWB and both intentions and behavior but also that intentions and behavior are not correlated. Research limitations/implications The "Bestial" is different from an average running event in some respects. It is a rather local event for Gran Canaria without international participation. For some participants it is more challenging and enduring but for others it is a team sport where one helps other team members to complete the race. In this study, these two types of participation have not been separated. The test of whether the SWB of participants is higher than the SWB of the average citizen is not satisfactory. Data for the average of SWB in Spain had to depend on a study from another year and where standard deviation was not available. Practical implications The results of this work are useful for event managers to improve their design and develop the most appropriate marketing messages. Social implications The study aims for an explanation to why demanding physical activities, such as obstacle races, are so popular. In this study of obstacle race participation, hedonia is regarded as less relevant and focus is on eudaimonia and an assumption that participants in an obstacle race have a high SWB since they can feel that they make progress towards goals. One intended contribution of this study is to distinguish between "to have a goal" and "to progress towards a goal". Thus, the model proposed is based on hypotheses that SWB is influenced by both. Two types of goals are studied: first a mainly individualistic goal of becoming physically fit and second a more altruistic goal of "becoming a better person". Originality/value In the conclusions, the importance for a happy life of simply having goals for personal growth and the value of anticipation for happiness is discussed.
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| 8. |
- Alverén, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal employees' intention to return and do more than expected
- 2012
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Ingår i: Service Industries Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-2069 .- 1743-9507. ; 32:12, s. 1957-1972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seasonal employment is important in the service industries. Having motivated and satisfied employees is fundamental when front-line employees play a key role for the customers' perceived service quality. Seasonal work differs from permanent employment in many aspects and if managed properly, this could be a competitive advantage and contribute to the success of an organization. This study focuses on seasonal employees' intention to return and to do more than expected at work as well as the relationships between certain motivational factors and job satisfaction. A survey was carried out at four ski resorts with 477 respondents. Correlation and regression analyses indicate that job satisfaction influences the intention to return but does not have a strong influence on organizational citizenship behaviour (i.e. doing more than expected at work). The results improve our understanding of seasonal workers' motivation and behaviour. The concluding part discusses managerial implications.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Commensurability and sustainability: Triple impact assessments of a tourism event
- 2013
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Ingår i: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 37, s. 99-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a model for measuring impacts of a tourist event from sustainability perspectives and in a common monetary metric is developed. The aim is to achieve commensurability. The proposed model is tested on a three-day music festival and the results demonstrate a possibility to produce a sustainability impact analysis in a uniform metric. Measured in monetary terms, socio-cultural impacts carry weight just as economic impacts do whereas environmental impacts have little importance for the total assessment. This illustrates how the low market value of emission rights make environmental concerns negligible from an economic perspective. Finally, issues related to scope of the assessment, commensurability and opportunity cost are discussed and possibilities for future studies are suggested. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947
(författare)
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Cost Analysis
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Hospitality Management /Abraham Pizam (ed. in chief), Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. - 9780750659963
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating Use and Non-use Values of a Music Festival
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 12:3, s. 215-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impacts of a music festival may appear in many forms and research in the area of impact assessments is at present developing wider perspectives than being limited to economic impact assessments. Concepts like social, cultural and environmental impacts are now appropriate and traditional cost–benefit analysis is regaining momentum. The purpose of this study was first, to discuss how the value of a festival can be assessed and understood within a cost–benefit framework. Second, it was to evaluate a Scandinavian music festival in terms of Use and Non-use values by the contingent valuation method. The results illustrate the implications of a wider perspective regarding the impacts of a festival. Use value, representing the core experience, is the largest value (€7.4 million) but Non-use value is also important (€3 million). The latter includes the perceived value of externalities such as socio-cultural and environmental impacts which are highly relevant from a sustainability perspective. One conclusion is that Use and Non-use values within a cost–benefit framework can help managers and researchers understand value creation of festivals better.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Event portfolios: asset value, risk and returns
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Event and Festival Management. - 1758-2954 .- 1758-2962. ; 8:3, s. 226-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The research question addressed is whether an event portfolio analysis rooted in financial portfolio theory can yield meaningful insights to complement two approaches to event portfolios. The first approach is extrinsic and rooted in economic impact analysis where events need to demonstrate a financial return on investment. In the second approach events are valued ally, with every event having inherent value and the entire portfolio being valued for its synergistic effects and contribution to social and cultural goals. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Data from visitors to four events in the Sunshine Coast region of Australia are analyzed to illustrate key points, including the notion of “efficient frontier.” Findings – Conceptual development includes an examination of extrinsic and intrinsic perspectives on portfolios, ways to define and measure value, returns, risk, and portfolio management strategies. In the conclusions a number of research questions are raised, and it is argued that the two approaches to value event portfolios can be combined. Research limitations/implications – Only four events were studied, in one Australian local authority. The sample of residents who responded to a questionnaire was biased in terms of age, education and gender. Social implications – Authorities funding events and developing event portfolios for multiple reasons can benefit from more rigorous analysis of the value created. Originality/value – This analysis and conceptual development advances the discourse on portfolio theory applied to event management and event tourism.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Factors that Influence Event Sponsorship
- 2011
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Ingår i: Management Culture in the 21st Century. Proceedings of the European Academy of Management 11th Annual Meeting. - 9789985982471
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article contributes to sponsorship research as well as to event management theory and practice by systematically examining a number of factors that influence grant and sponsorship revenue for events (festivals). Data from 260 festival managers in Australia, Norway, Sweden and UK are compared with respect to their events’ revenue sources, ownership and other factors thought to influence revenue. Statistical tests reveal that event size (i.e., attendance), professionalism (as measured by staff numbers) and the "fit" between event and sponsor (as measured by type of event correlated with sponsor type and grant sources) significantly affect event revenue, and a number of practical management implications are discussed. Future research needs and theory development are discussed in the conclusions, focused on a new set of propositions derived from the analysis.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Factors explaining the use-value of sport event experiences
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Event and Festival Management. - 1758-2954 .- 1758-2962. ; 5:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose and test a model explaining the value of event experiences. Design/methodology/approach – Three versions of the explanatory model are tested by regression analysis of data from a survey of 650 visitors to a sports event. Findings – The three model versions are significant and explain the value of event experiences with satisfactory R2 values (0.29, 0.46 and 0.68) using the concepts “Extent of visit”, “Experience intensity” and “Expenditure”. The measures of event experiences (Use-Value, Direct Use-Value as well as Indirect Use-Value) meet requirements for reliability and validity. Originality/value – The paper reveals that explanatory models are basic but novel in a sports event context and provide a basis for further research. Furthermore, the definition of Indirect Use-Value has been clarified and adapted for higher relevance to destination managers focusing on event tourism.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Influencing Grant and Sponsorship Revenue for Festivals
- 2013
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Ingår i: Event Management. - 1525-9951. ; 17:3, s. 195-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article contributes to event management theory and practice, and more generally to sponsorship research, by examining grant and sponsorship revenue for festivals. In particular, a number of factors that appear to influence the amounts and sources of external revenues are examined for significant differences. Data obtained from 260 festival managers in Australia, Norway, Sweden, and UK are compared with respect to their events’ revenue sources, ownership, and other factors thought to influence revenue. Statistical tests reveal that festival size (i.e., attendance), professionalism (as measured by staff members), and the “fit” between event and sponsor (as measured by type of event correlated with different sponsors and grant sources) significantly affect festival revenue. It is argued in the conclusion that by applying certain strategies festival managers can enhance their external revenue generation and support. Future research needs and theory development are discussed in the conclusions, focused on a new set of propositions derived from the analysis.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of mega events on the economy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Asian Business & Management. ; Vol 7:2, s. 163-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Interest in food events:some insights from Swedish consumers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Food and Wine Events in Europe - A stakeholder approach. Edited by Alessio Cavicchi & Cristina Santini. - New York : Routledge. - 9780415827812 ; , s. 201-212
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Festival and Event Management in Nordic Countries. - New York : Abingdon & New York: Routledge. - 9780415695695 ; , s. 1-4
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Linking event quality to economic impact: A study of quality, satisfaction, use value and expenditure at a music festival
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journalof Vacation Marketing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1356-7667 .- 1479-1870. ; 23:2, s. 114-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to develop and test, in an event context, a model describing the relationships between perceived quality, satisfaction, use value and consumer expenditures. A model is proposed and tested using data from a Web and telephone survey of 326 visitors to a Swedish music festival. Findings from bivariate correlation, multiple regression and structural equation models show that links are significant and support a chain of dependencies. Better managed festivals seem to generate higher economic impact at the destination as well as in the festival area. Implications of this are that festival managers can influence the economic impact by careful design, planning and operation of the festival and that the DMO can positively influence the economic impact by monitoring the quality of publicly supported festivals and events. Quality standards and quality certification could provide means for such developments.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947
(författare)
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The Relevance of Restaurant Accounting Systems
- 2006
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Ingår i: Accounting and Financial Management; Developments in the International Hospitality Industry /Harris, Mongiello (eds.), Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford. - 075066729X
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947
(författare)
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The Tourist in the Experience Economy
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. ; 7:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 38. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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The use and non-use values of events: a conceptual framework for event evaluation
- 2014
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Ingår i: The 23 r d Nordic Symposium On Tourism And Hospitality Research. THE VALUES OF TOURISM 2-4 October 2014. Köpenhamn, Danmark..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An important focus of current research has involved the holisti c assessment of event impacts, including social, cultu ral and environmental impacts a s well as economic impacts. Events create externali ties that can be understood wit h the help of concepts such as Use and Non‐use values. To date, these concepts have been de veloped and applied primarily within environmental economics as comprising what eco nomists call 'total economic value'. They have been u sed to understand the benefits and costs that occur both for users of natural resources and for non‐users, i.e. ind ividuals that are affected by positive or negative externaliti es linked to, for example, the preservation of natural resources. They have also been e stablished within cultural econ omics to understand the values created by, for example, cultural institutions and art. A more recent development has been the application of Use and Non‐use values in the conte xts of events and festivals. The link between cultural instit utions and events can be establ ished by the cultural content of many events and festivals. However, the adoption of these concepts can also be linked to the notion that events have wider societal impacts, b eyond economic impacts or the financial injection of new money. The aim of this paper is to conceptualize Use and Non‐use value s in an event context. A literature review of the definit ions and applications within th e fields of environmental and cultural economics will be t he basis for the conceptualizat ion, as well as the recent applications in the event context. The conceptual framework pro vides a view on value creation of events, including bo th visitors (users) and local r esidents (non‐users). Use values are discussed in terms of direct and indirect use value which can be linked to different aspects of the event e xperience by participants, visi tors and destination residents. Non‐use values, on th e other hand, are discussed in terms of option value , bequest value , stewardship , altruistic value , and existence value and how these values can (if at all possible) be related to a wider group of event stake holders. The paper contributes an alternative perspective on event evaluation comp ared to standard approaches. This perspective also provides a fertile agenda for more detailed research on the role and importance of diffe rent types of values in event a ssessment.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947
(författare)
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Tourism in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Tourism Planning and Organization Systems. - London : Channel View. - 9781845414320
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Travel for the sake of food
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 17:1, s. 44-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses the need for more knowledge about the growing number of food tourists. The objective is to describe the effects of enduring food involvement on consumers’ behaviour in terms of food consumption, food-related activities and travel. The theoretical concepts of involvement, gastronomic identity and travel motives are elaborated to model the causes and effects of food involvement. Five proposals are suggested about involvement having effects on consumers’ identities, attitudes, motivations and travel behaviour. The five proposals are tested by first identifying a category of “food enthusiasts” defined as the top 25% in a population of urban citizens in terms of enduring food involvement and second by comparing “food enthusiasts” to other consumers. All five proposals are strongly supported by survey data. Practical implications are that destination management organizations and restaurants, as well as tourism attractions serving food, cannot ignore that a large segment of the urban population is highly involved in food. There are many good reasons to serve food that fulfils normal criteria for sustainable food, that is healthy and that is locally produced.
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| 44. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947
(författare)
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Triple Impact Assessments of Sports Events
- 2013
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Ingår i: Handbook of Research on Sport and Business. - : Edward Elgar Publ. Ltd. - 9781849800051 ; , s. 237-256
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Use-Value of an event experience
- 2013
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Ingår i: Innovation and value creation in experience-based tourism, The 22nd Nordic Symposium in Tourism and Hospitality Research, Bodö & Lofoten Islands, Sept. 24-27, 2013 / editor: Frank Lindberg.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 49. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Use-Value of Music Event Experiences: A “Triple Ex” Model Explaining Direct and Indirect Use-Value of Events
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 14:3, s. 255-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To describe the value of event experiences remains a challenge for event research. Recently, use-value has been successfully applied to event valuation, drawing on extensive research and a validated methodology from environmental and culture economics. The objectives of this study are first to define direct and indirect use-value in an event context, second to suggest an explanatory model for direct and indirect use-value and third to test this model against data from 714 visitors to a three-day music festival. The results show that the concepts can be defined, measured and validated. The “Triple Ex” model gives a good fit to data and reveals significant influences from the three ex: experiences, extent of the visit and expenditure for the visit. Socio-economic variables are not significant. The model is suggested as a first step towards a better understanding of how use-value is created and more detailed studies of time and space dimensions of the three factors are proposed for further research.
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| 50. |
|
|
