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Sökning: WFRF:(Andersson Victoria)

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1.
  • Andrén, Mats, et al. (författare)
  • Att lära sig språk
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen : människans språk 1-2 - människans språk 1-2. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144083391 ; , s. 73-89
  • Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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2.
  • Johansson, Victoria, et al. (författare)
  • Språk och hjärna
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen : människans språk 1-2. - 9789144083391 ; , s. 225-241
  • Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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3.
  • Johansson, Victoria, et al. (författare)
  • Språk och hjärna
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB.
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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4.
  • Sampson, Joshua N., et al. (författare)
  • Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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5.
  • Wang, Zhaoming, et al. (författare)
  • Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:24, s. 6616-6633
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
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6.
  • Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al. (författare)
  • Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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7.
  • Aminoff, Victoria, et al. (författare)
  • Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychological Distress Associated With the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with various negative psychological consequences. This is a challenge for the society as regular psychological services cannot be offered to the same extent as before the pandemic. In addition to the requirement of social distancing, there is a need to adjust psychological treatment components like exposure to avoid increasing the spread of the infection. Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has an established evidence base for a range of psychiatric problems and has been suggested as one possible approach to deal with the situation. This study aimed to conduct a randomized controlled pilot trial during the summer of 2020 with a broad focus on psychological distress and a treatment approach that tailors the intervention based on symptom profile and preferences.Methods: Following the advertisement and interview, we included 52 participants with elevated levels of psychological distress. They were randomly allocated to either a 7-week-long individually tailored ICBT (n = 26) or a wait-list control condition (n = 26). Measures of depression and quality of life were used as primary outcomes. We also included secondary outcome measures of anxiety, insomnia, trauma, stress, anger, and alcohol use. For screening, we used the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey (CRISIS). Results: Overall moderate to large between-group effects were found at post-treatment in favor of the treatment on measures of both depression [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); Cohens d = 0.63; Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): d = 0.62] and anxiety [Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7-item scale (GAD-7); d = 0.82]. This was also observed for stress symptoms [Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14); d = 1.04]. No effects were seen on measures of quality of life, insomnia, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, and anger. There was an effect on alcohol use [Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT); d = 0.54], which was not of clinical relevance.Conclusion: Individually tailored ICBT shows initial promise as a way to reduce psychological problems in association with the COVID-19 pandemic. A possible limitation was that the trial was conducted when the effects of the pandemic were decreasing and when fewer people were affected by the restrictions (e.g., the summer of 2020).
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8.
  • Aminoff, Victoria, et al. (författare)
  • Tailored internet-based psychological treatment for psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : ELSEVIER. - 2214-7829. ; 34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The COVID-19 pandemic influence mental health in both infected and non-infected populations. In this study we examined if individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) could be an effective treatment for psychological symptoms related to the pandemic. Following recruitment we included 76 participants who were randomized to either a treatment group (n = 37) or a waitlist control group (n = 39). The treatment group received 8 modules (out of 16 possible) during 8 weeks with weekly therapist support. We collected data on symptoms of depression, experienced quality of life, anxiety, stress, anger, insomnia, PTSD, and alcohol use before, after the treatment and at one year follow-up. Using multiple regression analysis, group condition was found to be a statistically significant predictor for a decrease, favoring the treatment group, in symptoms of depression, insomnia, and anger with small to moderate effect sizes. The improvements remained at one year follow-up. Group condition did not significantly predict changing symptoms regarding experienced quality of life, anxiety, stress, PTSD and alcohol use. Findings indicate that ICBT is an effective intervention for some psychological symptoms associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need for further studies on mechanisms of change and on tailored ICBT for problems associated with crises like the pandemic.
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9.
  • Andersson, Bodil, et al. (författare)
  • Combining Keystroke Logging with Eye Tracking
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Writing and Digital Media. - 1572-6304. - 0080448631 ; 17, s. 166-172
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This chapter describes the successful development of a new methodology for studying on-line writing. The text-logging tool ScriptLog has been combined with the eyetracking technology iView X HED HT, in order to enhance the study of the interplay between writing, monitoring and revision. Data on the distribution of visual attention during writing help determining to what extent pauses are used for monitoring. The complexity of the experimental settings, and the expertise needed for interpreting the eye-tracking data make this a method suitable mainly for laboratory settings. The chapter also introduces an analysis tool that merges data from ScriptLog and iView and thus helps the researcher to organise and analyse the vast amount of data produced.
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10.
  • Andersson, Bo, Docent, 1965-, et al. (författare)
  • Enhancing Information Quality as Part of the Disease Surveillance System in Malawi, Africa : Reflections on a mHealth Intervention
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Information Systems Development: Advances in Methods, Tools and Management. - Larnaca : Association for Information Systems. - 9789963228836
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Public health surveillance and response to disease outbreaks is still a hurdle in many developing countries across sub-Saharan Africa. Pivotal in disease surveillance and response is the reliance on valid information, hence, the need for information which has high Information Quality (IQ) characteristics. A key issue with disease surveillance systems, stem from the diverse range of data sources with various levels of information quality that may affect the trustworthiness of the information. However, with the increasing diffusion of mobile phone technologies, there are opportunities to improve IQ. The aim of this study was to assess the information quality in data collected through a smartphone application. Based on qualitative data from interviews, workshop and system specifications, it was found that information quality improves with the use of smartphone applications but aspects such as user competence and trustworthiness, must be addressed to maximize the benefits of using mobile technologies for disease surveillance.
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11.
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12.
  • Andersson, Christian X, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Insulin antagonizes interleukin-6 signaling and is anti-inflammatory in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: J Biol Chem. - 0021-9258. ; 282:13, s. 9430-5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Adipose tissue secretes different adipokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), that have been implicated in the insulin resistance and inflammatory state characterizing obesity. We examined the putative cross-talk between insulin and IL-6 in adipose cells and found that insulin exerts an inhibitory effect on the IL-6 signaling pathway by altering the post-translational modifications of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Insulin reduces the tyrosine phosphorylation and increases the serine phosphorylation of STAT3, thereby reducing its nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. Signaling through the MEK/MAPK pathway plays an important role as treatment with the MEK inhibitor PD98059 reduces the effects of insulin on IL-6 signaling. We also show that the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is activated upon insulin signaling and is required for the dephosphorylation of STAT3 and that insulin exerts a synergistic effect with IL-6 on suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression. As a consequence, the IL-6-induced expression of the inflammatory markers serum amyloid A 3 and haptoglobin are significantly decreased in cells incubated with both IL-6 and insulin. Thus, insulin exerts an important anti-inflammatory effect in adipose cells by impairing the IL-6 signal at several levels.
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13.
  • Andersson, Emma, et al. (författare)
  • Antimicrobial activities of heparin-binding peptides.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956. ; 271:6, s. 1219-1226
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Antimicrobial peptides are effector molecules of the innate immune system. We recently showed that the human antimicrobial peptides alpha-defensin and LL-37 bind to glycosaminoglycans (heparin and dermatan sulphate). Here we demonstrate the obverse, i.e. structural motifs associated with heparin affinity (cationicity, amphipaticity, and consensus regions) may confer antimicrobial properties to a given peptide. Thus, heparin-binding peptides derived from laminin isoforms, von Willebrand factor, vitronectin, protein C inhibitor, and fibronectin, exerted antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Similar results were obtained using heparin-binding peptides derived from complement factor C3 as well as consensus sequences for heparin-binding (Cardin and Weintraub motifs). These sequence motifs, and additional peptides, also killed the fungus Candida albicans. These data will have implications for the search for novel antimicrobial peptides and utilization of heparin-protein interactions should be helpful in the identification and purification of novel antimicrobial peptides from complex biological mixtures. Finally, consensus regions may serve as templates for de novo synthesis of novel antimicrobial molecules.
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14.
  • Andersson, Kristina, et al. (författare)
  • Smarta urbana trafikzoner : en del av den flexibla staden där fordon rör sig på människors villkor - resultatrapport steg 2
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Projektet Smarta urbana trafikzoner har genomfört tre demonstrationer av smarta zoner som kan bli ett kraftfullt verktyg för att bidra till tystare, säkrare och hälsosammare urbana miljöer. Den smarta zonen bygger på digitala verktyg såsom uppkopplade sensorer och geofencing. Ett geofence är ett digitalt definierat område där fordonet styrs av digitalt uppsatta regler, vilket möjliggör kontroll av hur ett fordon körs inom zonen, utan mänsklig inblandning.
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15.
  • Andersson, Mikael, 1988, et al. (författare)
  • Interplay of NH4+ and BH4- reorientational dynamics in NH4BH4
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Physical Review Materials. - 2475-9953. ; 4:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The reorientational dynamics of ammonium borohydride (NH4BH4) was studied using quasielastic neutron scattering in the temperature interval from 10 to 240 K, which covers both the dynamically ordered and disordered polymorphs of NH4BH4. In the low-temperature (50 K) ordered polymorph of NH4BH4, analysis of the quasielastic neutron scattering data reveals that no reorientational dynamics is present within the probed timescale region of 0.1 to 100 ps. In the high-temperature (50 K) disordered polymorph, the analysis establishes the onset of NH4+ and BH4- dynamics at around 50 and 125 K, respectively. The relaxation time at 150 K for NH4+ is approximately 1 ps, while around 100 ps for BH4- . The NH4+ dynamics at temperatures below 125 K is associated with preferential tetrahedral tumbling motions, where each of the hydrogen atoms in the NH4+ tetrahedron can visit any of the four hydrogen sites, however, reorientations around a specific axis are more frequently occurring (C-2 or C3). At higher temperatures, the analysis does not exclude a possible evolution of the NH4+ dynamics from tetrahedral tumbling to either cubic tumbling, where the hydrogen atoms can visit any of the eight positions corresponding to the corners of a cube, or isotropic rotational diffusion, where the hydrogen atoms can visit any location on the surface of a sphere. The BH4- dynamics can be described as cubic tumbling. The difference in reorientational dynamics between the two ions is related to the difference of the local environment where the dynamically much slower BH4- anion imposes a noncubic environment on the NH4+ cation.
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16.
  • Andersson, Åsa, et al. (författare)
  • Patient involvement in surgical care-Healthcare personnel views and behaviour regarding patient involvement
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : WILEY. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 35:1, s. 96-103
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background All professions in surgical care have a responsibility to include patients in their health care. By Swedish law, all care should be done in dialogue with the patient. The essential part of health care is the meeting between patient and healthcare professional. In the interaction, a decision can be made, and needs can be identified to a safer care. Previous studies on patient participation have focussed on patients perspectives in surgical care, but there is a paucity of studies about the personnels perspective of estimated patient involvement in surgical care. Aim The aim of this study was to identify and describe healthcare personnels view and behaviour regarding patient involvement in surgical care. Method A quantitative study with various professions was conducted. A validated questionnaire was used, remaining questions grouped under following areas: patient involvement, acute phase, hospital time, discharge phase and questions on employment and workplace. Results A total of 140 questionnaires were sent out to a surgical clinic in Sweden, and 102 questionnaires were answered. All professionals stated that clear information is an important part of patient involvement in surgical care. Statistically significant differences existed between the professions in the subscale information. Physicians rated their information higher than the Registered Nurses (p = 0.005) and the practical nurses did (p = 0.001). Hindrances to involving patients were lack of time and other priority tasks. Conclusions Professionals in surgical care graded information to be the most important thing for patient involvement. Participation in important decisions, including the possibility to express personal views and ask questions, is important factors for patient involvement. Barriers against patient involvement are lack of time and prioritisation of other work activities.
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17.
  • Andrén, Mats, et al. (författare)
  • Att lära sig språk
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144083391
  • Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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18.
  • Arvidsson, Anna, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Formation of calcium phosphates on titanium implants with four different bioactive surface preparations. An in vitro study
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-4530 .- 1573-4838. ; 18:10, s. 1945-1954
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the present study was to compare the nucleating and growing behaviour on four types of bioactive surfaces by using the simulated body fluid (SBF) model. Titanium discs were blasted and then prepared by alkali and heat treatment, anodic oxidation, fluoridation, or hydroxyapatite coating. The discs were immersed in SBF for 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Calcium phosphates were found on all specimens, as analysed with scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). After 1 and 2 weeks of SBF immersion more titanium was accessible with SEM/EDX on the blasted surfaces than the four bioactive surface types, indicating a difference in coverage by calcium phosphates. The Ca/P mean ratio of the surfaces was approximately 1.5 after 1 week, in contrast to the fluoridated specimens which displayed a Ca/P mean ratio of approximately 2. Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) analyses showed the presence of hydroxyapatite on all types of surfaces after 4 and 6 weeks of immersion. The samples immersed for 6 weeks showed a higher degree of crystallinity than the samples immersed for 4 weeks. In conclusion, differences appeared at the early SBF immersion times of 1 and 2 weeks between controls and bioactive surface types, as well as between different bioactive surface types.
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19.
  • Barkarmo, Sargon, et al. (författare)
  • Enhanced bone healing around nanohydroxyapatite-coated polyetheretherketone implants : An experimental study in rabbit bone
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of biomaterials applications. - : Sage Publications. - 0885-3282 .- 1530-8022. ; 29:5, s. 737-747
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To investigate the bone response to threaded polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants coated with nanohydroxyapatite. Materials and methods: A total of 39 PEEK implants were coated with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and 39 uncoated implants were used as controls. The implant surface was characterized by optical interferometry and scanning electron microscope. The implants were inserted in the tibia and femur of 13 rabbits. After 6 weeks of healing, quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. Results: The test implants showed significantly higher removal torque test values compared with the control group. Histomorphometric evaluation demonstrated higher bone-to-implant contact for the test implants; however, there were no differences in bone area between the groups. Qualitative histological analyses demonstrated inflammatory cellular reactions in close vicinity of both implant surfaces. A two-cell layer of foreign body giant cells was observed irrespective of sample type. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that implants with a threaded design render good stability to PEEK in both coated and uncoated implants. Nanohydroxyapatite-coated PEEK implants demonstrated improved bone formation compared with uncoated controls.
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20.
  • Beckman, Victoria, et al. (författare)
  • Zircon growth during progressive recrystallization of Gabbro to Garnet Amphibolite, Eastern Segment, Sveconorwegian orogen
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Petrology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-3530 .- 1460-2415. ; 58:1, s. 167-188
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The interpretation of whether a dated metamorphic zircon generation grew during the prograde, peak or retrograde stage of a metamorphic cycle is critical to geological interpretation. This study documents a case at Herrestad, in the eastern part of the 1±0 Ga Sveconorwegian Province, involving progressive metamorphic recrystallization of gabbro to garnet amphibolite and associated behaviour of Zr-bearing minerals. In this case, textures show that baddeleyite is by far the main source of Zr for metamorphic zircon growth. The amount of metamorphic zircon formed was primarily controlled by the degree of metamorphic recrystallization, which in turn was controlled by deformation and the presence of a fluid as a transport medium. Zircon in the Herrestad rocks shows a range of morphologies and internal textures at different degrees of metamorphic recrystallization. Igneous zircon occurs together with baddeleyite in coarse-grained olivine-free facies of the gabbro. Metamorphic polycrystalline zircon rims on baddeleyite and minute (<5 μm) bead-like zircon grains at Fe-Ti oxide boundaries characterize the transition to coronitic metagabbro. With increasing metamorphic recrystallization, polycrystalline zircon rims grow at the expense of baddeleyite and the amount of minute bead-like zircon increases, forming strings of zircon beads with increasing distance from Fe-Ti oxide grains. The progressive breakdown of baddeleyite results in polycrystalline zircon aggregates that become denser and finally form single grains in completely recrystallized garnet amphibolite. Late magmatic zircon crystallized at 156765 Ma, whereas metamorphic zircon dates amphibolite-facies metamorphic recrystallization at 97067 Ma. The Herrestad case illustrates a general rule that the bulk Zr budget in originally baddeleyite-bearing rocks will rapidly become locked into metamorphic zircon during the first event of metamorphic recrystallization, when silica and Zr are released from the igneous minerals. Incomplete metamorphic recrystallization and partial preservation of baddeleyite, however, also allows later stages of zircon formation. Thus, in incompletely reacted rocks the final result may be highly complex with microscale zircon of several age generations.
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21.
  • Blom, Victoria, et al. (författare)
  • Lifestyle Habits and Mental Health in Light of the Two COVID-19 Pandemic Waves in Sweden, 2020
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 18:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The COVID-19 pandemic has become a public health emergency of international concern, which may have affected lifestyle habits and mental health. Based on national health profile assessments, this study investigated perceived changes of lifestyle habits in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and associations between perceived lifestyle changes and mental health in Swedish working adults. Among 5599 individuals (50% women, 46.3 years), the majority reported no change (sitting 77%, daily physical activity 71%, exercise 69%, diet 87%, alcohol 90%, and smoking 97%) due to the pandemic. Changes were more pronounced during the first wave (April-June) compared to the second (October-December). Women, individuals <60 years, those with a university degree, white-collar workers, and those with unhealthy lifestyle habits at baseline had higher odds of changing lifestyle habits compared to their counterparts. Negative changes in lifestyle habits and more time in a mentally passive state sitting at home were associated with higher odds of mental ill-health (including health anxiety regarding one's own and relatives' health, generalized anxiety and depression symptoms, and concerns regarding employment and economy). The results emphasize the need to support healthy lifestyle habits to strengthen the resilience in vulnerable groups of individuals to future viral pandemics and prevent health inequalities in society.
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22.
  • Blom, Victoria, et al. (författare)
  • Self-Reported General Health, Overall and Work-Related Stress, Loneliness, and Sleeping Problems in 335,625 Swedish Adults from 2000 to 2016.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The prevalence of poor health, in particular stress-related mental ill-health, is increasing over time and birth cohorts. As rapid societal changes have occurred in the last decade and still are occurring, there is an interest in investigating the trends in health-related factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate trends in self-reported general health, overall stress, work-related stress, feelings of loneliness, and sleeping problems in 335,625 Swedish adults across categories of gender, geographic regions, length of education, and age from 2000 to 2016. On population level, sleeping problems and poor general health have increased markedly and significantly, while experiences of work stress decreased between 2000 and 2016 (p < 0.05). Overall stress and level of loneliness were unchanged (p > 0.05). The risk of having ≥3 symptoms (any of poor or very poor general health, often or very often perceived overall stress, loneliness, or sleeping problems) has increased significantly from 2000 to 2016 (ß = 1034 (1027-1040)). This increase was significantly higher in young (ß = 1052 (1038-1065)) and individuals with lower education (ß = 1056 (1037-1076)) compared to older and high length of education.
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23.
  • Bonagas, Nadilly, et al. (författare)
  • Pharmacological targeting of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inducing thymidine depletion and replication stress
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: NATURE CANCER. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-1347. ; 3:2, s. 156-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The folate metabolism enzyme MTHFD2 (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase) is consistently overexpressed in cancer but its roles are not fully characterized, and current candidate inhibitors have limited potency for clinical development. In the present study, we demonstrate a role for MTHFD2 in DNA replication and genomic stability in cancer cells, and perform a drug screen to identify potent and selective nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitors; protein cocrystal structures demonstrated binding to the active site of MTHFD2 and target engagement. MTHFD2 inhibitors reduced replication fork speed and induced replication stress followed by S-phase arrest and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, with a therapeutic window spanning four orders of magnitude compared with nontumorigenic cells. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 inhibitors prevented thymidine production leading to misincorporation of uracil into DNA and replication stress. Overall, these results demonstrate a functional link between MTHFD2-dependent cancer metabolism and replication stress that can be exploited therapeutically with this new class of inhibitors. Helleday and colleagues describe a nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitor that causes replication stress and DNA damage accumulation in cancer cells via thymidine depletion, demonstrating a potential therapeutic strategy in AML tumors in vivo.
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24.
  • Chirambo, Griphin Baxter, et al. (författare)
  • Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Community Case Management on the Urgent Referral, Reconsultation, and Hospitalization of Children Aged Under 5 Years in Malawi : Cluster-Randomized, Stepped-Wedge Trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 23:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Integrated community case management (CCM) has led to reductions in child mortality in Malawi resulting from illnesses such as malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea. However, adherence to CCM guidelines is often poor, potentially leading to inappropriate clinical decisions and poor outcomes. We determined the impact of an e-CCM app on the referral, reconsultation, and hospitalization rates of children presenting to village clinics in Malawi.OBJECTIVE: We determined the impact of an electronic version of a smartphone-based CCM (e-CCM) app on the referral, reconsultation, and hospitalization rates of children presenting to village clinics in Malawi.METHODS: We used a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial to compare paper-based CCM (control) with and without the use of an e-CCM app on smartphones from November 2016 to February 2017. A total of 102 village clinics from 2 districts in northern Malawi were assigned to 1 of 6 clusters, which were randomized on the sequencing of the crossover from the control phase to the intervention phase as well as the duration of exposure in each phase. Children aged ≥2 months to <5 years who presented with acute illness were enrolled consecutively by health surveillance assistants. The primary outcome of urgent referrals to higher-level facilities was evaluated by using multilevel mixed effects models. A logistic regression model with the random effects of the cluster and the fixed effects for each step was fitted. The adjustment for potential confounders included baseline factors, such as patient age, sex, and the geographical location of the village clinics. Calendar time was adjusted for in the analysis.RESULTS: A total of 6965 children were recruited-49.11% (3421/6965) in the control phase and 50.88% (3544/6965) in the intervention phase. After adjusting for calendar time, children in the intervention phase were more likely to be urgently referred to a higher-level health facility than children in the control phase (odds ratio [OR] 2.02, 95% CI 1.27-3.23; P=.003). Overall, children in the intervention arm had lower odds of attending a repeat health surveillance assistant consultation (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34-0.59; P<.001) or being admitted to a hospital (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.90; P=.002), but after adjusting for time, these differences were not significant (P=.07 for consultation; P=.30 for hospital admission).CONCLUSIONS: The addition of e-CCM decision support by using smartphones led to a greater proportion of children being referred to higher-level facilities, with no apparent increase in hospital admissions or repeat consultations in village clinics. Our findings provide support for the implementation of e-CCM tools in Malawi and other low- and middle-income countries with a need for ongoing assessments of effectiveness and integration with national digital health strategies.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02763345; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02763345.
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25.
  • Chirambo, Griphin Baxter, et al. (författare)
  • End-user perspectives of two mHealth decision support tools : Electronic Community Case Management in Northern Malawi
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-5056 .- 1872-8243. ; 145
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The introduction of a paper-based Community Case Management (CCM) in Malawi has contributed to a reduction of child morbidity and mortality rates. In addition, the introduction of electronic Community Case Management (eCCM) (smartphones with built in CCM apps) may help to reduce the under-five mortality rates even further. Purpose: It is not uncommon for Apps with a similar area of interest to develop different features to assist the end users. Such differences between Apps may have a significant role to play in its overall adoption and integration. The purpose of this research was to explore end users perspectives of two eCCM decision support tools developed and implemented by the Supporting LIFE project (SL eCCM App) and D-Tree International's (Mangologic eCCM App)in Northern Malawi. Methods: A mixed methods approach was applied, involving a survey of 109 users (106 Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs), and 3 Integrated Management of Childhood Il6lnesses (IMCI) coordinators). This was followed up with semi-structured interviews with 34 respondents (31 HSAs, and 3 IMCI coordinators). Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 where descriptive statistics and Chi-Squared tests were generated. Qualitative data were analyzed based on thematic analysis. Results: Participants reported that both Apps could assist the HSAs in the management of childhood illnesses. However, usability differed between the two apps where the Supporting LIFE eCCM App was found to be easier to use (61%) compared to the Mangologic eCCM App (4%). Both Apps were perceived to provide credible and accurate information. Conclusion: It is essential that the quality of the data within Mobile Health (mHealth) Apps is high, however even Apps with excellent levels of data quality may not succeed if the overall usability of the App is low. Therefore it is essential that the Apps has high levels of data quality, usability and credibility. The results of this study will help inform mobile Health (mHealth) App designers in developing future eCCM Apps as well as researchers and policy makers when considering the adoption of mHealth solutions in the future in Malawi and other LMICs.
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26.
  • Chirambo, Griphin Baxter, et al. (författare)
  • Perceptions of a mobile health intervention for Community Case Management in Malawi : Opportunities and challenges for Health Surveillance Assistants in a community setting
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Malawi Medical Journal. - : African journals online (AJOL). - 1995-7262 .- 1995-7270. ; 30:1, s. 6-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Improved availability of mobile phones in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) offer an opportunity to improve delivery of Community Case Management (CCM). Despite enthusiasm for introducing mHealth into healthcare across LMICs, end-user attitudes towards mHealth solutions for CCM are limited. We aimed to explore Health Surveillance Assistants' (HSAs) perceptions of the Supporting LIFE electronic CCM Application (SL eCCM App) and their experiences incorporating it as part of their clinical practice.Methods: This exploratory qualitative study was part of a mixed methods feasibility study investigating whether children under-5 presenting to village clinics could be followed-up to collect patient outcome data. The convenience sample of 12 HSAs enrolled into the feasibility study participated in semi-structured interviews, which were conducted at village clinics after HSAs had field-tested the SL eCCM App over a 10-day period. Interviews explored HSAs perceptions of the SL eCCM App and their experiences in using the App in addition to paper CCM to assess and treat acutely unwell children. Open coding was used to label emerging concepts, which were iteratively defined and developed into six key themes.Results: HSAs' perceived enhanced clinical decision-making, quality of CCM delivery, and work efficiency as opportunities associated with using the SL eCCM App. HSAs believed the inability to retrieve patient records,, cumbersome duplicate assessments/data entry study procedures, and inconsistencies between the SL eCCM App and paper-based CCM guidelines as challenges to implementation. Adding features to the App, such as, permitting communication between colleagues/supervisors, drug stock-out reporting, and community assessments, were identified as potentially supporting HSAs' many roles in the community.Conclusion: This study identified opportunities and challenges associated with using the SL eCCM App in Malawi. This information can be used to inform future development and evaluation of the SL eCCM App, and similar mHealth solutions for CCM in Malawi and other developing countries.
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27.
  • Dharmayat, Kanika I, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainability of 'mHealth' interventions in sub- Saharan Africa : a stakeholder analysis of an electronic community case management project in Malawi
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Malawi Medical Journal. - : African journals online (AJOL). - 1995-7262 .- 1995-7270. ; 31:3, s. 177-183
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The global health community and funding agencies are currently engaged in ensuring that worthwhile research-based programmes are sustainable. Despite its importance, few studies have analysed the sustainability of global health interventions. In this paper, we aim to explore barriers and facilitators for the wider implementation and sustainability of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention (Supporting LIFE Community Case Management programme) in Malawi, Africa.Methods: Between January and March 2017, a qualitative approach was used to carry out and analyse 13 in-depth semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders across all levels of healthcare provision in Malawi to explore their perceptions with regards to the implementation and sustainability of the mHealth programme. Data were analysed thematically by two reviewers.Results: Overall, our analysis found that the programme was successful in achieving its goals. However, there are many challenges to the wider implementation and sustainability of this programme, including the absence of monetary resources, limited visibility outside the healthcare sector, the lack of integration with community-based and nationwide programmes, services and information and communication technologies, and the limited local capacity in relation to the maintenance, further development, and management.Conclusions: Future developments should be aligned with the strategic goals and interests of the Ministry of Health and engage with national and international stakeholders to develop shared goals and strategies for nationwide scale-up. These developments should also focus on building local capacity by educating trainers and ensuring that training methods and guidelines are appropriately accredited based on national policies. Our findings provide a framework for a variety of stakeholders who are engaged in sustaining mHealth programmes in resource-poor settings and can be used to develop an evidence-based policy for the utilization of technology for healthcare delivery across developing countries.
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28.
  • Dima, Danai, et al. (författare)
  • Subcortical volumes across the lifespan : Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 452-469
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
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29.
  • Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Cardiorespiratory fitness and lifestyle on severe COVID-19 risk in 279,455 adults: a case control study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 18:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and other lifestyle-related factors on severe COVID-19 risk is understudied. The present study aims to investigate lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors as possible predictors of COVID-19, with special focus on CRF, and to further study whether these factors may attenuate obesity- and hypertension-related risks, as well as mediate associations between socioeconomic factors and severe COVID-19 risk. Methods Out of initially 407,131 participants who participated in nationwide occupational health service screening between 1992 and 2020, n = 857 cases (70% men, mean age 49.9 years) of severe COVID-19 were identified. CRF was estimated using a sub-maximum cycle test, and other lifestyle variables were self-reported. Analyses were performed including both unmatched, n = 278,598, and sex-and age-matched, n = 3426, controls. Severe COVID-19 included hospitalization, intensive care or death due to COVID-19. Results Patients with more severe COVID-19 had significantly lower CRF, higher BMI, a greater presence of comorbidities and were more often daily smokers. In matched analyses, there was a graded decrease in odds for severe COVID-19 with each ml in CRF (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.970 to 0.998), and a two-fold increase in odds between the lowest and highest (< 32 vs. >= 46 ml center dot min(-1)center dot kg(-1)) CRF group. Higher BMI (per unit increase, OR = 1.09, 1.06 to 1.12), larger waist circumference (per cm, OR = 1.04, 1.02 to 1.06), daily smoking (OR = 0.60, 0.41 to 0.89) and high overall stress (OR = 1.36, 1.001 to 1.84) also remained significantly associated with severe COVID-19 risk. Obesity- and blood pressure-related risks were attenuated by adjustment for CRF and lifestyle variables. Mediation through CRF, BMI and smoking accounted for 9% to 54% of the associations between low education, low income and blue collar/low skilled occupations and severe COVID-19 risk. The results were consistent using either matched or unmatched controls. Conclusions Both lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors were associated with risk of severe COVID-19. However, higher CRF attenuated the risk associated with obesity and high blood pressure, and mediated the risk associated with various socioeconomic factors. This emphasises the importance of interventions to maintain or increase CRF in the general population to strengthen the resilience to severe COVID-19, especially in high-risk individuals.
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30.
  •  
31.
  • Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Sex- and age-specific associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality in 266.109 adults
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 127
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim was to investigate sex- and age-specific associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity. 266.109 participants (47% women, 18-74 years) free from CVD, participating in occupational health service screenings in 1995-2015 were included. CRF was assessed as estimated maximal oxygen consumption (estVO(2)max) using a submaximal cycle test. Incident cases of first-time CVD event and death from any cause were ascertained through national registers. There were 4244 CVD events and 2750 cases of all-cause mortality during mean 7.6 years follow-up. Male gender, higher age and lower estVO(2)max were associated with higher all-cause mortality and CVD morbidity incidence rates. Risk reductions with increasing estVO(2)max were present in all age-groups of men and women. No obvious levelling off in risk was identified in the total cohort. However, women and older age-groups showed no further reduction in higher aggregated estVO(2)max levels. CVD specific mortality was more associated with estVO(2)max compared to tumor specific mortality. The risk for all-cause mortality and CVD morbidity decreased by 2.3% and 2.6% per increase in 1 ml.min(-) (1).kg(-1) with no significant sex-differences but more pronounced in the three lower estVO(2)max categories for all-cause mortality (9.1%, 3.8% and 3.3%, respectively). High compared to lower levels of estVO(2)max was not related to a significantly elevated mortality or morbidity. In this large cohort study, CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality were inversely related to estVO(2)max in both men and women of all age-groups. Increasing cardiorespiratory fitness is a clear public health priority.
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32.
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33.
  • Ekström, Elin, et al. (författare)
  • Methylation and loss of secreted frizzled-related protein 3 enhances melanoma cell migration and invasion.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Wnt signaling is important in development and can also contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. The Secreted Frizzled Related Proteins (SFRPs) constitute a family of Wnt modulators, crucial for controlling Wnt signaling. Here we investigate the expression and role of SFRP3 in melanoma.
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34.
  • Elgmark Andersson, Elisabeth, 1958-, et al. (författare)
  • Mild traumatic brain injuries in children between 0-16 years of age : A survey of activities and places when an accident occurs
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Developmental Neurorehabilitation. - : Informa Healtcare. - 1751-8423 .- 1751-8431. ; 15:1, s. 26-30
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective:The aim of this study was to identify what activities cause most mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) among boys and girls between 0–16 years of age.Methods:Based on a randomized controlled study, a retrospective analysis was conducted among 765 children.Result:The most common causes of injury were falls from a height and falls from the same level. The most common place where the accident occurred was at ‘home’ followed by ‘pre-school/school’. The highest incidence was ‘play’ followed by ‘hit by another person’, thereafter ‘baby nursing’. Boys are more often injured than girls, but with no difference between boys and girls in terms of which activities that cause MTBI.Conclusion:Supervision during play at home as well as better designed schoolyards and playgrounds are required to prevent accidents. Furthermore, well-documented medical records are necessary to identify activities causing MTBI among children. 
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35.
  • Franckhauser, S., et al. (författare)
  • Overexpression of Il6 leads to hyperinsulinaemia, liver inflammation and reduced body weight in mice
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 51:7, s. 1306-16
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: IL-6 is released by the adipose tissue and increased circulating levels in obesity are associated with hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance. Short-term experiments suggest that increased IL-6 release by the skeletal muscle following exercise may improve insulin sensitivity. METHODS: In order to examine the effect of chronically elevated IL-6 levels, we overexpressed Il6 in skeletal muscle in mice using an electro-transfer procedure. RESULTS: Circulating IL-6 levels were increased and the animals rapidly lost both weight and body fat, but food intake was unchanged, which is consistent with the finding that IL-6 increased energy expenditure. Insulin levels were inappropriately elevated and combined with hypoglycaemia in spite of reduced 2-deoxy-D: -glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscles ex vivo was reduced, probably due to the decreased amounts of glucose transporter (GLUT)-4. Beta cell insulin content was increased, while apparent beta cell mass was unchanged. Circulating serum amyloid A cluster levels were increased tenfold due to a pronounced proinflammatory state in the liver with infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, no liver steatosis was found, which may be accounted for by concomitant AMP kinase activation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Chronically elevated IL-6 levels lead to inappropriate hyperinsulinaemia, reduced body weight, impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by the skeletal muscles and marked inflammation in the liver. Thus, the pleiotrophic effects of chronically elevated IL-6 levels preclude any obvious usefulness in treating obesity or its associated metabolic complications in man, despite the fact that weight reduction may be expected.
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36.
  • Frangou, Sophia, et al. (författare)
  • Cortical thickness across the lifespan : Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 431-451
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.
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37.
  • Franke Stenport, Victoria, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Precipitation of calcium phosphate in the presence of albumin on titanium implants with four different possibly bioactive surface preparations. An in vitro study
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-4530 .- 1573-4838. ; 19:12, s. 3497-3505
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the present study was to compare the nucleating behaviour on four types of bioactive surfaces by using the simulated body fluid (SBF) model with the presence albumin. Titanium discs were blasted (B) and then prepared by alkali and heat treatment (AH), anodic oxidation (AO), fluoridation (F), or hydroxyapatite coating (HA). The discs were immersed in SBF with 4.5 mg/ml albumin for 3 days, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks and analysed with scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Topographic surface characterisation was performed with a contact stylus profilometer. The results demonstrated that the bioactive surfaces initiated an enhanced calcium phosphate (CaP) formation and a more rapid increase of protein content was present on the bioactive surfaces compared to the blasted control surface. The observation was present on all bioactive surfaces. The fact that there was a difference between the bioactive surfaces and the blasted control surface with respect to precipitation of CaP and protein content on the surfaces support the fact that there may be biochemical advantages in vivo by using a bioactive surface.
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38.
  • Fröjd, Victoria, 1986, et al. (författare)
  • In situ analysis of multispecies biofilm formation on customized titanium surfaces
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Molecular Oral Microbiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2041-1006 .- 2041-1014. ; 26:4, s. 241-252
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many studies to identify surfaces that enhance the incorporation of dental implants into bone and soft-tissue have been undertaken previously. However, to succeed in the clinical situation, an implant surface must not support development of microbial biofilms with a pathogenic potential. As a first step in investigating this, we used two-species and three-species biofilm models with 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine the effect of surface characteristics on biofilm formation by species that can colonize titanium implants in vivo: Streptococcus sanguinis, Actinomyces naeslundii and Lactobacillus salivarius. Surfaces blasted with Al(2) O(3) (S(a) = 1.0-2.0 μm) showed a seven-fold higher bacterial adhesion after 2 h than turned surfaces (S(a) = 0.18 μm) whereas porous surfaces, generated by anodic oxidation (S(a) = 0.4 μm), showed four-fold greater adhesion than turned surfaces. Hence, increased roughness promoted adhesion, most likely through protection of bacteria from shear forces. Chemical modification of the blasted and oxidized surfaces by incorporation of Ca(2+) ions reduced adhesion compared with the corresponding non-modified surfaces. After 14 h, biofilm growth occurred in the three-species model but not in the two-species consortium (containing S. sanguinis and A. naeslundii only). The biofilm biovolume on all surfaces was similar, suggesting that the influence of surface characteristics on adhesion was compensated for by biofilm development.
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39.
  • Goodyear, Victoria, et al. (författare)
  • #Skinny girls : young girls' learning processes and health-related social media
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health. - : Routledge. - 2159-676X .- 2159-6778. ; 14:1, s. 1-18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper provides in-depth knowledge into young girls' learning processes in relation to physical activity, diet/nutrition and body image. Data were generated from interviews with 49 girls (age 13-15) in England. The practical epistemological analysis technique was used to explore young people as both producers and consumers, or prosumers, of content and knowledge. The data illustrate that adolescent girls navigate two interrelated health-related paradoxes within publicly private spaces: (i) skinny fat and (ii) naturally fake. Skinny fat refers to how participation in social media represents a continuous struggle of becoming skinny, but at the same time not trying too hard to become too skinny. Naturally fake refers to how having a 'natural' look is highly valued, but equally, it is acceptable to be 'fake'. Overall, adolescent girls are competent users of social media, who are able to navigate the complexity of the medium and its contents. At the same time, the adolescent girls sometimes found themselves, unintentionally, exposed to risks (e.g. bullying or body dysmorphia), particularly when social media was experienced publicly in a temporal order, connected to the past or present, and without control of potential future effects and impacts. Relevant adults should acknowledge young people's vast competence of life on social media and further empower young people to self-regulate their learning through social media, and in ways that help them to learn from experiences about their health and bodies to shape future actions.
  •  
40.
  • Goodyear, Victoria, et al. (författare)
  • #Skinny girls : young girls’ learning processes and health-related social media
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2159-676X .- 2159-6778. ; :1, s. 1-18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper provides in-depth knowledge into young girls’ learning processes in relation to physical activity, diet/nutrition and body image. Data were generated from interviews with 49 girls (age 13–15) in England. The practical epistemological analysis technique was used to explore young people as both producers and consumers, or prosumers, of content and knowledge. The data illustrate that adolescent girls navigate two interrelated health-related paradoxes within publicly private spaces: (i) skinny fat and (ii) naturally fake. Skinny fat refers to how participation in social media represents a continuous struggle of becoming skinny, but at the same time not trying too hard to become too skinny. Naturally fake refers to how having a ‘natural’ look is highly valued, but equally, it is acceptable to be ‘fake’. Overall, adolescent girls are competent users of social media, who are able to navigate the complexity of the medium and its contents. At the same time, the adolescent girls sometimes found themselves, unintentionally, exposed to risks (e.g. bullying or body dysmorphia), particularly when social media was experienced publicly in a temporal order, connected to the past or present, and without control of potential future effects and impacts. Relevant adults should acknowledge young people’s vast competence of life on social media and further empower young people to self-regulate their learning through social media, and in ways that help them to learn from experiences about their health and bodies to shape future actions. 
  •  
41.
  • Hallgren, Mats, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of acute exercise on craving, mood and anxiety in non-treatment seeking adults with alcohol use disorder : An exploratory study.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 220
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Exercise is increasingly being used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). We examined the short-term effects of acute exercise on alcohol craving, mood states and state anxiety in physically inactive, non-treatment seeking adults with AUD.METHODS: Exploratory, single-arm study. In total, 140 adults with AUD (53.7 ± 11.8 years; 70 % female) were included in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to study effects of physical activity on alcohol consumption. This acute exercise study was nested within the larger RCT. The intervention was a 12-minute sub-maximal fitness test performed on a cycle ergometer. Participants self-rated their desire for alcohol (DAQ) and completed mood (POMS-Brief) and state anxiety (STAI-Y1) questionnaires 30-minutes before exercise, immediately before, immediately after, and 30-minutes post. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected. Effects of exercise were assessed using RM-ANOVA and dependent sample t-tests with effect sizes (Hedges g).RESULTS: In total, 70.6 % had mild or moderate AUD (DSM-5 criteria = 4.9 ± 2). The intervention was generally perceived as 'strenuous' (RPE = 16.1 ± 1.6). In the total sample, there was a main effect of time with reductions in alcohol craving [F(3,411) = 27.33, p < 0.001], mood disturbance [F(3,411) = 53.44, p < 0.001], and state anxiety [F(3,411) = 3.83, p = 0.013]. Between-group analyses indicated larger magnitude effects in those with severe compared to mild AUD, however, AUD severity did not significantly moderate the within-group improvements: group x time interaction for alcohol craving [F(6,411) = 1.21, p = 0.305]. Positive effects of exercise were maintained 30-minutes post-exercise.CONCLUSION: A short bout of aerobic exercise reduced alcohol craving and improved mood states in adults with AUD.
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42.
  • Hallgren, Mats, et al. (författare)
  • Physical activity as treatment for alcohol use disorders (FitForChange) : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 19:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Help-seeking for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is low and traditional treatments are often perceived as stigmatizing. Physical activity has positive effects on mental and physical health which could benefit this population. We propose to compare the effects of aerobic training, yoga, and usual care for AUDs in physically inactive Swedish adults.METHODS: This is a three-group, parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT). In total, 210 adults (aged 18-75 years) diagnosed with an AUD will be invited to participate in a 12-week intervention. The primary study outcome is alcohol consumption measure by the Timeline Follow-back method and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Secondary outcomes include: depression, anxiety, perceived stress, sleep quality, physical activity levels, fitness, self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, and cognition. Blood samples will be taken to objectively assess heavy drinking, and saliva to measure cortisol. Acute effects of exercise on the urge to drink alcohol, mood, and anxiety will also be assessed.DISCUSSION: The treatment potential for exercise in AUDs is substantial as many individuals with the disorder are physically inactive and have comorbid health problems. The study is the first to assess the effects of physical activity as a stand-alone treatment for AUDs. Considerable attention will be given to optimizing exercise adherence. Both the feasibility and treatment effects of exercise interventions in AUDs will be discussed. The Ethical Review Board (EPN) at Karolinska Institutet has approved the study (DNR: 2017/1380-3).TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register, ID: DRKS00012311. Registered on 26 September 2017.
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43.
  • Hammarstedt, Ann, 1975, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of PPARgamma ligands on the adipose tissue in insulin resistance
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0952-3278. ; 73:1, s. 65-75
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Insulin resistance is frequently accompanied by obesity and both obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with a mild chronic inflammation. Elevated levels of various cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, are typically found in the adipose tissue in these conditions. It has been suggested that many cytokines produced in the adipose tissue are derived from infiltrated inflammatory cells. However, the adipose tissue itself has proven to be an important endocrine organ, secreting several hormones and cytokines, usually referred to as adipokines. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma is essential for adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. In recent years, PPARgamma and its ligands, the thiazolidinediones (TZD), have achieved great attention due to their insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties. Treatment with TZDs result in improved insulin signaling and adipocyte differentiation, increased adipose tissue influx of free fatty acids and inhibition of cytokine expression and action. As a result, PPARgamma plays a central role in maintaining a functional and differentiated adipose tissue.
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44.
  • Hardy, Victoria, et al. (författare)
  • The added value of a mobile application of Community Case Management on referral, re-consultation and hospitalization rates of children aged under 5 years in two districts in Northern Malawi : study protocol for a pragmatic, stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Trials. - : BioMed Central. - 1745-6215. ; 18:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: There is evidence to suggest that frontline community health workers in Malawi are under-referring children to higher-level facilities. Integrating a digitized version of paper-based methods of Community Case Management (CCM) could strengthen delivery, increasing urgent referral rates and preventing unnecessary re-consultations and hospital admissions. This trial aims to evaluate the added value of the Supporting LIFE electronic Community Case Management Application (SL eCCM App) compared to paper-based CCM on urgent referral, re-consultation and hospitalization rates, in two districts in Northern Malawi.METHODS/DESIGN: This is a pragmatic, stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial assessing the added value of the SL eCCM App on urgent referral, re-consultation and hospitalization rates of children aged 2 months and older to up to 5 years, within 7 days of the index visit. One hundred and two health surveillance assistants (HSAs) were stratified into six clusters based on geographical location, and clusters randomized to the timing of crossover to the intervention using simple, computer-generated randomization. Training workshops were conducted prior to the control (paper-CCM) and intervention (paper-CCM + SL eCCM App) in assigned clusters. Neither participants nor study personnel were blinded to allocation. Outcome measures were determined by abstraction of clinical data from patient records 2 weeks after recruitment. A nested qualitative study explored perceptions of adherence to urgent referral recommendations and a cost evaluation determined the financial and time-related costs to caregivers of subsequent health care utilization. The trial was conducted between July 2016 and February 2017.DISCUSSION: This is the first large-scale trial evaluating the value of adding a mobile application of CCM to the assessment of children aged under 5 years. The trial will generate evidence on the potential use of mobile health for CCM in Malawi, and more widely in other low- and middle-income countries.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02763345 . Registered on 3 May 2016.
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45.
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46.
  • Hemmingsson, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence and time trends of overweight, obesity and severe obesity in 447,925 Swedish adults, 1995–2017
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 49:4, s. 377-383
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: The purpose of this research was to describe the current prevalence and historic trends in overweight, obesity and severe obesity in Sweden. Methods: Data on BMI, age, gender, education and geographic region were obtained in n=447,925 Swedish adults through a nationwide screening test (1995?2017). To account for sampling variations, we quantified prevalence estimates and time trends using standardized values (direct method) to all 18?74-year-old Swedes, using nationwide databases. Rates of overweight (BMI ?25 kg/m2), obesity (BMI ?30 kg/m2) and severe obesity (BMI ?35 kg/m2) were calculated across gender, age, education and geographic categories. Years were grouped into two-year sampling periods (except the first period where we used three years) for increased power. We used multivariable logistic regression to quantify independent associations between age, gender, education and region with obesity development and current prevalence rates. Results: In 2016/17 the unstandardized prevalence of overweight, obesity and severe obesity were 55.1%, 16.6% and 4.2%, respectively. Factors associated with a higher obesity prevalence were male gender, older age, lower education and residing in a rural region (all P<0.001). Between 1995 and 2017 the prevalence of severe obesity increased by 153%, compared to obesity (+86%) and overweight (+23%). While there were similar increases in obesity across gender and age groups, people with low education (vs high) and rural areas (vs urban) had a higher prevalence increase (both P<0.001). Conclusions: Rates of overweight, obesity and severe obesity have increased markedly in Swedish adults since 1995. Priority groups for prevention efforts include individuals with low education and those living in rural areas.
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47.
  • Hillerdal, Victoria, et al. (författare)
  • Avidity characterization of genetically engineered T-cells with novel and established approaches
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: BMC Immunology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2172. ; 17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Adoptive transfer of genetically engineered autologous T-cells is becoming a successful therapy for cancer. The avidity of the engineered T-cells is of crucial importance for therapy success. We have in the past cloned a T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes an HLA-A2 (MHC class I)-restricted peptide from the prostate and breast cancer- associated antigen TARP. Herein we perform a side-by-side comparison of the TARP-specific TCR (TARP-TCR) with a newly cloned TCR specific for an HLA-A2-restricted peptide from the cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 antigen. Results: Both CD8(+) T-cells and CD4(+) T-cells transduced with the HLA-A2-restricted TARP-TCR could readily be detected by multimer analysis, indicating that the binding is rather strong, since binding occured also without the CD8 co-receptor of HLA-A2. Not surprisingly, the TARP-TCR, which is directed against a self-antigen, had weaker binding to the HLA-A2/peptide complex than the CMV pp65-specific TCR (pp65-TCR), which is directed against a viral epitope. Higher peptide concentrations were needed to achieve efficient cytokine release and killing of target cells when the TARP- TCR was used. We further introduce the LigandTracer technology to study cell-cell interactions in real time by evaluating the interaction between TCR-engineered T-cells and peptide-pulsed cancer cells. We were able to successfully detect TCR-engineered T-cell binding kinetics to the target cells. We also used the xCELLigence technology to analyzed cell growth of target cells to assess the killing potency of the TCR-engineered T-cells. T-cells transduced with the pp65 - TCR exhibited more pronounced cytotoxicity, being able to kill their targets at both lower effector to target ratios and lower peptide concentrations. Conclusion: The combination of binding assay with functional assays yields data suggesting that TARP- TCR-engineered T-cells bind to their target, but need more antigen stimulation compared to the pp65-TCR to achieve full effector response. Nonetheless, we believe that the TARP- TCR is an attractive candidate for immunotherapy development for prostate and/or breast cancer.
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48.
  • Holmlund, Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • Change in cardiorespiratory fitness on self-rated health : prospective cohort study in 98 718 Swedish adults.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 51:4, s. 542-551
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: To study how change in cardiorespiratory fitness over time is associated with the development of poor self-rated health in healthy Swedish adults, and whether this association varies with sex, age, body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline. A secondary aim was to study the influence of other predictors of self-rated health. Methods: A total of 98,718 participants (45% women, mean age 42.2 years) with two assessments from occupational health service screenings between 1988 and 2019 (mean duration 4.3 years), with good self-rated health at baseline were included. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed as estimated maximal oxygen consumption using submaximal cycle testing. Change in cardiorespiratory fitness was expressed as percentage annual change. Poor self-rated health at follow-up was defined as percieving self-rated health as 'poor' or 'very poor'. Results: A large decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness (⩾-3%) was associated with a 34% higher risk of poor self-rated health compared to maintainers (-1 to +1%) after multi-adjustment including change in body mass index, back/neck pain, stress, exercise habits and sleep quality or sleep problems. The associations for decreasers were stronger with longer follow-up time (>10 years). Preserving, or changing to, risk level for body mass index, back/neck pain, stress, exercise and sleep quality/problems were associated with a higher risk of poor self-rated health. Conclusions: Preserving or increasing cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with a lower risk of poor self-rated health, independently of change in other health-related variables, which may act as a protection against future poor self-rated health. This is of high clinical value, and strategies for maintaining or improving cardiorespiratory fitness have the potential to influence both disease and mortality.
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49.
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50.
  • Ide, Nicole, et al. (författare)
  • People Welcomed This Innovation with Two Hands : A Qualitative Report of an mHealth Intervention for Community Case Management in Malawi.
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Annals of Global Health. - : Ubiquity Press. - 2214-9996. ; 85:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: Community Case Management (CCM) aims to improve health outcomes among children under five with malaria, diarrhea, and pneumonia, but its effectiveness in Malawi is limited by inconsistent standards of delivery characteristic of paper-based interventions. This may lead to negative impacts on child health outcomes and inefficient use of health system resources. This study evaluated the acceptability and impact of the Supporting LIFE Community Case Management App (SL eCCM App) by Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) and caregivers in two districts of Northern Malawi.METHODS: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with HSAs and caregivers as part of a nested study within a larger trial. We used deductive and inductive approaches during data analysis. Relevant constructs were identified from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and combined with emerging concepts from the data. The Framework Method was used to chart and explore data, leading to the development of themes.RESULTS: Seventeen HSAs and 28 caregivers were interviewed. Participants were generally enthusiastic about the SL eCCM App. Nearly all HSAs expressed a preference for the App over routine paper-based CCM. Most HSAs claimed the App was more reliable and less error prone, facilitated more accurate diagnoses and treatment recommendations, and enhanced professional confidence and respect in the community. Some HSAs believed additional features would improve usability of the App, others identified mobile network or electricity shortages as barriers. Not all caregivers understood the purpose of the App, but most welcomed it as a health and technological advancement.CONCLUSION: The SL eCCM App is acceptable to both HSAs and caregivers, and in most cases, preferred, as it was believed to foster improvements in CCM delivery. Our findings suggest that mobile health interventions for CCM, such as the SL eCCM App, may have potential to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of care to children under five.
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