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Sökning: WFRF:(Andreasson Fredrik)

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2.
  • DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • An integrated system for energy-efficient exhaust aftertreatment for heavy-duty vehicles
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319177779 - 9783319177762 ; 1, s. 133-143
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. This chapter presents a unique system approach applied in a joint academic- industrial research programme, E4 Mistra, to attain the goals of high energy efficiency and low emissions in an exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy-duty vehicles. The high energy efficiency is achieved by heat recuperation, onboard hydrogen production for NOx reduction, and by finding new solutions for making the aftertreatment system active at low exhaust temperatures. To reach low particulate emissions, a mechanical filter using a sintered metal powder is developed and coated with catalytic material to improve the soot oxidation efficiency. Low NOx emissions are achieved by an efficient NOx reduction catalyst. The integrated E4 Mistra system comprises four technological advances: thermoelectric (TE) materials for heat recuperation, catalytic reduction of NOx over innovative catalyst substrates using either the onboard diesel or biodiesel, H2 from a high-efficiency fuel reformer, and particulate filtration over a porous metal filter. The TE materials are used in a TE generator (TEG) which converts thermal energy into electricity. The TEG is used to recuperate heat from the exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) circuit of heavy-duty trucks and is expected to generate ~1 kW electric power from 20 kW heat in the exhaust gas. The TEG is integrated in a plate heat exchanger (HEX) designed particularly for this application. Apart from the knowledge and experiences in TEG and heat exchange technologies, a thorough fluid dynamics and TE analysis are performed in this project to understand the governing processes and optimize the system accordingly. The components of the E4 Mistra system are explained in the chapter in addition to test results, which show the system's capacity for H2 production, NOx conversion, particulate matter filtration and soot oxidation, and finally electric power generation via heat recuperation from the exhaust gas using the developed TEG-HEX system.
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3.
  • Hosseini, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Comparative proteomic analysis of hyphae and germinating cysts of Phytophthora pisi and Phytophthora sojae.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Proteomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-3919 .- 1876-7737. ; 117, s. 24-40
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The recently described oomycete pathogen Phytophthora pisi causes root rot on pea and faba bean, while the closely related Phytophthora sojae is the causal agent of soybean root and stem rot. Differences in the pathogenicity factor repertoires that enable the two species to have distinct host specificity towards pea and soybean, were studied using tandem mass spectrometry in a global proteome study of hyphae and germinating cysts in P. pisi and P. sojae. In total 2775 proteins from P. pisi and 2891 proteins from P. sojae were identified. Fifty-eight orthologous proteins were more abundant in germinated cysts of both pathogens and thus identified as candidate proteins for the infective stage. Several of these proteins were associated with lipid transport and metabolism, and energy production. Twenty-three orthologous proteins were more abundant in hyphae of both pathogens and thus identified as candidate proteins for vegetative growth. Proteins uniquely present in germinating cysts of either P. pisi or P. sojae were considered as candidates for species-specific pathogenicity factors that may be involved in host specificity. Among these proteins were serine proteases, membrane transporters and a berberine-like protein. These results significantly expand the knowledge of the expressed proteome in P. pisi and P. sojae.
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4.
  • Abreha, Kibrom Berhe, et al. (författare)
  • Article leaf apoplast of field-grown potato analyzed by quantitative proteomics and activity-based protein profiling
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Multiple biotic and abiotic stresses challenge plants growing in agricultural fields. Most molecular studies have aimed to understand plant responses to challenges under controlled conditions. However, studies on field-grown plants are scarce, limiting application of the findings in agricultural conditions. In this study, we investigated the composition of apoplastic proteomes of potato cultivar Bintje grown under field conditions, i.e., two field sites in June–August across two years and fungicide treated and untreated, using quantitative proteomics, as well as its activity using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP). Samples were clustered and some proteins showed significant intensity and activity differences, based on their field site and sampling time (June–August), indicating differential regulation of certain proteins in response to environmental or developmental factors. Peroxidases, class II chitinases, pectinesterases, and osmotins were among the proteins more abundant later in the growing season (July–August) as compared to early in the season (June). We did not detect significant differences between fungicide Shirlan treated and untreated field samples in two growing seasons. Using ABPP, we showed differential activity of serine hydrolases and β-glycosidases under greenhouse and field conditions and across a growing season. Furthermore, the activity of serine hydrolases and β-glycosidases, including proteins related to biotic stress tolerance, decreased as the season progressed. The generated proteomics data would facilitate further studies aiming at understanding mechanisms of molecular plant physiology in agricultural fields and help applying effective strategies to mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses.
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5.
  • Ali, Ashfaq, et al. (författare)
  • Paranoid potato : phytophthora-resistant genotype shows constitutively activated defense
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Plant Signaling and Behavior. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1559-2316 .- 1559-2324. ; 7:3, s. 400-408
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Phytophthora is the most devastating pathogen of dicot plants. There is a need for resistance sources with different modes of action to counteract the fast evolution of this pathogen. In order to better understand mechanisms of defense against P. infestans, we analyzed several clones of potato. Two of the genotypes tested, Sarpo Mira and SW93-1015, exhibited strong resistance against P. infestans in field trials, whole plant assays and detached leaf assays. The resistant genotypes developed different sizes of hypersensitive response (HR)-related lesions. HR lesions in SW93-1015 were restricted to very small areas, whereas those in Sarpo Mira were similar to those in Solanum demissum, the main source of classical resistance genes. SW93-1015 can be characterized as a cpr (constitutive expressor of PR genes) genotype without spontaneous microscopic or macroscopic HR lesions. This is indicated by constitutive hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production and PR1 (pathogenesis-related protein 1) secretion. SW93-1015 is one of the first plants identified as having classical protein-based induced defense expressed constitutively without any obvious metabolic costs or spontaneous cell death lesions.
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6.
  • Ali, Ashfaq, et al. (författare)
  • Quantitative proteomics and transcriptomics of potato in response to Phytophthora infestans in compatible and incompatible interactions
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: In order to get global molecular understanding of one of the most important crop diseases worldwide, we investigated compatible and incompatible interactions between Phytophthora infestans and potato (Solanum tuberosum). We used the two most field-resistant potato clones under Swedish growing conditions, which have the greatest known local diversity of P. infestans populations, and a reference compatible cultivar. Results: Quantitative label-free proteomics of 51 apoplastic secretome samples (PXD000435) in combination with genome-wide transcript analysis by 42 microarrays (E-MTAB-1515) were used to capture changes in protein abundance and gene expression at 6, 24 and 72 hours after inoculation with P. infestans. To aid mass spectrometry analysis we generated cultivar-specific RNA-seq data (E-MTAB-1712), which increased peptide identifications by 17%. Components induced only during incompatible interactions, which are candidates for hypersensitive response initiation, include a Kunitz-like protease inhibitor, transcription factors and an RCR3-like protein. More secreted proteins had lower abundance in the compatible interaction compared to the incompatible interactions. Based on this observation and because the well-characterized effector-target C14 protease follows this pattern, we suggest 40 putative effector targets. Conclusions: In summary, over 17000 transcripts and 1000 secreted proteins changed in abundance in at least one time point, illustrating the dynamics of plant responses to a hemibiotroph. Half of the differentially abundant proteins showed a corresponding change at the transcript level. Many putative hypersensitive and effector-target proteins were single representatives of large gene families.
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7.
  • Alme, Tomas Nordheim, et al. (författare)
  • Chronic fatigue syndromes: real illnesses that people can recover from
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 41:4, s. 372-376
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Oslo Chronic Fatigue Consortium consists of researchers and clinicians who question the current narrative that chronic fatigue syndromes, including post-covid conditions, are incurable diseases. Instead, we propose an alternative view, based on research, which offers more hope to patients. Whilst we regard the symptoms of these conditions as real, we propose that they are more likely to reflect the brains response to a range of biological, psychological, and social factors, rather than a specific disease process. Possible causes include persistent activation of the neurobiological stress response, accompanied by associated changes in immunological, hormonal, cognitive and behavioural domains. We further propose that the symptoms are more likely to persist if they are perceived as threatening, and all activities that are perceived to worsen them are avoided. We also question the idea that the best way to cope with the illness is by prolonged rest, social isolation, and sensory deprivation.Instead, we propose that recovery is often possible if patients are helped to adopt a less threatening understanding of their symptoms and are supported in a gradual return to normal activities. Finally, we call for a much more open and constructive dialogue about these conditions. This dialogue should include a wider range of views, including those of patients who have recovered from them.
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10.
  • Andreasson, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Age-dependent effects of predation risk on night-time hypothermia in two wintering passerine species
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 189:2, s. 329-337
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Small animals that winter at northern latitudes need to maximize energy intake and minimize energy loss. Many passerine birds use night-time hypothermia to conserve energy. A potential cost of night-time hypothermia with much theoretical (but little empirical) support is increased risk of night-time predation, due to reduced vigilance and lower escape speed in hypothermic birds. This idea has never been tested in the wild. We, therefore, increased perceived predation risk in great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) roosting in nest boxes during cold winter nights to measure any resultant effect on their use of night-time hypothermia. Roosting birds of both species that experienced their first winter were less prone to use hypothermia as an energy-saving strategy at low ambient temperatures when exposed to increased perceived predation risk either via handling (great tits) or via predator scent manipulation (blue tits). However, we did not record such effects in birds that were in their second winter or beyond. Our results suggest that effects of increased predation risk are age- and temperature specific. This could be caused by age-related differences in experience and subsequent risk assessment, or by dominance-related variation in habitat quality between young and old birds. Predation risk could, through its effect on use and depth of night-time hypothermia, be important for total energy management and winter survival for resident birds at northern latitudes.
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11.
  • Andreasson, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Age differences in night-time metabolic rate and body temperature in a small passerine
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0174-1578. ; 190, s. 349-359
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Spending the winter in northern climes with short days and cold ambient temperatures (Ta) can be energetically challenging for small birds that have high metabolic and heat loss rates. Hence, maintaining body temperature (Tb) in Ta below thermoneutrality can be energetically costly for a small bird. We still know little about how increased heat production below thermoneutrality affects the level at which Tb is maintained, and if these patterns are age specific. To test this, we measured subcutaneous body temperature (Ts) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) simultaneously in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) during winter nights in Ta’s ranging from 25 to − 15 °C. RMR increased below the lower critical temperature (LCT, estimated at 14 °C) and was 6% higher in young (birds in their first winter) compared to old birds (birds in their second winter or older). The higher RMR was also mirrored in higher Ts and thermal conductance (C) in young birds, which we suggest could be caused by age differences in plumage quality, likely driven by time constraints during moult. Reduction in nightly predicted Tb was modest and increased again at the coldest ambient temperatures, suggesting that either heat retention or heat production (or both) improved when Ta reached levels which are cold by the standards of birds in our population. Our results show that levels of heat production and Tb can be age specific. Further studies should address age-specific differences on quality, structure, and thermal conductivity of plumage more explicitly, to investigate the role of variation in insulation in age-linked metabolic phenotypes.
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12.
  • Andreasson, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Avian Reproduction in a Warming World
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Weather influences both the distribution and life-history strategies of birds. Temperature ranks amongst the more important weather parameters in this regard since warming springs in temperate and high latitudes and more frequent heat-waves globally have caused major changes in breeding phenology and negatively affected adult and juvenile survival, respectively. Both long-term and stochastic changes in temperature can have fundamental consequences for avian reproduction even when the effects are not lethal, such as via thermal constraints on parental provisioning and chick growth. To date, most of what we know about temperature effects on nestling development and parental effort during reproduction is based on correlative data. In addition, an increasing amount of evidence indicates that temperature change also significantly affects birds that breed in cooler temperate areas, which so far has been somewhat overlooked. Therefore, in this perspective piece, we outline the existing literature on temperature effects on nestling development and parental behavior, with an emphasis on what needs to be done to address the causal effects of temperature change on avian reproduction under climate change. We finish by providing an outlook over future avenues of research, and give suggestions of some specific areas that might be especially promising in developing this field of research.
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13.
  • Andreasson, Fredrik (författare)
  • Avian thermoregulation across age and seasons
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Animals constantly need to relate to prevailing environmental conditions and regulate their body temperature accordingly. Body temperature regulation in birds and mammals is inherently linked to energy expenditure and, thus, thermoregulation is a physiological mechanism that could trade-off with other costly processes, with potential long-term fitness consequences. In this thesis, I studied ecological and physiological sources of variation in body temperature across age and seasons, and how variation in thermoregulatory patterns trade-off with other processes within a life-history framework. More specifically, I studied how thermoregulatory development was affected by early life thermal environment and how body temperature was regulated and maintained outside of thermoneutrality. For this purpose, I used small, hole-nesting, passerine birds both during the nestling stage and as adult birds in winter and during breeding.I found that nest environment affected body temperature regulation, short-term growth and development in nestlings but that there also might be long-term effects on apparent survival. More specifically, growing up in a small brood allowed for investment in both growth and thermoregulatory development, compared to nestlings that grew up in large broods. By experimentally increasing nest temperature I was also able to show that nestlings were well equipped to deal with increased nest temperatures, but that it came with a cost in lower body mass gain, and that increased nest temperatures could potentially have positive effects on long-term survival. While working hard to feed their young, the risk of overheating can constrain parental work rate. By experimentally reducing this constraint, I found that females were able to increase innate immune function while reducing work rate, but without compromising nestling development. In winter, small passerines routinely reduce body temperature during the night, thereby lowering energy expenditure. I found that young birds (in their first winter) had both higher metabolic rate and body temperature during the night compared to old birds (in their second winter or older). Such differences could be related to experience-based variation in assessment of predation risk or age-related differences in plumage quality. I also show that handling birds in winter caused a pronounced decrease in body temperature, highlighting the importance of plumage in maintaining body temperature in the cold for these small birds. Overall, these studies demonstrate the need for including age-effects into studies of thermoregulation and energy management in the cold. I have, for the most part, studied avian thermoregulation outside of thermoneutrality, when additional energy is required to maintain body temperature. Given the current changes to our climate, with an expected increased frequency of extreme weather, studies like these can add important knowledge to our understanding of how animals respond physiologically to such changes and how this, potentially, could shape life-histories.
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14.
  • Andreasson, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Body temperature responses of Great Tits Parus major to handling in the cold
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Ibis. - : Wiley. - 0019-1019 .- 1474-919X. ; 162:3, s. 836-844
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Animals typically respond to stressful stimuli such as handling by increasing core body temperature. However, small birds in cold environments have been found to decrease body temperature (Tb) when handled over longer periods, although there are no data extending beyond the actual handling event in such birds. We therefore measured both the initial Tb decrease during ringing and standardized Tb sampling, and subsequent recovery of Tb after this handling protocol in wild Great Tits Parus major roosting in nestboxes in winter. Birds reduced their Tb by 2.3 °C during c. 4 min of handling. When birds were returned to their nestboxes after handling, Tb decreased by a further 1.9 °C over c. 2 min, reaching a Tb of 34.6 °C before taking 20 min to rewarm to 2.5 °C above their initial Tb. The Tb reduction during handling could be a consequence of increased heat loss rate from disrupted plumage insulation, whereas Tb reduction after handling might reflect reduced heat production. These are important factors to consider when handling small birds in the cold.
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15.
  • Andreasson, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Brood size constrains the development of endothermy in blue tits
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9145 .- 0022-0949. ; 219:14, s. 2212-2219
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Altricial birds are unable to maintain body temperature when exposed to low ambient temperatures during the first days after hatching. Thermoregulatory capacity begins to form as postnatal development progresses, and eventually nestlings become homeothermic. Several factors may influence this development at both the level of the individual and the level of the whole brood, but to our knowledge no studies have focused on the effect of brood size per se on the development of endothermy in individual nestlings. We performed cooling experiments on blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) nestlings in the field, to study how different experimental brood sizes affected the development of endothermy in individual nestlings and the thermal environment experienced by the whole brood in the nest. Nestlings from all experimental brood sizes showed a decrease in cooling rate as they grew older, but birds from reduced broods showed an earlier onset of endothermy compared with nestlings from enlarged and control broods. This difference manifested during early development and gradually disappeared as nestlings grew older. The thermal environment in the nests differed between treatments during nestling development, such that nest temperature in reduced broods was lower than that in enlarged broods during all days and during nights at the end of the experimental period. We suggest that the development of endothermy in blue tit nestlings is not ontogenetically fixed, but instead may vary according to differences in developmental, nutritional and thermal conditions as determined by brood size.
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16.
  • Andréasson, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Category relations and norms of feelings in children's performances of a boyfriend-girlfriend culture
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Discourse Studies. - : Sage Publications. - 1461-4456 .- 1461-7080. ; 25:3, s. 321-341
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study explores how preteen children in everyday interaction mobilize relationship categories to negotiate what counts as appropriate romantic feelings among peers. The analysis draws on ethnomethodological work on membership categorization and conversation analysis, integrated with ethnographic knowledge of children’s social life. Particular attention is on how children make claims of and resist membership in a particular relationship category (that of boyfriend- girlfriend). The sequential analysis shows how category-based claims of ‘liking someone’ and ‘being together,’ indexing a boyfriend-girlfriend relationship, are responded to with resistance and denials. Categorical claims are also turned into public performances of relational pairing invoking the normative character of romantic matchmaking. The findings suggest that norms of feelings play a central role in preteen children’s emotional behavior, and serve as important cultural resources for children to address their emergent concerns regarding peer group relationships.
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  • Andréasson, Fredrik (författare)
  • Collaborative storytelling and hypothetical scenarios about romanticrelationships among middle-school peers
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Research on Children and Social Interaction. - Sheffield : Equinox Publishing. - 2057-5807 .- 2057-5815.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study examines how preteen children negotiate and make sense of romantic relationships and index relational norms and boundaries in collaborative storytelling. The analysis draws upon an interactional approach to storytelling and examines how participants collaboratively describe, reshape, and elaborate hypothetical scenarios. The interactional approach to storytelling is combined with a sequential analysis of membership categorization work to explore how the peers organize their participation in storytelling practices, while invoking categories to negotiate appropriate and inappropriate romantic relationships. The study demonstrates how children use hypothetical scenarios to turn the storytelling into a time machine for moving across time and space, while orienting to gender, social class, and age as central to making sense of romantic relationships in their peer culture.
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18.
  • Andreasson, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Experimental facilitation of heat loss affects work rate and innate immune function in a breeding passerine bird
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9145 .- 0022-0949. ; 223:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The capacity to get rid of excess heat produced during hard work is a possible constraint on parental effort during reproduction [heat dissipation limit (HDL) theory]. We released hard-working blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) from this constraint by experimentally removing ventral plumage. We then assessed whether this changed their reproductive effort (feeding rate and nestling size) and levels of self-maintenance (change in body mass and innate immune function). Feather-clipped females reduced the number of feeding visits and increased levels of constitutive innate immunity compared with unclipped females but did not fledge smaller nestlings. Thus, they increased self-maintenance without compromising current reproductive output. In contrast, feather clipping did not affect the number of feeding visits or innate immune function in males, despite increased heat loss rate. Our results show that analyses of physiological parameters, such as constitutive innate immune function, can be important when trying to understand sources of variation in investment in self-maintenance versus reproductive effort and that risk of overheating can influence innate immune function during reproduction.
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19.
  • Andreasson, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Experimentally increased nest temperature affects body temperature, growth and apparent survival in blue tit nestlings
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Avian Biology. - : Wiley. - 0908-8857. ; 49:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The thermal environment experienced by birds during early postembryonic development may be an important factor shaping growth and survival. However, few studies have directly manipulated nest temperature (T n) during the nestling phase, and none have measured the consequences of experimental heat stress on nestlings’ body temperature (T b). It is therefore not known to what extent any fitness consequences of development in a thermally challenging environment arise as a direct, or indirect, effect of heat stress. We, therefore, studied how experimentally increased T n affected T b in 8–12 d old blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus nestlings, to investigate if increased thermoregulatory demands to maintain normothermic T b influenced nestling growth and apparent long-term survival. Nestlings in heated nest-boxes had significantly higher T b compared to unheated nestlings during most of the experimental period. Yet, despite facing T n  50°C (as measured in the bottom of the nest cup below the nestlings), the highest nestling T b recorded was 43.8°C with nestlings showing evidence of controlled facultative hyperthermia without any increased nestling mortality in heated nests. However, body mass gain was lower in these nestlings compared to nestlings from control nest-boxes. Contrary to our prediction, a larger proportion of nestlings from heated nest-boxes were recaptured during their first winter, or subsequently recruited into the breeding population as first- or second-year breeders. This result should, however, be treated with caution because of low recapture rates. This study highlights the importance of the thermal environment during nestling development, and its role in shaping both growth patterns and possibly also apparent survival.
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22.
  • Andreasson, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Jocular language practices in young boys' performances of romantic relationships within their local peer culture
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Childhood. - : Sage Publications. - 0907-5682 .- 1461-7013. ; 29:4, s. 593-611
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Based on ethnographic fieldwork, we explore how boys use jocular play to perform romantic relationships in their peer culture and construction of masculinities. The analysis combines an ethnomethodological approach to doing gender with poststructuralist-influenced studies on masculinity and boyhood. We demonstrate how the boys - through game-playing, teasing, humorous narration, and ritual insults - do gender while they explore potentially embarrassing romantic experiences. The boys police and produce acceptable heterosexual masculinities while having fun and doing friendship, demonstrating the dynamic and entertaining potentials of performing romantic relationships in jocular peer play.
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23.
  • Andreasson, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Measuring body temperature in birds – the effects of sensor type and placement on estimated temperature and metabolic rate
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - 0022-0949. ; 226:24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several methods are routinely used to measure avian body temperature, but different methods vary in invasiveness. This may cause stress-induced increases in temperature and/or metabolic rate and, hence, overestimation of both parameters. Choosing an adequate temperature measurement method is therefore key to accurately characterizing an animal’s thermal and metabolic phenotype. Using great tits (Parus major) and four common methods with different levels of invasiveness (intraperitoneal, cloacal, subcutaneous, cutaneous), we evaluated the preciseness of body temperature measurements and effects on resting metabolic rate (RMR) over a 40°C range of ambient temperatures. None of the methods caused overestimation or underestimation of RMR compared with un-instrumented birds, and body or skin temperature estimates did not differ between methods in thermoneutrality. However, skin temperature was lower compared with all other methods below thermoneutrality. These results provide empirical guidance for future research that aims to measure body temperature and metabolic rate in small bird models.
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24.
  • Andreasson, Fredrik (författare)
  • Retande, berättelser och kategoriseringar : Om vänskap och kärlek i barns relationsprat
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis focuses on how middle school children organize peer group relationships through various forms of so-called relational talk (Evaldsson, 2007), while they also negotiate and more generally make sense of friendships and romantic relationships. Prior micro-sociological research has demonstrated how children in everyday language practices through, for example, teasing, assessments, and storytelling—articulate and manage social relationships and behaviors, moral views, and shared cultural knowledge, thereby constructing their emerging social worlds (see Goodwin & Kyratzis, 2011, for an overview). Several ethnographic studies have also shown how children in everyday peer group interactions construct gendered cultures, encompassing gender hierarchies and heteronormative ordering, while managing social relationships (Renold, 2005). This study is a continued exploration into these areas, building on ethnographic fieldwork, including participant observations, video recordings, and focus group interviews with friendship groups among children in two fifth grade classes in a Swedish school setting. The analysis draws on an ethnomethodological multimodal interactional approach to talk-in- interaction (Goodwin, 1990), combined with membership categorization work (Stokoe, 2010) and ethnographic knowledge of the local culture (Evaldsson, 2021; Goodwin, 2014).The analysis shows that humor-oriented language practices, such as teasing and joking, function as a resource for children to address potentially sensitive and/or embarrassing aspects of social relationships, where humor and collective laughter work as a de-dramatizing resource while building local peer group relationships (cf. Eder, 1991). Moreover, the results show that children’s way of articulating and making sense of their views on friendship and romance through storytelling, assessments, and jocular play is related to a moral dimension, as they index and negotiate (un)acceptable behaviors. This dimension becomes visible through their invocation and management of membership categorizations, person descriptions, and evaluative comments in their local identity work. Simultaneously, the analysis demonstrates how ethnographic knowledge of children’s social life is central in understanding how wider social dynamics become part of the local peer cultures of preteen children (Evaldsson, 2005a; Goodwin, 2011), especially regarding how the negotiation of local categories and their embedded meanings is related to wider social categorizations of gender, social class, and age. Overall, this thesis demonstrates how children as social actors use a variety of interactional resources (i.e., talk, laughter, loud voices, facial expressions, smiles, and gestures) to organize local peer group relationships, while collectively staging, negotiating, and making sense of both romance and friendship.
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25.
  • Andreasson, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Variation in breeding phenology in response to climate change in two passerine species
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 201:1, s. 279-285
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Increasingly warmer springs have caused phenological shifts in both plants and animals. In birds, it is well established that mean laying date has advanced to match the earlier food peak. We know less about changes in the distribution of egg-laying dates within a population and the environmental variables that determine this variation. This could be an important component of how populations respond to climate change. We, therefore, used laying date and environmental data from 39 years (1983–2021) to determine how climate change affected laying date variation in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) and marsh tits (Poecile palustris), two sympatric passerines with different life histories. Both species advanced mean laying date (0.19–0.24 days per year) and mean laying date showed a negative relationship with maximum spring temperature in both blue and marsh tits. In springs with no clear temperature increase during the critical time window (the time-window in which mean laying date was most sensitive to temperature) start of breeding in blue tits was distributed over a longer part of the season. However, there was no such pattern in marsh tits. Our findings suggest that temperature change, and not necessarily absolute temperature, can shape the variation in breeding phenology in a species-specific manner, possibly linked to variation in life-history strategies. This is an important consideration when predicting how climate change affects timing of breeding within a population.
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26.
  • Andréasson, Kristofer, et al. (författare)
  • S100A8/A9 in bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 70:Suppl. 2
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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27.
  • Andreasson, Mattias, et al. (författare)
  • Project Avatar Developing a Distributed Mobile Phone Game
  • 2006
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Team Avatar, as the members of Project Avatar have come to be known by, is a group of 4th year computer science students at Uppsala University that have been developing a distributed mobile phone game during the fall of 2005. In this paper we describe the general design and environment of the result of Project Avatar - the game Three Crowns.
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28.
  • Andréasson, Sten, et al. (författare)
  • Cone implicit time as a predictor of visual outcome in macular hole surgery.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-702X .- 0721-832X. ; 252:12, s. 1903-1909
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To investigate whether preoperative retinal function measured by full-field ERG and multifocal ERG is correlated to postoperative visual acuity after macular hole surgery.
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29.
  • Backe, Cecilia, et al. (författare)
  • Kadmiumsituationen i Skåne : Delrapport 2 Kadmium inom Höjeåns avrinningsområde – en substansflödesanalys
  • 2003
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • är stort. En analys av flödesschemat visar att det sker en utfasning av kadmium via produktoch avfallsflödet. Kadmium ingår i allt färre nyproducerade varor, och därför blir inflödet avkadmium också allt mindre, medan förbrukningen av äldre produkter som innehållerkadmium leder till att flödet via avfallsflödet fortfarande är relativt stort.Inom jordbrukssektorn tillförs den Skånska åkermarken kadmium bl.a. via handelsgödsel,kalk och rötslam. Atmosfärsdepositionen bidrar också med en betydande mängd kadmium.Tillförseln av kadmium balanseras av bortförseln av kadmium via grödor och markläckage.Vad gäller jordbrukssektorns tillförsel bör det dock påpekas att tack vare minskadekadmiumhalter i handelsgödsel och i rötslam så är skillnaden mellan tillförsel och bortförselnästan ± 0 inom Höjeåns avrinningsområde. Tillskottet av kadmium viaatmosfärsdepositionen gör dock att en upplagring av kadmium i avrinningsområdetfortfarande sker.Det regionala miljömålet om att det inte ska ske någon nettotillförsel av kadmium tilljordbruksmarken i Skåne, utöver tillförsel via luften, ser enligt flödesanalysen ut att kunnauppfyllas.SAMMANFATTNINGMiljöproblemens karaktär ändras över tiden. Från att under 60- och 70-talet dominerats avpunktutsläpp från industrin så utgörs idag en stor del av miljöproblemen om föroreningar ochskadliga ämnen av diffusa emissioner. Myndigheternas miljöövervakning av föroreningarmåste i samma takt ändras för att kunna verka effektivt. Substansflödesanalys ellermaterialflödesanalys är exempel på effektiva verktyg som kan användas för att få en ökadkunskap om och en helhetsbild av föroreningars spridningsvägar och upplagring i samhället.Denna studie är ett försök att via en flödesanalys kartlägga omsättningen av kadmium inomHöjeåns avrinningsområde i sydvästra Skåne. Flödesanalysen har genomförts på uppdrag avLänsstyrelsen i Skåne. Syftet med flödesanalysen är att tjäna som vägledning för framtidamiljöövervakning av kadmium och i det fortsatta miljömålsarbetet inom Skåne län.Kadmium är ett exempel på ett ämne som kan ge betydande konsekvenser för människor ochdjur om halterna i vår omgivning är för höga. Kadmium kan orsaka njurskador och benskörhethos människor och ämnet misstänks också vara cancerframkallande. Kadmium finns naturligti vissa typer av berggrund. Det har använts i stora mängder inom plastindustrin somstabilisator och pigment. Det har använts i industrin till ytbehandling och i legeringar. Idag ärden största användningen förknippad med tillverkning av NiCd- batteri. I Sverige och EUarbetar man för att fasa ut användningen av kadmium för produktionsändamål. Kadmiumförekommer även som förorening i zink och andra mineral. Via handelsgödsel spridskadmium till åkermark eftersom kadmium, i varierande halt, finns som förorening i råfosfatsom är råvara till fosforgödsel.Det största inflödet av kadmium till Höjeåns avrinningsområde sker via produkter, och utgörstill ca 70% av kadmium i NiCd-batterier. De flesta flödena är ett resultat av att kadmium ingåri produkter i låga koncentrationer eller som förorening i råmaterial, som t.ex. ijordbrukssektorns handelsgödsel. Det sker ingen aktiv import av kadmium som råvara tillavrinningsområdet. Kadmiumflödet via atmosfärsdeposition är förhållandevis stort i Skåneoch ca 90% av depositionen kommer från utländska källor. Ytterligare ett betydelsefulltkadmiuminflöde till avrinningsområdet är via bränsle för energi och värmeproduktion.Återvinningen av NiCd-batteri är det klart dominerande utflödet av kadmium från systemet.Allt annat avfall som genereras innanför systemgränserna transporteras också ut frånavrinningsområdet, det finns ingen aktiv avfallsdeponering eller avfallsförbränning inomavrinningsområdet.Utsläppen av kadmium i samband med industriella aktiviteter och via trafiken inomavrinningsområdet är mycket små. Utsläppen av kadmium till Höjeå domineras av flöden fråndagvatten och utgående vatten från avloppsreningsverken (och troligen även en del frånenskilda avlopp som dock inte har kvantifierats i denna studie). Kadmium i slam somuppkommer vid reningsverken används både som jordförbättringsmedel inom jordbruket, ochi olika kommunala planteringar i avrinningsområdet. En del slam exporteras ut frånavrinningsområdet för att deponeras på avfallsupplag eller användas.De stora förråden av kadmium i avrinningsområdet är i nedlagda avfallsupplag och iprodukter. Kadmiumförrådet i avfallsupplagen kommer troligen att bestå under mycket långtid. Utlakningen av kadmium, liksom emissionen till luft, är mycket långsam. Idag ärkadmiumemissionen via lakvatten och biogas försumbar. Det är dock osäkert hur rörlighetenav kadmium i deponier förändras i takt med nedbrytningen. Förrådet av kadmium i produkter
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30.
  • Barth, Henrik, et al. (författare)
  • A cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel (Healaflow(®)) as a novel vitreous substitute
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Graefe's Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. - : Springer. - 0721-832X .- 1435-702X. ; 254:4, s. 697-703
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Vitrectomy requires the substitution of the natural vitreous, as well as tamponading of retinal breaks. Clinically available alternatives such as gas and silicone oil have side effects such as inflammation, secondary glaucoma, cataract, and a need for head posturing. In this study, a hydrogel of cross-linked sodium hyaluronic acid (Healaflow(®)) is evaluated for use as a novel vitreous substitute.Methods: A combined 25-20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with posterior vitreous detachment was performed in the right eye of twelve pigmented rabbits, with subsequent injection of approximately 1 ml Healaflow(®). Clinical evaluation, measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP), and full-field ERG were performed postoperatively. The rabbits were sacrificed at different time-points between 42 and 105 days. After enucleation, the eyes were examined macroscopically, photographed, and prepared for histological examination with routine microscopy and immunohistochemistry.Results: Healaflow(®) was successfully used with standard surgical procedures and remained translucent but did lose most of its viscosity during the postoperative period. One rabbit was lost due to unrelated causes. In two eyes iatrogenic partial retinal detachments were seen, and in two eyes significant cataract developed due to intra-operative complications. ERG-recordings revealed no toxic effect on rod or cone function. Routine microscopy and immunohistochemistry demonstrated normal morphology with some Müller cell activation (up-regulation of glial acidic fibrillary protein, GFAP) compared to unoperated eyes and no significant DNA-fragmentation (TUNEL-assay).Conclusions: Healaflow® did not affect retinal morphology or function negatively during long-term use as a vitreous substitute, making it highly interesting in this setting. An estimated retention time of a few weeks suggests potential for use as a short-term tamponade. Future work will include an increased ratio of cross-linking to prolong the structural integrity of the gel.
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31.
  • Bengtsson, Therese, et al. (författare)
  • Proteomics and transcriptomics of the BABA-induced resistance response in potato using a novel functional annotation approach
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Induced resistance (IR) can be part of a sustainable plant protection strategy against important plant diseases. beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) can induce resistance in a wide range of plants against several types of pathogens, including potato infected with Phytophthora infestans. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this are unclear and seem to be dependent on the system studied. To elucidate the defence responses activated by BABA in potato, a genome-wide transcript microarray analysis in combination with label-free quantitative proteomics analysis of the apoplast secretome were performed two days after treatment of the leaf canopy with BABA at two concentrations, 1 and 10 mM. Results: Over 5000 transcripts were differentially expressed and over 90 secretome proteins changed in abundance indicating a massive activation of defence mechanisms with 10 mM BABA, the concentration effective against late blight disease. To aid analysis, we present a more comprehensive functional annotation of the microarray probes and gene models by retrieving information from orthologous gene families across 26 sequenced plant genomes. The new annotation provided GO terms to 8616 previously un-annotated probes. Conclusions: BABA at 10 mM affected several processes related to plant hormones and amino acid metabolism. A major accumulation of PR proteins was also evident, and in the mevalonate pathway, genes involved in sterol biosynthesis were down-regulated, whereas several enzymes involved in the sesquiterpene phytoalexin biosynthesis were up-regulated. Interestingly, abscisic acid (ABA) responsive genes were not as clearly regulated by BABA in potato as previously reported in Arabidopsis. Together these findings provide candidates and markers for improved resistance in potato, one of the most important crops in the world.
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32.
  • Bilén, Anna-Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Miljökvalitetsmålen 2016 : Årlig uppföljning av miljökvalitetsmålen
  • 2016
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I Blekinge bedöms inte något miljökvalitetsmål vara möjligt att nå till år 2020. För att kunna lämna över ett hållbart samhälle till nästa generation krävs förebyggande arbete, ef?????????????????r. Ambitionerna måste öka och miljöfrågorna prioriteras högre på den politiska agendan.De mål som rör biologisk mångfald och bevarande av kulturmiljö följer enneutral eller negativ trend. I odlingslandskapet leder färre lantbrukare ochbrist på betesdjur till igenväxning av hagmarker. Livsmiljöer försvinner och????????????????????????????????????????,främst möte insekter.För att god ekologisk status ska uppnås i vattendragen behövs ny vattenlagstiftning och mer resurser för tillsyn. I Blekinges kustvatten är övergödning ett stort miljöproblem och det krävs kraftfulla åtgärder för att minska näringsläckaget. Arbetet med vattenförsörjningsplaner behöver fortsätta för att trygga framtida dricksvattenförsörjning. De senaste årens fynd av PFAS i dricksvatten visar på vikten av att skydda vattentäkter, genomföra riskbedömningar och undersöka förekomst av föroreningar.Obalans mellan den tätbefolkade kusten och den glesbyggda landsbygden är en utmaning i länet. Byggandet vid kusten ställer krav på en hänsynsfull bebyggelseutveckling som tydligt beaktar miljökvalitetsmålen.Internationella överenskommelser om kemikalier och minskade utsläpp till luft och vatten är nödvändigt för att uppnå uppsatta mål. Dessutom behövs en omställning till ett samhälle som baseras på förnybar energi. För att skapa en hållbar framtid måste vi förändra vår livsstil och vår attityd till konsumtion. Lokala och regionala åtgärder såsom arbete för en giftfri förskola och minskade utsläpp av mikroplaster är steg i rätt riktning.Minskad biologisk mångfald påverkar tillsammans med klimatförändringar, övergödning och miljögifter många av de ekosystemtjänster som vi är beroende av för mänsklig välfärd och en hållbar samhällsutveckling. Det pågår insatser som förbättrar tillståndet i miljön, men det går för långsamt. Det krävs mer resurser och modiga politiska beslut för att möjliggöra en hållbar framtid, den framtid som vi är skyldiga våra barn!
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33.
  • Bilén, Anna-Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Miljökvalitetsmålen 2017 : Årlig uppföljning av miljömålen i Blekinge
  • 2017
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Trots miljöarbetet varit framgångsrikt inom många områden är nuvarande styrmedel och åtgärder inte tillräckliga. Inte något av de miljömål som bedöms på regional nivå kommer att uppnås till år 2020. För Frisk luft är utvecklingen i miljön positiv. För övriga mål bedöms utvecklingen vara neutral eller negativ. Minskad biologisk mångfald påverkar tillsammans med klimatförändringar, övergödning och miljögifter många av de ekosystemtjänster som vi är beroende av för mänsklig välfärd och en hållbar samhällsutveckling. Obalans mellan den tätbefolkade kusten och den glesbyggda landsbygden är en utmaning i länet. Byggandet vid kusten ställer krav på en hänsynsfull bebyggelseutveckling som tydligt beaktar miljökvalitetsmålen. De mål som rör biologisk mångfald och bevarande av kulturmiljö följer en neutral eller negativ trend. I odlingslandskapet leder färre lantbrukare och brist på betesdjur till igenväxning av hagmarker. Livsmiljöer försvinner och arter får det svårare att överleva. Lagring av flisvirke sommartid utgör ett hot, främst mot insekter. För att god ekologisk status ska uppnås i vattendragen behövs ny vattenlagstiftning och mer resurser för tillsyn. I Blekinges kustvatten är övergödning ett stort miljöproblem och det krävs kraftfulla åtgärder för att minska näringsläckaget. Arbetet med vattenförsörjningsplaner behöver fortsätta för att trygga framtida dricksvattenförsörjning. De senaste årens fynd av PFAS i dricksvatten visar på vikten av att skydda vattentäkter, genomföra riskbedömningar och undersöka förekomst av föroreningar. Internationella överenskommelser om kemikalier och minskade utsläpp till luft och vatten är nödvändigt för att uppnå uppsatta mål. Dessutom behövs en omställning till ett samhälle som baseras på förnybar energi. För att skapa en hållbar framtid måste vi förändra vår livsstil och vår attityd till konsumtion. Åtgärder såsom kommunala insatser för en giftfri förskola och att ställa miljökrav vid upphandling är steg i rätt riktning. Det pågår alltså insatser som förbättrar tillståndet i miljön, men det går för långsamt. Det krävs mer resurser och modiga politiska beslut för att möjliggöra en hållbar framtid, den framtid som vi är skyldiga våra barn!
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34.
  • Björn, Linnea, 1994, et al. (författare)
  • Process-Induced Structures of Injection-Molded High-Density Polyethylene─Combining X-ray Scattering and Finite Element Modeling
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: ACS Applied Polymer Materials. - 2637-6105. ; 6:8, s. 4852-4864
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The success of plastics heavily relies on fast melt processing methods used for large-scale industrial manufacturing, including injection molding. The hierarchical structure of the solid polymer depends on material selection combined with processing conditions, making mechanical properties of the injection molded part difficult to predict. Here we show how scanning small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, birefringence microscopy, and polarized light optical microscopy can be combined with injection molding simulations to shed light on the correlation between the polymer morphology of high-density polyethylene and processing conditions. The scattering data revealed that the complex layered structure highly depends on the pressure during the holding phase of injection molding. Furthermore, we identified specific work of flow as a main parameter to capture the changes in morphology induced by varying the process settings. Overall, a good agreement was found between experimental data and the computational simulations, suggesting that computational simulations can be further used to predict the multiphase morphology of injection molded parts.
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35.
  • Björn, Linnea, 1994, et al. (författare)
  • Scanning Small-Angle X-ray Scattering of Injection-Molded Polymers: Anisotropic Structure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: ACS Applied Polymer Materials. - 2637-6105. ; 5:8, s. 6429-6440
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Injection molding is known to create a layered anisotropicmorphologyacross the sample thickness due to varying shear and cooling ratesduring the manufacturing process. In this study, scanning small-angleX-ray scattering was used to visualize and quantify the distributionof hierarchical structures present in injection-molded parts of low-densitypolyethylene (LDPE) with varying viscosities. By combining scatteringdata with results from injection molding simulations and tensile testing,we find that oriented shish-kebab structures, as well as elongatedspherulite structures consisting of semicrystalline ellipsoids, contributeto high ultimate tensile strength along the flow direction. Furthermore,we show that a higher degree of orientation is found close to theinjection gate and in LDPE with higher viscosity, consequently fromelevated shear and cooling rates present during the injection moldingprocess.
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36.
  • Borngrund, Carl, 1992-, et al. (författare)
  • Automating the Short-Loading Cycle: Survey and Integration Framework
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3417. ; 14:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The short-loading cycle is a construction task where a wheel loader scoops material from a nearby pile in order to move that material to the tipping body of a dump truck. The short-loading cycle is a vital task performed in high quantities and is often part of a more extensive never-ending process to move material for further refinement. This, together with the highly repetitive nature of the short-loading cycle, makes it a suitable candidate for automation. However, the short-loading cycle is a complex task where the mechanics of the wheel loader together with the interaction between the wheel loader and the environment needs to be considered. This must be achieved while maintaining some productivity goal and, concurrently, minimizing the used energy. The main objective of this work is to analyze the short-loading cycle, assess the current state of research in this field, and discuss the steps required to progress towards a minimal viable product consisting of individual automation solutions that can perform the short-loading cycle well enough to be used by early adopters. This is achieved through a comprehensive literature study and consequent analysis of the review results. From this analysis, the requirements of an MVP are defined and some gaps which are currently hindering the realization of the MVP are presented.
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37.
  • Borngrund, Carl, 1992- (författare)
  • Automation of Navigation During the Short-loading Cycle Using Machine Vision
  • 2022
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Earth-moving machines are machines used in a wide range of industries, such as the construction industry, to perform tasks related to earthworks.Currently, the vast majority of earth-moving machines are human-operated where expert operators perform these industry vital tasks.One such task is the short-loading cycle which is a repetitive work cycle performed in high quantities within the construction industry.This work cycle aims to use a wheel-loader to move material from a pile or from the ground to the tipping body of a dump truck.Not only is this task repetitive and performed in high quantities, but it is also representative of the knowledge required to perform a wide set of other work cycles, hence a good candidate for automation.Skilled operators use their sensory input to perform the tasks required, such as tactile, sound and sight.One of the most important senses leveraged during normal operations is sight, as it is used to locate dynamic objects and detect dangers.Thus to be able to replace the driver of an earth-moving machine with an autonomous system, the system requires similar vision capabilities.Machine Vision is a field where the goal is to use some type of vision sensor, such as cameras, to extract relevant high-level information from images or video streams.This thesis aims to examine how machine vision can be used within the short-loading cycle to facilitate performing said work cycle autonomously.The main findings in this thesis are threefold: Firstly, two knowledge gaps are identified in the domain of automation during the short-loading cycle.These relate to the loading of heterogeneous material and navigation during loading and unloading.Secondly, we show that it is possible to train a deep learning model to detect the cab, wheels and tipping body of a scale-model dump truck while mimicking the approach towards the load carrier during the short-loading cycle.This model can then be applied to real vehicles to detect the same objects, with no additional training.Lastly, we show that linear interpolation can be used to perform semi-automatic labelling of camera-based video data of the approach of a wheel-loader towards a dump truck during the short-loading cycle.This technique decreases the annotation workload by around 95% while retaining comparable performance.The future direction of this work includes using techniques such as reinforcement learning to teach a model to perform the navigation required during the short-loading cycle.Future work also includes using world models to learn representations of underlying structures in the environment, open-ended learning to transfer the learned knowledge to adjacent work cycles and using machine vision to find the point of attack for scooping heterogeneous material.
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38.
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39.
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40.
  • Borngrund, Carl, 1992- (författare)
  • Towards Deep-learning-based Autonomous Navigation in the Short-loading Cycle
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Earth-moving machines, such as wheel loaders, are a type of heavy-duty machinery used within the construction industry to perform vital tasks, such as digging, transporting, and mining applications. One of these tasks is the short-loading cycle, where an operator manoeuvres the wheel loader to move material from a pile to the tipping body of a dump truck, through navigation, scooping, and dumping. The short-loading cycle is a repetitive task performed in high quantities, often as part of a larger refinement process, making it interesting for automation.The main objective of this thesis work is to investigate challenges facing the automation of the short-loading cycle, focusing in particular on subtasks that can be efficiently addressed with deep learning methods. A secondary objective is to examine how alternative development paths, such as scale models, or simulations, can be used to enable data-driven automation of the short-loading cycle, as directly experimenting on real vehicles has a high associated cost when large numbers of timesteps are needed to gather enough data.To investigate the two objectives, the literature is systematically reviewed to identify research gaps, challenges, and the usage of deep learning techniques. Secondly, a set of deep learning techniques is investigated to address perception and actuation problems identified as challenging and important for the automation of the short-loading cycle.The investigation of deep learning techniques involves training and validating a realtime object detector neural network to identify key components (wheels, tipping body, and cab) on a scale model dump truck while testing on a real vehicle. This resulted in a localisation and classification degradation of only 14% between the scale model and the real dump truck, with no additional training. In addition, an examination to minimize the annotation workload of humans found that it is possible to decrease the workload by 95% while still retaining similar detection performance by leveraging linear interpolation.Lastly, this thesis presents an investigation regarding the usage of reinforcement learning for navigation during the short-loading cycle. The results indicate that training the agent in simulation is currently required as the agent obtains the maximum reward after timesteps in the order of millions before being capable of performing the task. The results suggest that the trained agent is capable of bridging the gap between simulation and reality to complete a simplified version of the navigation task during the short-loading cycle.The experiments presented in this thesis provide proof of concept that indicates deep learning techniques can aid in the realisation of an autonomous solution. Moreover, the results show that development paths allowing for experiments providing large numbers of timesteps can facilitate the practical use of such techniques.
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41.
  • Bridel, Claire, et al. (författare)
  • Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:9, s. 1035-1048
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Importance  Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate biomarker for neuroaxonal damage. The influence of age and sex is largely unknown, and levels across neurological disorders have not been compared systematically to date.Objectives  To assess the associations of age, sex, and diagnosis with NfL in CSF (cNfL) and to evaluate its potential in discriminating clinically similar conditions.Data Sources  PubMed was searched for studies published between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, reporting cNfL levels (using the search terms neurofilament light and cerebrospinal fluid) in neurological or psychiatric conditions and/or in HC.Study Selection  Studies reporting NfL levels measured in lumbar CSF using a commercially available immunoassay, as well as age and sex.Data Extraction and Synthesis  Individual-level data were requested from study authors. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the fixed effects of age, sex, and diagnosis on log-transformed NfL levels, with cohort of origin modeled as a random intercept.Main Outcome and Measure  The cNfL levels adjusted for age and sex across diagnoses.Results  Data were collected for 10 059 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [18.8] years; 54.1% female). Thirty-five diagnoses were identified, including inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (n = 2795), dementias and predementia stages (n = 4284), parkinsonian disorders (n = 984), and HC (n = 1332). The cNfL was elevated compared with HC in a majority of neurological conditions studied. Highest levels were observed in cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals (iHIV), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington disease. In 33.3% of diagnoses, including HC, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), cNfL was higher in men than women. The cNfL increased with age in HC and a majority of neurological conditions, although the association was strongest in HC. The cNfL overlapped in most clinically similar diagnoses except for FTD and iHIV, which segregated from other dementias, and PD, which segregated from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Conclusions and Relevance  These data support the use of cNfL as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and indicate that age-specific and sex-specific (and in some cases disease-specific) reference values may be needed. The cNfL has potential to assist the differentiation of FTD from AD and PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
  •  
42.
  • Burra, Dharani, et al. (författare)
  • Comparative membrane-associated proteomics of three different immune reactions in potato
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 19:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Plants have evolved different types of immune reactions but large-scale proteomics about these processes are lacking, especially in the case of agriculturally important crop pathosystems. We have established a system for investigating PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and two different effector-triggered immunity (ETI; triggered by Avr2 or IpiO) responses in potato. The ETI responses are triggered by molecules from the agriculturally important Phytophthora infestans interaction. To perform large-scale membrane protein-based comparison of these responses, we established a method to extract proteins from subcellular compartments in leaves. In the membrane fractions that were subjected to quantitative proteomics analysis, we found that most proteins regulated during PTI were also regulated in the same way in ETI. Proteins related to photosynthesis had lower abundance, while proteins related to oxidative and biotic stress, as well as those related to general antimicrobial defense and cell wall degradation, were found to be higher in abundance. On the other hand, we identified a few proteins—for instance, an ABC transporter-like protein—that were only found in the PTI reaction. Furthermore, we also identified proteins that were regulated only in ETI interactions. These included proteins related to GTP binding and heterotrimeric G-protein signaling, as well as those related to phospholipase signaling.
  •  
43.
  • Burra, Dharani, et al. (författare)
  • Phosphite-induced changes of the transcriptome and secretome in Solanum tuberosum leading to resistance against Phytophthora infestans
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: BMC Plant Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2229. ; 14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Potato late blight caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans can lead to immense yield loss. We investigated the transcriptome of Solanum tubersoum (cv. Desiree) and characterized the secretome by quantitative proteomics after foliar application of the protective agent phosphite. We also studied the distribution of phosphite in planta after application and tested transgenic potato lines with impaired in salicylic and jasmonic acid signaling. Results: Phosphite had a rapid and transient effect on the transcriptome, with a clear response 3 h after treatment. Strikingly this effect lasted less than 24 h, whereas protection was observed throughout all time points tested. In contrast, 67 secretome proteins predominantly associated with cell-wall processes and defense changed in abundance at 48 h after treatment. Transcripts associated with defense, wounding, and oxidative stress constituted the core of the phosphite response. We also observed changes in primary metabolism and cell wall-related processes. These changes were shown not to be due to phosphate depletion or acidification caused by phosphite treatment. Of the phosphite-regulated transcripts 40% also changed with beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) as an elicitor, while the defence gene PR1 was only up-regulated by BABA. Although phosphite was shown to be distributed in planta to parts not directly exposed to phosphite, no protection in leaves without direct foliar application was observed. Furthermore, the analysis of transgenic potato lines indicated that the phosphite-mediated resistance was independent of the plant hormones salicylic and jasmonic acid. Conclusions: Our study suggests that a rapid phosphite-triggered response is important to confer long-lasting resistance against P. infestans and gives molecular understanding of its successful field applications.
  •  
44.
  • Cardiakidis Myers, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide into Healthy Rabbit Eyes Alters Retinal Function and Morphology
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Current Eye Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0271-3683 .- 1460-2202. ; 38:6, s. 649-661
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: To study the effects of intravitreally injected triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and/or its preservative benzyl alcohol (BA) in healthy rabbit retina. Methods: Forty-eight rabbits (aged 4 months, body weight approximate to 3 kg) were randomized into four groups (n=12). They were examined with electroretinography (ERG) prior to drug exposure, and then injected intravitreally with a combination of TA and BA, TA without BA, BA alone or a balanced saline solution (BSS). The electroretinograms were assessed 1 week and 7 weeks post-injection. The rabbits were euthanized and the sectioned retinas were studied. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on rods, cones, rod bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells and Muller cells. Results: Rabbits injected with BA showed a significantly lower rod-mediated b-wave amplitude than the controls 1 week after injection. TA-injected rabbits demonstrated significantly higher a- and b-wave amplitudes in the total retinal response than the controls 1 week post-injection. The rabbits injected with TA+BA demonstrated a significantly higher b-wave amplitude in the total retinal response than the controls 1 week after injection. The significantly higher a-wave amplitude in the total retinal response remained in the TA-injected rabbits 7 weeks after injection. Immunohistochemistry revealed that protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha) was down-regulated in both the perikarya and the axons of bipolar cells in histological sections from rabbit retina injected with TA+BA, BA and TA. Conclusions: Intravitreal injection of the preservative BA reduces the isolated rod-mediated retinal response in the rabbit, transiently and selectively. Intravitreal injection of TA increases the total retinal response in the rabbit up to seven weeks after injection. The effects observed are not only limited to retinal function, but also include changes in the expression of PKC alpha in rod bipolar cells, indicating drug-related interference with normal retinal physiology in the healthy rabbit eye.
  •  
45.
  • Cardiakidis Myers, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Retinal function and morphology in rabbit after intravitreal injection of VEGF inhibitors.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Current Eye Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0271-3683 .- 1460-2202. ; 37:5, s. 399-407
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose/Aim: To explore changes in morphology and function in the rabbit retina after intravitreal high-dose injection of three commonly used VEGF inhibitors. Materials and methods: Forty-eight rabbits of mixed strain (6 months of age, body weight ≈ 3 kg) were randomized into four groups (n = 12). They were examined with full-field electroretinography (ERG) and with multifocal electroretinography (mf ERG) prior to drug exposure. The rabbits were then injected intravitreally with bevacizumab, ranibizumab, pegaptanib, or with a balanced saline solution. The dose of VEGF inhibitor was chosen to achieve a vitreous concentration approximately three times higher than the one clinically used in the adult human eye. ERG was then performed 8 weeks postinjection, and mf ERG 9 weeks postinjection. After 9 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed and the sectioned retina was studied. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed of rods, cones, rod bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. Results: Rabbits injected with VEGF inhibitors all showed significantly lower amplitude of the dark-adapted b-wave rod-mediated response to dim light, compared to the rabbits injected with BSS. The a wave (reflecting photoreceptor function) in the response to single flash white light was however not affected. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant reduction in PKC labeling of rod bipolar cells in pegaptanib and ranibizumab injected eyes whereas bevacizumab injected eyes displayed normal PKC labeling. No apparent morphological change was seen with markers for remaining retinal cells. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the use of high-dose intravitreal VEGF inhibitors in the rabbit eye affects rod-mediated retinal function and PKC expression in rod bipolars cells for at least 9 weeks after drug administration. The three VEGF inhibitors influence the retina slightly differently. These results are important for the understanding of drug action and when devising therapeutical strategies in new areas such as retinopathy of prematurity where vitreous volume is significantly lower compared to the adult eye.
  •  
46.
  • Cardiakidis Myers, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Retinal Function and Morphology in the Rabbit Eye after Intravitreal Injection of the TNF Alpha Inhibitor Adalimumab.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Current Eye Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0271-3683 .- 1460-2202. ; 39:11, s. 1106-1116
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Aim: To study the effects of the tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor adalimumab on rabbit retina after injection into the vitreous body. Methods: Forty-eight rabbits of mixed strain (9-12 months old, weighing ≈ 3.5 kg) were randomized into four groups. Adalimumab was injected at one of two concentrations (1.25 mg or 2.5 mg) into the eyes of two groups, and balanced salt solution into the eyes of the third group. The fourth group acted as controls. Full-field electroretinography (ffERG) was performed before injection and 1 and 6 weeks post-injection. At 6 weeks post-injection the rabbits were euthanized and the sectioned retinas were studied. Retinal histology was studied with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on rods, cones, rod bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells and Müller cells. Results: No significant difference in ffERG amplitudes or implicit times was observed between the four groups at any time point. Histological and immunohistochemical findings were similar in all groups. Conclusions: Injection of adalimumab into the vitreous body of healthy rabbits, at doses up to 2.5 mg, does not appear to be toxic to the rabbit retina.
  •  
47.
  • Cardiakidis Myers, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Rifabutin accumulates in the lens and reduces retinal function in the rabbit eye
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Retina. - 0275-004X. ; 29:1, s. 106-111
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: To study the toxicology of rifabutin in the rabbit eye with emphasis on retinal function and histopathology.METHODS: Seven rabbits received a daily dose of rifabutin during 15 months. Six rabbits receiving only the vehicle were used as controls. Repeated standardized full-field electroretinograms (ERG) were assessed. After discontinuing treatment, the rabbits were killed and the cornea, the lens, and the sectioned retina was studied. Immunhistochemistry directed against vimentin, glial fibrillaryacidic protein (GFAP), protein kinase C (PKC), and peanut agglutinin (PNA) was performed.RESULTS: Rifabutin was detected in serum of the treated rabbits. During treatment, the full-field ERG demonstrated significantly reduced b-wave amplitudes in the total rod-cone response as well as in the isolated rod and cone response compared with the recordings before treatment. The control rabbits did not demonstrate a reduction of the ERG amplitudes. The treated rabbits developed a discoloration of the lens, not seen in the control group. No retinal pathology was demonstrated using immunohistochemical methods.CONCLUSION: Rifabutin causes a discoloration of the lens and reduces both rod and cone function in rabbits, but does not alter retinal morphology. Previous reports on ocular side effects caused by rifabutin are supported by the results of this study.
  •  
48.
  • Cederlund, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Vitreous levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and the radical-scavenger α(1)-microglobulin/A1M in human rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-702X .- 0721-832X. ; 251:3, s. 725-732
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: To explore oxidative stress and the radical scavenger α(1)-microglobulin (A1M) in the vitreous body of human eyes with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: Levels of carbonyl groups, a marker of oxidative stress, and A1M were measured by ELISA and RIA in 14 vitreous samples derived from patients suffering from RRD, and compared with 14 samples from macula hole (MH) patients. Carbonyl group and A1M levels in RRD samples were statistically related to detachment characteristics. Analysis of total protein level, SDS-PAGE, and Western blotting of A1M was also performed. In a separate experiment, mRNA expression of A1M was measured by RT-PCR in rat retina explants. RESULTS: Levels of carbonyl groups and A1M varied widely in RRD vitreous samples, but were significantly higher in samples derived from eyes with large detachment area and macula-off status, while the presence of vitreous hemorrhage did not show any significant correlation. Compared with MH samples, RRD samples displayed significantly higher levels of A1M, whereas changes in total protein levels and carbonyl groups were not significant. Novel forms of A1M, not previously seen in plasma, were found in the vitreous body by Western blotting. Furthermore, A1M expression was seen in rat retina explants and was upregulated after 24 h of culturing. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress is a prominent feature of human eyes with primary RRD, and is directly related to detachment severity. Affected eyes can launch a protective response in the form of the radical scavenger A1M possibly derived from the retina. The results thus indicate potential therapeutic cell loss prevention in RRD by employing the endogeneous radical scavenger A1M.
  •  
49.
  • Chawade, Aakash, et al. (författare)
  • Targeted Proteomics Approach for Precision Plant Breeding
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 15, s. 638-646
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is a targeted mass spectrometry technique that enables precise quantitation of hundreds of peptides in a single run. This technique provides new opportunities for multiplexed protein biomarker measurements. For precision plant breeding, DNA-based markers have been used extensively, but the potential of protein biomarkers has not been exploited. In this work, we developed an SRM marker panel with assays for 104 potato (Solanum tuberosum) peptides selected using univariate and multivariate statistics. Thereafter, using random forest classification, the prediction markers were identified forPhytopthora infestansresistance in leaves,P. infestansresistance in tubers, and plant yield in potato leaf secretome samples. The results suggest that the marker panel has the predictive potential for three traits, two of which have no commercial DNA markers so far. Furthermore, the marker panel was also tested and found to be applicable to potato clones not used during the marker development. The proposed workflow is thus a proof-of-concept for targeted proteomics as an efficient readout in accelerated breeding for complex and agronomically important traits.
  •  
50.
  • Constantinescu, Radu, 1966, et al. (författare)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuronal and glial cell damage in patients with autoimmune neurologic syndromes with and without underlying malignancies.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of neuroimmunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8421 .- 0165-5728. ; 306, s. 25-30
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Autoimmune neurologic syndromes can be paraneoplastic (associated with malignancies and/or onconeural antibodies), or non-paraneoplastic. Their clinical presentation is often similar. As prognosis is related to malignancy treatment, better biomarkers are needed to identify patients with malignancy. We investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of neuronal (neurofilament light chain, NFL and total tau protein, T-tau) and glial (glial fibrillary acidic protein) damage. CSF-NFL and T-tau were increased in both paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune syndromes. Patients with manifest malignancies were older, had less epilepsy, more focal central and peripheral neurological signs and symptoms, and worse long-term outcome, than those without malignancy. CSF-NFL-levels predicted long-term outcome but were not diagnostic for malignancy, after age adjustment.
  •  
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