| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Elhai, M, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of patients with systemic sclerosis treated with rituximab in contemporary practice: a prospective cohort study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of the rheumatic diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 78:7, s. 979-987
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the safety and efficacy of rituximab in systemic sclerosis (SSc) in clinical practice.MethodsWe performed a prospective study including patients with SSc from the European Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) network treated with rituximab and matched with untreated patients with SSc. The main outcomes measures were adverse events, skin fibrosis improvement, lung fibrosis worsening and steroids use among propensity score-matched patients treated or not with rituximab.Results254 patients were treated with rituximab, in 58% for lung and in 32% for skin involvement. After a median follow-up of 2 years, about 70% of the patients had no side effect. Comparison of treated patients with 9575 propensity-score matched patients showed that patients treated with rituximab were more likely to have skin fibrosis improvement (22.7 vs 14.03 events per 100 person-years; OR: 2.79 [1.47–5.32]; p=0.002). Treated patients did not have significantly different rates of decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC)>10% (OR: 1.03 [0.55–1.94]; p=0.93) nor in carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) decrease. Patients having received rituximab were more prone to stop or decrease steroids (OR: 2.34 [1.56–3.53], p<0.0001). Patients treated concomitantly with mycophenolate mofetil had a trend for better outcomes as compared with patients receiving rituximab alone (delta FVC: 5.22 [0.83–9.62]; p=0.019 as compared with controls vs 3 [0.66–5.35]; p=0.012).ConclusionRituximab use was associated with a good safety profile in this large SSc-cohort. Significant change was observed on skin fibrosis, but not on lung. However, the limitation is the observational design. The potential stabilisation of lung fibrosis by rituximab has to be addressed by a randomised trial.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, L. Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Localized roughness effects in non-uniform hydraulic waterways
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydraulic Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0022-1686 .- 1814-2079. ; 59:1, s. 100-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydropower tunnels are generally subject to a degree of rock falls. Studies explaining this are scarce and the current industrial standards offer little insight. To simulate tunnel conditions, high Reynolds number flow inside a channel with a rectangular cross-section is investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry and pressure measurements. For validation, the flow is modelled using LES and a RANS approach with k - ε turbulence model. One wall of the channel has been replaced with a rough surface captured using laser scanning. The results indicate flow-roughness effects deviating from the standard non-asymmetric channel flow and hence, can not be properly predicted using spatially averaged relations. These effects manifest as localized bursts of velocity connected to individual roughness elements. The bursts are large enough to affect both temporally and spatially averaged quantities. Both turbulence models show satisfactory agreement for the overall flow behaviour, where LES also provided information for in-depth analysis.
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| 5. |
- Andreasson, Fredrik
(författare)
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Retande, berättelser och kategoriseringar : Om vänskap och kärlek i barns relationsprat
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on how middle school children organize peer group relationships through various forms of so-called relational talk (Evaldsson, 2007), while they also negotiate and more generally make sense of friendships and romantic relationships. Prior micro-sociological research has demonstrated how children in everyday language practices through, for example, teasing, assessments, and storytelling—articulate and manage social relationships and behaviors, moral views, and shared cultural knowledge, thereby constructing their emerging social worlds (see Goodwin & Kyratzis, 2011, for an overview). Several ethnographic studies have also shown how children in everyday peer group interactions construct gendered cultures, encompassing gender hierarchies and heteronormative ordering, while managing social relationships (Renold, 2005). This study is a continued exploration into these areas, building on ethnographic fieldwork, including participant observations, video recordings, and focus group interviews with friendship groups among children in two fifth grade classes in a Swedish school setting. The analysis draws on an ethnomethodological multimodal interactional approach to talk-in- interaction (Goodwin, 1990), combined with membership categorization work (Stokoe, 2010) and ethnographic knowledge of the local culture (Evaldsson, 2021; Goodwin, 2014).The analysis shows that humor-oriented language practices, such as teasing and joking, function as a resource for children to address potentially sensitive and/or embarrassing aspects of social relationships, where humor and collective laughter work as a de-dramatizing resource while building local peer group relationships (cf. Eder, 1991). Moreover, the results show that children’s way of articulating and making sense of their views on friendship and romance through storytelling, assessments, and jocular play is related to a moral dimension, as they index and negotiate (un)acceptable behaviors. This dimension becomes visible through their invocation and management of membership categorizations, person descriptions, and evaluative comments in their local identity work. Simultaneously, the analysis demonstrates how ethnographic knowledge of children’s social life is central in understanding how wider social dynamics become part of the local peer cultures of preteen children (Evaldsson, 2005a; Goodwin, 2011), especially regarding how the negotiation of local categories and their embedded meanings is related to wider social categorizations of gender, social class, and age. Overall, this thesis demonstrates how children as social actors use a variety of interactional resources (i.e., talk, laughter, loud voices, facial expressions, smiles, and gestures) to organize local peer group relationships, while collectively staging, negotiating, and making sense of both romance and friendship.
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| 6. |
- Boulo, S., et al.
(författare)
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First amyloid β1-42 certified reference material for re-calibrating commercial immunoassays
- 2020
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's and Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 16:11, s. 1493-1503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Reference materials based on human cerebrospinal fluid were certified for the mass concentration of amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 (Aβ42). They are intended to be used to calibrate diagnostic assays for Aβ42. Methods: The three certified reference materials (CRMs), ERM-DA480/IFCC, ERM-DA481/IFCC and ERM-DA482/IFCC, were prepared at three concentration levels and characterized using isotope dilution mass spectrometry methods. Roche, EUROIMMUN, and Fujirebio used the three CRMs to re-calibrate their immunoassays. Results: The certified Aβ42 mass concentrations in ERM-DA480/IFCC, ERM-DA481/IFCC, and ERM-DA482/IFCC are 0.45, 0.72, and 1.22μg/L, respectively, with expanded uncertainties (k=2) of 0.07, 0.11, and 0.18μg/L, respectively. Before re-calibration, a good correlation (Pearson's r>0.97), yet large biases, were observed between results from different commercial assays. After re-calibration the between-assay bias was reduced to<5%. Discussion: The Aβ42 CRMs can ensure the equivalence of results between methods and across platforms for the measurement of Aβ42. © 2020 the Alzheimer's Association
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kurilshikov, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:2, s. 156-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the effect of host genetics on gut microbiome composition, the MiBioGen consortium curated and analyzed genome-wide genotypes and 16S fecal microbiome data from 18,340 individuals (24 cohorts). Microbial composition showed high variability across cohorts: only 9 of 410 genera were detected in more than 95% of samples. A genome-wide association study of host genetic variation regarding microbial taxa identified 31 loci affecting the microbiome at a genome-wide significant (P < 5 x 10(-8)) threshold. One locus, the lactase (LCT) gene locus, reached study-wide significance (genome-wide association study signal: P = 1.28 x 10(-20)), and it showed an age-dependent association with Bifidobacterium abundance. Other associations were suggestive (1.95 x 10(-10) < P < 5 x 10(-8)) but enriched for taxa showing high heritability and for genes expressed in the intestine and brain. A phenome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization identified enrichment of microbiome trait loci in the metabolic, nutrition and environment domains and suggested the microbiome might have causal effects in ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Anders G., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of spatial resolution of rough surfaces on numerically computed flow fields with application to hydraulic engineering
- 2014
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Ingår i: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1994-2060 .- 1997-003X. ; 8:3, s. 373-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In numerical simulations of flow over rough surfaces, the roughness is often not resolved but represented by a numerical model. The validity of such an assumption is investigated in this paper by Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of flow over a surface with a large roughness. The surface was created from a high-resolution laser scanning of a real rock blasted tunnel. By reducing the geometrical resolution of the roughness in two steps, the importance of an appropriate surface description could be examined. The flow fields obtained were compared to a set-up with a geometrical flat surface where the roughness was represented by a modified form of the Launder and Spalding wall-function. The flow field over the surface with the lowest resolution was substantially different from those of the two finer resolutions and rather close to the results from the set-up with the wall-function. The results also yield that the finer the resolution is the more vorticity is formed close to the rough surface and more turbulence is generated.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Andersson, L. Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Flow Structures Induced by Highly Rough Surface Using Particle Image Velocimetry, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Velocity Correlations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Engineering. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1947-3931 .- 1947-394X. ; 10, s. 399-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High Reynolds number flow inside a channel of rectangular cross section is examined using Particle Image Velocimetry. One wall of the channel has been replaced with a surface of a roughness representative to that of real hydropower tunnels, i.e. a random terrain with roughness dimensions typically in the range of ≈10% - 20% of the channels hydraulic radius. The rest of the channel walls can be considered smooth. The rough surface was captured from an existing blasted rock tunnel using high resolution laser scanning and scaled to 1:10. For quantification of the size of the largest flow structures, integral length scales are derived from the auto-correlation functions of the temporally averaged velocity. Additionally, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and higher-order statistics are applied to the instantaneous snapshots of the velocity fluctuations. The results show a high spatial heterogeneity of the velocity and other flow characteristics in vicinity of the rough surface, putting outer similarity treatment into jeopardy. Roughness effects are not confined to the vicinity of the rough surface but can be seen in the outer flow throughout the channel, indicating a different behavior than postulated by Townsend’s similarity hypothesis. The effects on the flow structures vary depending on the shape and size of the roughness elements leading to a high spatial dependence of the flow above the rough surface. Hence, any spatial averaging, e.g. assuming a characteristic sand grain roughness factor, for determining local flow parameters becomes less applicable in this case.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, L. Robin, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating localized pressure fluctuations in Gävunda hydropower tunnel
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th IAHR International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures ISHS2020. - : The University of Queensland.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A numerical investigation of a hydropower tunnel has been implemented in this project. The tunnel geometry data were taken from a laser scanning of a tunnel positioned in Gävunda, Sweden. While the average cross-section of the tunnel is even, in accordance with the pre-excavation schematics, the instantaneous deviations are significant. ANSYS-CFX was applied for the simulations using a RANS approach with k-ε model for turbulence closure. To evaluate the results, the pressure was area averaged in 30 planes evenly spaced perpendicular to the flow direction inside the tunnel. Additionally, the pressure was sampled along a line running from the inlet to the outlet of the tunnel. Results show that the area averaged pressure is similar to the pressure modelled along the center line. This means that the roughness has a dominating effect on the bulk flow inside of the tunnel. Hence, cross-sectional based methods of evaluation (e.g. Gauckler-Manning) could potentially be used to evaluate the localized pressure inside the tunnel. Further evaluation show that the Gauckler-Manning and Haaland equation both can be used as an estimate of the modelled pressure inside of the tunnel. Both equations are highly dependent on the hydraulic radius and cross-sectional area. These results have many implications, continuous pressure measurements can potentially be used to monitor the structural integrity of tunnels. Similarly, tunnel data could be used to estimate pressure effects within the tunnel, which would enable easier and reliable risk assessment studies.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Robin, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Gävunda case study
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Inlet Blockage Effects in a Free Surface Channel With Artificially Generated Rough Walls
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th IAHR International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures. - 9780692132777 ; , s. 723-732
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When considering free surface flow in channels, it is essential to have in-depth knowledge about the inlet flow conditions and the effect of surface roughness on the overall flow field. Hence, we hereby investigate flow inside an 18m long channel by using Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) and Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry (ADV). The roughness of the channel walls is generated using a diamond-square fractal algorithm and is designed to resemble the actual geometry of hydropower tunnels. Four different water levels ranging from 20 to 50cm are investigated. For each depth, the inlet is blocked by 25 and 50% at three positions each, at the centre, to the right and to the left in the flow-direction. The flow is altered for each depth to keep the flow velocity even throughout the measurements. PTV is applied to measure the velocity of the free water surface; four cameras are placed above the setup to capture the entirety of the channel. The results show a clear correlation between roughness-height and velocity distribution at depths 20-30 cm. The surface roughness proved effective in dispersing the subsequent perturbations following the inlet blockage. At 50cm, perturbations from the 50% blockage could be observed throughout the channel. However, at 20cm, most perturbations had subsided by a third of the channel length. The ADV was used to capture the velocity in a total of 375 points throughout the channel, at a depth of 50 cm with no inlet perturbations.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Robin, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical investigation of a hydropower tunnel : Estimating localised head-loss using the manning equation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI. - 2073-4441. ; 11:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fluid dynamics within a water tunnel is investigated numerically using a RANS approach with the k-ε turbulence model. The computational model is based on a laser scan of a hydropower tunnel located in Gävunda, Sweden. The tunnel has a typical height of 6.9 m and a width of 7.2 m. While the average cross-sectional shape of the tunnel is smooth the local deviations are significant, where some roughness elements may be in the size of 5 m implying a large variation of the hydraulic radius. The results indicate that the Manning equation can successfully be used to study the localised pressure variations by taking into account the varying hydraulic radius and cross-sectional area of the tunnel. This indicates a dominant effect of the tunnel roughness in connection with the flow, which has the potential to be used in the future evaluation of tunnel durability. ANSYS-CFX was used for the simulations along with ICEM-CFD for building the mesh.
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| 18. |
- Andreasson, Björn Pererik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting oxygen vacancies in SrTiO3 by 3d transition-metal tracer ions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - College Park, MD : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 80:21, s. Article number: 212103-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray absorption experiments on 3d transition-metal tracer ions in SrTiO3 are presented. The absorption spectra of the tracer-ion changed upon reduction in the SrTiO3. This change is due to an oxygen vacancy created at the tracer-ion site. This finding is supported by density-functional theory calculations, which prove that the oxygen vacancies preferentially are created at the tracer-ion sites. Using the chemical sensitivity of x-ray absorption spectroscopy, tracer ions can be used to detect oxygen vacancies in SrTiO3 and possibly in other oxide systems. © 2009 The American Physical Society.
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| 19. |
- Andreasson, Björn Pererik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Origin of oxygen vacancies in resistive switching memory devices
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 190, s. Article number: 012074-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The resistive switching state in Cr-doped SrTiO3 was induced by applying an electric field. This was done in ambient air and in an atmosphere of H2/Ar. The distribution of the thereby introduced oxygen vacancies was studied by spatially resolved X-ray fluorescence images. It was concluded that the oxygen vacancies were introduced in the interface between the SrTiO3 and the positively biased electrode. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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| 20. |
- Andreasson, Björn Pererik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Resistive switching in Cr-doped SrTiO3 : An X-ray absorption spectroscopy study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0921-5107 .- 1873-4944. ; 144:1-3, s. 60-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to study the microscopic origin of conductance and resistive switching in chromium-doped strontium titanate (Cr:SrTiO3). Differences in the X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) at the Cr K-edge indicate that the valence of Cr changes from 3+ to 4+ underneath the anode of our sample device after the application of an electric field. Spatially resolved X-ray fluorescence microscopy (μ-XRF) maps show that the Cr4+ region retracts from the anode-Cr:SrTiO3 interface after a conducting state has been achieved. This interface region is studied with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and the results are compared with structural parameters obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. They confirm that oxygen vacancies which are localized at the octahedron with a Cr at its center are introduced at the interface. It is proposed that the switching state is not due to a valence change of chromium but caused by changes of oxygen vacancies at the interface. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Andreasson, Björn Pererik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial distribution of oxygen vacancies in Cr-doped SrTiO3 during an electric-field-driven insulator-to-metal transition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - College Park, MD : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 94:1, s. Article number: 013513-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatially resolved x-ray fluorescence maps are presented that show the introduction and the evolution of oxygen vacancies in chromium-doped strontium titanate during an electric-field-driven insulator-to-metal transition. The vacancies are introduced at the anode and diffuse through the crystal toward the cathode. The spatial distribution of vacancies is explained by a model describing the electrical breakdown as a percolation process. Strong differences in the vacancy distribution were found when the transition took place in air and in a hydrogen-enriched atmosphere. In air, the vacancies disappeared from the surface, whereas in the reducing hydrogen atmosphere, they remained at the surface. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Andréasson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index in adolescence, risk of type 2 diabetes and associated complications: A nationwide cohort study of men
- 2022
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Ingår i: EClinicalMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-5370. ; 46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Obesity is a predominant factor in development of type 2 diabetes but to which extent adolescent obesity influences adult diabetes is unclear. We investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) in young men and subsequent type 2 diabetes and how, in diagnosed diabetes, adolescent BMI relates to glycemic control and diabetes complications. Methods Baseline data from the Swedish Conscript Register for men drafted 1968-2005 was combined with data from the National Diabetes and Patient registries. Diabetes risk was estimated through Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. Relationships between BMI, glycemic control and diabetes complications were assessed through multiple linear and logistic regression. Findings Among 1,647,826 men, 63,957 (3.88%) developed type 2 diabetes over a median follow-up of 29.0 years (IQR[21.0-37.0]). The risk of diabetes within 40 years after conscription was nearly 40% in individuals with adolescent BMI >= 35 kg/m(2). Compared to BMI 18.5-<20 kg/m(2) (reference), diabetes risk increased in a linear fashion from HR 1.18(95%CI 1.15-1.21) for BMI 20-<22.5 kg/m(2) to HR 15.93(95%CI 14.88-17.05) for BMI >= 35 kg/m(2), and a difference in age at onset of 11.4 years was seen. Among men who developed diabetes, higher adolescent BMI was associated with higher HbA1c levels and albuminuria rates. Interpretation Rising adolescent BMI was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes diagnosed at a younger age, with poorer metabolic control, and a greater prevalence of albuminuria, all suggestive of worse prognosis. Copyright (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 24. |
- Andreasson, Kristin I. M., 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Biological weighting functions as a tool for evaluating two ways to measure UVB radiation inhibition on photosynthesis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1011-1344. ; 84:2, s. 111-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To estimate the inhibitory effect of the changing UVB radiation (UVBR, 280-315 nm) on earth's ecosystems, an understanding of its wavelength dependency is needed. The tool used for these estimations is the biological weighting function (BWF), whereby the inhibition of different wavelengths is calculated. B\WFs were determined for three algae species from different classes, Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae), Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyceae) and Rhodomonas sp. (Cryptophyceae), using polychromatic irradiation, where the UVBR spectra were varied with cut-off filters. For each alga, BWFs were determined for two photosynthetic parameters; the quantum yield measured as fluorescence from Photo System II in a pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometer, and the fixation of C-14-labelled carbon dioxide. The BWFs were calculated with the Rundel method, using the radiation data between 270 and 360 nm with 1 nm resolution. The results show that the UVBR damages were generally higher when using the carbon fixation measurements than when measuring with the PAM technique. When using PAM, P. tricornutum in particular had a sensitivity intermediate between the sensitive Rhodomonas sp. and the more tolerant D. tertiolecta, but was as sensitive as, or even more sensitive, than Rhodomonas sp. when using carbon fixation. D. tertiolecta was shown to be less sensitive when using both techniques and the inhibition of its photosynthesis was almost as high when using PAM as when using carbon fixation. We concluded that, although the PAM technique has advantages such as being cleaner and easier to use, it is unable to Substitute the carbon fixation measurements. Not only are the algae less sensitive when measured with PAM than they are when measured as carbon fixation, the relationship between the effects on the algae measured with the two techniques also differs. As fixation of carbon dioxide integrates a larger part of the photosynthetic machinery, it should be favoured as a measure of photosynthesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Andreasson, Kristin I. M., 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction in growth rate in Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillarlophyceae) and Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyceae) induced by UV-B radiation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1011-1344. ; 86:3, s. 227-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of UV-B radiation (UVBR, 280-315 nm) on growth rate during 72 h of incubation, was measured for two marine microalgae - Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyceae) and Phaeodactyhan tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae). The resulting inhibition of growth rate was analysed by calculating biological weighting functions (BWFs). The growth rate of D. tertiolecta was slightly more inhibited by UVBR (over the whole range of the spectrum) than was the growth rate of P. tricornutum, but the wavelength dependencies were the same. Our results were compared with results from photosynthesis experiments of Andreasson and Wangberg [1], where two methods, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorescence and carbon fixation, were measured for these same algae. The BWF for the growth rate, here, showed more wavelength dependency than the BWF for the previous two photosynthesis measurements - except for the carbon fixation BWF in P. tricornutum, which was closer to the BWF for growth rate. The wavelength dependency of the growth rate inhibition showed less variation between the species than the inhibition of the photosynthesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 28. |
- Andreasson, K. I., et al.
(författare)
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Targeting innate immunity for neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0022-3042. ; , s. 653-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroinflammation is critically involved in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, and key signaling steps of innate immune activation hence represent promising therapeutic targets. This mini review series originated from the 4th Venusberg Meeting on Neuroinflammation held in Bonn, Germany, 7–9th May 2015, presenting updates on innate immunity in acute brain injury and chronic neurodegenerative disorders, such as traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer disease, on the role of astrocytes and microglia, as well as technical developments that may help elucidate neuroinflammatory mechanisms and establish clinical relevance. In this meeting report, a brief overview of physiological and pathological microglia morphology is followed by a synopsis on PGE2 receptors, insights into the role of arginine metabolism and further relevant aspects of neuroinflammation in various clinical settings, and concluded by a presentation of technical challenges and solutions when working with microglia and astrocyte cultures. Microglial ontogeny and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia, advances of TREM2 signaling, and the cytokine paradox in Alzheimer's disease are further contributions to this article. (Figure presented.) Neuroinflammation is critically involved in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, and key signaling steps of innate immune activation hence represent promising therapeutic targets. This mini review series originated from the 4th Venusberg Meeting on Neuroinflammation held in Bonn, Germany, 7–9th May 2015, presenting updates on innate immunity in acute brain injury and chronic neurodegenerative disorders, such as traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease, on the role of astrocytes and microglia, as well as technical developments that may help elucidate neuroinflammatory mechanisms and establish clinical relevance. In this meeting report, a brief overview on physiological and pathological microglia morphology is followed by a synopsis on PGE2 receptors, insights into the role of arginine metabolism and further relevant aspects of neuroinflammation in various clinical settings, and concluded by a presentation of technical challenges and solutions when working with microglia cultures. Microglial ontogeny and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia, advances of TREM2 signaling, and the cytokine paradox in Alzheimer's disease are further contributions to this article. © 2016 International Society for Neurochemistry
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Andreasson, Ulf, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Commutability of the certified reference materials for the standardization of beta-amyloid 1-42 assay in human cerebrospinal fluid: lessons for tau and beta-amyloid 1-40 measurements
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 56:12, s. 2058-2066
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The core Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), beta-amyloid 1-42 (A beta 42) and beta-amyloid 1-40 (A beta 40) are increasing in importance and are now part of the research criteria for the diagnosis of the disease. The main aim of this study is to evaluate whether a set of certified reference materials (CRMs) are commutable for A beta 42 and to serve as a feasibility study for the other markers. This property is a prerequisite for the establishment of CRMs which will then be used by manufacturers to calibrate their assays against. Once the preanalytical factors have been standardized and proper selection criteria are available for subject cohorts this harmonization between methods will allow for universal cut-offs to be determined. Methods: Thirty-four individual CSF samples and three different CRMs where analyzed for T-tau, P-tau, A beta 42 and A beta 40, using up to seven different commercially available methods. For A beta 40 and A beta 42 a mass spectrometry-based procedure was also employed. Results: There were strong pairwise correlations between the different methods (Spearman's p>0.92) for all investigated analytes and the CRMs were not distinguishable from the individual samples. Conclusions: This study shows that the CRMs are commutable for the different assays for A beta 42. For the other analytes the results show that it would be feasible to also produce CRMs for these. However, additional studies are needed as the concentration interval for the CRMs were selected based on A beta 42 concentrations only and did in general not cover satisfactory large concentration intervals for the other analytes.
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| 31. |
- Babicheva, T., et al.
(författare)
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The matching problem of empty vehicle redistribution in autonomous taxi systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: The 9th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT 2018) / The 8th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Information Technology (SEIT-2018) / Affiliated Workshops. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 119-125
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses empty vehicle redistribution algorithms for PRT and autonomous taxi services from a passenger service perspective. In modern literature reactive methods such as nearest neighbours are commonly used. In this article we first formulate the general matching problem on a bipartite graph of available vehicles and stations. In addition, we propose a new index-based proactive redistribution (IBR) algorithm based on predicted near-future demand at stations. Test results of six variations of combined proactive and reactive strategies on a test case in Saclay, France with 20 stations and 100 vehicles are given. The combined Nearest Neighbour / IBR provides a promising solution for both peak and off-peak demand, significantly outperforming all other methods considered, in terms of passenger waiting time (both average and maximum) as well as in terms of station queue lengths.
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| 32. |
- Bartosik, I, et al.
(författare)
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Vascular events are risk factors for anal incontinence in systemic sclerosis: a study of morphology and functional properties measured by anal endosonography and manometry.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7732 .- 0300-9742. ; 43:5, s. 391-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To study anal sphincter morphology, anal sphincter pressure, and rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) complicated by anal incontinence (AI) and to investigate possible risk factors for AI in SSc. Method: Nineteen SSc patients with severe AI were investigated using anal endosonography, anal manometry, and rectal manovolumetry. To determine risk factors for AI, disease characteristics of SSc patients with AI were compared with those of 95 SSc patients without AI; there were five matched SSc patients without AI for each SSc patient with AI. Results: The mean (SD) internal sphincter thickness was 1.3 (0.46) mm in patients with AI, which was thinner (p < 0.001) than reference data from healthy individuals whose internal sphincter measured 2.2 (0.45) mm, whereas the external sphincter thickness did not differ. The mean (SD) resting pressure in AI patients was lower than the reference data from healthy individuals [60 (22) vs. 94 (29) mmHg, p < 0.002] whereas the squeeze pressure did not differ. Centromeric antibodies and features of vascular disease [i.e. the presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), digital ulcers, pitting scars, or the need for iloprost infusions] were associated with AI whereas fibrotic manifestations [i.e. modified Rodnan skin score (mRss), the diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) subset, or low vital capacity (VC)] were not. Conclusions: SSc patients with AI have a thin internal anal sphincter and a low resting pressure. Risk factors for AI among SSc patients are centromeric antibodies and vascular disease, which supports the hypothesis that gastrointestinal involvement in SSc is in part a vascular manifestation of the disease.
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| 33. |
- Barty, A., et al.
(författare)
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Self-terminating diffraction gates femtosecond X-ray nanocrystallography measurements
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 6:1, s. 35-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray free-electron lasers have enabled new approaches to the structural determination of protein crystals that are too small or radiation-sensitive for conventional analysis1. For sufficiently short pulses, diffraction is collected before significant changes occur to the sample, and it has been predicted that pulses as short as 10 fs may be required to acquire atomic-resolution structural information1, 2, 3, 4. Here, we describe a mechanism unique to ultrafast, ultra-intense X-ray experiments that allows structural information to be collected from crystalline samples using high radiation doses without the requirement for the pulse to terminate before the onset of sample damage. Instead, the diffracted X-rays are gated by a rapid loss of crystalline periodicity, producing apparent pulse lengths significantly shorter than the duration of the incident pulse. The shortest apparent pulse lengths occur at the highest resolution, and our measurements indicate that current X-ray free-electron laser technology5 should enable structural determination from submicrometre protein crystals with atomic resolution.
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| 34. |
- Bedoni, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Mutations in the polyglutamylase gene TTLL5, expressed in photoreceptor cells and spermatozoa, are associated with cone-rod degeneration and reduced male fertility
- 2016
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - 0964-6906. ; 25:20, s. 4546-4555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hereditary retinal degenerations encompass a group of genetic diseases characterized by extreme clinical variability. Following next-generation sequencing and autozygome-based screening of patients presenting with a peculiar, recessive form of cone-dominated retinopathy, we identified five homozygous variants [p.(Asp594fs), p.(Gln117*), p.(Met712fs), p.(Ile756Phe), and p.(Glu543Lys)] in the polyglutamylase-encoding gene TTLL5, in eight patients from six families. The two male patients carrying truncating TTLL5 variants also displayed a substantial reduction in sperm motility and infertility, whereas those carrying missense changes were fertile. Defects in this polyglutamylase in humans have recently been associated with cone photoreceptor dystrophy, while mouse models carrying truncating mutations in the same gene also display reduced fertility in male animals. We examined the expression levels of TTLL5 in various human tissues and determined that this gene has multiple viable isoforms, being highly expressed in testis and retina. In addition, antibodies against TTLL5 stained the basal body of photoreceptor cells in rat and the centrosome of the spermatozoon flagellum in humans, suggesting a common mechanism of action in these two cell types. Taken together, our data indicate that mutations in TTLL5 delineate a novel, allele-specific syndrome causing defects in two as yet pathogenically unrelated functions, reproduction and vision.
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| 35. |
- Bos, I., et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration, synaptic integrity, and astroglial activation across the clinical Alzheimer's disease spectrum
- 2019
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Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 15:5, s. 644-654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: We investigated relations between amyloid-beta (A beta) status, apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4, and cognition, with cerebrospinal fluid markers of neurogranin (Ng), neurofilament light (NFL), YKL-40, and total tau (T-tau). Methods: We included 770 individuals with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type dementia from the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study. We tested the association of Ng, NFL, YKL-40, and T-tau with A beta status (Ab beta- vs. A beta+), clinical diagnosis APOE epsilon 4 carriership, baseline cognition, and change in cognition. Results: Ng and T-tau distinguished between A beta+ from A beta- individuals in each clinical group, whereas NFL and YKL-40 were associated with A beta+ in nondemented individuals only. APOE epsilon 4 carriership did not influence NFL, Ng, and YKL-40 in A beta+ individuals. NFL was the best predictor of cognitive decline in A beta+ individuals across the cognitive spectrum. Discussion: Axonal degeneration, synaptic dysfunction, astroglial activation, and altered tau metabolism are involved already in preclinical AD. NFL may be a useful prognostic marker. (C) 2019 the Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 36. |
- Burghout, Wilco, et al.
(författare)
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Incident management and traffic information : Simulation-based traffic prediction
- 2009
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Ingår i: 16th ITS World Congress.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incident response and mitigation are the main tasks of operators at traffic control centres. Simulation models have a good chance of reproducing and predicting the effects of incident response by explicitly modelling drivers' responses to the incident and provided information. In the PREDIKT project, sponsored by the Swedish National Road Administration, a state-of-the-art mesoscopic simulation model (MEZZO) has been extended to provide decision support for incident management. In this paper we describe and test a number of essential modelling components such as modelling the incident response logic, a mixed-Logit model and a method for generation of alternative routes for drivers' route switching. In addition we present the results of a fast calibration method based on Simultaneous Perturbation Statistic Approximation (SPSA). The model components are tested in a small case study that investigates the impact of delay in information after incidents.
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| 37. |
- Ciray, Ipek, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of new sclerotic bone metastases in breast cancer patients during treatment
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 41:2, s. 178-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for response of bone metastases to therapy, new lesions indicate progressive disease. We intended to prove that a new sclerotic lesion on conventional radiography may also be a sign of a positive therapeutic response in a previously undetectable lytic metastasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a previous placebo-controlled clinical trial of clodronate (Ostac) therapy, 139 breast cancer patients with bone metastases underwent both conventional radiography and bone scan every 6 months for 2 years with 99mTc before and during clodronate treatment. WHO criteria were applied for therapy response evaluation. RESULTS: In 24 patients, 52 new sclerotic lesions observed during therapy were selected for re-evaluation of conventional radiographs and bone scans. In 8 of the 24 patients, 17 of 52 new sclerotic lesions (33%) had showed positive uptake on previous bone scans. These lesions were possibly misinterpreted as new when applying WHO criteria. CONCLUSION: For better assessment of new sclerotic lesions during treatment, more sensitive techniques, e.g. bone scan, are needed as a complement to conventional radiography.
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| 38. |
- Cryan, James P., et al.
(författare)
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Auger Electron Angular Distribution of Double Core-Hole States in the Molecular Reference Frame
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 105:8, s. 083004-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Linac Coherent Light Source free electron laser is a source of high brightness x rays, 2×1011 photons in a ∼5 fs pulse, that can be focused to produce double core vacancies through rapid sequential ionization. This enables double core vacancy Auger electron spectroscopy, an entirely new way to study femtosecond chemical dynamics with Auger electrons that probe the local valence structure of molecules near a specific atomic core. Using 1.1 keV photons for sequential x-ray ionization of impulsively aligned molecular nitrogen, we observed a rich single-site double core vacancy Auger electron spectrum near 413 eV, in good agreement with ab initio calculations, and we measured the corresponding Auger electron angle dependence in the molecular frame.
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| 39. |
- Cryan, J P, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular frame Auger electron energy spectrum from N2
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 45:5, s. 055601-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we present the first angle-resolved, non-resonant (normal) Auger spectra for impulsively aligned nitrogen molecules. We have measured the angular pattern of Auger electron emission following K -shell photoionization by 1.1 keV photons from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Using strong-field-induced molecular alignment to make molecular frame measurements is equally effective for both repulsive and quasi-bound final states. The capability to resolve Auger emission angular distributions in the molecular frame of reference provides a new tool for spectral assignments in congested Auger electron spectra that takes advantage of the symmetries of the final diction states. Based on our experimental results and theoretical predictions, we propose the assignment of the spectral features in the Auger electron spectrum.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Ericson, E., et al.
(författare)
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Hepatic patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 levels are increased in I148M risk allele carriers and correlate with NAFLD in humans
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hepatology communications.. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2471-254X. ; 6:10, s. 2689-2701
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 variant is a contributor. In mice, the Pnpla3 148M variant accumulates on lipid droplets and probably leads to sequestration of a lipase cofactor leading to impaired mobilization of triglycerides. To advance our understanding of the localization and abundance of PNPLA3 protein in humans, we used liver biopsies from patients with NAFLD to investigate the link to NAFLD and the PNPLA3 148M genotype. We experimentally qualified an antibody against human PNPLA3. Hepatic PNPLA3 protein fractional area and localization were determined by immunohistochemistry in biopsies from a well-characterized NAFLD cohort of 67 patients. Potential differences in hepatic PNPLA3 protein levels among patients related to degree of steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis, and PNPLA3 I148M gene variants were assessed. Immunohistochemistry staining in biopsies from patients with NAFLD showed that hepatic PNPLA3 protein was predominantly localized to the membranes of small and large lipid droplets in hepatocytes. PNPLA3 protein levels correlated strongly with steatosis grade (p = 0.000027) and were also significantly higher in patients with lobular inflammation (p = 0.009), ballooning (p = 0.022), and significant fibrosis (stage 2-4, p = 0.014). In addition, PNPLA3 levels were higher in PNPLA3 rs738409 148M (CG, GG) risk allele carriers compared to 148I (CC) nonrisk allele carriers (p = 0.0029). Conclusion: PNPLA3 protein levels were associated with increased hepatic lipid content and disease severity in patients with NAFLD and were higher in PNPLA3 rs738409 (148M) risk allele carriers. Our hypothesis that increased hepatic levels of PNPLA3 may be part of the pathophysiological mechanism of NAFLD is supported.
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| 42. |
- Friedman, James S., et al.
(författare)
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Mutations in a BTB-Kelch Protein, KLHL7, Cause Autosomal-Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297. ; 84:6, s. 792-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) refers to a genetically heterogeneous group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases that result in dysfunction and/or death of rod and cone photoreceptors in the retina. So far, 18 genes have been identified for autosomal-dominant (ad) RP. Here, we describe an adRP locus (RP42) at chromosome 7p15 through linkage analysis in a six-generation Scandinavian family and identify a disease-causing mutation, c.449G -> A (p.S150N), in exon 6 of the KLHL7 gene. Mutation screening of KLHL7 in 502 retinopathy probands has revealed three different missense mutations in six independent families. KLHL7 is widely expressed, including expression in rod photoreceptors, and encodes a 75 kDa protein of the BTB-Kelch Subfamily within the BTB superfamily. BTB-Kelch proteins have been implicated in ubiquitination through Cullin E3 ligases. Notably, all three putative disease-causing KLHL7 mutations are within a conserved BACK domain; homology modeling suggests that mutant amino acid side chains can potentially fill the cleft between two helices, thereby affecting the ubiquitination complexes. Mutations in an identical region of another BTB-Kelch protein, gigaxonin, have previously been associated with giant axonal neuropathy. Our studies suggest an additional role of the ubiquitin-proteasome protein-degradation pathway in maintaining neuronal health and in disease.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Glownia, James M., et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved pump-probe experiments at the LCLS
- 2010
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 18:17, s. 17620-17630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first time-resolved x-ray/optical pump-probe experiments at the SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) used a combination of feedback methods and post-analysis binning techniques to synchronize an ultrafast optical laser to the linac-based x-ray laser. Transient molecular nitrogen alignment revival features were resolved in time-dependent x-ray-induced fragmentation spectra. These alignment features were used to find the temporal overlap of the pump and probe pulses. The strong-field dissociation of x-ray generated quasi-bound molecular dications was used to establish the residual timing jitter. This analysis shows that the relative arrival time of the Ti:Sapphire laser and the x-ray pulses had a distribution with a standard deviation of approximately 120 fs. The largest contribution to the jitter noise spectrum was the locking of the laser oscillator to the reference RF of the accelerator, which suggests that simple technical improvements could reduce the jitter to better than 50 fs.
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| 46. |
- Gobom, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the LUMIPULSE automated immunoassay for the measurement of core AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1437-4331 .- 1434-6621. ; 60:2, s. 207-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers; total tau (tTau), phospho-tau (pTau), amyloid β1-42(Aβ 1-42), and the Aβ 1-42/Aβ 1-40 ratio have transformed Alzheimer's disease (AD) research and are today increasingly used in clinical routine laboratories as diagnostic tools. Fully automated immunoassay instruments with ready-to-use assay kits and calibrators has simplified their analysis and improved reproducibility of measurements. We evaluated the analytical performance of the fully automated immunoassay instrument LUMIPULSE G (Fujirebio) for measurement of the four core AD CSF biomarkers and determined cutpoints for AD diagnosis.Comparison of the LUMIPULSE G assays was performed with the established INNOTEST ELISAs (Fujirebio) for hTau Ag, pTau 181, β-amyloid 1-42, and with V-PLEX Plus Aβ Peptide Panel 1 (6E10) (Meso Scale Discovery) for Aβ 1-42/Aβ 1-40, as well as with a LC-MS reference method for Aβ 1-42. Intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility was evaluated for all assays. Clinical cutpoints for Aβ 1-42, tTau, and pTau was determined by analysis of three cohorts of clinically diagnosed patients, comprising 651 CSF samples. For the Aβ 1-42/Aβ 1-40 ratio, the cutpoint was determined by mixture model analysis of 2,782 CSF samples.The LUMIPULSE G assays showed strong correlation to all other immunoassays (r>0.93 for all assays). The repeatability (intra-laboratory) CVs ranged between 2.0 and 5.6%, with the highest variation observed for β-amyloid 1-40. The reproducibility (inter-laboratory) CVs ranged between 2.1 and 6.5%, with the highest variation observed for β-amyloid 1-42. The clinical cutpoints for AD were determined to be 409ng/L for total tau, 50.2ng/L for pTau 181, 526ng/L for β-amyloid 1-42, and 0.072 for the Aβ 1-42/Aβ 1-40 ratio.Our results suggest that the LUMIPULSE G assays for the CSF AD biomarkers are fit for purpose in clinical laboratory practice. Further, they corroborate earlier presented reference limits for the biomarkers.
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| 47. |
- Gustavsson, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid levels of insulin, leptin, and agouti-related protein in relation to BMI in pregnant women
- 2016
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381. ; 24:6, s. 1299-1304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveDuring pregnancy, metabolic interactions must be adapted, though neuroendocrine mechanisms for increased food intake are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize differences in insulin, leptin, and agouti-related protein (AgRP) levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in pregnant women with normal weight (NW) and pregnant women with overweight (OW) or obesity (OB). Placenta as a source for increased peripheral AgRP levels during pregnancy was also investigated. MethodsWomen were recruited at admission for elective cesarean section. Insulin, AgRP, and leptin were measured in serum and CSF from 30 NW, 25 OW, and 21 OB at term. Serum during pregnancy and placenta at term were collected for further AgRP analysis. ResultsImmunohistology showed placental production of AgRP and serum AgRP levels increased throughout pregnancy. CSF AgRP, leptin, and insulin levels were higher in OW and OB than NW. Serum leptin and insulin levels were higher and AgRP lower in OB than NW. ConclusionsHigh serum AgRP levels might protect from the suppressive effects of leptin during pregnancy. Pregnant women with OB and OW might further be protected from the suppressive effect of leptin by high CSF AgRP levels. Evidence was found, for the first time, of human placental AgRP production mirrored by levels in the circulation.
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| 48. |
- Hajkova, V., et al.
(författare)
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X-ray laser-induced ablation of lead compounds
- 2011
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Ingår i: DAMAGE TO VUV, EUV, AND X-RAY OPTICS III. - : SPIE.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent commissioning of a X-ray free-electron laser triggered an extensive research in the area of X-ray ablation of high-Z, high-density materials. Such compounds should be used to shorten an effective attenuation length for obtaining clean ablation imprints required for the focused beam analysis. Compounds of lead (Z=82) represent the materials of first choice. In this contribution, single-shot ablation thresholds are reported for PbWO(4) and PbI(2) exposed to ultra-short pulses of extreme ultraviolet radiation and X-rays at FLASH and LCLS facilities, respectively. Interestingly, the threshold reaches only 0.11 J/cm(2) at 1.55 nm in lead tungstate although a value of 0.4 J/cm(2) is expected according to the wavelength dependence of an attenuation length and the threshold value determined in the XUV spectral region, i.e., 79 mJ/cm(2) at a FEL wavelength of 13.5 nm. Mechanisms of ablation processes are discussed to explain this discrepancy. Lead iodide shows at 1.55 nm significantly lower ablation threshold than tungstate although an attenuation length of the radiation is in both materials quite the same. Lower thermal and radiation stability of PbI(2) is responsible for this finding.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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