| 1. |
- Kotthoff, U., et al.
(författare)
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Reconstructing Holocene temperature and salinity variations in the western Baltic Sea region: a multi-proxy comparison from the Little Belt (IODP Expedition 347, Site M0059)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 14, s. 5607-5632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sediment records recovered from the Baltic Sea during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 347 provide a unique opportunity to study paleoenvironmental and climate change in central and northern Europe. Such studies contribute to a better understanding of how environmental parameters change in continental shelf seas and enclosed basins. Here we present a multi-proxy-based reconstruction of paleotemperature (both marine and terrestrial), paleosalinity, and paleoecosystem changes from the Little Belt (Site M0059) over the past ∼ 8000 years and evaluate the applicability of inorganic- and organic-based proxies in this particular setting. All salinity proxies (diatoms, aquatic palynomorphs, ostracods, diol index) show that lacustrine conditions occurred in the Little Belt until ∼ 7400 cal yr BP. A connection to the Kattegat at this time can thus be excluded, but a direct connection to the Baltic Proper may have existed. The transition to the brackish–marine conditions of the Littorina Sea stage (more saline and warmer) occurred within ∼ 200 years when the connection to the Kattegat became established after ∼ 7400 cal yr BP. The different salinity proxies used here generally show similar trends in relative changes in salinity, but often do not allow quantitative estimates of salinity. The reconstruction of water temperatures is associated with particularly large uncertainties and variations in absolute values by up to 8 °C for bottom waters and up to 16 °C for surface waters. Concerning the reconstruction of temperature using foraminiferal Mg / Ca ratios, contamination by authigenic coatings in the deeper intervals may have led to an overestimation of temperatures. Differences in results based on the lipid paleothermometers (long chain diol index and TEXL86) can partly be explained by the application of modern-day proxy calibrations to intervals that experienced significant changes in depositional settings: in the case of our study, the change from freshwater to marine conditions. Our study shows that particular caution has to be taken when applying and interpreting proxies in coastal environments and marginal seas, where water mass conditions can experience more rapid and larger changes than in open ocean settings. Approaches using a multitude of independent proxies may thus allow a more robust paleoenvironmental assessment.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ahlberg, M., et al.
(författare)
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Time without PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy as a predictor of prostate cancer death
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 81:Suppl. 1, s. S286-S286
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction & Objectives: Although surveillance after radical prostatectomy routinely includes repeated Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)-testing for many years, biochemical recurrence often occurs without further clinical progression. We therefore hypothesised that follow-up can be shortened for many patients without increasing the risk for prostate cancer death. We investigated the long-term probabilities of PSA recurrence, metastases and prostate cancer death in patients without biochemical recurrence 5 and 10 years after radical prostatectomy.Materials & Methods: Between 1989 and 1998, 14 urological centres in Scandinavia randomized patients to the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group study number 4 (SPCG-4) trial. Data was collected prospectively. All 306 patients from the SPCG-4 trial who underwent radical prostatectomy within 1 year from inclusion were eligible in our cohort. 4 patients were excluded due to surgery-related death (n=1) or salvage radiotherapy or hormonal treatment within 6 weeks from surgery (n=3). We stratified by Gleason score (≤3+4=7 or ≥4+3=7), pathological tumour stage (pT2 or ≥pT3), and negative or positive surgical margins. We analysed the cumulative incidences and absolute differences in metastatic disease and prostate cancer death.Results: We analysed 302 patients with complete follow-up during a median of 18 years. Median preoperative PSA was 9.8 ng/ml and median age at inclusion was 65 years. For patients without biochemical recurrence 5 years after radical prostatectomy the 20-year probability of biochemical recurrence was 25% among men with Gleason score ≤3+4=7 and 57% among men with Gleason score ≥4+3=7; the probabilities for metastases were 0.8% and 17%; and for prostate cancer death 0.8% and 12% respectively. The long-term probabilities were higher for pT≥3 vs. pT2 and for positive vs. negative surgical margins.Conclusions: Following radical prostatectomy, patients with Gleason score ≤3+4=7 without biochemical recurrence 5 years after radical prostatectomy had low risk of metastases and prostate cancer death independent of pT-stage and surgical margins. The risk of clinical progression decreased drastically the first 3 years after radical prostatectomy and after 10 years without biochemical recurrence, no patient was diagnosed with metastases or died from prostate cancer. Our study indicates that men with favourable histopathology without biochemical recurrence 5 years after radical prostatectomy can stop follow-up earlier than 10 years after radical prostatectomy while men with adverse pathology should continue with at least 10 years follow-up
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| 4. |
- Bill-Axelson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Radical Prostatectomy or Watchful Waiting in Prostate Cancer-29-Year Follow-up
- 2018
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachussetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 379:24, s. 2319-2329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Radical prostatectomy reduces mortality among men with clinically detected localized prostate cancer, but evidence from randomized trials with long-term followup is sparse. METHODS We randomly assigned 695 men with localized prostate cancer to watchful waiting or radical prostatectomy from October 1989 through February 1999 and collected follow-up data through 2017. Cumulative incidence and relative risks with 95% confidence intervals for death from any cause, death from prostate cancer, and metastasis were estimated in intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, and numbers of years of life gained were estimated. We evaluated the prognostic value of histopathological measures with a Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS By December 31, 2017, a total of 261 of the 347 men in the radical-prostatectomy group and 292 of the 348 men in the watchful-waiting group had died; 71 deaths in the radical-prostatectomy group and 110 in the watchful-waiting group were due to prostate cancer (relative risk, 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.74; P<0.001; absolute difference in risk, 11.7 percentage points; 95% CI, 5.2 to 18.2). The number needed to treat to avert one death from any cause was 8.4. At 23 years, a mean of 2.9 extra years of life were gained with radical prostatectomy. Among the men who underwent radical prostatectomy, extracapsular extension was associated with a risk of death from prostate cancer that was 5 times as high as that among men without extracapsular extension, and a Gleason score higher than 7 was associated with a risk that was 10 times as high as that with a score of 6 or lower (scores range from 2 to 10, with higher scores indicating more aggressive cancer). CONCLUSIONS Men with clinically detected, localized prostate cancer and a long life expectancy benefited from radical prostatectomy, with a mean of 2.9 years of life gained. A high Gleason score and the presence of extracapsular extension in the radical prostatectomy specimens were highly predictive of death from prostate cancer.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dahl, Martin, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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A 2,000-Year Record of Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) : Colonization Shows Substantial Gains in Blue Carbon Storage and Nutrient Retention
- 2024
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Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 38:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing historical environmental conditions linked to habitat colonization is important for understanding long-term resilience and improving conservation and restoration efforts. Such information is lacking for the seagrass Zostera marina, an important foundation species across cold-temperate coastal areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we reconstructed environmental conditions during the last 14,000 years from sediment cores in two eelgrass (Z. marina) meadows along the Swedish west coast, with the main aims to identify the time frame of seagrass colonization and describe subsequent biogeochemical changes following establishment. Based on vegetation proxies (lipid biomarkers), eelgrass colonization occurred about 2,000 years ago after geomorphological changes that resulted in a shallow, sheltered environment favoring seagrass growth. Seagrass establishment led to up to 20- and 24-fold increases in sedimentary carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates, respectively. This demonstrates the capacity of seagrasses as efficient ecosystem engineers and their role in global change mitigation and adaptation through CO2 removal, and nutrient and sediment retention. By combining regional climate projections and landscape models, we assessed potential climate change effects on seagrass growth, productivity and distribution until 2100. These predictions showed that seagrass meadows are mostly at risk from increased sedimentation and hydrodynamic changes, while the impact from sea level rise alone might be of less importance in the studied area. This study showcases the positive feedback between seagrass colonization and environmental conditions, which holds promise for successful conservation and restoration efforts aimed at supporting climate change mitigation and adaptation, and the provision of several other crucial ecosystem services. © 2024. The Authors.
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| 7. |
- Demichelis, F., et al.
(författare)
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TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion associated with lethal prostate cancer in a watchful waiting cohort
- 2007
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Ingår i: Oncogene. - Basingstoke : Nature Publ. Group. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 26:31, s. 4596-4599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The identification of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion in prostate cancer suggests that distinct molecular subtypes may define risk for disease progression. In surgical series, TMPRSS2:ERG fusion was identified in 50% of the tumors. Here, we report on a population-based cohort of men with localized prostate cancers followed by expectant (watchful waiting) therapy with 15% (17/111) TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. We identified a statistically significant association between TMPRSS2:ERG fusion and prostate cancer specific death (cumulative incidence ratio=2.7, P<0.01, 95% confidence interval=1.3–5.8). Quantitative reverse-transcription–polymerase chain reaction demonstrated high estrogen-regulated gene (ERG) expression to be associated with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion (P<0.005). These data suggest that TMPRSS2:ERG fusion prostate cancers may have a more aggressive phenotype, possibly mediated through increased ERG expression.
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| 8. |
- Erneman, J., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between quantitative metallography and modeling of sigma-phase particle growth in AISI 347 stainless steel
- 2005
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 36A:10, s. 2595-2600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comparison was made between two experimental methods to determine the (T-phase volume fraction and three methods to model a-phase growth in a niobium-stabilized stainless steel (AISI 347). The a-phase volume fraction and precipitate size were determined in material statically aged and creep deformed at 700 degrees C with both KOH etched specimens using bright field optical microscopy (OM/BF) (conventional method) and specimens etched with oxalic acid using scanning electron microscopy and backscattered electrons (SEM/BSE) (new method). Both experimental methods used manual thresholding together with digital image analysis. The calculations were made with DICTRA software, using both the TCFE database and the SSOL database with some modification concerning the effect of silicon on the stability of sigma-phase particles. The modeled sigma-phase volume- fractions showed rather good agreement with the measured results from statically aged material using the new method. It was found that the stabilizing effect of silicon on sigma phase should be included in the thermodynamic database used for modeling.
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| 9. |
- Erneman, J., et al.
(författare)
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Precipitation reactions caused by nitrogen uptake during service at high temperatures of a niobium stabilised austenitic steel
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 52:14, s. 4337-4350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precipitation phenomena in type 347 austenitic stainless steels have been investigated after long-term heat treatment and creep in air at 700 and 800 degreesC. Nitrogen uptake was observed during long-term creep testing at 800 degreesC. No such effect was observed at 700 degreesC although times up to about 70,000 h were used. The major phases precipitated after long time exposure at 800 degreesC were primary Nb(C,N), Z-phase, Cr2N and M23C6, while primary Nb(C,N), secondary Nb(C,N) and sigma-phase were the major phases at 700 degreesC. Z-phase precipitated in both intragranular and intergranular form at 800 degreesC. Large precipitates exhibiting a core/rim structure showed a rim of Z-phase surrounding undissolved primary Nb(C,N). The microstructural evolution during creep deformation in air at 800 degreesC was modelled thermodynamically. The model satisfactorily predicts nitrogen uptake and the essential features of the evolution of the microstructure with time. The precipitation sequence could be qualitatively described, although it was not possible to model the formation of all precipitates.
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| 10. |
- Erneman, J., et al.
(författare)
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The evolution of primary and secondary niobium carbonitrides in AISI 347 stainless steel during manufacturing and long-term ageing
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 54:1, s. 67-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nb(C,N) precipitates were studied in a niobium-stabilised stainless steel (AISI 347) statically aged at 700 degrees C. Scanning electron microscopy and energy filtered transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the volume fraction and precipitate size of primary and secondary Nb(C,N) after ageing times between 0 and 70,000 h. The experimental data were correlated with simulations of Nb(C,N) formation based on the assumption that the process is controlled by diffusion. These simulations provide a rationale for the existence of two sets of mobium carbonitrides in commercial tubes of AISI 347. Growth of primary Nb(C,N) occurred essentially during manufacturing, with no significant growth at 700 degrees C. Rapid dissolution and re-precipitation of secondary Nb(C,N) occurred during manufacturing. Coarsening at 700 degrees C of secondary particles was modelled using the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory, which overestimated the coarsening rate. These problems were overcome with a model developed by the authors. This model takes both growth and coarsening into account.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hyttinen, O., et al.
(författare)
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Deglaciation dynamics of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet in the Kattegat, the gateway between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea Basin
- 2021
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 50:2, s. 351-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an age–depth model based on an ultra-high-resolution, 80-m-thick sedimentary succession from a marine continental shelf basin, the Kattegat. This is an area of dynamic deglaciation of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet during the Late Pleistocene. The Kattegat is also a transitional area between the saline North Sea and the brackish Baltic Sea. As such, it records general development of currents and exchange between these two systems. Data for the succession were provided through the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site M0060. The site indicates onset of deglaciation at c. 18 ka BP and relatively continuous sedimentation until 13 ka BP. At this point, sediments record a hiatus until c. 9–7 ka BP. The uppermost sedimentary unit contains redeposited material, but it is estimated to represent only the last c. 9–7 ka BP. The age–depth model is based on 17 select, radiocarbon-dated samples and is integrated with a set of physical and chemical proxies. The integrated records provide novel constraints on the timing of major palaeoenvironmental changes, such as the transition from glaciomarine proximal to glaciomarine distal and marine conditions, and their connections to known major events and processes in the region and the North Atlantic. Depositional evidence specifically documents connections between the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet behaviour and atmospheric and oceanic warming. Glacial retreat may have also depended on topographic factors such as changes in basin width and depth, linked to relative sea level changes and land uplift. The results indicate an early response of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet to changing climate, and the ice sheet's possible influence on oceanic circulation during the Late Pleistocene deglaciation.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Schwind, M., et al.
(författare)
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sigma-phase precipitation in stabilized austenitic stainless steels
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 48:10, s. 2473-2481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental observations of sigma-phase precipitation in two stabilized austenitic stainless steers, AISI 321 and AISI 347, aged up to 80,000 h at temperatures between 500 and 800 degrees C, are compared with the results obtained from a simple model of the process. The model is based on the assumption that diffusion of alloying elements from inside austenite grains to sigma-phase particles at grain boundaries limits the rate of formation, and this is supported by the presence of zones depleted in chromium at grain boundaries revealed by TEM/EDS. The full multicomponent thermodynamic behaviour of the system is taken into account using the DICTRA software and the influence of grain shape is discussed. The predictions of the model are in fair agreement with experimentally estimated Volume fractions of sigma-phase.
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| 15. |
- Shoja, S., et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced steel machining performance using texture-controlled CVD alpha-alumina coatings : Fundamental degradation mechanisms
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. - 0890-6955. ; 197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cemented carbide inserts coated with CVD α-alumina, particularly those exhibiting a (0001) texture, have proven highly effective in steel turning. Despite the established superior performance of (0001) textured alumina coatings, the underlying reasons remain unclear. This study explores the influence of the crystallographic texture of alumina on wear mechanisms in various chip-tool contact zones on the insert rake face. The objective is to establish a fundamental understanding of the active degradation mechanisms and machining performance by relating coating texture to the orientation and deformation of individual Al2O3 grains. Two multilayered coatings, Al2O3 on Ti(C,N), featuring (0001)- and (112‾0)-textured CVD α-alumina, were assessed in dry turning of a bearing steel. The wear rate of the (112‾0) coating was double that of the (0001) coating. Worn coatings exhibit nano-terrace formation at the insert edge, likely due to chemical etching. In the sticking zone, plastic deformation leads to larger facets for grains oriented with the chip flow direction, while rounded surfaces result if this condition is not met. In the transition zone, both (0001) and (112‾0) textured coatings undergo increased plastic deformation accompanied by sub-surface dislocations. (0001) texture deforms more by basal slip creating a wavy coating pattern with steps present at larger misalignments of the lattice planes in neighboring grains while (112‾0) texture deforms by several slip systems creating elongated ridges and ruptured-like areas resulting in rougher surface. This difference in surface morphology is then inherited by the abrasion of submicron coating fragments embedded in the chip (more in (112‾0) texture) in the sliding zone resulting in an even rougher surface. Chemical reaction with the hot chip may also contribute to wear acting as an additional mechanism. This fundamental understanding contributes to the potential enhancement of steel machining using texture-controlled CVD alumina coatings, ultimately improving coated cutting tool performance.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Andrén, Anna, 1970-
(författare)
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Freezing Temperature Flows in Railway Tunnels and its Consequence on the Rock Supporting Structure, the Rock and the Reinforcing Elements
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Water in the surrounding rock mass flows into the tunnel via naturally occurring joints and via cracks caused by the blasting used to excavate the tunnel. The most common method in Sweden to reduce or prevent leakage problems are first and foremost the use of grouting. However, experience shows that despite extensive pre-grouting and supplementary post-grouting, it is difficult to seal the rock mass so that drips and moisture are completely eliminated. Although the water itself causes degradation of the tunnel, the degradation process increases dramatically when the water is exposed to freezing temperatures. Water expands during freezing and due to water migration, which occurs in rock in a similar way as in soil, the ice causes frost shattering of the interface between rock and shotcrete and also to the shotcrete and the rock itself. This can damage the main load-bearing system. The ice formation itself is a maintenance problem, as the tunnels must be kept clear of icicles, ice pillars and ice layers in the tracks or on the roads. One of the main tasks in this research project has been to identify which problems cause the most maintenance work and where and when these problems occur in the tunnel.During the field observations carried out as part of this doctoral study, many problems with water and ice were discovered, all of which contribute to increased maintenance. Many ice problems are directly linked to frost insulated drain mats. Leakage and ice formations occur at the edge of the drains, in mat splices and when brackets for cable racks, handrails or other installations puncture a drain and it has not been properly sealed. In drains covered with shotcrete, frost shattering and cracking in the shotcrete can be a problem. Frost cycles in the tunnel cause the water to freeze and thaw alternately, allowing more water to reach the freezing area due to water migration, resulting in frost shattering of the rock and the shotcrete. If not anchored with bolts, the reinforcing effect and the stability of shotcrete in a tunnel is dependent on the adhesion to the rock surface. It is, therefore, important to take all available measures to ensure good adhesion. Poor adhesion in itself is not a degradation problem, but a void can form in the interface between rock and shotcrete as a result of poor adhesion. If this void is filled with water that cannot drain away, ice pressure can occur in the layer between rock and shotcrete. The ice pressure can cause cracking and degradation of the shotcrete if the pressure exceeds the tensile strength of the adjacent material. In some of the reported fall-outs of rock and shotcrete, an ice layer was discovered between the rock surface and the edges of the remaining shotcrete layer. Therefore, frost shattering is a likely cause of the fall-outs. Many frost cycles combined with water leakage can cause frost shattering. The field measurements conducted as a part of the doctoral study have shown that most frost cycles do not occur closest to the tunnel entrances, but instead about 100 to 200 m into the longer tunnels. The results from the laboratory tests performed as part of the doctoral study showed that the adhesive strength between rock and shotcrete decreased significantly when the test panels were subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. Furthermore, more of the micro seismic events (AE - acoustic emission monitoring) occurred in the test panels that had access to water during freezing. Therefor, maintenance personnel and inspectors should pay particular attention to water leakage in sections that have an increased number of frost cycles, to avoid future problems with frost shattering of rock or shotcrete. In the longer tunnels studied in this work, a greater number of ice formations occurred in the inner parts of the tunnel, than close to the entrances. The rock mass emits heat, which heats up the cold outside air that enters the tunnel. Due to the heat transfer from the rock mass, leakage points located further along the tunnels can remain unfrozen. A leak that is closer to the tunnel entrances in the longer tunnels or a leak in a shorter tunnel are exposed to higher freezing rates. The entire rock mass freezes and the leak ‘freezes dry’, that is, ice forms in the water-bearing fracture, preventing further water leakage.Where and when ice problems occur along a tunnel depends on many factors. Besides the obvious water leakage, the length of frost penetration into the tunnel is the main reason for where and when ice problems occur. The predominant cause of frost penetration in most of the tunnels is the thermally induced airflow. In the longer tunnels, the inclination of the tunnel affects frost penetration the most. The field observations showed that there was a difference in where and when leakage points appear during the year and also in terms of variation in the amount of leakage water. There was also a variation over different years. The conclusions of the field observations are that it is difficult to estimate where the insulated drain mats should be located along a tunnel. Based on experience from this survey, the location of the drains should be determined only after several inspections and especially after a winter period, when the main problems with ice formation occur. Previous perception regarding ice problems have been that ice formation only occurs at the tunnel entrances and in the outer parts of the tunnel. A proposed measure has, therefore, been to cover the first 300 m from each entrance with frost insulated drains to try to completely eliminate the ice problems. However, this is not an effective solution to the problem. The insulation not only prevents the cold from reaching the leakage point, but it also prevents the rock mass from emitting heat that warms up the cold outside air entering the tunnel. Thus, the frost can penetrate further into the tunnel and the problems with ice formation are only moved further into the tunnel. As the amount and location of the frost insulation affects frost penetration, the dimensioning of insulation must, therefore, be carried out in several iterations, where each new distribution of insulation along the tunnel is calculated separately.For the tunnels that have been studied as part of this doctoral study, the following has emerged. The central and southern parts of Sweden have shorter cooling periods and the tunnels are exposed to many temperature fluctuations around 0°C during the winter. The frost does not have time to penetrate as far here as in the tunnels in the northern parts of Sweden. Therefore, more ice problems arise around the entrances of the tunnels in the southern parts of Sweden than for those in the northern parts. For northern parts of Sweden, the problem of growing ice formations in sections near the tunnel entrance usually occurs only during the autumn and spring, but not in winter. The field observations showed that the problems with ice growth and temperature fluctuations around 0°C occur further along the longer tunnels in the northern parts of Sweden. This is because the temperature of the tunnel air is higher due to heat transfer from the rock mass. For shorter tunnels that adopt the same temperatures as the outside air, ice formations can occur along the entire length of the tunnel in the sections that have leakage problems. The Swedish Transport Administration’s regulations are currently being updated and the observations and measurements carried out in this doctoral work are now being used to evaluate new requirements regarding frost penetration in tunnels.
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| 20. |
- Andrén, Lennart, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Diltiazem in hypertensive patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
- 1988
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Ingår i: The American journal of cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9149. ; 62:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-three patients with essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II were treated with the calcium antagonist diltiazem (120 to 180 mg twice daily). The mean dose was 307 mg/day. The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. All measurements were performed 12 to 14 hours after drug intake. Blood pressure, heart rate and forearm blood flow were measured noninvasively. Platelet function was studied by measuring adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation and the platelet specific proteins, beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4. Thromboxane B2 formation in serum and the plasma concentration of diltiazem and its metabolites N-demethyldiltiazem, deacetyldiltiazem and N-demethyldeacetyldiltiazem were measured both during placebo and diltiazem treatment. Diabetic control was evaluated by following HbA1C, fasting blood glucose and urinary glucose. Diltiazem reduced both systolic and diastolic (supine and standing) blood pressure significantly. Forearm blood flow was significantly increased by 32%, p less than 0.05. Supine heart rate decreased significantly, while no such change was seen in the standing position. No significant changes were observed in platelet function during diltiazem treatment. There was no relation between the observed blood pressure reduction and the plasma concentration of diltiazem or its metabolites. A positive correlation between the change in heart rate and the metabolite N-demethyldeacetyldiltiazem was observed (r = 0.647, p = 0.005). Three patients were excluded during diltiazem treatment (skin exanthema, headache and atrial fibrillation) and 1 during placebo treatment (angina pectoris). No negative effect on diabetes control was observed. Thus, diltiazem could be used for treatment of hypertension in diabetic patients.
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| 21. |
- Andrén, O., et al.
(författare)
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Barley straw decomposition with varied levels of microbial grazing by Folsomia fimetaria (L.) (Collembola, Isotomidae)
- 1985
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Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 68:1, s. 57-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Folsomia fimetaria (L.) were added (0, 5, 10, 20 animals) to 0.100 g barley straw which had been inoculated 10 days (244 h) earlier with a natural soil microflora. Respiration (CO2 evolution) was monitored continuously. Mass loss, fungal standing crop (total and FDA-active), bacterial and protozoan biomass were estimated 42 days (1,000 h) after microbial inoculation. The degree of surface cover by hyphae was surveyed at regular intervals. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found in respiration, mass loss or microbial biomass, but the density of surface hyphae were reduced by addition of Collembola. Fungal production was low, less than 5% of the estimated microbial production, and could not account for all collembolan growth during incubation. F. fimetaria appeared to consume mainly bacteria and protozoa, and had little impact on carbon mineralization.
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| 22. |
- Andren, O., et al.
(författare)
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Cabazitaxel followed by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) significantly improves time to progression in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) : A randomized, open label, phase III, multicenter trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 28:S5, s. v281-v281
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Patients with newly diagnosed mHSPC have a poor prognosis with a 3-year overall survival (OS) rate of 50%. Recently, combination of docetaxel (75mg/m2 every 6 weeks for 6 cycles) with ADT has become a new standard for such patients, based on results of 2 large phase 3 trials showing a significant OS benefit. In these trials, docetaxel was initiated within 3 months after ADT start. Timing of ADT and chemotherapy (CT) is controversial. In breast cancer, endocrine therapy is always started after CT, the rational being that ADT will turn clones of tumor cells in to a stage of dormancy where CT is less effective.Methods: This phase 3 trial randomized newly diagnosed mHSPC patients to receive cabazitaxel (CABA), 25 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 10 cycles, followed by ADT (immediately after last CABA cycle) versus ADT alone. Primary end-point was OS. Secondary end-point was progression free survival. The study planned to include 400 patients but was closed prematurely due to low inclusion rate. A total 31 patients with newly diagnosed mHSPC were included and here we present the results.Results: Median follow up was 31 month. Of the CABA treated patients, 66.8% got six cycles or more and 46.7% completed all 10 courses. Median OS was 32,5 months with CABA followed by ADT and 29,5 months with ADT alone (HR 1.43, 95% CI 0.38-5.38). Median progression free survival was significantly longer in CABA treated patients (29 vs 12 months, HR 3.96 (95% CI 1.49-10.49). Main grade ≥ 3 toxicities were neutropenia (66%).Conclusions: In conclusion, results from this prematurely terminated trial suggest that CABA followed by ADT is effective in newly diagnosed mHSPC and shows a manageable toxicity. These results have to be validated in larger randomized trials.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Bensch, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Selection for Heterozygosity Gives Hope to a Wild Population of Inbred Wolves
- 2006
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 1:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent analyses have questioned the usefulness of heterozygosity estimates as measures of the inbreeding coefficient (f ), a finding that may have dramatic consequences for the management of endangered populations. We confirm that f and heterozygosity is poorly correlated in a wild and highly inbred wolf population. Yet, our data show that for each level of f, it was the most heterozygous wolves that established themselves as breeders, a selection process that seems to have decelerated the loss of heterozygosity in the population despite a steady increase of f. The markers contributing to the positive relationship between heterozygosity and breeding success were found to be located on different chromosomes, but there was a substantial amount of linkage disequilibrium in the population, indicating that the markers are reflecting heterozygosity over relatively wide genomic regions. Following our results we recommend that management programs of endangered populations include estimates of both f and heterozygosity, as they may contribute with complementary information about population viability.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Ekroth, M., et al.
(författare)
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Gradient zones in WC-Ti(C,N)-Co-based cemented carbides : Experimental study and computer simulations
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 48:9, s. 2177-2185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of surface zones with a composition gradient during sintering of WC-Ti(C,N)-Co cemented carbides has been studied experimentally and by computer simulations. The microstructure has been investigated with SEM and EPMA. The simulations are based on a solution of the multicomponent diffusion equations, coupled with thermodynamic calculations using thermodynamic descriptions of the individual phases. The results from the simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that diffusion and the thermodynamic properties are the two major factors that control the gradient structure formation.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Forsbäck, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Day-to-day variation in milk yield and milk composition at udder quarter level
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 93, s. 3569-3577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automatic in-line measurement of milk composition and milk yield could be a useful tool in management of the dairy herd. Data on milk components and milk yield provide information on milk quality alterations and cow health status but are also useful in planning feeding and breeding. In automatic milking systems, udder quarters are milked individually, enabling analysis and recording at the udder-quarter level. Frequent records of components require knowledge about day-today variations. A component with greater day-to-day variation needs more frequent sampling when used as a diagnostic tool and for management decisions. Earlier studies have described the day-to-day variations in milk components for cow composite milk, but with the quarter milking technique and the possible sampling at the udder-quarter level, knowledge about day-to-day variations at the udder-quarter level is needed. In this study, udder-quarter and cow composite milk samples were collected from 42 consecutive milkings of 10 cows during 21 d. Milk yield was recorded and the milk was analyzed for total protein, whey protein, casein, fat, lactose, and somatic cell count. The results showed that the day-to-day variations and mean values for 4 healthy udder quarters within a cow were similar. In addition, different milk components had different levels of day-to-day variation, the least variation being found in lactose (0.9%) and the greatest in fat (7.7%). This suggests that repeated milk sampling and analysis at the udder-quarter level can be used to detect alterations in composition and cow health and would, thus, be helpful in the management of the dairy herd.
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| 32. |
- Frykholm, R., et al.
(författare)
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A new labyrinth factor for modelling the effect of binder volume fraction on gradient sintering of cemented carbides
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 51:4, s. 1115-1121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To increase the cutting performance of WC-MC-Co cemented carbide tools, it is common to use a high temperature CVD process to coat them with thin wear resistant layers. During the process cracks are unavoidably introduced in the coating. To prevent crack propagation it is of interest to create a tough surface zone in the substrate, enriched in WC and binder phase. A way to create such a zone is to sinter a nitrogen-containing cemented carbide in a nitrogen free atmosphere. This formation of gradient structures has been extensively studied using microscopy and simulations, and it has been shown that the process is driven by diffusion in the binder phase. However, the diffusion paths are partly blocked by the dispersed particles. This effect can be formally handled by considering effective diffusivities by introducing a so-called labyrinth factor, lambda. In prior work it has been assumed that lambda =f(2) where f is the volume fraction of the binder. The validity of this assumption has been studied by simulations and experimental analysis of gradient sintered WC-Ti(C,N)-Co cemented carbides containing 5.0, 6.7, 10.0 and 20.0 vol% binder phase. It was found that by using the labyrinth factor lambda = f(2) instead of a better correspondence between experiments and simulations can be achieved.
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| 33. |
- Frykholm, R., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of cubic phase composition on gradient zone formation in cemented carbides
- 2001
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Ingår i: International journal of refractory metals & hard materials. - 0263-4368. ; 19:06-apr, s. 527-538
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cemented carbide cutting tool inserts with a surface zone depleted of hard cubic carbides and enriched in ductile binder phase have been studied experimentally using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results are compared with simulations based on a solution of the multicomponent diffusion equations, coupled with calculations using thermodynamic descriptions of the individual phases. The materials in the study are based on WC-Ti(C,N)-Co, WC-Ti(C,N)-NbC-Co and WC-Ti(C,N)-TaC-Co. The surface zone is formed by creating a gradient in nitrogen activity in the material, leading to an outward diffusion of N. Due to thermodynamical coupling between N and Ti, the outward diffusion of N will lead to an inward diffusion of Ti, and a surface zone depleted in cubic carbides is formed. Additions of elements like Ta or Nb will affect the width of the surface zone. A material with a Ta-containing cubic phase will have a narrower surface zone than a material with a Nb-containing cubic phase. Ta or Nb additions also affect the distribution of the different phases in and adjacent to the surface zone.
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| 34. |
- Gregersen, V R, et al.
(författare)
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Bovine chromosomal regions affecting rheological traits in rennet-induced skim milk gels.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 98:2, s. 1261-1272
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimizing cheese yield and quality is of central importance to cheese manufacturing. The yield is associated with the time it takes before the gel has an optimal consistency for further processing, and it is well known that gel formation differs between individual milk samples. By identifying genomic regions affecting traits related to rennet-induced gelation, the aim of this study was to identify potential candidate genes affecting these traits. Hence, rennet-induced gelation, including rennet coagulation time, gel strength, and yield stress, was measured in skim milk samples collected from 379 animals of the Swedish Red breed using low-amplitude oscillation measurements. All animals had genotypes for almost 621,000 segregating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), identified using the Bovine HD SNPChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). The genome was scanned for associations, haplotypes based on SNP sets comprising highly associated SNP were inferred, and the effects of the 2 most common haplotypes within each region were analyzed using mixed models. Even though the number of animals was relatively small, a total of 21 regions were identified, with 4 regions showing association with more than one trait. A major quantitative trait locus for all traits was identified around the casein cluster explaining between 9.3 to 15.2% of the phenotypic variation of the different traits. In addition, 3 other possible candidate genes were identified; that is, UDP-n-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:polypeptide n-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase 1 (GALNT1), playing a role in O-glycosylation of κ-casein, and 2 cathepsins, CTSZ and CTSC, possibly involved in proteolysis of milk proteins. We have shown that other genes than the casein genes themselves may be involved in the regulation of gelation traits. However, additional analysis is needed to confirm these results. To our knowledge, this is the first study identifying quantitative trait loci affecting rennet-induced gelation of skim milk through a high-density genome-wide association study.
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| 35. |
- Hyttinen, O., et al.
(författare)
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Holocene stratigraphy of the Ångermanälven River estuary, Bothnian Sea
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geo-Marine Letters. - : Springer. - 0276-0460 .- 1432-1157. ; 37:3, s. 273-288
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the Holocene depositional succession at the IODP Expedition 347 sites M0061 and M0062 in the vicinity of the Ångermanälven River estuary in the Bothnian Sea sector of the Baltic Sea in northern Scandinavia. Site M0061 is located in a coastal offshore setting (87.9 m water depth), whereas site M0062 is fully estuarine (69.3 m water depth). The dataset comprises acoustic profiles and sediment cores collected in 2007 and late 2013 respectively. Three acoustic units (AUs) were recognized. Lowermost AU1 is interpreted as a poorly to discontinuous stratified glaciofluvial deposit, AU2 as a stratified conformable drape of glaciolacustrine origin, and AU3 as a poorly stratified to stratified mud drift. A strong truncating reflector separates AU2 and AU3. Three lithological units (LUs) were defined in the sediment cores. LU1 consists of glaciofluvial sand and silt gradating into LU2, which consists of glaciolacustrine varves. A sharp contact interpreted as a major unconformity separates LU2 from the overlying LU3 (brackish-water mud). In the basal part of LU3, one debrite (site M0061) or two debrites (site M0062) were recognized. Information yielded from sediment physical properties (magnetic susceptibility, natural gamma ray, dry bulk density), geochemistry (total carbon, total organic carbon, total inorganic carbon and nitrogen), and grain size support the LU division. The depositional succession was formally subdivided into two alloformations: the Utansjö Alloformation and overlying Hemsön Alloformation; the Utansjö Alloformation was further subdivided into two lithostratigraphic formations: the Storfjärden and Åbordsön formations. The Storfjärden (sandy outwash) and Åbordsön (glaciolacustrine rhythmite) formations represent a glacial retreat systems tract, which started at ca. 10.6 kyr BP. Their deposition was mainly controlled by meltwater from the retreating ice margin, glacio-isostatic land uplift and the regressive (glacial) lake level. The Hemsön Alloformation (organic-rich brackish-water mud) represents a period of forced regression, starting possibly at ca. 9.5 kyr BP. At about 7 kyr BP, brackish water reached the study area as a result of the mid-Holocene marine flooding of the Baltic Sea Basin, but the rapid land uplift soon surpassed the associated (Littorina) transgression. Changed near-bottom current patterns, caused by the establishment of a permanent halocline, and the reduced sediment consistency caused by increased organic deposition resulted in a sharp and erosional base of the brackish-water mud. Estuarine processes and salinity stratification at site M0062 started to play a more important role. This study applies a combined allostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic approach over the conventional Baltic Sea stages. This approach makes it more straightforward to study this Baltic Sea deglaciation–postglacial sequence and compare it to other formerly glaciated shallow sea estuaries.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Josefsson, Andreas, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of docetaxel added to bicalutamide in Hormone-Naive non-metastatic prostate cancer with rising PSA, a randomized clinical trial (SPCG-14)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X. ; 62:4, s. 372-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundHistorically, endocrine therapy was used in a range of scenarios in patients with rising PSA, both as a treatment for locally advanced non-metastatic prostate cancer and PSA recurrence following curative intended therapy. In the present study the objective was to investigate if chemotherapy added to endocrine therapy could improve progression-free survival (PFS).Materials and MethodsPatients with hormone-naive, non-metastatic prostate cancer and rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA), enrolled from Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Finland, were randomized to long-term bicalutamide (150 mg daily) or plus docetaxel (75 mg/m(2), q3w, 8-10 cycles) without prednisone, after stratification for the site, prior local therapy or not, and PSA doubling time. The primary endpoint was 5-year PFS analyzed with a stratified Cox proportional hazards regression model on intention to treat basis.ResultsBetween 2009 and 2018, a total of 348 patients were randomized; 315 patients had PSA relapse after radical treatment, 33 patients had no prior local therapy. Median follow-up was 4.9 years (IQR 4.0-5.1). Adding docetaxel improved PFS (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50-0.93; p = 0.015). Docetaxel showed an advantage for patients with PSA relapse after prior local therapy (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.94; p = 0.019). One event of neutropenic infection/fever occurred in 27% of the patients receiving docetaxel. Limitations were slow recruitment, lack of enrolling patients without radical local treatment, and too short follow-up for evaluation of overall survival in patients with PSA relapse.ConclusionDocetaxel improved PFS in patients starting bicalutamide due to PSA relapse after local therapy or localized disease without local therapy. Confirmatory studies of the efficacy of docetaxel in the setting of PSA-only relapse in addition to endocrine therapies may be justified if longer follow-up will show increased metastatic-free survival.
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| 38. |
- Katterer, T., et al.
(författare)
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Pedotransfer functions for estimating plant available water and bulk density in Swedish agricultural soils
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica - Section B. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4710 .- 1651-1913. ; 56:4, s. 263-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) to estimate plant available water were developed from a database of arable soils in Sweden. The PTFs were developed to fulfil the minimum requirements of any agro-hydrological application, i.e., soil water content at wilting point (theta(wp)) and field capacity (theta(fc)),from information that frequently is available from soil surveys such as texture and soil organic carbon content (SOC). From the same variables we also estimated bulk density (rho) and porosity (epsilon), which seldom are included in surveys, but are needed for calculating element mass balances. The seven particle-size classes given in the data set were aggregated in different ways to match information commonly gained from surveys. Analysis of covariance and stepwise multiple linear regression were used for quantifying the influence of depth, particle size class, textural class and soil organic carbon on the characteristic variables. PTFs developed from other data sets were also tested and their goodness-of-fit and bias was evaluated. These functions and those developed for the Swedish database were also tested on an independent data set and finally ranked according to their goodness of fit. Among single independent variables, clay was the best predictor for theta(wp), sand ( or the sum of clay and silt) for theta(fc) and SOC for rho and epsilon. A large fraction of the variation in theta(wp) and theta(fc) is explained by soil texture and SOC ( up to 90%) and root mean square errors (RMSEs) were as small as 0.03 m(3) water m(-3) soil in the best models. For the prediction of rho and epsilon in the test data set, the best PTF could only explain 40-43% of the total variance with corresponding RMSEs of 0.14 g cm(-3) and 5.3% by volume, respectively. Recently presented PTFs derived from a North American database performed very well for estimating theta(wp) ( low error and bias) and could be recommended for Swedish soils if measurements of clay, sand and SOC were available. Although somewhat less accurately, also theta(fc) could be estimated satisfactorily. This indicates that the determination of plant available water by texture and SOC is rather independent of soil genesis and that certain PTFs are transferable between continents.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Liberg, O, et al.
(författare)
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Severe inbreeding depression in a wild wolf (Canis lupus) population
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biology letters. - : The Royal Society. - 1744-9561 .- 1744-957X. ; 1:1, s. 17-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The difficulty of obtaining pedigrees for wild populations has hampered the possibility of demonstrating inbreeding depression in nature. In a small, naturally restored, wild population of grey wolves in Scandinavia, founded in 1983, we constructed a pedigree for 24 of the 28 breeding pairs established in the period 1983-2002. Ancestry for the breeding animals was determined through a combination of field data (snow tracking and radio telemetry) and DNA microsatellite analysis. The population was founded by only three individuals. The inbreeding coefficient F varied between 0.00 and 0.41 for wolves born during the study period. The number of surviving pups per litter during their first winter after birth was strongly correlated with inbreeding coefficients of pups (R-2 = 0. 39, p < 0.00 1). This inbreeding depression was recalculated to match standard estimates of lethal equivalents (213), corresponding to 6.04 (2.58-9.48, 95% CI) litter-size-reducing equivalents in this wolf population.
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| 41. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension is associated with the insulin resistance metabolic syndrome
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 13:4, s. 433-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with the insulin resistance syndrome. METHODS: Fifty patients with untreated hypertension were evaluated by recording office blood pressure during regular antihypertensive treatment and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and office blood pressure after 4-6 weeks on placebo, echocardiography with M-mode measurements of left ventricular wall thickness and pulsed-wave Doppler measurements of mitral flow in diastole and the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, for determination of insulin sensitivity. RESULTS: The left ventricular wall thickness was found to be significantly related to blood pressure [r = 0.44, P < 0.004 for 24-h ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP)], fasting insulin level (r = 0.32, P < 0.03) and haematocrit level (r = 0.37, P < 0.009) and inversely related to insulin sensitivity (r = -0.59, P < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis with these relationships together with confounding factors age, sex, body mass index and waist: hip ratio as independent variables showed insulin sensitivity to be the only significant variable, explaining 43% of the variation in left ventricular wall thickness, whereas 24-h ambulatory SBP explained a further 7%. Left ventricular diastolic filling, as evaluated by the mitral Doppler early: atrial ratio, was significantly correlated with insulin sensitivity (r = 0.42, P < 0.003) and inversely related to blood pressure (r = -0.41, P < 0.02 for 24-h ambulatory SBP), left ventricular wall thickness (r = -0.34, P < 0.02) and serum fibrinogen level (r = -0.63, P < 0.0001). However, multiple regression analysis showed that insulin sensitivity was more closely related to diastolic filling than to blood pressure or left ventricular wall thickness. CONCLUSION: The present study showed left ventricular wall thickness to be closely associated with insulin resistance. Because diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle was also related to a decreased insulin sensitivity, these findings suggest that left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction are associated with the insulin resistance metabolic syndrome.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Obrochta, S. P., et al.
(författare)
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The undatables : Quantifying uncertainty in a highly expanded Late Glacial-Holocene sediment sequence recovered from the deepest Baltic Sea basin—IODP Site M0063
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 1525-2027. ; 18:3, s. 858-871
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laminated, organic-rich silts and clays with high dissolved gas content characterize sediments at IODP Site M0063 in the Landsort Deep, which at 459 m is the deepest basin in the Baltic Sea. Cores recovered from Hole M0063A experienced significant expansion as gas was released during the recovery process, resulting in high sediment loss. Therefore, during operations at subsequent holes, penetration was reduced to 2 m per 3.3 m core, permitting expansion into 1.3 m of initially empty liner. Fully filled liners were recovered from Holes B through E, indicating that the length of recovered intervals exceeded the penetrated distance by a factor of >1.5. A typical down-core logarithmic trend in gamma density profiles, with anomalously low-density values within the upper ∼1 m of each core, suggests that expansion primarily occurred in this upper interval. Thus, we suggest that a simple linear correction is inappropriate. This interpretation is supported by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data that indicate vertical stretching in the upper ∼1.5 m of expanded cores. Based on the mean gamma density profiles of cores from Holes M0063C and D, we obtain an expansion function that is used to adjust the depth of each core to conform to its known penetration. The variance in these profiles allows for quantification of uncertainty in the adjusted depth scale. Using a number of bulk 14C dates, we explore how the presence of multiple carbon source pathways leads to poorly constrained radiocarbon reservoir age variability that significantly affects age and sedimentation rate calculations.
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| 45. |
- Penney, K. L., et al.
(författare)
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mRNA expression signature of Gleason grade predicts lethal prostate cancer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 29:17, s. 2391-2396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Prostate-specific antigen screening has led to enormous overtreatment of prostate cancer because of the inability to distinguish potentially lethal disease at diagnosis. We reasoned that by identifying an mRNA signature of Gleason grade, the best predictor of prognosis, we could improve prediction of lethal disease among men with moderate Gleason 7 tumors, the most common grade, and the most indeterminate in terms of prognosis.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using the complementary DNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension, and ligation assay, we measured the mRNA expression of 6,100 genes in prostate tumor tissue in the Swedish Watchful Waiting cohort (n = 358) and Physicians' Health Study (PHS; n = 109). We developed an mRNA signature of Gleason grade comparing individuals with Gleason ≤ 6 to those with Gleason ≥ 8 tumors and applied the model among patients with Gleason 7 to discriminate lethal cases.RESULTS: We built a 157-gene signature using the Swedish data that predicted Gleason with low misclassification (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91); when this signature was tested in the PHS, the discriminatory ability remained high (AUC = 0.94). In men with Gleason 7 tumors, who were excluded from the model building, the signature significantly improved the prediction of lethal disease beyond knowing whether the Gleason score was 4 + 3 or 3 + 4 (P = .006).CONCLUSION: Our expression signature and the genes identified may improve our understanding of the de-differentiation process of prostate tumors. Additionally, the signature may have clinical applications among men with Gleason 7, by further estimating their risk of lethal prostate cancer and thereby guiding therapy decisions to improve outcomes and reduce overtreatment.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Robertsson, A M, et al.
(författare)
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Pleistocene stratigraphy in the Dellen region, central Sweden
- 1997
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 26, s. 237-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Pleistocene stratigraphy in the Dellen region, central Sweden was studied using field observations made during mapping of Quaternary deposits and fabric analyses in excavated sections. The lithostratigraphy was also studied by seismic refraction measurements, analyses of grain-size distribution and organic carbon content. Biostratigraphical methods applied were pollen and diatom analyses. A general outline of the Pleistocene stratigraphy in the area is presented. Three different till beds are identified, the lowermost suggested to have been deposited during the Saalian glaciation and the other two during the Weichselian glaciation. According to the interpretation of the stratigraphy, it is questioned whether the first Weichselian ice sheer did in fact reach the Dellen area. A clayey sediment sequence at Norra Sannas accumulated during an interglacial, probably the Eemian. Most of the interglacial vegetation succession is reflected in the identified pollen flora. An initial phase with a light-demanding forest of Betula and Pinus was followed by immigration of Alnus, Picea and scattered occurrences of Corylus. A freshwater diatom flora was identified dominated by plankton taxa, e.g. Aulacoseira italica, A. distans and Cyclotella spp. In the lower part of the sequence a brackish-marine flora was registered, representing accumulation in a bay of the Eemian Sea. Fine-grained sediments at the Sundson and Vastansjo sites are interpreted as rebedded Eemiar. sediments according to the pollen flora. An (Early Weichselian) interstadial age is suggested ibr sediments found at Bjuraker. Dating by the C-14- and OSL methods was carried out on the interglacial and interstadial sediments, respectively. The ages range from approximately 19 000 to 92 000 BP. Correlation of interglacial vegetation history with central Finland and other areas is discussed.
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