| 1. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Några av vårdens utmaningar
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vårdens utmaningar. - 9789186203580 ; , s. 7-41
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 5. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Beckman, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Hälsoval skåne : Fler besöker allmänläkare, färre går till specialist
- 2013
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 110:12, s. 622-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efter införande av Hälsoval Skåne har andelen av befolkningen som besökt allmänläkare ökat, liksom antalet besök per invånare. Ökningarna är överlag måttliga, med undantag för äldre män med lägre inkomst, där ökningen är större.Det finns också en minskning av besöken till övriga specialistläkare så att det totala antalet läkarbesök per invånare minskat i vissa grupper. Färre besök hos övriga specialistläkare har inte fullt ut kompenserats av fler besök till allmänläkare.Uppföljningstiden är kort, och nya uppföljningar av individers totala konsumtion av vård med senare och ytterligare data är angelägna för att studera förändringar till följd av Hälsoval.
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| 9. |
- Glenngård, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Choice of primary care provider: Results from a population survey in three Swedish counties.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Health Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6054 .- 0168-8510. ; 103:1, s. 31-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent reforms in Swedish primary care have involved choice of provider for the population combined with freedom of establishment and privatisation of providers. This study focus to what extent individuals feel they have exercised a choice of provider, why they exercise choice and where they search for information, based on a population survey in three Swedish counties. The design of the study enabled for studying behaviour with respect to differences in time since introduction of the reform and differences in number of alternative providers and establishments of new providers in connection with the reform. About 60% of the population in the three counties felt that they had made a choice of provider in connection with or after the introduction of a reform focusing on choice and privatisation. Establishments of new providers and having enough information increased the likelihood whereas preferences for direct access to a specialist decreased the likelihood of making a choice. The data further suggests that individuals were rather passive in their search for information and tended to choose providers that they previously had been in contact with. This is in line with results from previous studies and poses challenges for county councils governance of reforms.
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| 10. |
- Ödesjö, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Pay for performance associated with increased volume of medication reviews but not with less inappropriate use of medications among the elderly - an observational study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 35:3, s. 271-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: A pay for performance programme was introduced in 2009 by a Swedish county with 1.6 million inhabitants. A process measure with payment linked to coding for medication reviews among the elderly was adopted. We assessed the association with inappropriate medication for five years after baseline. Design and setting: Observational study that compared medication for elderly patients enrolled at primary care units that coded for a high or low volume of medication reviews. Patients: 144,222 individuals at 196 primary care centres, age 75 or older. Main outcome measures: Percentage of patients receiving inappropriate drugs or polypharmacy during five years at primary care units with various levels of reported medication reviews. Results: The proportion of patients with a registered medication review had increased from 3.2% to 44.1% after five years. The high-coding units performed better for most indicators but had already done so at baseline. Primary care units with the lowest payment for coding for medication reviews improved just as well in terms of inappropriate drugs as units with the highest payment - from 13.0 to 8.5%, compared to 11.6 to 7.4% and from 13.6 to 7.2% vs 11.8 to 6.5% for polypharmacy. Conclusions: Payment linked to coding for medication reviews was associated with an increase in the percentage of patients for whom a medication review had been registered. However, the impact of payment on quality improvement is uncertain, given that units with the lowest payment for medication reviews improved equally well as units with the highest payment.
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| 11. |
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Achieving person-centred health systems : Evidence, strategies and challenges
- 2020
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- he idea of person-centred health systems is widely advocated in political and policy declarations to better address health system challenges. A person-centred approach is advocated on political, ethical and instrumental grounds and believed to benefit service users, health professionals and the health system more broadly. However, there is continuing debate about the strategies that are available and effective to promote and implement 'person-centred' approaches. This book brings together the world's leading experts in the field to present the evidence base and analyse current challenges and issues. It examines 'person-centredness' from the different roles people take in health systems, as individual service users, care managers, taxpayers or active citizens. The evidence presented will not only provide invaluable policy advice to practitioners and policymakers working on the design and implementation of person-centred health systems but will also be an excellent resource for academics and graduate students researching health systems in Europe.
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| 12. |
- Alexandersen, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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The development of voluntary private health Insurance in the Nordic countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Health Economics. - 1892-9729. ; 4:1, s. 68-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic countries represent an institutional setting with tax-based health care financing and universal access to health care services. Very few health care services are excluded from what are offered within the publically financed health care system. User fees are often non-existing or low and capped. Nevertheless, the markets for voluntary private health insurance (VPHI) have been rapidly expanding. In this paper we describe the development of the market for VPHI in the Nordic countries. We outline similarities and differences and provide discussion of the rationale for the existence of different types of VPHI. Data is collected on the population covered by VPHI, type and scope of coverage, suppliers of VPHI and their relations with health providers. It seems that the main roles of VPHI are to cover out-of-pocket payments for services that are only partly financed by the public health care system (complementary), and to provide preferential access to treatments that are also available free of charge within the public health care system, but often with some waiting time (duplicate).
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| 13. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized comparison between league tables and funnel plots as an aid to health care decision-making
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal for Quality in Health Care. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3677 .- 1353-4505. ; 28:6, s. 816-823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Comparison of provider performance is commonly used to inform health care decision-making. Little attention has been paid to how data presentations influence decisions. This study analyzes differences in suggested actions by decision-makers informed by league tables or funnel plots.Design Decision-makers were invited to a survey and randomized to compare hospital performance using either league tables or funnel plots for four different measures within the area of cancer care. For each measure, decision-makers were asked to suggest actions towards 12–16 hospitals (no action, ask for more information, intervene) and provide feedback related to whether the information provided had been useful.Setting Swedish health care.Participants Two hundred and twenty-one decision-makers at administrative and clinical levels.Intervention Data presentations in the form of league tables or funnel plots.Main outcome measures Number of actions suggested by participants. Proportion of appropriate actions.Results For all four measures, decision-makers tended to suggest more actions based on the information provided in league tables compared to funnel plots (44% vs. 21%, P < 0.001). Actions were on average more appropriate for funnel plots. However, when using funnel plots, decision-makers more often missed to react even when appropriate.Conclusions The form of data presentation had an influence on decision-making. With league tables, decision-makers tended to suggest more actions compared to funnel plots. A difference in sensitivity and specificity conditioned by the form of presentation could also be identified, with different implications depending on the purpose of comparisons. Explanations and visualization aids are needed to support appropriate actions.
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| 14. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Access to automated comparative feedback reports in primary care : a study of intensity of use and relationship with clinical performance among Swedish primary care practices
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6963. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Digital applications that automatically extract information from electronic medical records and provide comparative visualizations of the data in the form of quality indicators to primary care practices may facilitate local quality improvement (QI). A necessary condition for such QI to work is that practices actively access the data. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of an application that visualizes quality indicators in Swedish primary care, developed by a profession-led QI initiative (“Primärvårdskvalitet”). We also describe the characteristics of practices that used the application more or less extensively, and the relationships between the intensity of use and changes in selected performance indicators. Methods: We studied longitudinal data on 122 primary care practices’ visits to pages (page views) in the application over a period up to 5 years. We compared high and low users, classified by the average number of monthly page views, with respect to practice and patient characteristics as well as baseline measurements of a subset of the performance indicators. We estimated linear associations between visits to pages with diabetes-related indicators and the change in measurements of selected diabetes indicators over 1.5 years. Results: Less than half of all practices accessed the data in a given month, although most practices accessed the data during at least one third of the observed months. High and low users were similar in terms of most studied characteristics. We found statistically significant positive associations between use of the diabetes indicators and changes in measurements of three diabetes indicators. Conclusions: Although most practices in this study indicated an interest in the automated feedback reports, the intensity of use can be described as varying and on average limited. The positive associations between the use and changes in performance suggest that policymakers should increase their support of practices’ QI efforts. Such support may include providing a formalized structure for peer group discussions of data, facilitating both understanding of the data and possible action points to improve performance, while maintaining a profession-led use of applications.
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| 15. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Better off by risk adjustment? : Socioeconomic disparities in care utilization in Sweden following a payment reform
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. - : Wiley-Liss Inc.. - 0276-8739 .- 1520-6688.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing socioeconomic health inequalities is a key goal of most health systems. A challenge in this regard is that healthcare providers may have incentives to avoid or undertreat patients who are relatively costly to treat. Due to the socioeconomic gradient in health, individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) are especially likely to be negatively affected by such attempts. To counter these incentives, payments are often risk adjusted based on patient characteristics. However, empirical evidence is lacking on how, or if, risk adjustment affects care utilization. We examine if a novel risk adjustment model in primary care affected socioeconomic differences in care utilization among individuals with a chronic condition. The new risk adjustment model implied that the capitation—the monthly reimbursement paid by the health authority to care providers for each enrolled patient—increased substantially for chronically ill low-SES patients. Yet, we do not find any robust evidence that their access to primary care improved relative to patients with high SES, and we find no effects on adverse health events (hospitalizations). These results suggest that the new risk adjustment model did not reduce existing health inequalities, indicating the need for more targeted incentives and interventions to reach low-SES groups.
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| 16. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Better Off by Risk Adjustment? Socioeconomic Disparities in Care Utilization in Sweden Following a Payment Reform
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reducing socioeconomic health inequalities is a key goal of most health systems. When care providers are paid prospectively, e.g., by a fixed sum per patient, existing inequalities may be sustained by the incentives to undertreat relatively unhealthy patients. To counter these incentives, prospective payments are often risk-adjusted based on observable patient characteristics. Despite that risk adjustment (RA) is widely used, empirical evidence is lacking on how it affects the behavior of care providers. This paper provides such evidence using detailed administrative data from a Swedish region. We examine how a novel RA model applied to the prospective payment for primary care providers – capitation – affected socioeconomic differences in care utilization among individuals with a chronic condition. On average, the new RA model implied substantial increases of the capitation for patients with low socioeconomic status (SES). Yet, we do not find any robust evidence of greater access to primary care for individuals with low SES relative to individuals with high SES after the model was introduced. We find a small increase in hospital emergency department visits (a substitute to primary care), but no effects on hospitalizations. These results do not suggest that the new RA model reduced socioeconomic health inequalities. Our findings highlight that a risk-adjusted prospective payment may not by itself guide treatment decisions. We discuss other governance and management policies that may address undesired health inequalities.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Can pay-for-performance to primary care providers stimulate appropriate use of antibiotics?
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resistance to antibiotics is a major threat to the effectiveness of modern health care. This study examines if pay-for-performance (P4P) to care providers stimulates the appropriate use of antibiotics; in particular, if P4P can induce a substitution away from broad-spectrum antibiotics, which contribute more to the development of resistance, to less resistance-driving types. In the context of Swedish primary care, we study the introduction of P4P indicators encouraging substitution of narrow-spectrum antibiotics for broad-spectrum antibiotics in the treatment of children with respiratory tract infections (RTI). During 2006-2013, 8 out of 21 county councils introduced such P4P indicators in their reimbursement schemes for primary care providers. We employ municipality-level register data covering all purchases of RTI related antibiotics and exploit the staggered introduction of pay-for-performance in a difference-in-differences analysis. Despite that the monetary incentives were small, we find that P4P significantly increased narrow-spectrum antibiotics' share of RTI antibiotics consumption. We further find larger effects in areas where there were many private providers, where the incentive was formulated as a penalty rather than a reward, and where all providers were close to a P4P target.
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| 19. |
- Anell, Anders
(författare)
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Choice and privatisation in Swedish primary care.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Health Economics, Policy and Law. - 1744-134X. ; 6, s. 549-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2007, a new wave of local reforms involving choice for the population and privatisation of providers was initiated in Swedish primary care. Important objectives behind reforms were to strengthen the role of primary care and to improve performance in terms of access and responsiveness. The purpose of this article was to compare the characteristics of the new models and to discuss changes in financial incentives for providers and challenges regarding governance from the part of county councils. A majority of the models being introduced across the 21 county councils can best be described as innovative combinations between a comprehensive responsibility for providers and significant degrees of freedom regarding choice for the population. Key financial characteristics of fixed payment and comprehensive financial responsibility for providers may create financial incentives to under-provide care. Informed choices by the population, in combination with reasonably low barriers for providers to enter the primary care market, should theoretically counterbalance such incentives. To facilitate such competition is indeed a challenge, not only because of difficulties in implementing informed choices but also because the new models favour large and/or horizontally integrated providers. To prevent monopolistic behaviour, county councils may have to accept more competition as well as more governance over clinical practice than initially intended.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Does Risk-Adjusted Payment Influence Primary Care Providers' Decision on Where to Set Up Practices?
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Providing equal access to health care is an important objective in most health care systems. It is especially pertinent in systems like the Swedish primary care market, where providers are free to establish themselves in any part of the country. To improve equity in access to care, 15 out 21 county councils in Sweden have implemented risk-adjusted capitation based on the Care Need Index, which increases capitation to primary care centers with a large share of patients with unfavorable socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Our aim is to estimate the effects of using care-need adjusted capitation on the supply of private primary care centers. We use a dataset that combines information on all primary care centers in Sweden during 2005-2013, the payment system and other conditions for establishing new primary care centers used in the county councils, and demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic variables for low level geographic areas. To estimate the effects of care-need adjusted capitation, we use difference-in-differences models, contrasting the development over time between areas with and without risk-adjusted capitation, and with high and low Care Need Index values. Risk-adjusted capitation significantly increase the number of private primary care centers in areas with relatively high Care Need Index values. The adjustment results in a changed distribution of private centers within county councils; the total number of private centers does not increase in county councils using care-need adjusted capitation. The effects are furthermore increasing over the first three years after the implementation of such capitation, and concentrated to the lower and middle range of the group of areas with high index values. Risk-adjusted capitation based on the Care Need Index increases the supply of private primary care centers in areas with unfavorable socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. More generally, this result indicates that risk-adjusted capitation can significantly affect private providers’ establishment decisions.
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| 23. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Does risk-adjusted payment influence primary care providers' decision on where to set up practices?
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Providing equal access to health care is an important objective in most health care systems. It is especially pertinent in systems like the Swedish primary care market, where private providers are free to establish themselves in any part of the country. To improve equity in access to care, 15 out 21 county councils in Sweden have implemented risk-adjusted capitation based on the Care Need Index, which increases capitation to primary care centers with a large share of patients with unfavorable socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Our aim is to estimate the effects of using care-need adjusted capitation on the supply of private primary care centers. Method: We use a dataset that combines information on all primary care centers in Sweden during 2005-2013, the payment system and other conditions for establishing new primary care centers used in the county councils, and demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic variables for low-level geographic areas. To estimate the effects of care-need adjusted capitation, we use difference-in-differences models, contrasting the development over time between areas with and without risk-adjusted capitation, and with high and low Care Need Index values. Results: Risk-adjusted capitation significantly increases the number of private primary care centers in areas with relatively high Care Need Index values. The adjustment results in a changed distribution of private centers within county councils; the total number of private centers does not increase in county councils using care-need adjusted capitation. The effects are furthermore increasing over the first three years after the implementation of such capitation, and concentrated to the lower and middle range of the group of areas with high index values. Conclusions: Risk-adjusted capitation based on the Care Need Index increases the supply of private primary care centers in areas with unfavorable socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. More generally, this result indicates that risk-adjusted capitation can significantly affect private providers' establishment decisions.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Ekonomistyrning med DRG
- 1990
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Ingår i: Överläkaren. ; :4, s. 13-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Anell, Anders
(författare)
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Hälsoekonomi
- 2009
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 36. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Information, switching costs, and consumer choice: Evidence from two randomised field experiments in Swedish primary health care
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-2727. ; 196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumer choice policies may improve the matching of consumers and providers, and may spur competition over quality dimensions relevant to consumers. However, the gains from choice may fail to materialise in markets characterised by information frictions and switching costs. We use two large-scale randomised field experiments in primary health care to examine if individuals reconsider their provider choice when receiving leaflets with comparative information and pre-paid choice forms by postal mail. The first experiment targeted a representative subset of the 1.3 million residents in a Swedish region. The second targeted new residents in the same region, a group expected to have less prior information and lower switching costs than the general population. The propensity to switch providers increased after the interventions in both the population-representative sample (by 0.6–0.8 percentage points, 10–14%) and among new residents (2.3 percentage points, 26%). The results demonstrate that there are demand side frictions in the primary care market. Exploratory analyses indicate that the effects on switching were larger in urban markets and that the interventions had heterogeneous effects on the type of providers chosen, and on health care and drug consumption.
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| 37. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Information, Switching Costs, and Consumer Choice : Evidence from Two Randomized Field Experiments in Swedish Primary Health Care
- 2017
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consumers of services that are financed by a third party, such as publicly financed health care or firm-sponsored health plans, are often allowed to freely choose provider. The rationale is that consumer choice may improve the matching of consumers and providers and spur quality competition. Such improvements are contingent on consumers having access to comparative information about providers and acting on this information when making their choice. However, in the presence of information frictions and switching costs, consumers may have limited ability to find suitable providers. We use two large-scale randomized field experiments in primary health care to examine if the choice of provider is affected when consumers receive comparative information by postal mail and small costs associated with switching are reduced. The first experiment targeted a subset of the general population in the Swedish region Skåane, and the second targeted new residents in the region, who should have less prior information and lower switching costs. In both cases, the propensity to switch provider increased significantly after the intervention. The effects were larger for new residents than for the general population, and were driven by individuals living reasonably close to alternative providers.
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| 38. |
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| 41. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Läkemedelskostnaderna
- 1999
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Ingår i: Svensk farmaci under 1900-talet Bd 3 Ekonomi, dokumentation, tillsyn.
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 42. |
- Anell, Anders
(författare)
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Performance management and audit & feedback to support learning and innovation : Theoretical review and implications for Swedish primary care
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Health care professionals frequently describe performance management and monitoring of efficiency and quality measures for external accountability as an administrative burden with limited benefits. Professionals argue that they are subject to too tight control that signals distrust, limits professional autonomy and ultimately decreases their motivation to perform. At worst, poorly incentivized indicators influence the behavior of providers in directions that undermine patient benefits. Against this background, policy interest has recently turned towards new governance and managerial approaches in Swedish health care services, allowing for a higher degree of professional autonomy, participatory processes and use of non-financial incentives. This change will undoubtedly have implications for performance management. Inspired by current changes in Swedish primary care, this article explores the design of audit & feedback elements through a review of the empirical evidence and theories about motivation and incentives. Audit & feedback interventions have so far taken a “diffusion of innovation” perspective focusing on implementation of evidence and targets into practice. More complex changes in the delivery of services is likely to require experience-based DUI (Doing, Using, Interacting) modes of innovation, which in turn calls for a more formative and enabling approach to performance management and audit & feedback. A key question is how an appeal to social determinants of professional identity and reputation mechanisms can motivate professionals to change their behavior. Practical implications and research opportunities that follow from the theoretical propositions are discussed using Swedish primary care as an illustrative case.
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| 43. |
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| 46. |
- Anell, Anders
(författare)
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Primärvårdens funktion, organisation och ekonomi - en litteraturöversikt : Rapport till utredningen En nationell samordnare för effektivare resursutnyttjande inom hälso- och sjukvården (S 2013:4)
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Svensk hälso- och sjukvård har i ett historiskt perspektiv dominerats av investeringar i specialistvård och sjukhus. Även om intresset för primärvården har ökat kvarstår många frågor om hur man bäst organiserar verksamheten och vilken betydelse primärvården har för hälso- och sjukvårdens samlade kvalitet och effektivitet. Flera internationella bedömningar pekar mot att det behövs mera grundläggande förändringar i primärvården. Framtidens primärvård bedöms i högre grad kännetecknas av att allmänläkaren arbetar som ”team-leader” inom ramen för större mottagningar. Det finns också utrymme för mer samverkan mellan mottagningar och att man erbjuder integrerade lösningar för patienten tillsammans med annan specialiserad vård och kommunala insatser. Faktorer som påverkar förutsättningar handlar både om en förändrad efterfrågan på primärvårdens tjänster, men också om ett förändrat utbud. Utvecklingen mot större mottagningar och en ökad betydelse av samverkan och koordinering är dock inte oproblematisk. Kritiker menar att kontinuiteten mellan läkare och patient kan gå förlorad, samt att patientnöjdheten och produktiviteten kan påverkas negativt. Mot bakgrund av osäkerheten kring primärvårdens betydelse och hur verksamheten ska organiseras finns anledning att beakta resultat från olika studier. I den här rapporten sammanfattas flertalet internationella studier om betydelsen av investeringar i primärvård för hälso- och sjukvårdens kvalitet och effektivitet, samt effekter av att verksamheten organiseras på olika sätt. Det gäller både organisationen på makronivå, t.ex. effekter av remisskrav för besök hos specialistläkare, och mikronivå, t.ex. för- och nackdelar med stora mottagningar och utökad roll för sjuksköterskor. Vidare diskuteras studier som belyst effekter av olika ersättningsprinciper i primärvården. Sammantaget visar studier att investeringar i primärvård kan ha en positiv betydelse för hälsooch sjukvårdens övergripande kvalitet och effektivitet. Det gäller inte minst förutsättningarna för att uppnå en jämlikhet fördelning av vårdens resurser. Effekterna är dock inte givna utan beror på hur verksamheten organiseras på en övergripande nivå. Det finns också exempel på länder som uppnått jämförelsevis goda resultat i hälso- och sjukvården totalt sett utan en stark primärvård, däribland Frankrike och Sverige. Primärvården är mer än andra verksamheter beroende av övergripande politiska beslut om vilken roll verksamheten ska ha samt hur relationer med befolkningen och övrig specialistvård ska utformas. Sådana övergripande beslut avgör primärvårdens närmare uppdrag.Även om synen på primärvårdens funktioner är huvudsakligen densamma så kan konstateras att det finns stora olikheter i primärvårdens organisation och tillgången på resurser mellan länder. Den modell för primärvård med större mottagningar och flera yrkeskategorier som utvecklats i Sverige har flera fördelar och ses ofta som en framtidsmodell av tongivande bedömare internationellt. Det finns dock nackdelar med en sådan modell utifrån målsättningar om relationell kontinuitet mellan läkare och patienter och patientnöjdheten. I dessa avseenden visar små mottagningar enligt flera studier bättre resultat än stora mottagningar. Större mottagningar med fler yrkeskategorier förutsätter dessutom att ett arbete i team kan etableras och att allmänläkare vill utvecklas som ledare. Möjligheterna att utveckla ett högt förtroende för primärvården samt att kombinera små- och stordriftsfördelar kan betraktas som viktiga utmaningar för framtidens primärvård. Ett högt förtroende bidrar till att patienter väljer primärvården som deras förstahandskontrakt med vården, även utan formella remisskrav. Utmaningarna kräver innovationer på alla nivåer men kanske framför allt på en övergripande nivå. Primärvårdens uppdrag, resurser, ersättningsprinciper och kostnadsansvar kan behöva omprövas utifrån vad som är mest positivt för befolkningens och patienternas förtroende för verksamheten. Ekonomiska incitament och professionella normer, både i primärvård- och annan specialiserad vård, måste ge bättre stöd för koordinering och samverkan. Nya organisationsmodeller kan behöva prövas där positiva incitament av småskalighet kombineras med en kollektiv samverkan när det gäller bl.a. samlad information om patienten, kliniska riktlinjer och vårdprogram som är gemensamma med specialistvården, gemensamma lösningar och samverkan med sjukhus för verksamhet under jourtid, samt IT stöd för klinisk dokumentation, administration och nya former av kontakter med patienterna.
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- Anell, Anders
(författare)
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Reconsidering performance management to support innovative changes in health care services
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Organization and Management. - 1477-7266. ; 38:9, s. 125-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeA large number of studies indicate that coercive forms of organizational control and performance management in health care services often backfire and initiate dysfunctional consequences. The purpose of this article is to discuss new approaches to performance management in health care services when the purpose is to support innovative changes in the delivery of services.Design/methodology/approachThe article represents cross-boundary work as the theoretical and empirical material used to discuss and reconsider performance management comes from several relevant research disciplines, including systematic reviews of audit and feedback interventions in health care and extant theories of human motivation and organizational control.FindingsAn enabling approach to performance management in health care services can potentially contribute to innovative changes. Key design elements to operationalize such an approach are a formative and learning-oriented use of performance measures, an appeal to self- and social-approval mechanisms when providing feedback and support for local goals and action plans that fit specific conditions and challenges.Originality/valueThe article suggests how to operationalize an enabling approach to performance management in health care services. The framework is consistent with new governance and managerial approaches emerging in public sector organizations more generally, supporting a higher degree of professional autonomy and the use of nonfinancial incentives.
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