| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Anerud, Erik
(författare)
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An alternative supply system for stump biomass - coarse grinding combined with sieving of the produced hog fuel
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Forest Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1494-2119 .- 1913-2220. ; 27, s. 109-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transport costs are one of the major costs in the supply chain of stumps for fuel. Stump parts are bulkyand it is impossible to achieve full tonnages on trucks and trailers even though the load space iscompletely full. The transport economy for stumps is also negatively affected by the large amount ofcontaminants in the loads. Grinding the stumps at the landing and sieving of the produced hog fuel hasthe potential to increase load weights and reduce both the amount of contaminants and the transportcosts. To evaluate such a system a series of studies were made. Results show that coarse grinding andsieving reduced both moisture and ash content in the produced fuel, thus increasing the heating valueper ton delivered fuel and transforming a soil contaminated material to an acceptable fuel. Transportpayloads increased substantially compared to transports of stump parts, but a transport distance of110 km was needed before the coarse grinding system provided lower cost than the standard systemwith transports of stump parts and grinding at the heating plant. Further studies are needed to evaluatethe total energy efficiency in the two systems. Coarse grinding and sieving is a feasible way to increasefuel quality and improve transport economy. However, total costs will in most cases be higher than forthe loose stump system which renders the method preferable only in cases where the sieving processconverts a non-acceptable material into an acceptable fuel.
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| 3. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Biopohjainen menetelmä hakeaumojen suojaamiseksi
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bioenergia. - 2814-4910.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Metsähakekasojen suojana käytetään yleisesti fossiilipohjaista muovia. Vaikka muovi onkin hyvä suojamateriaali ja hyvää polttoainetta, muovia ei voi polttaa hakkeen seassa lämpölaitoksissa. Muovin erottelusta aiheutuu ylimääräistä työtä ja osana arvoketjua siitä aiheutuu paitsi valmistuksen päästöjä myös jätettä ja kierrätyskustannuksia.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Anerud, Erik
(författare)
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Evaluation of an improved design for large-scale storage of wood chip and bark
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A developed bioeconomy needs better storage methods for wood chips and forest industry by-products, since increasing demands for more assortments, more storage will be necessary Today, solutions for coping with storage-related problems, such as dry matter losses and risk of self-ignition, are based on separating assortments into smaller piles and avoiding large-scale long-term storage of chips. A safe and efficient storage solution is needed to enable wood chip production all year round and not be limited to just-in-time production during the cold heating season when there is a large demand. This might result in a more robust system with larger buffer capacities, a less stressful working environment for chipping and transport contractors, and a better yearly machine utilisation. This study evaluated storage outcomes for wood chips and bark when using an improved storage design that created assortment separation using concrete walls and a semipermeable sheet for cover. The new design enabled efficient area utilisation and increased fire safety. The storage outcome was also improved in terms of moisture content, dry matter losses and temperature development compared to conventional open-air piles.
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| 8. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the performance of a three-dimensional vibrating test rig for cleaning stumps
- 2012
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Ingår i: Australian Journal of Agricultural Engineering. - 1836-943X. ; 3, s. 51-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been shown that vibrating devices can successfully be used for separation and removal of unwanted/contaminant material, for both laboratory and full-scale industrial purposes. The presence of impurities on energy-rich softwood stumps is a major drawback when using stumps as fuel, since it leads to high ash content. Vibration methods can be an efficient approach to remove excess impurities and achieve acceptable ash content. Stumps are usually shaken in connection with harvesting and stored afterwards to facilitate the removal of contaminants. The required storage duration can lead to high dry matter losses and a faster and efficient cleaning method such as vibration is highly desirable. This study evaluated the performance of an adjustable three-dimensional vibrating test rig designed to assess the cleaning efficiency of vibration-based methods. Vibrating parameters such as acceleration amplitude, frequency and displacement of the test rig were determined for 12-24 mm distance between eccentric weight centre of mass and the rotating shaft of electric motors at rotation velocity 19.16-29.17 Hz. The acceleration amplitude ranged from 1.38 to 5.71 g. The parameters could be repeated irrespective of direction and number of vibration directions. The test rig was therefore considered to be a reliable tool for determining and evaluating the efficiency of vibration in removing contaminants from stumps.
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| 9. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel quality and dry matter losses of stored wood chips - Influence of cover material
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irregular seasonal demand from heat- and combined heat and power plants means that outdoor storage of forest fuels is an inevitable step in the forest fuel supply chain. Storage of fresh comminuted biomass render substantial dry matter and energy losses. Covering can protect wood chips from rewetting, leading to a higher net calorific value and lower dry matter losses, and thus increase the amount of available energy. This study examined the combined effect of covering material on fuel quality and the amount available energy from wood chips stored in a full-scale pile. The combined changes in fuel quality and dry matter loss reduced the amount of accessible energy by 9.8% in the uncovered part, by 5.6% when covered with water proof or light semi-permeable cover materials and by 1.0% when covered with a thicker semi permeable material. Fuel quality of wood chips can be improved by covering the piles during storage but the gain is affected by the type of cover material. Seasonal storage in properly covered chip piles facilitate an increased annual utilisation of chippers and chip trucks which reduces overall biomass supply chain cost.
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| 10. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel quality of Norway spruce stumps - influence of harvesting technique and storage method
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 26, s. 257-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interest in using stump biomass as a biofuel has recently increased in Sweden. The uneven consumption of wood fuel during the year creates a need for storage. This study examined the properties of stump biomass and how they vary at two sites in Sweden depending on harvesting technique, storage method and storage period. Norway spruce stumps, extracted using three different stump harvesting heads (Pallari, Rotary Cutter and Aalto), were stored in windrows or heaps. After 3 months, stumps stored in heaps were gathered into windrows. The fuel quality parameters moisture content (MC), ash content (AC) and calorific value (CV) were evaluated on five occasions in the period May 2008-September 2009. After 16 months of storage, the MC in all treatments had decreased to <25% (wet basis). Average AC decreased from 3.8% to around 1% (dry basis), whereas CV marginally increased. Stumps split during harvesting dried better than those harvested in one piece. The influence of storage method was minimal, although initial storage in heaps allowed better drying in the stumps harvested in one piece. In general, fuel quality improved in all treatments after storage.
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| 11. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel quality of stored spruce bark - Influence of semi-permeable covering material
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bark is a by-product of the sawmilling and pulp industries that is produced year-round. It is mainly used as a fuel, making its storage unavoidable due to seasonal variation in energy demand. Storing bark can lead to high energy losses but can also increase its fuel quality, e.g. by reducing its moisture content (M) and increasing its net calorific value (Q). Covering wood chip stacks with semi-permeable fabric sheets can improve fuel quality and reduce dry matter losses (DML) during storage. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the effect of similar coverage during storage on the fuel quality and energy recovery of stored bark. Two bark stacks of 1000 and 1400 m(3) were established, with half of each stack being covered with a water-resistant, vapour-permeable fabric. The temperature, M, and Q were measured in each stack immediately after construction and after three and seven months of storage. Additionally, the DML, total accessible energy, and economic value of each stack were calculated at the same time points.The combined changes in fuel quality and DML reduced the amount of accessible energy by 13.7% in the uncovered parts but increased that in the covered parts by 0.6%. The economic value of the covered parts was unchanged after storage whereas that of the uncovered parts was reduced by 14%. Covering bark stacks with semi-permeable fabric during storage could thus increase the profitability of bark fuel supply chains.
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| 12. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel quality of stored wood chips Influence of semi-permeable covering material
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 231, s. 628-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Storage is an important component in securing the supply chain for forest fuels, but can result in substantial dry matter and energy losses that reduce the economic value of the material. This study examined fuel quality and amount of recovered energy during storage of forest-residue chips stored in a full-scale pile and the effect of covering the pile with a water-resistant, vapour-permeable fabric.Moisture content in the covered part declined continuously during the trial, while mean moisture content in the uncovered part did not change, due to rewetting at the surface. Average dry matter losses after seven months were 5.8% in the covered part and 7.3% in the uncovered part.Combined changes in fuel quality and dry matter decreased the amount of assessable energy (expressed as net calorific value as-received from an initial kg of dry base) by 5.3% in the uncovered part and 0.6% in the covered part. Thus covering the pile with a semi-permeable fabric provides opportunities to store wood chips at lower cost.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Kostnadseffektiv och hållbar lagring av flisad skogsråvara och fasta biprodukter
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet syfte var att utvärdera metoder för kostnadseffektiv, hållbar och brandsäker hantering av skogsrester från skogsindustrin. Inom projektet har omfattande lagringsförsök i industriell skala genomförts från Småland till Norrbotten och försöken speglar såväl ett kust- som inlandsklimat som säsongsvariationer. Två huvudsakliga metoder för att öka lagringsbarheten har studerats; täckning, med olika typer av täckningsmaterial, samt sållning av sönderdelad biomassa. Det senare syftar till att dels höja bränslets kvalité, dels reducera mängden finfraktion i materialet. Studien har genomförts inom 7 olika arbetspaket, vilket innefattar lagringsstudier, produktions- och kostnadsstudier av sållning, kostnadsstudier av terminalhantering, materials självuppvärmningspotential, avgasning under lagring, modellering av temperaturutveckling och substansförluster samt hållbarhetsaspekter vid implementering av de olika metoderna. Sammantaget visar studierna att täckning och sållning resulterar i en avsevärt bättre lagringsbarhet. Sållning är den metod som har lett till bäst lagringsbarhet och resultaten från studierna har visat att det ekonomiska värdet på biomassan är ca 20 % högre i sållat material efter lagring jämfört med i osållat. Samtidigt visar studierna att såväl täckning som sållning leder till lägre stacktemperaturer, dvs. minskar risken för brand, och att avgasningen från stackarna minskar. Sållningen medför en kostnad motsvarande ca 10 % av det ekonomiska värdet, men siffran baseras på dieseldrivna mobila enheter. Det är högst troligt att denna kostnad är lägre för stationära sållverk som installeras i serie med befintlig sönderdelningsutrustning. I dessa fall kan el-driven utrustning nyttjas. Ökad lagringsbarhet genom sållning innebär inte enbart erhållande av ett homogenare bränsle av högre kvalitet, lägre avgasning och en energibesparing under själva lagringen. Det ger även förutsättningar för en mer kostnadseffektiv och hållbar hantering av bränslet genom hela kedjan från skog till förbränning. Implementering av en lagringsstrategi i syfte att öka lagrinsbarheten för sönderdelade bränslen kan påverka samtliga steg inom tillförselkedjan, och exempelvis ge ett jämnare maskinutnyttjande över året, lägre produktionskostnader, effektivare transporter, ökad lönsamhet för bränsleproducenterna, ökad möjlighet för anläggande av bränsleproduktionsanläggningar med stationär eldriven utrustning. Implementering av bränsleproduktionsanläggningar skulle i sin tur kunna leda till en säkrare och billigare lagring med mindre risk för självantändning, säkrare bränsleleveranser, bättre kvalitetsövervakning och ökad bränsleanpassning utifrån kundens önskemål. Därtill skulle dessa anläggningar kunna hantera flera olika typer av materialströmmar för olika ändamål och således utgöra noder/biohubbar som fördelar material mellan olika hanteringskedjor.
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| 15. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of an Innovative Bio-Based Wood Chip Storage Pile Cover—Can It Replace Plastic Tarps?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is currently great general interest in reducing the use of fossil-based materials. Fossil-based tarps are still widely used as cover for wood chip storage piles, causing additional waste or requiring further waste treatment in the supply chain. This study aimed to investigate the performance of an innovative bio-based wood chip pile cover compared to conventional treatments (plastic-covered and uncovered) in eastern Finnish conditions. The experiment evaluated the drying process during the storage of stemwood chips during 5.9 months of storage. It included the developments of temperature, moisture content, heating value, energy content, basic density, particle size distribution, and the dry matter losses of a total of six piles. As a result, the forest stemwood chips dried by 11%, with dry-matter losses of 4.3%, when covered with the bio-pile cover. Using the plastic covering, the forest stemwood chips dried by 22%, with dry matter losses of 2.9%. At the end of the experiment, the energy content in plastic-covered piles was 6.1% higher than uncovered piles and 3.1% higher than bio-pile-covered piles. While differences in the key drying performance parameters can be observed, the differences between uncovered piles and those covered with plastic tarps, as well as between the bio-based and the uncovered piles, were not statistically significant. We conclude that the bio-based cover, under the studied conditions, do not render better storage conditions than in current practices. However, our study indicates possible fossil-substitutional benefits by using a bio-based cover, which calls for further R&D work in this matter.
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| 16. |
- Anerud, Erik
(författare)
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Productivity and costs of sieving logging residue chips
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Forest Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1494-2119 .- 1913-2220. ; 33, s. 80-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sieving of chipped forest fuels has recently been suggested as a way to reduce dry matter losses during storage. Sieving provides a more homogeneous acceptable material with better storage properties, which reduces the risk of energy and dry matter losses and spontaneous ignition. Screened chips can be priced higher due to better quality, and both acceptable and reject fractions are more homogeneous, which improves combustion control. Sieving is costly and the reject fraction is not suitable for storage. Five sieving operations were studied, three involving vibrating screens and two involving starscreens. On average, starscreens were more productive than vibrating screens. In all operations, the sieving machine limited productivity, and the loader feeding the machine was not fully utilized. Sieving costs were under two euro per MWh of chips, which may be recovered through higher values and lower storage losses in the acceptable fraction. If sieving operations were used to increase storage of chips, it could increase the annual utilization of chippers and chip trucks in the supply chain, thereby reducing supply costs. Profitable sieving operations require demand for the fine fraction at a price close to that of residue chips.
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| 17. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Sieving and covering of wood chips improves storability
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Minimising dry matter losses during storage of comminuted forest fuels is desirable from both an economic and a sustainability perspective. This study examined fuel quality and amount of recovered energy during the storage of forest wood chips stored at full industrial scale at three locations, and the effect of sieving and covering piles with a water-resistant, vapour-permeable fabric. Sieving wood chips before storage, that is, reducing the number of fines smaller than 8 mm, reduced the cumulative dry matter losses to <2%, while cumulative dry matter losses after storage for 4-6 months using current practices, that is, unsieved and uncovered, reached 10.6%. The combined effect of storage management led to a value loss of 11.5%, while both covering and sieving led to lower losses, with the combination of sieving and covering giving a 1.3% value increase, and thus, increased storability.
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| 18. |
- Anerud, Erik
(författare)
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Storage
- 2018
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Ingår i: BioHub Infosheet.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Storage of Wood Chips: Effect of Chip Size on Storage Properties
- 2020
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Ingår i: Croatian Journal Of Forest Engineering. - : Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb. - 1845-5719 .- 1848-9672. ; 41, s. 277-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To make forest biomass more competitive, increased efficiency in the handling and supply system is needed, thus producing high-quality fuel at a lower cost. Operating costs can be reduced if the target chip size is increased, as this increases productivity and reduces chipper fuel consumption. However, the chips need to be stored in order to meet fluctuating seasonal demand and maintain high machine utilisation. Due to biomass degradation, storage of comminuted biomass can lead to high energy losses, but can also increase fuel quality, e.g. by reducing moisture content and increasing net calorific value. This study evaluated the effects of storage on dry matter losses and differences in fuel quality of the stored biomass for three target chip sizes and three materials during six months of storage. The results showed that coarse chips had significantly lower moisture content and lower energy losses after storage than fine chips. Overall, changes during storage resulted in an economic loss of 3-4% per oven-dry ton for fine chips, but an economic gain of 2-6% for coarse chips. Thus increased target chip size can increase the competitiveness of forest biomass through decreased production costs and reduced storage costs. It can also ensure higher, more consistent fuel quality.
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| 20. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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stubbar som bränsle
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
- Anerud, Erik
(författare)
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Stump as a fuel : the influence of harvesting technique and storage method on fuel quality of Norway spruce
- 2010
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Uncertain long-term availability of fossil fuels and the negative environmental impact of using it have created an urgent need for reliable renewable energy sources. Wood fuel, particularly forest residues is one of these sources which are in high demand in Sweden today. Stumps can be used as a complement to these, since they contain high concentrations of energy-rich lignin and extractives. However, stump removal can have negative environmental effects such as reduction of biodiversity and disturbance of nutrient balance in the soil. As to the fuel quality of stump biomass, there are some concerns connected with the utilisation of stumps since presence of excessive contaminants leads to high ash contents which reduce its value as fuel and causes operating problems. To ensure the supply of fuel of acceptable quality, an optimal system for harvesting, handling, and storage must be devised for stump procurement. The main aim of this work was to evaluate various stump harvesting techniques, storage methods (windrow or heaps), and different storage durations at two geographical locations and examine their effect on the fuel quality of Norway spruce stump biomass. Fuel quality parameters moisture content, ash content and calorific value were evaluated on five occasions during May 2008 - September 2009. Stump harvesting techniques that split the stumps allowed better drying during 13 months of storage. Storage method had no clear effect on these stumps. The ash content decreased considerably, particularly when transport and crushing took place at temperatures exceeding 0°C. In general, fuel quality was improved in all treatments after storage. However, as the storage time progressed, the net energy increment became continuously smaller due to the increased substance losses.
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| 22. |
- Anerud, Erik
(författare)
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Stumps as fuel : the influence of handling method on fuel quality
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wood fuels make a key contribution to renewable energy sources in the Nordic countries. The growing demand for forest biomass can be partly met by utilising energy-rich stumps left after clear cutting. As fuel, stump wood is commonly associated with a high presence of contaminants, resulting in high ash content. The concentration of contaminants depends on factors such as soil type, weather conditions, harvesting method, storage duration and other handling operations. The high ash content is a major drawback when using stump wood as fuel. Handling methods that could improve fuel quality are therefore highly desirable. To produce a fuel of acceptable quality, i.e. with low moisture and ash content and high energy value, the above-mentioned factors require evaluation and quantification. In this thesis, various handling methods within the supply chain for Norway spruce stump and their effects on the biomass as fuel are evaluated. The following handling processes are dealt with: harvesting technique, pre-treatments including stump splitting/fractionation and cleaning using vibration or sieving, storage methods and storage duration. Choice of stump harvesting head proved to have an impact on fuel quality, as splitting of stumps during extraction allowed better drying during storage. Such stumps could be stored directly in windrows, since no difference could be established between this method and storage in heaps prior to windrow storage. In general, storage improved fuel quality. Changes in fuel quality parameters do not reflect the whole picture, however, since dry matter losses occur during storage, and therefore the storage period should be kept as short as possible. During winter months, when demands for fuel are highest, stump ash content can be high, since frozen contaminants are difficult to detach from stumps during transport. To achieve acceptable fuel quality during high demand periods, long storage duration or a pre-treatment involving additional stump cleaning is required. Fuel quality was clearly improved by vibration-based cleaning before the comminution of stumps or by sieving stump wood after crushing. These methods can allow stump wood fuel of acceptable quality to be supplied within a harvesting season.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Täckningseffekt vid storskalig lagring av flis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Skogens energi – en källa till hållbar framtid : Sammanfattande rapport från Effektivare Skogsbränslesystem 2011-2015. - 9789197969475 ; , s. 118-119
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Dahlbom, Sixten, et al.
(författare)
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A theoretical evaluation of the impact of the type of reaction on heat production and material losses in biomass piles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fire and Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 0308-0501 .- 1099-1018. ; 11:12, s. 2693-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-heating during storage of biomass in piles causes material losses, leads to emissions to air, and poses a risk of fire. There are different techniques to assess a biomass material's propensity for self-heating, some of these are briefly reviewed. One of these techniques is isothermal calorimetry, which measures thermal power from materials and produces time-resolved curves. A recently developed and published test standard, ISO 20049-1:2020, describes how the self-heating of pelletized biofuels can be determined by means of isothermal calorimetry and how thermal power and the total heat produced during the test should be measured by isothermal calorimetry. This paper supports interpretation of the result obtained by isothermal calorimetry; the mentioned standard provides examples of peak thermal power and total heat but does not provide any assistance on how the result from isothermal measurements should be interpreted or how the result from measurements on different samples could be compared. This paper addresses the impact of different types of reactions, peak thermal power, total heat released (heat of reaction), activation energy, heat conductivity, and pile size on the temperature development in a generic pile of biomass. This paper addresses important parameters when the result from isothermal calorimetry is evaluated. The most important parameter, with respect to temperature development in large piles, was found to be the total heat released. It was also proposed that safe storage times, that is, the time until a run-away of the temperature in the pile, could be ranked based on the time to the peak thermal power.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Eliasson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Siktning av GROT-flis
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
- Eliasson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Sållning av grotflis
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Gunnarsson, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Optimerad lagring av biomassa : en strategisk innovationsagenda
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I dag finns stor kunskap inom området lagring av biomassa, även om kunskapen i delar är fragmenterad. Inom energiområdet finns problem med både lagringsförluster och arbetsmiljö. Vid lagring av grödor till foder och livsmedel är bibehållen kvalitet hos biomassan under lagring en förutsättning, och mycket forskning och utveckling har bedrivits inom detta område. Genom samverkan mellan olika områden skapar vi förutsättningar att tänka i nya banor och öka möjligheterna för en optimerad lagring av biomassa. Arbetet med agendan har gett nya gränsöverskridande diskussioner och samarbeten. Med en förväntad kraftigt ökad efterfrågan och därmed konkurrens om biomassa blir effektivitet och hållbarhet nyckelfaktorer för fortsatt god tillgång. Kontinuerliga förbättringar i alla led av tillförselkedjan är nödvändiga för att hantera dessa i grunden positiva marknadsförändringar. Ett billigare och mer homogent bio-bränsle från jord- och skogsbruk leder till ökad konkurrenskraft gentemot andra idag billigare bränslen. Vid biobaserad värme- och kraftvärmeproduktion står bränslet för en av de största kostnadsposterna, vilket gör hantering och lagring med låga förluster högt prioriterat. Biobränslen från jord- och skogsbruk har en hög fukthalt vid skörd, vilket innebär att de har låg lagringsstabilitet. För att få ned kostnaderna för hantering och lagring, och kunna leverera efterfrågade kvaliteter och därmed öka bio-bränslenas konkurrenskraft, behövs mer kunskap om vad som händer med bränslet under olika lagringsförhållanden med olika lagrings- och hanteringsmetoder. Grundläggande och fördjupade kunskaper för att bedöma lagringsstabiliten för biomassa, framför allt livsmedelsbaserade såsom spannmål och rapsfrö, finns och är helt nödvändig för att garantera livsmedelssäkerhet. Dessa erfarenheter kan användas för att öka kunskapen om lagringsstabilitet och lagringsförluster hos biomassa som helhet. Denna agenda har tagits fram i samverkan mellan forskare från jord- och skogsbruk samt representanter från råvaruproducenter och energibolag som slutanvändare. Agendans syfte är att skapa ett bra utgångs-läge för en effektivare hantering av biomassa genom kunskapsöverföring mellan branscher. Agendans mål är ta fram forskningsbehov för utveckling och innovationer inom området som ska leda till effektiv och kvalitetssäkrad hantering av biomassa. Fokus är användning av biomassa inom energisektorn. Agendan avgränsas till att omfatta primära och sekundära oförädlade biobränslen från skogsbruk och jordbruk samt återvunna trädbränslen för värme- och kraftvärmeproduktion för anläggningar större än 1 MW. Vår vision är att använda biobränslets fulla potential genom kontrollerad lagring med låga förluster som ger effektiva och lönsamma leveranser med förutsägbar och homogen kvalitet utan hälsorisker. Vid två workshops på JTI i Uppsala träffades deltagarna för att identifiera kunskapsluckor, forskningsbehov och aktiviteter. För att inkludera synpunkter från fler aktörer genomfördes telefonintervjuer med ytterligare personer med koppling till biomassalagring.
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- Nordström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Stubbprognoser för skördardata
- 2015
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Ingår i: Skogens energi - en källa till hållbar framtid : sammanfattande rapport från effektivare skogsbränslesystem 2011-2015. ; , s. 34-35
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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- Olsson, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Keep that fire burning: Fuel supply risk management strategies of Swedish district heating plants and implications for energy security
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 90, s. 70-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent decades have seen a strong increase in bioenergy utilization in Sweden, from 52 TWh in 1983 to 128 TWh in 2013. Much of this increase has been achieved by replacing fossil fuels with different forms of bioenergy in district heating. Increased use of bioenergy is generally seen as key to reducing fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and improving energy security.However, replacing fossil fuels with solid biomass fuels in stationary heat and power generation entails significantly more complicated fuel supply logistics, with geographically scattered material associated with storage difficulties and low energy density. Given these risks and challenges and the key role of biomass-based district heating in the Swedish energy system, disturbances in fuel supply to district heating could potentially be an energy security issue.Through literature studies and interviews with employees at 18 district heating plants, we mapped present and future risks and risk management strategies in district heating supply in the Malardalen region, south-east Sweden. We found that although small disturbances to fuel supply are not uncommon, the likelihood of heat supply failures due to fuel supply problems is low. Risk awareness is generally high among fuel supply managers, with widespread use of multilevel redundancies and diversification as key risk management strategies. However, fuel supply to plants is highly dependent on functioning truck transport and, consequently, availability of diesel fuel for trucks. Risk management can be strengthened further by implementation of forward-looking risk assessments that are less reliant on past experiences. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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