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- Henriksson, Andreas, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Cable Modeling for Accurate Estimation of Current and Voltage Ripple in Electric Vehicles
- 2018
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In: 2018 IEEE TRANSPORTATION AND ELECTRIFICATION CONFERENCE AND EXPO (ITEC). - 2377-5483 .- 2473-7631. - 9781538630488 ; , s. 714-719
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An electric vehicle is a complex system where multiple converters are connected to a common DC-bus. In order to determine the current and voltage harmonics on the DC-bus, all ingoing components and subsystems needs to be modeled on a detailed level. In this paper, the focus lies on cable modeling where a high frequency cable model is incorporated in a drive system model. The resulting current and voltage ripple in the system is then compared to measurements in an experimental setup. Due to the improved cable model and an extensive system parameter identification procedure, the usage of the system model was found valid for harmonic frequencies up to 1 MHz. The main harmonic component at 20 kHz was simulated with similar to 1.7 % accuracy and the components in the range 35 kHz to 200 kHz with <6 % accuracy compared to measurements.
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- Liorni, Ilaria, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of exposure to electric vehicle inductive power transfer systems : Experimental measurements and numerical dosimetry
- 2020
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-power inductive power transfer (IPT) systems for charging light and heavy electric vehicles pose safety concerns if they are installed in uncontrolled environments. Within the framework of the European Project EMPIR-16ENG08 MICEV, a wide experimental and numerical study was conducted to assess the exposure of the general public to IPT stray magnetic fields for two different exposure scenarios: (1) for an IPT model system derived from the SAE J2954 standard operating at 85 kHz for a light electric vehicle coupled with the model of a realistic car-body model; and (2) for an IPT model system with a maximum rated power of 50 kW at 27.8 kHz for a real minibus that was reproduced with some simplifications in two different 3D finite element method (FEM) simulation tools (Opera 3D and CST software). An ad hoc measurement survey was carried out at the minibus charging station to validate the simulations of the real bus station for both aligned and misaligned IPT coils. Based on this preliminary study, a safety factor was chosen to ensure a conservative dosimetric analysis with respect to the model approximations. As highlighted in this study, the vehicle-body serves as an efficient screen to reduce the magnetic field by at least three orders of magnitude close to the coils. By applying FEM, computed spatial distribution to the Sim4Life software, the exposure of three Virtual Population human anatomical phantoms (one adult, one child, and a newborn) was assessed. The three phantoms were placed in different postures and locations for both exposure scenarios. The basic restriction limits, established by the current guidelines, were never exceeded within the vehicles; however, the basic restrictions were exceeded when an adult crouched outside the minibus, i.e., near the coils, or when a newborn was placed in the same location. Borderline values were observed in the light car. In the case of the bus, limits coming from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) guidelines are never exceeded, while basic restrictions coming from the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines are exceeded up to 12% for an adult and up to 38% for a newborn. This paper presents novel dosimetric data generated in an IPT system for heavy vehicles and confirms some of the literature data on light vehicles. © 2020 by the authors.
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- Zucca, M., et al.
(author)
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Metrology for Inductive Charging of Electric Vehicles (MICEV)
- 2019
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In: 2019 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE). ; , s. 1-6
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European Union funded project MICEV aims at improving the traceability of electrical and magnetic measurement at charging stations and to better assess the safety of this technology with respect to human exposure. The paper describes some limits of the instrumentation used for electrical measurements in the charging stations, and briefly presents two new calibration facilities for magnetic field meters and electric power meters. Modeling approaches for the efficiency and human exposure assessment are proposed. In the latter case, electromagnetic computational codes have been combined with dosimetric computational codes making use of highly detailed human anatomical phantoms in order to establish human exposure modeling real charging stations. Detailed results are presented for light vehicles where, according to our calculations, the concern towards human exposure is limited. Currently, the project has reached half way point (about 18 months) and will end in August 2020.
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- Ödman, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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Experimental study of path loss for UHF band communication near water surface
- 2012
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In: International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation. - 2039-5086. ; 2:3, s. 215-219
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The UHF band is often used for communication over water. Presented work quantifies path loss for this scenario. Experimental results are presented within 200 MHz to 1000 MHz, with the antennas positioned up to 2 m above the water surface. Path loss models are created from the measured data.
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