| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Ferrari, Raffaele, et al.
(författare)
-
Frontotemporal dementia and its subtypes: a genome-wide association study.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4465. ; 13:7, s. 686-699
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a complex disorder characterised by a broad range of clinical manifestations, differential pathological signatures, and genetic variability. Mutations in three genes-MAPT, GRN, and C9orf72-have been associated with FTD. We sought to identify novel genetic risk loci associated with the disorder.
|
|
| 3. |
- Groß, Rüdiger, et al.
(författare)
-
Macromolecular Viral Entry Inhibitors as Broad-Spectrum First-Line Antivirals with Activity against SARS-CoV-2
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : Wiley. - 2198-3844. ; 9:20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhibitors of viral cell entry based on poly(styrene sulfonate) and its core–shell nanoformulations based on gold nanoparticles are investigated against a panel of viruses, including clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2. Macromolecular inhibitors are shown to exhibit the highly sought-after broad-spectrum antiviral activity, which covers most analyzed enveloped viruses and all of the variants of concern for SARS-CoV-2 tested. The inhibitory activity is quantified in vitro in appropriate cell culture models and for respiratory viral pathogens (respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2) in mice. Results of this study comprise a significant step along the translational path of macromolecular inhibitors of virus cell entry, specifically against enveloped respiratory viruses.
|
|
| 4. |
- Isacsson, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Use of bibloc and monobloc oral appliances in obstructive sleep apnoea : a multicentre, randomized, blinded, parallel-group equivalence trial
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 41:1, s. 80-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The clinical benefit of bibloc over monobloc appliances in treating obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has not been evaluated in randomized trials. We hypothesized that the two types of appliances are equally effective in treating OSA.Objective: To compare the efficacy of monobloc versus bibloc appliances in a short-term perspective.Patients and methods: In this multicentre, randomized, blinded, controlled, parallel-group equivalence trial, patients with OSA were randomly assigned to use either a bibloc or a monobloc appliance. One-night respiratory polygraphy without respiratory support was performed at baseline, and participants were re-examined with the appliance in place at short-term follow-up. The primary outcome was the change in the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI). An independent person prepared a randomization list and sealed envelopes. Evaluating dentist and the biomedical analysts who evaluated the polygraphy were blinded to the choice of therapy.Results: Of 302 patients, 146 were randomly assigned to use the bibloc and 156 the monobloc device; 123 and 139 patients, respectively, were analysed as per protocol. The mean changes in AHI were -13.8 (95% confidence interval -16.1 to -11.5) in the bibloc group and -12.5 (-14.8 to -10.3) in the monobloc group. The difference of -1.3 (-4.5 to 1.9) was significant within the equivalence interval (P = 0.011; the greater of the two P values) and was confirmed by the intention-to-treat analysis (P = 0.001). The adverse events were of mild character and were experienced by similar percentages of patients in both groups (39 and 40 per cent for the bibloc and monobloc group, respectively).Limitations: The study shows short-term results with a median time from commencing treatment to the evaluation visit of 56 days and long-term data on efficacy and harm are needed to be fully conclusive.Conclusion: In a short-term perspective, both appliances were equivalent in terms of their positive effects for treating OSA and caused adverse events of similar magnitude.Trial registration: Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT02148510).
|
|
| 5. |
- Maxwell, Tania L., et al.
(författare)
-
Global dataset of soil organic carbon in tidal marshes
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tidal marshes store large amounts of organic carbon in their soils. Field data quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks provide an important resource for researchers, natural resource managers, and policy-makers working towards the protection, restoration, and valuation of these ecosystems. We collated a global dataset of tidal marsh soil organic carbon (MarSOC) from 99 studies that includes location, soil depth, site name, dry bulk density, SOC, and/or soil organic matter (SOM). The MarSOC dataset includes 17,454 data points from 2,329 unique locations, and 29 countries. We generated a general transfer function for the conversion of SOM to SOC. Using this data we estimated a median (± median absolute deviation) value of 79.2 ± 38.1 Mg SOC ha−1 in the top 30 cm and 231 ± 134 Mg SOC ha−1 in the top 1 m of tidal marsh soils globally. This data can serve as a basis for future work, and may contribute to incorporation of tidal marsh ecosystems into climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and policies.
|
|
| 6. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
-
Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
|
|
| 7. |
- Pisani, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
-
Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome : a pooled analysis of four observational studies
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Global Health. - 2214-109X. ; 10:2, s. 227-235
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference –1·69 [–9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5–8] vs 6 [5–8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52–23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75–0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status. Funding: No funding.
|
|
| 8. |
- Civitelli, Livia, et al.
(författare)
-
Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in neurons leads to production and nuclear localization of APP intracellular domain (AICD): implications for Alzheimers disease pathogenesis
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neurovirology. - : SPRINGER. - 1355-0284 .- 1538-2443. ; 21:5, s. 480-490
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several data indicate that neuronal infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes biochemical alterations reminiscent of Alzheimers disease (AD) phenotype. They include accumulation of amyloid-beta (A beta), which originates from the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, which leads to neurofibrillary tangle deposition. HSV-1 infection triggers APP processing and drives the production of several fragments including APP intracellular domain (AICD) that exerts transactivating properties. Herein, we analyzed the production and intracellular localization of AICD following HSV-1 infection in neurons. We also checked whether AICD induced the transcription of two target genes, neprilysin (nep) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (gsk3 beta), whose products play a role in A beta clearance and tau phosphorylation, respectively. Our data indicate that HSV-1 led to the accumulation and nuclear translocation of AICD in neurons. Moreover, results from chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that AICD binds the promoter region of both nep and gsk3 beta. Time course analysis of NEP and GSK3 beta expression at both mRNA and protein levels demonstrated that they are differently modulated during infection. NEP expression and enzymatic activity were initially stimulated but, with the progression of infection, they were down-regulated. In contrast, GSK3 beta expression remained nearly unchanged, but the analysis of its phosphorylation suggests that it was inactivated only at later stages of HSV-1 infection. Thus, our data demonstrate that HSV-1 infection induces early upstream events in the cell that may eventually lead to A beta deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation and further suggest HSV-1 as a possible risk factor for AD.
|
|
| 9. |
- Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N., et al.
(författare)
-
Gender, age at onset, and duration of being ill as predictors for the long-term course and outcome of schizophrenia : an international multicenter study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: CNS Spectrums. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1092-8529 .- 2165-6509. ; 27:6, s. 716-723
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The aim of the current study was to explore the effect of gender, age at onset, and duration on the long-term course of schizophrenia. Methods Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries representing all continents participated in the study that included 2358 patients aged 37.21 +/- 11.87 years with a DSM-IV or DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia; the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale as well as relevant clinicodemographic data were gathered. Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used, and the methodology corrected for the presence of potentially confounding effects. Results There was a 3-year later age at onset for females (P < .001) and lower rates of negative symptoms (P < .01) and higher depression/anxiety measures (P < .05) at some stages. The age at onset manifested a distribution with a single peak for both genders with a tendency of patients with younger onset having slower advancement through illness stages (P = .001). No significant effects were found concerning duration of illness. Discussion Our results confirmed a later onset and a possibly more benign course and outcome in females. Age at onset manifested a single peak in both genders, and surprisingly, earlier onset was related to a slower progression of the illness. No effect of duration has been detected. These results are partially in accord with the literature, but they also differ as a consequence of the different starting point of our methodology (a novel staging model), which in our opinion precluded the impact of confounding effects. Future research should focus on the therapeutic policy and implications of these results in more representative samples.
|
|
| 10. |
- Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N., et al.
(författare)
-
Staging of Schizophrenia With the Use of PANSS : An International Multi-Center Study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Oxford University Press. - 1461-1457 .- 1469-5111. ; 22:11, s. 681-697
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionA specific clinically relevant staging model for schizophrenia has not yet been developed. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the factor structure of the PANSS and develop such a staging method.MethodsTwenty-nine centers from 25 countries contributed 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Analysis of covariance, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Discriminant Function Analysis, and inspection of resultant plots were performed.ResultsExploratory Factor Analysis returned 5 factors explaining 59% of the variance (positive, negative, excitement/hostility, depression/anxiety, and neurocognition). The staging model included 4 main stages with substages that were predominantly characterized by a single domain of symptoms (stage 1: positive; stages 2a and 2b: excitement/hostility; stage 3a and 3b: depression/anxiety; stage 4a and 4b: neurocognition). There were no differences between sexes. The Discriminant Function Analysis developed an algorithm that correctly classified >85% of patients.DiscussionThis study elaborates a 5-factor solution and a clinical staging method for patients with schizophrenia. It is the largest study to address these issues among patients who are more likely to remain affiliated with mental health services for prolonged periods of time.
|
|
| 11. |
- Giles, Clover, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
The efficacy of psychological prevention, and health promotion interventions targeting psychological health, wellbeing or resilience among forced migrant children and youth : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X.
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are over 40 million displaced children and youth worldwide and there is a need promote their mental wellbeing. This study aimed to synthesize evidence regarding promotion interventions to increase wellbeing, resilience, and quality of life (primary outcomes), and prevention interventions to reduce internalizing and externalizing symptoms (secondary outcomes) in this population. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022329978). Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched. Inclusion criteria were: ≥ 10 participants, sample ≤ 18 years of age, no parental participation, explicated forced migrant populations, implementation in non-clinical context, and validated measures. Fifteen studies (N interventions = 18, N participants = 5741) were eligible. Two studies included outcomes related to wellbeing and quality of life. The remaining studies reported depression, PTSD, anxiety, internalizing and externalizing behaviours, and behavioural and emotional problems. There was only sufficient data to perform random-effects meta-analysis of depression scores. No significant effects were observed in comparison to control condition in randomized trials (n = 4994, k = 5) but a small significant positive trend was observed in within-group analyses (n = 537, k = 12). Cochrane's risk of bias tools and the GRADE certainty of evidence tool were applied. No studies achieved low risk of bias and certainty of evidence was very low. In sum, there remains a dearth of rigorous intervention studies investigating the effects of promotive and preventative psychological interventions on the wellbeing, resilience, and quality of life of forcibly displaced minors. However, the few eligible studies in this review indicate promise.
|
|
| 12. |
- Islind, Anna Sigridur, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
From Digital Fight to Digital Pride in Public Sector : Redefining Professionals' Roles and Work in Public Sector
- 2016
-
Ingår i: SIG USE 2016 16th Annual Research Symposium at ASIST 2016: Information Behavior in Workplaces, October 15, Copenhagen, Denmark..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AbstractThe digitalization in the public sector poses challenges for the professionals that have previously not been using digital tools as a part of their everyday practice. Building on three qualitative research projects this study shed light on contradictions and tussles, as well as possibilities related to professionalism in the public sector. The three cases involve different professionals: cancer rehabilitation nurses, municipality communicators, and resident physicians. The paper aims to gain a better understanding of the impact of digitalization efforts on everyday work practices, and the emerging opportunities and challenges of using digital artifacts as a part of professional work. Our findings show how the transition toward digital work practices is pushing the professional boundaries of rooted professionalism in the public sector. The meaning of work and what it means to be a professional profoundly changes. The process of tuning professionalism in the public sector is not straight forward.
|
|
| 13. |
- Islind, Anna Sigridur, et al.
(författare)
-
Socio-Technical Interplay in a Two-Sided Market : The Case of Learning Platforms
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation. - Cham : Springer. - 2195-4968. - 9783030475383 - 9783030475390 ; 37, s. 33-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rise of the platform era changes the way interactions are structured and enables transactions at a distance. The platform phenomena also enables co-creation of content, shifting the way services are delivered across diverse boundaries. This is especially apparent in workplaces, where the developments change roles, relationships and conditions for teaching and learning, creating the possibility of a two-sided market. From a socio-technical and socio-cultural learning perspective, this study primarily aims for a better understanding of platforms in higher educational settings. Using a learning platform as an illustrative case, we argue for platform context transactions that are not monetary transactions. The main contribution of the paper is to offer a discussion where we problematize the transactional concept in two-sided markets. The findings shed new light on emerging challenges and tensions in the interplay between the constant change of technology and what it means to work in such change. This has implications for both teaching and learning and offers insights that can be valuable for understanding the shift to online learning during the recent pandemic of covid-19.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Johansson, Lars-Olof, Universitetsadjunkt, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards sharing economy in rural areas
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - Washington : IEEE Computer Society. - 1530-1605. - 9780998133140 ; , s. 2420-2421
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 16. |
- Jury, Michael, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
-
Bioorthogonally Cross‐Linked Hyaluronan–Laminin Hydrogels for 3D Neuronal Cell Culture and Biofabrication
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Advanced Healthcare Materials. - : Wiley. - 2192-2640 .- 2192-2659. ; 11:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laminins (LNs) are key components in the extracellular matrix of neuronal tissues in the developing brain and neural stem cell niches. LN-presenting hydrogels can provide a biologically relevant matrix for the 3D culture of neurons toward development of advanced tissue models and cell-based therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders. Biologically derived hydrogels are rich in fragmented LN and are poorly defined concerning composition, which hampers clinical translation. Engineered hydrogels require elaborate and often cytotoxic chemistries for cross-linking and LN conjugation and provide limited possibilities to tailor the properties of the materials. Here a modular hydrogel system for neural 3D cell cultures, based on hyaluronan and poly(ethylene glycol), that is cross-linked and functionalized with human recombinant LN-521 using bioorthogonal copper-free click chemistry, is shown. Encapsulated human neuroblastoma cells demonstrate high viability and grow into spheroids. Long-term neuroepithelial stem cells (lt-NES) cultured in the hydrogels can undergo spontaneous differentiation to neural fate and demonstrate significantly higher viability than cells cultured without LN. The hydrogels further support the structural integrity of 3D bioprinted structures and maintain high viability of bioprinted and syringe extruded lt-NES, which can facilitate biofabrication and development of cell-based therapies.
|
|
| 17. |
- Merlo, Domenico Franco, et al.
(författare)
-
Micronuclei in Cord Blood Lymphocytes and Associations with Biomarkers of Exposure to Carcinogens and Hormonally Active Factors, Gene Polymorphisms, and Gene Expression : The NewGeneris Cohort
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 122:2, s. 193-200
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Leukemia incidence has increased in recent decades among European children, -suggesting that early-life environmental exposures play an important role in disease development. Objectives: We investigated the hypothesis that childhood susceptibility may increase as a result of in utero exposure to carcinogens and hormonally acting factors. Using cord blood samples from the NewGeneris cohort, we examined associations between a range of biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and hormonally acting factors with micronuclei (MN) frequency as a proxy measure of cancer risk. Associations with gene expression and genotype were also explored. Methods: DNA and protein adducts, gene expression profiles, circulating hormonally acting factors, and GWAS (genome-wide association study) data were investigated in relation to genomic damage measured by MN frequency in lymphocytes from 623 newborns enrolled between 2006 and 2010 across Europe. Results: Malondialdehyde DNA adducts (M(1)dG) were associated with increased MN frequency in binucleated lymphocytes (MNBN), and exposure to androgenic, estrogenic, and dioxin-like compounds was associated with MN frequency in mononucleated lymphocytes (MNMONO), although no monotonic exposure-outcome relationship was observed. Lower frequencies of MNBN were associated with a 1-unit increase expression of PDCD11, LATS2, TRIM13, CD28, SMC1A, IL7R, and NIPBL genes. Gene expression was significantly higher in association with the highest versus lowest category of bulky and M(1)dG-DNA adducts for five and six genes, respectively. Gene expression levels were significantly lower for 11 genes in association with the highest versus lowest category of plasma AR CALUX (R) (chemically activated luciferase expression for androgens) (8 genes), ER alpha CALUX (R) (for estrogens) (2 genes), and DR CALUX (R) (for dioxins). Several SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) on chromosome 11 near FOLH1 significantly modified associations between androgen activity and MNBN frequency. Polymorphisms in EPHX1/ 2 and CYP2E1 were associated with MNBN. Conclusion: We measured in utero exposure to selected environmental carcinogens and circulating hormonally acting factors and detected associations with MN frequency in newborns circulating T lymphocytes. The results highlight mechanisms that may contribute to carcinogen-induced leukemia and require further research.
|
|
| 18. |
- Norström, Livia, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Balancing the Social Media Seesaw in Public Sector : A Sociomaterial Perspective
- 2017
-
Ingår i: IRIS Selected Papers of the Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia. - 1891-9863 .- 2387-3353. ; :8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of social media in the public sector changes the professionals' everyday work practice. This paper sheds light on the emerging challenges of using social media as a part of work, based on the analysis of three contexts within the public sector in Sweden and through the lens of sociomateriality and affordances. The approach is interpretive field studies with a narrative analysis, where we interpret and analyse key elements of the storylines, focusing on the transition to social media use among professionals (nurses, municipal communicators, and physicians) in the three contexts. Social media enables an open work environment where information is visible and potentially spreadable to an unknown audience. The process of interacting with an unknown audience and finding a professional tone is analysed here as context collapse. The unknown, and at times imagined complex audience, makes it hard to balance the seesaw between friendliness on the one hand and an authoritative tone on the other; a tonality which leaves most of the potential audience unreached. The interplay between social media and the professionals shapes the professionals' practice. We analyse this interplaying practice more specifically, as sociomateriality in action.
|
|
| 19. |
- Norström, Livia, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Beyond Social Auditing : Towards Self-governance and Empowerment of Textile Workers
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being one of the worst industries in the world in terms of human and environmental abuse, the tex tile industry is in urgent need for sustainable transformation. Textile workers in the global south belong to a particularly precarious group of workers; they are mainly women, often young, migrant and in vulnerable job market positions. Social audit is a practice that brands engage in to measure, understand and report on social and ethical performance in their supply chain. However, research shows that social audits marginally improve worker rights and a lot of structural non-compliance is recidivist: that is, it is repetitive and pernicious. Therefore, the discussion of going beyond auditing towards distributed communicative governance among participant organizations in the supply chain is becoming both attractive and urgent. In this paper we present a research proposal that explores alternative practices to social auditing . . .
|
|
| 20. |
- Norström, Livia, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
New Logics of Ethics in the Age of Digital Platforms : Design Fictions of Autonomous Cars
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work-Demos and Posters. - : European Society for Socially Embedded Technologies (EUSSET).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous cars are the first major examples of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in everyday life. When cars are transformed into platforms,new service relationships emerge between car companies and the car users. These relationships generate gains and catches for both parts related to how physical and non-physical resources are exchanged in the sharing economy; how integrity is negotiated; and how responsibility is delegated when AI enables the car to take over most of the driving. With a "car as a platform approach", in this paper, we present a design fiction on ethical implications for citizens' daily lives with autonomous cars
|
|
| 21. |
- Norström, Livia, 1975-
(författare)
-
Social Media as Sociomaterial Service : On Practicing Public Service Innovation in Municipalities
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Governments are in need to innovate public service. They struggle with complex societal problems, decreased citizen trust and the work of adapting to new demands related to how service should be delivered to fit contemporary living. Inspired by success stories from the private sector's "open innovation" approaches, governments are complementing internal competence with knowledge resources of external actors such as citizens. One increasingly growing strategy for knowledge expansion beyond government boundaries has been to use social media platforms, e.g. Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. This strategy has been shown to be especially effective at a local government level (henceforth municipality) where citizens are geographically close to the government and where government manages activities that citizens rely on in their daily lives.Despite an expansive rise of social media use in municipalities, and efforts to see beyond a traditional and New Public Management approach to public service, there is little knowledge about the participatory and innovative capacity of social media in a government context. This knowledge gap is reflected in researchers' and municipal administrators' uncertainty as to how to make use of social media for improvement of public service and how to handle tensions about what is possible to do with social media and what is legitimate to do as a public servant.The aim of the thesis is thus to map, unpack and conceptualize social media practice by municipal communicators to understand how tensions and dynamics between social media mechanisms and government rationales are shaping the practice and how new emerging practices can be understood as public service innovation. The research questions of the thesis are: RQ1: How are social mediamechanisms supporting different public service rationales?; RQ2: How is public service enacted in the social media practice by municipal communicators?; RQ 3: How can social media practice by municipal communicators be understood as public service innovation?With an engaged scholarship research approach, related research on social medialogic, e-government, e-governance and digital public service innovation, and with the help of the theoretical perspectives "service innovation," "practice perspective" and "sociomateriality," the thesis contributes extended insights into how social media platform mechanisms support different government rationales in processes of sociomaterial service, and how such practice can be understood as creative processes towards public service innovation.As a practical contribution I propose that both communicators and managers in government engage together in networks of others working with social media and to discuss for instance the mission of the government in relation to the aim of using social media, what tensions arise in the social media practice and why, and how algorithms are shaping the social media practice.
|
|
| 22. |
- Norström, Livia, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainable Digital Ecosystems Inthe Textile Industry : Completed Research Paper
- 2023
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social audit approaches to sustainable development in the textile industry predominate in worldwidepractice. However, research indicates that there are persistent structural non-compliance cases,demonstrating repetitive and harmful patterns and that creating codes of conduct as part of sustainabilitypractices can only marginally improve worker rights on an overall level across industries. Due to theseconstraints associated with social audits, there's been a rising discourse about moving beyond these audits.In this paper we examine alternative approaches to social auditing to gain understanding, knowledge,collaboration, and empowerment within the value chain of brands, suppliers, and their employees. Wetarget this emerging issue as a challenge for sustainable development of the textile industry. With aqualitative case study of a textile industry value chain as a base, and with the frames of the global sustainabledevelopment discourse, and ecosystem thinking, we suggest an alternative digital practice to social auditingin the textile industry, that gives workers a voice to speak with, that empowers the suppliers to take owncontrol and responsibility over social conditions of their employees and that balances the present powertakeover of brands. Merging the sustainable development discourse with digital ecosystems thinking whenconceptualizing, theorizing or designing information systems (IS), we argue, is a way forward for IS to meetgrand societal challenges.
|
|
| 23. |
- Pedersen, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Bulky DNA Adducts in Cord Blood, Maternal Fruit-and-Vegetable Consumption, and Birth Weight in a European Mother-Child Study (NewGeneris)
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 121:10, s. 1200-1206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Tobacco-smoke, airborne, and dietary exposures to polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been associated with reduced prenatal growth. Evidence from -biomarker-based studies of low-exposed populations is limited. Bulky DNA adducts in cord blood reflect the prenatal effective dose to several genotoxic agents including PAHs. Objectives: We estimated the association between bulky DNA adduct levels and birth weight in a multicenter study and examined modification of this association by maternal intake of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy. Methods: Pregnant women from Denmark, England, Greece, Norway, and Spain were recruited in 2006-2010. Adduct levels were measured by the 32P-postlabeling technique in white blood cells from 229 mothers and 612 newborns. Maternal diet was examined through questionnaires. Results: Adduct levels in maternal and cord blood samples were similar and positively correlated (median, 12.1 vs. 11.4 adducts in 108 nucleotides; Spearman rank correlation coefficient = 0.66, p < 0.001). Cord blood adduct levels were negatively associated with birth weight, with an estimated difference in mean birth weight of -129 g (95% CI: -233, -25 g) for infants in the highest versus lowest tertile of adducts. The negative association with birth weight was limited to births in Norway, Denmark, and England, the countries with the lowest adduct levels, and was more pronounced in births to mothers with low intake of fruits and vegetables (-248 g; 95% CI: -405, -92 g) compared with those with high intake (-58 g; 95% CI: -206, 90 g). Conclusions: Maternal exposure to genotoxic agents that induce the formation of bulky DNA adducts may affect intrauterine growth. Maternal fruit and vegetable consumption may be protective.
|
|
| 24. |
- Probert-Lindström, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Utilization of psychiatric services prior to suicide - a retrospective comparison of users with and without previous suicide attempts
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Archives of Suicide Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1381-1118 .- 1543-6136. ; 27:2, s. 401-414
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionThe aim was to investigate psychiatric health care utilization two years before death by suicide among individuals with previous suicide attempts (PSA) compared with those without (NSA).MethodA retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted including 484 individuals who died by suicide in Sweden in 2015 and were in contact with psychiatric services within the two years preceding death, identified through the Cause of Death register. Data on psychiatric health care two years before death, including suicide attempts according to notes in the medical record was used. Associations between having at least one PSA vs. NSA and health care utilization were estimated as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) by logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf the 484 individuals included, 51% had PSA. Those with PSA were more likely than NSA to have received a psychiatric diagnosis [OR 1.96 (CI 95% 1.17-3.30)], to have ongoing psychotropic medication [OR 1.96 (CI 95% 1.15-3.36)] and to have been absent from appointments during the last three months [1.97 (1.25-3.13)]. In addition, elevated suicide risk was more often noted in the psychiatric case records of those with a PSA than those without [OR 2.17 (CI 95% 1.24-3.79)].ConclusionThe results underline the importance of improved suicide risk assessment as well as thorough diagnostic assessment and when indicated, psychiatric treatment as suicide preventive interventions regardless of PSA. Furthermore, the larger proportion of absence from appointments in individuals with PSA may indicate a need of improved alliance between psychiatric care providers and individuals with PSA.
|
|
| 25. |
- Sackmann, Valerie, et al.
(författare)
-
Inhibition of nSMase2 Reduces the Transfer of Oligomeric alpha-Synuclein Irrespective of Hypoxia
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1662-5099. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, have been proposed to play an influential role in the cell-to-cell spread of neurodegenerative diseases, including the intercellular transmission of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn). However, the regulation of EV biogenesis and its relation to Parkinson's disease (PD) is only partially understood. The generation of EVs through the ESCRT-independent pathway depends on the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) to produce ceramide, which causes the membrane of endosomal multivesicular bodies to bud inward. nSMase2 is sensitive to oxidative stress, a common process in PD brains; however, little is known about the role of sphingomyelin metabolism in the pathogenesis of PD. This is the first study to show that inhibiting nSMase2 decreases the transfer of oligomeric aggregates of alpha-syn between neuron-like cells. Furthermore, it reduced the accumulation and aggregation of high-molecular-weight alpha-syn. Hypoxia, as a model of oxidative stress, reduced the levels of nSMase2, but not its enzymatic activity, and significantly altered the lipid composition of cells without affecting EV abundance or the transfer of alpha-syn. These data show that altering sphingolipids can mitigate the spread of alpha-syn, even under hypoxic conditions, potentially suppressing PD progression.
|
|
| 26. |
- Sardar Sinha, Maitrayee, et al.
(författare)
-
Alzheimer's disease pathology propagation by exosomes containing toxic amyloid-beta oligomers
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - : SPRINGER. - 0001-6322 .- 1432-0533. ; 136:1, s. 41-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gradual deterioration of cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease is paralleled by a hierarchical progression of amyloid-beta and tau brain pathology. Recent findings indicate that toxic oligomers of amyloid-beta may cause propagation of pathology in a prion-like manner, although the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we show that small extracellular vesicles, exosomes, from Alzheimer patients' brains contain increased levels of amyloid-beta oligomers and can act as vehicles for the neuron-to-neuron transfer of such toxic species in recipient neurons in culture. Moreover, blocking the formation, secretion or uptake of exosomes was found to reduce both the spread of oligomers and the related toxicity. Taken together, our results imply that exosomes are centrally involved in Alzheimer's disease and that they could serve as targets for development of new diagnostic and therapeutic principles.
|
|
| 27. |
- Savio, Monica, et al.
(författare)
-
Resveratrol analogue 4,4 -dihydroxy-trans-stilbene potently inhibits cancer invasion and metastasis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 6:19973
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the preventive effects of resveratrol analogue 4,4-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (DHS) on cancer invasion and metastasis. Two different in vivo approaches of mouse and zebrafish lung cancer invasion models were employed in our study. The in vitro results showed that DHS displays potent inhibition on anchorage-dependent or -independent cell growth of LLC cells, leading to impairment of the cell cycle progression with reduction of cell numbers arresting at the G1 phase, an evident accumulation of pre-G1 events correlated with apoptotic behaviour. In addition, DHS induces a marked inhibition of LLC cell migration and matrigel invasion. In a murine lung cancer model, tumour volume, cell proliferation, and tumour angiogenesis were significantly inhibited by DHS. Importantly, liver metastatic lesions were significantly reduced in DHS-treated mice. Similarly, DHS significantly inhibits lung cancer cell dissemination, invasion and metastasis in a zebrafish tumour model. These findings demonstrate that DHS could potentially be developed as a novel therapeutic agent for treatment of cancer and metastasis.
|
|
| 28. |
- Scharff, Anna Zychlinsky, et al.
(författare)
-
Sex differences in IL-17 contribute to chronicity in male versus female urinary tract infection
- 2019
-
Ingår i: JCI Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 4:13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex-based differences influence incidence and outcome of infectious disease. Women have a significantly greater incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) than men, yet, conversely, male UTI is more persistent, with greater associated morbidity. Mechanisms underlying these sex-based differences are unknown, in part due to a lack of experimental models. We optimized a model to transurethrally infect male mice and directly compared UTI in both sexes. Although both sexes were initially equally colonized by uropathogenic E. coli, only male and testosterone-treated female mice remained chronically infected for up to 4 weeks. Female mice had more robust innate responses, including higher IL-17 expression, and increased γδ T cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the bladder following infection. Accordingly, neutralizing IL-17 abolished resolution in female mice, identifying a cytokine pathway necessary for bacterial clearance. Our findings support the concept that sex-based responses to UTI contribute to impaired innate immunity in males and provide a rationale for non–antibiotic-based immune targeting to improve the response to UTI.
|
|
| 29. |
- Vallo Hult, Helena, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Reconfiguring professionalism in digital work
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Systems, Signs & Actions. - 1652-8719. ; 12, s. 1-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information Systems (IS) research and practice face ever more complex challenges as Information Technology (IT) for work expands beyond organizations and merges into everyday life. The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has amplified the need to understand digital work and its implications for professionalism. This study addresses that gap in the literature. The focus is on blended IT, referring to the fact that professionals today use personal and organizational IT interchangeably for work, while they also face a new situation of increased citizen involvement in their institutions through IT. This paper draws from three empirical public sector cases with the aim to contribute a deeper understanding of what digital work entails and how public sector professionalism is reconfigured by blended IT.The research question is: how is public sector professionalism reconfigured in digital work? Our findings illustrate this reconfiguration in three main ways: a) the personal and professional uses of IT merge,influencing professional autonomy; b) the incursion of patient and citizen IT into the scope of work challenges established views on knowledge and expertise; and c) altogether, balancing the streams of blended IT impinges on the core value of the common good that is characteristic of public sector professionalism. These three processes of reconfiguration outline professionalism in digital work.
|
|
| 30. |
- Vallo Hult, Helena, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Fly in the Soup : A Critical Realism Perspective on the Role of the Engaged Researcher
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Socio-Technical Perspective in IS Development 2021. ; , s. 178-188
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information Systems (IS) research and practice are constantly facing increasingly complex challenges through the design and development of new technology. The new technology is being researched through continuous engagement. This accentuates the importance of sociotechnical, engaged research through a critical view. However, the role of the researcher, and the engagement in research projects, is less researched. Taking a 'critical' view means to study the underlying mechanisms behind the observable, to understand change, and in this paper, we apply such a view to studying the changes in the researchers' role. This paper is based on the experience from four qualitative research projects, where we have studied four different public organizations and the technology-induced change of the professionals in these organizations.The four cases are conducted in Sweden and based on engaged research methods; an approach that draws on the perspectives of key stakeholders in a real-world problem situation to develop knowledge that might help address it. The underlying knowledge interest in this paper is understanding the driving forces behind engaged research, such as action research, how such research really is conducted and what the action entails and to shed light on some of the difficulties of engaged research while also discussing the complexity of the role. The research question is: what does the role of researchers in engaged research include over time? The main contribution is outlined in an in-depth understanding of the role of an engaged researcher whichis illustrated through four main 'trade offs' within the role.
|
|
| 31. |
- Vallo Hult, Helena, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Tuning professionalism in the public sector
- 2018
-
Ingår i: AIS SIGPRAG Pre-ICIS Workshop 2018. ; , s. -3
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The digitalization in the public sector poses challenges for the professionals that have previously not been using digital tools as a part of their everyday practice. Building on three qualitative research projects this study shed light on contradictions and tussles, as well as possibilities re-lated to professionalism in the public sector. The three cases involve different professionals: cancer rehabilitation nurses, municipality communicators, and resident physicians. The paper aims to gain a better understanding of the impact of digitalization efforts on everyday work practices, and the emerging opportunities and challenges of using digital artifacts as a part of professional work. Our findings show how the transition toward digital work practices is pushing the professional boundaries of rooted professionalism in the public sector. The meaning of work and what it means to be a professional profoundly changes. The process of tuning professionalism in the public sector is not straight forward.
|
|
| 32. |
- Willermark, Sara, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
Getting the Job Done : Workarounds in Complex Digital Infrastructures
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Exploring Digital Resilience. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031109027 ; , s. 118-132
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work today consists of complex arrangements of loosely interrelated digital tools that shape work and form digital infrastructures. These digital infrastructures can either support or hinder the workers in their daily tasks. Working in an environment where some digital tools are designed for work purposes, and others without the proposed end-users in mind creates a need for improvisation. The consequence for workers may include finding various types of workarounds when shifting between digital tools. These workarounds become important for how work is performed. Through a multiple case study, this paper explores how workarounds are manifested in different work settings through four cases in the public sector. We conceptualize workarounds as practices of flexibility, efficiency, and responsibility, and show how workarounds result in new and innovative ways of working, which can be understood as a form of infrastructuring.
|
|
