| 1. |
- Mejtoft, Thomas, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Open innovation processes in the newspaper industry
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 ANZMAC conference - Innovation and growth strategies in marketing. - : ANZMAC. ; , s. 84-91
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The digitalization of society is constantly increasing. Even though this is something that is affecting most industries, the newspaper industry has suffered a great deal during the last 20 years. It is, therefore, essential that both current business and revenue model change. This case study illustrates and analyses how opening up the innovation at a newspaper increased customer value and facilitated a change of business model. The study is based on action research in cooperation with Västerbottens-Kuriren, a top-10 news website in Sweden. The result show that the open innovation and design process used, provided new insights into the industry as well as produced an appreciated website that facilitated the transition into a changed revenue model using a paywall for digital content.
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| 2. |
- Björklund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Energiplanering med strategisk miljöbedömning i Finspång
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en del av slutrapporteringen från två av projekten i programmet ”Miljöstrategiska verktyg”. Projekten är Utveckling av verktyg för strategisk miljöbedömning och medborgarmedverkan (MiSt-projekt 1) samt Scenariometoder i strategisk miljöbedömning (MiSt-projekt 7). I samarbete med Finspångs kommun har ett gemensamt projekt utvecklats för att ta fram en ny energiplan i kommunen. Programmet "Miljöstrategiska verktyg", MiSt, är ett tvärvetenskapligt forskningsprogram finansierat av Naturvårdsverket. Programmet leds från Blekinge Tekniska Högskola. I programmet studeras verktyg som kan underlätta miljöbedömning i strategiskt beslutsfattande på olika nivåer, från nationell till lokal. Förståelsen och basen för utveckling av verktyg och rekommendationer om verktyg i olika planerings- och beslutsprocesser baseras på empirisk forskning på fall inom flera sektorer. Målen för MiSt-programmet: • Kritisk undersökning av verktygens funktion • Teoribaserad förståelse av deras verkan • Utveckling av råd om effektiv användning av verktyg och kombinationer avverktyg
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| 3. |
- Brorsson, Anna Lena, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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A multicentre randomized controlled trial of an empowerment-inspired intervention for adolescents starting continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion : a study protocol
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2431. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment among children with type 1 diabetes is increasing in Sweden. However, studies evaluating glycaemic control in children using CSII show inconsistent results. Omitting bolus insulin doses using CSII may cause reduced glycaemic control among adolescents. The distribution of responsibility for diabetes self-management between children and parents is often unclear and needs clarification. There is much published support for continued parental involvement and shared diabetes management during adolescence. Guided Self-Determination (GSD) is an empowerment-based, person-centred, reflection and problem solving method intended to guide the patient to become self-sufficient and develop life skills for managing difficulties in diabetes self-management. This method has been adapted for adolescents and parents as Guided Self-Determination-Young (GSD-Y). This study aims to evaluate the effect of an intervention with GSD-Y in groups of adolescents starting on insulin pumps and their parents on diabetes-related family conflicts, perceived health and quality of life (QoL), and metabolic control. Here, we describe the protocol and plans for study enrolment.Methods. This study is designed as a randomized, controlled, prospective, multicentre study. Eighty patients between 12-18 years of age who are planning to start CSII will be included. All adolescents and their parents will receive standard insulin pump training. The education intervention will be conducted when CSII is to be started and at four appointments in the first 4 months after starting CSII. The primary outcome is haemoglobin A1c levels. Secondary outcomes are perceived health and QoL, frequency of blood glucose self-monitoring and bolus doses, and usage of carbohydrate counting. The following instruments will be used to evaluate perceived health and QoL: Disabkids, 'Check your health', the Diabetes Family Conflict Scale and the Swedish Diabetes Empowerment Scale. Outcomes will be evaluated within and between groups by comparing data at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months after starting treatment.Results and discussion. In this study, we will assess the effect of starting an insulin pump together with the model of Guided Self-Determination to determine whether this approach leads to retention of improved glycaemic control, QoL, responsibility distribution and reduced diabetes-related conflicts in the family.Trial registration: Current controlled trials: ISRCTN22444034
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| 4. |
- Brorsson, Anna Lena, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents’ perceptions of participation in group education using the Guided Self-Determination-Young method : a qualitative study
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Guided Self-Determination (GSD) is a person-centered communication and reflection method. Education in groups may have a greater impact than the content of the education, and constructive communication between parents and adolescents has been shown to be of importance. The purpose of this study was to describe adolescents’ perceptions of participation in group education with the Guided Self-Determination-Young (GSD-Y) method, together with parents, in connection with the introduction of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.Research design and methods In the present qualitative interview study, 13 adolescents with type 1 diabetes were included after completing a GSD-Y group education program in connection with the introduction of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion at three hospitals located in central Sweden. The adolescents were interviewed individually, and qualitative content analysis was applied to the interview transcripts.Results Two categories that emerged from the analysis were the importance of context and growing in power through the group process. An overarching theme that emerged from the interviews was the importance of expert and referent power in growing awareness of the importance of self-management as well as mitigating the loneliness of diabetes.Conclusions GSD-Y has, in various ways, mitigated experiences of loneliness and contributed to conscious reflection about self-management in the group (referent power) together with the group leader (expert power). Overall, this highlights the benefits of group education, and the GSD method emphasizes the person-centered approach.
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| 5. |
- Brorsson, Anna Lena, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Does treatment with an insulin pump improve glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes? : A retrospective case-control study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 16:7, s. 546-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate long-term effects on glycaemic control, ketoacidosis, serious hypoglycaemic events, insulin requirements, and body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes starting on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) compared with children and adolescents treated with multiple daily injections (MDI).METHODS: This retrospective case-control study compares 216 patients starting CSII with a control group on MDI (n = 215), matched for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), sex, and age during a 2-yr period. Variables collected were gender, age, HbA1c, insulin requirement, BMI, BMI-SDS, ketoacidosis, and serious hypoglycaemic events.RESULTS: In the CSII group there was an improvement in HbA1c after 6 and 12 months compared with the MDI group. For boys and girls separately the same effect was detected after 6 months, but only for boys after 12 months. The incidence of ketoacidosis was higher in the CSII group compared with the MDI group (2.8 vs. 0.5/100 person-yr). The incidences of severe hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 person-yr were three in the CSII group and six in the MDI group (p < 0.05). After 6, 12, and 24 months, the insulin requirement was higher in the MDI group.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that treatment with CSII resulted in an improvement in HbA1c levels up to 1 yr and decreased the number of severe hypoglycaemic events, but the frequency of ketoacidosis increased. The major challenge is to identify methods to maintain the HbA1c improvement, especially among older children and teenagers, and reduce the frequency of ketoacidosis.
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| 6. |
- Brorsson, Anna Lena, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Parent's perception of their children's health, quality of life and burden of diabetes : testing reliability and validity of 'Check your Health' by proxy.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 31:3, s. 497-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To test the validity and reliability of the 'Check your Health by proxy' instrument in parents to children with diabetes aged 8-17 years.METHODS: One hundred and ninety-one caregivers and their children, aged 8-17 years, were included. All completed the 'Check your Health' questionnaire measuring quality of life and burden of diabetes, DISABKIDS self- or proxy version, and 45 completed the same questionnaires 2 weeks later.RESULTS: Test-retest reliability on the 'Check your Health' questionnaire by proxy was moderate to strong (r = 0.48-0.74), p < 0.002). Convergent validity was weak to moderate (r = 0.15-0.49, p < 0.05). The instrument showed acceptable discriminant validity. Parents reported lower scores than the children on emotional health and social relations and higher scores on physical and emotional burden and higher burden on quality of life. Poorer social relationships and quality of life were associated with higher reported disease severity. The diabetes burden domain of the questionnaire correlated to perceived severity of diabetes and to perceived health. Discriminant validity showed that poorer social relationships and quality of life were associated with higher severity of the disease. The diabetes burden domain of 'Check your Health' by proxy showed discriminant validity on perceived severity of diabetes.CONCLUSIONS: The instrument 'Check your Health' by proxy showed acceptable psychometric characteristics in parents to young people (8-17 years of age) with diabetes. We also concluded that parents reported that their children had lower health and higher burden of diabetes than the children did, and it correlated to reported disease severity.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Ameliorating Child poverty through Connecting Economic Services with child health Services (ACCESS) : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the healthier wealthier families model in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSweden is often held up as an example of a country with low child deprivation; yet, rates of relative deprivation are rising. Every municipality in Sweden is required to provide free, timely and accessible budget and debt counselling under the Social Services Act. The services have been encouraged to perform preventative practice with families; however, this has not been realised. The Healthier Wealthier Families (HWF) model embeds universal screening for economic hardship into child health services and creates a referral pathway to economic support services. Given the universal child health system in Sweden, which is freely available and has excellent coverage of the child population, implementation of the HWF model has potential to support families to access the freely available municipal budget and debt counselling and ultimately improve rates of child deprivation in Sweden.Methods/designWe will conduct a two-arm randomised waitlist-control superiority trial to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the HWF model in the Sweden. A longitudinal follow-up with the cohort will explore whether any effects are maintained in the longer-term.DiscussionHWF is a collaborative and sustainable model that could maximise the effectiveness of current services to address child deprivation in Sweden. The study outlined in this protocol is the first effectiveness evaluation of the HWF model in Sweden and is a crucial step before HWF can be recommended for national implementation within the child health services.
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| 8. |
- Mejtoft, Thomas, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction design processes to facilitate changing business models in the newspaper industry : A case study of vk.se
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450331463 ; , s. 2253-2258
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study illustrates and analyzes the process of redesigning one of the largest news media site in Sweden during a cooperation between the Interaction Design Study Program at Umeå University and VK Media using a customer centric open approach. The results show that the design process used, both provided new insights for the industry and produced an appreciated website that facilitated the transition into a new revenue model using a paywall for digital content.
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| 9. |
- Bake, Björn, 1939, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of pollen season on central and peripheral nitric oxide production in subjects with pollen asthma
- 2014
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111. ; 108:9, s. 1277-1283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pollen exposure of allergic subjects with asthma causes increased nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air (FENO) suggestive of increased airway inflammation. It is, however, unclear to what extent NO production in peripheral airways and alveoli are involved. Objectives: The aim of the present investigation was to analyze the relationship between central and peripheral components of FENO to clarify the distribution of pollen induced inflammation in asthma. Subjects and methods: 13 pollen allergic non-smoking subjects with mild-intermittent asthma and 12 healthy non-smoking control subjects were examined with spirometry and FENO at flows between 50 and 270 mL/s during and out of pollen season. Results: Spirometry was normal and unaffected by season in subjects with asthma as well as controls. Out of season subjects with asthma had significantly higher FENO, elevated airway production (JawNO) and preacinar/acinar production (CANO) than controls. Pollen exposure resulted in significantly increased FENO and JawNO but not CANO. FENO among controls were not affected by season. Individual results showed, however, that CANO increased substantially in a few subjects with asthma. The increased CANO in subjects with asthma may be explained by increased NO production in preacinar/acinar airways and back diffusion towards the alveoli. Conclusions: The findings may indicate that subjects with allergic asthma have airway inflammation without alveolar involvement outside the pollen season and pollen exposure causes a further increase of airway inflammation and in a few subjects obstruction of intra acinar airways causing impeded back diffusion. Increased NO production in central airways, unassociated with airway obstruction could be an alternative explanation. These effects were not disclosed by spirometry.
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| 10. |
- Beland Lindahl, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Competing pathways to sustainability? : Exploring conflicts over mine establishments in the Swedish mountain region
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 218, s. 402-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural resource (NR) exploitation often gives rise to conflict. While most actors intend to manage collectively used places and their NRs sustainably, they may disagree about what this entails. This article accordingly explores the origin of NR conflicts by analysing them in terms of competing pathways to sustainability. By comparing conflicts over mine establishments in three places in northern Sweden, we specifically explore the role of place-based perceptions and experiences.The results indicate that the investigated conflicts go far beyond the question of metals and mines. The differences between pathways supporting mine establishment and those opposing it refer to fundamental ideas about human nature relationships and sustainable development (SD). The study suggests that place-related parameters affect local interpretations of SD and mobilisation in ways that explain why resistance and conflict exist in some places but not others. A broader understanding of a particular conflict and its specific place-based trajectory may help uncover complex underlying reasons. However, our comparative analysis also demonstrates that mining conflicts in different places share certain characteristics. Consequently, a site-specific focus ought to be combined with attempts to compare, or map, conflicts at a larger scale to improve our understanding of when and how conflicts evolve. By addressing the underlying causes and origins of contestation, this study generates knowledge needed to address NR management conflicts effectively and legitimately.
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| 11. |
- Bergmark, Ulrika, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Att leda med omsorg: fyra handledningsmetaforer i aktionsforskning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige. - Växjö : Linnaeus University Press. - 1401-6788 .- 2001-3345. ; 27:2, s. 28-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intresset för praktiknära skolforskning är idag stort. Aktionsforskning är en populär form för samarbete mellan forskare och lärare där handledning är centralt. Syftet med denna studie är att problematisera handledning och handledarroller i aktionsforskningsprojekt. Som teoretisk grund ligger den amerikanska utbildningsfilosofen Nel Noddings omsorgsetik. Deltagarna i studien är en forskare och tre lärare som alla har erfarenheter av att leda aktionsforskningsprojekt genomförda inom kommunal skolverksamhet. Datainsamling har skett genom skriftliga reflektioner och kollegiala samtal om handledning och handledarroller. Analysen har utgått ifrån tematisk analys och domäninteraktionsmodell. I analysen framträder fyra handledningsmetaforer i aktionsforskning: trädgårdsmästaren, herden, läraren och brobyggaren. Alla rollerna kan praktiseras samtidigt och fingertoppskänsla avgör när en handledare går in i och ut ur olika roller. Slutsatsen är att omsorgsetik kan bidra till ökad förståelse för handledning som något situerat och relationellt, där ett symmetriskt förhållningssätt mellan handledare och handledd betonas. I handledning är det viktigt att inte behandla alla likadant, utan att i stället lära känna varandra som individer, ha tilltro till varandra och visa omsorg baserad på specifika behov. Handledarens roll omfattar att skapa förståelse för andras perspektiv samt att inbjuda till kommunikation och reflektion. Utifrån studiens resultat kan konstateras att de fyra metaforerna för handledarroller är användbara för att belysa komplexiteten i handledarroller och för att bidra till underlag för reflektion och omformulerande av stereotypa handledarroller.
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| 12. |
- Bergmark, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Ett forsknings- och utvecklingsteams arbete i uppstarten : en balansgång mellan behov, krav och förväntningar
- 2023
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Ingår i: Forskning och utveckling i förskola och skola. - Piteå : Piteå kommun. - 2004-3635. ; 2:1, s. 32-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I Piteå kommun bildades i januari 2022 ett forsknings- och utvecklingsteam (FoU-teamet) bestående av kommunens vetenskapliga ledare och fyra förvaltningsövergripande förstelärare. Teamet tillsattes för att arbeta med forskning och utveckling (FoU) i kommunens grundskolor och gymnasier och utgjorde ett led i Utbildningsförvaltningens strävan att förverkliga Skollagens krav om en utbildning på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet (SFS 2010:800). Denna artikel bygger på en studie av FoU-teamets uppstartsfas: de utmaningar som teamet mötte under den första terminen och de lärdomar som gjordes. För att förstå de olika kontexter som var centrala för teamets arbete användes ett policy enactment-perspektiv (Braun et al., 2011). Data samlades in genom att teammedlemmarna och en inbjuden medforskare reflekterade skriftligt samt genomförde fokusgruppsamtal. De utmaningar som framträder i materialet rör tre teman: Öppenhet och styrning i uppdraget, Strategiskt och operativt arbete samt Bredd och djup i aktiviteterna. Lärdomar som drogs var att det behövs tydliga men samtidigt flexibla strukturer, både långsiktigt och kortsiktigt perspektiv samt att förankrings- arbete är viktigt. En central slutsats är att teamet, för att hantera utmaningarna, har gått balansgång och navigerat mellan interna och externa behov, krav och förväntningar på teamets arbete.
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| 13. |
- Bergmark, Ulrika, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Ett forsknings- och utvecklingsteams arbete i uppstarten – en balansgång mellan behov, krav och förväntningar
- 2023
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Ingår i: Forskning & utveckling i förskola och skola (Fufos). - Piteå : Utbildningsförvaltningen Piteå kommun. - 2004-3635. ; 2:1, s. 32-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I Piteå kommun bildades i januari 2022 ett forsknings- och utvecklingsteam (FoU-teamet) bestående av kommunens vetenskapliga ledare och fyra förvaltningsövergripande förstelärare. Teamet tillsattes för att arbeta med forskning och utveckling (FoU) i kommunens grundskolor och gymnasier och utgjorde ett led i Utbildningsförvaltningens strävan att förverkliga Skollagens krav om en utbildning på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet (SFS 2010:800). Denna artikel bygger på en studie av FoU-teamets uppstartsfas: de utmaningar som teamet mötte under den första terminen och de lärdomar som gjordes. För att förstå de olika kontexter som var centrala för teamets arbete användes ett policy enactment-perspektiv (Braun et al., 2011). Data samlades in genom att teammedlemmarna och en inbjuden medforskare reflekterade skriftligt samt genomförde fokusgruppsamtal. De utmaningar som framträder i materialet rör tre teman: Öppenhet och styrning i uppdraget, Strategiskt och operativt arbete samt Bredd och djup i aktiviteterna. Lärdomar som drogs var att det behövs tydliga men samtidigt flexibla strukturer, både långsiktigt och kortsiktigt perspektiv samt att förankringsarbete är viktigt. En central slutsats är att teamet, för att hantera utmaningarna, har gått balansgång och navigerat mellan interna och externa behov, krav och förväntningar på teamets arbete.
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| 14. |
- Bergmark, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Leading with care: four mentor metaphors in collaboration between teachers and researchers in action research (Translated from the Swedish and revised by the authors)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Educational action research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0965-0792 .- 1747-5074. ; 32:3, s. 475-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mentoring is a central aspect of action research processes and raises ethical issues concerning roles and responsibilities, particularly when teachers and researchers collaborate. The purpose of the study is to explore mentoring and the roles of mentors in action research from an ethical stance. The theoretical basis is the philosophy of care ethics developed by the American educational philosopher, Nel Noddings. Participants in the study included one researcher and three teachers with experience serving as mentors in action research. Data collection included written reflections and collegial conversations on mentoring. Thematic analysis and the domain interactional model were used in the analysis, where four mentor metaphors in action research emerged: the gardener, the shepherd, the teacher and the bridge-builder. All roles can be practiced at the same time; sensitivity determines when a mentor moves in and out of different roles. The study finds that care ethics can contribute to an increased understanding of mentoring as something situated and relational, where a symmetrical approach between mentor and mentee is emphasized. The goal of mentoring should not be to treat everyone equally, but instead to build relationships on the individual level in order to establish mutual trust based on individual needs. The study shows that the four mentor metaphors can serve as a useful tool for critical reflection on the complexity of the mentor role and accordingly, the renegotiation of stereotypical mentor roles in relation to the quality of teaching.
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| 15. |
- Binzer-Panchal, Amrei, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated Molecular Analysis of Undifferentiated Uterine Sarcomas Reveals Clinically Relevant Molecular Subtypes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - : AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 25:7, s. 2155-2165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Undifferentiated uterine sarcomas (UUS) are rare, extremely deadly, sarcomas with no effective treatment. The goal of this study was to identify novel intrinsic molecular UUS subtypes using integrated clinical, histopathologic, and molecular evaluation of a large, fully annotated, patient cohort.Experimental Design: Fifty cases of UUS with full clinicopathologic annotation were analyzed for gene expression (n = 50), copy-number variation (CNV, n = 40), cell morphometry (n = 39), and protein expression (n = 22). Gene ontology and network enrichment analysis were used to relate over-and underexpressed genes to pathways and further to clinicopathologic and phenotypic findings.Results: Gene expression identified four distinct groups of tumors, which varied in their clinicopathologic parameters. Gene ontology analysis revealed differential activation of pathways related to genital tract development, extracellular matrix (ECM), muscle function, and proliferation. A multivariable, adjusted Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that RNA group, mitotic index, and hormone receptor expression influence patient overall survival (OS). CNV arrays revealed characteristic chromosomal changes for each group. Morphometry demonstrated that the ECM group, the most aggressive, exhibited a decreased cell density and increased nuclear area. A cell density cutoff of 4,300 tumor cells per mm(2) could separate ECM tumors from the remaining cases with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 94%. IHC staining of MMP-14, Collagens 1 and 6, and Fibronectin proteins revealed differential expression of these ECM-related proteins, identifying potential new biomarkers for this aggressive sarcoma subgroup. Conclusions: Molecular evaluation of UUS provides novel insights into the biology, prognosis, phenotype, and possible treatment of these tumors.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Brodin, Yngve, et al.
(författare)
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Tvåvingar Diptera
- 2015
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Ingår i: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2015. - 9789187853104 ; , s. 113-118
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Carlsson, Ing-Marie, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Creating a communication space in the healthcare context : Children’s perspective of using the eHealth service, Sisom
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Health Care. - London : Sage Publications. - 1367-4935 .- 1741-2889. ; 25:1, s. 31-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the United Nation’s Convention of the Rights of the Child, children have the right to participate in their own healthcare and make their opinions heard. The aim of this study was thus to explore the impact of using an eHealth service, Sisom, to gain the children’s perspectives during their healthcare appointments. Data were gathered through individual interviews with a purposeful sample of 16 children, aged 6–13 years old, treated for different diseases and using the eHealth service, Sisom, during their healthcare appointments. The interviews were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory. The results showed that using Sisom made children’s voice heard by creating a communication space in the healthcare setting. This meant that the children got involved in the communication, were acknowledged as an important person who could give the answers to questions and were given time. Implementing the use of Sisom is a way to make children’s needs and preferences explicitly visible for decision-making in practice and thereby supporting the further development of child-centred care in practice. © The Author(s) 2020.
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| 19. |
- Ericson, Petrea, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Low Levels of Exhaled Surfactant Protein A Associated With BOS After Lung Transplantation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transplantation Direct. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2373-8731. ; 2:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. There is no clinically available marker for early detection or monitoring of chronic rejection in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the main long-term complication after lung transplantation. Sampling and analysis of particles in exhaled air is a valid, noninvasive method for monitoring surfactant protein A (SP-A) and albumin in the distal airways. Methods. We asked whether differences in composition of exhaled particles can be detected when comparing stable lung transplant recipients (LTRs) (n = 26) with LTRs who develop BOS (n = 7). A comparison between LTRs and a matching group of healthy controls (n = 33) was also conducted. Using a system developed in-house, particles were collected from exhaled air by the principal of inertial impaction before chemical analysis by immunoassays. Results. Surfactant protein A in exhaled particles and the SP-A/albumin ratio were lower (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0001 respectively) in the BOS group compared to the BOS-free group. LTRs exhaled higher amount of particles (P < 0.0001) and had lower albumin content (P < 0.0001) than healthy controls. Conclusions. We conclude that low levels of SP-A in exhaled particles are associated with increased risk of BOS in LTRs. The possibility that this noninvasive method can be used to predict BOS onset deserves further study with prospective and longitudinal approaches.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Fråne, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Framtida avfallsmängder och avfallsbehandlingskapacitet
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SMED har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket uppskattat hur stor mängd avfall som förväntas uppkomma fram till 2030 baserat på prognos från Konjunkturinstitutet för 2035. SMED har även satt de förväntade avfallsmängderna i relation till befintlig och planerad avfallsbehandlingskapacitet i Sverige för samma period, och bedömt huruvida behandlingskapaciteten är tillräcklig för att ta hand om de avfallsmängder som förväntas uppkomma. Hur avfall kommer att behandlas i framtiden beror dels på vilka styrmedel som sätts in både nationellt och på EU-nivå, dels på hur marknaderna för avfall och för sekundära råvaror utvecklas.Storleksordningen på den sammanlagda deponikapaciteten i Sverige är svårbedömd. SMED uppskattar dock att återstående kapacitetet väl överstiger de avfallsmängder som deponeras idag och att det finns en återstående kapacitet som räcker längre än till 2030.SMED bedömer att kapaciteten för att använda avfall som bränsle fram till 2030 är tillräcklig för att täcka det svenska behovet förutsatt att befintlig kapacitet behålls. Idag byggs kapaciteten ut. Rötningskapaciteten kommer sannolikt, precis som idag, vara beroende av ekonomiska styrmedel för att nå lönsamhet. Idag sker dock en utbyggnad av rötningskapacitet, vilket är ett tecken på att branschen tror på en långsiktig lönsamhet.Marknadsförhållanden gör att materialåtervinning av svenskt aluminiumskrot, järn- och stålskrot samt returpapper sker både i Sverige och utomlands samtidigt som råvarorna både importeras och exporteras till och från Sverige. Handeln innebär en flexibilitet och att materialåtervinningen inte är beroende av att behandlingskapaciteten finns i just Sverige. Om mer avfall uppkommer i Sverige skulle det potentiellt kunna ersätta importerade mängder. Sverige har för tillfället inte tillräcklig kapacitet för att producera sekundär plastråvara av insamlade plastförpackningarna, export till Tyskland förekommer redan idag. Materialåtervinningskapaciteten för glasförpackningar kommer sannolikt fortsätta finnas i Sverige.
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| 22. |
- Holappa, Tim, 1989-
(författare)
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Rätten till bostad i det sociala skyddsnätet : En rättsvetenskaplig studie om enskildas rättigheter och det allmännas ansvar
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The right to housing is a human right expressed in the Swedish constitution as well as in international human rights conventions. In Sweden, however, the right to housing is not expressed as an enforceable right that individuals can request to have realised by public authorities or courts. Instead, the objective of the Swedish housing policy and the regulation on the right to housing has been that everyone should be able to demand good housing on the general housing market.The purpose of this thesis is to examine and analyse the legal responsibility of the central and local government to realise the right to housing for individuals who cannot arrange housing themselves. The intention is that the thesis thereby will uncover legal contradictions, ambiguities or other shortcomings that may lead to a risk that the right to housing is not realised for everyone.Methodologically, the starting point is a view of law, inspired primarily by Kaarlo Tuori’s theory on critical legal positivism, as consisting of two dimensions. In addition to a normative legal order, law also consists of legal practices. The legal order, in turn, is regarded as a multi-layered normative order: in addition to the surface level with individual legal rules, the legal order also consists of deeper levels where legal elements such as general legal principles and human rights as general normative ideas are found.The responsibility to realise the right to housing is analysed in the light of international law as well as national law. According to international law, Sweden has a responsibility to recognize and realise the right to housing for everyone. According to national law, no public authority has a clear responsibility to realise the right to housing for individuals in need. Instead, the right to housing is to be realised through several different legal frameworks that are analysed in the thesis. Firstly the right to financial housing support within the framework of social insurance. Secondly municipalities’ responsibility for housing provision. Thirdly the local social services ultimate responsibility to support individuals in need. The overall conclusion of the thesis is that the legal framework regarding the responsibility of the central and local government to realise the right to housing for those who cannot arrange housing themselves does not constitute a coherent social safety net. The support that individuals who are unable to acquire housing themselves are entitled to has the nature of emergency assistance and shelter, rather than housing of a long-term nature. Furthermore, assistance in the form of housing is often time-limited and subject to far-reaching requirements that individuals, for example, must try to acquire a home on their own. The regulation thus means that individuals who need housing and cannot arrange housing themselves risk being without state support. This is problematic if the right to housing is to be realised for everyone. How these problems are to be solved is a matter for the legislator, but this thesis contributes with knowledge of legal problems that the legal regulation entails. These problems should be addressed and the right to housing taken seriously, by all the actors involved, if the right to housing is to be realised.
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| 23. |
- Jonsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of creatinine-based methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate in patients with heart failure
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ESC Heart Failure. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2055-5822. ; 7:3, s. 1150-1160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Glomerular filtration rate is an important factor in management of heart failure (HF). Our objective was to validate eight creatinine-based equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in an HF population against measured glomerular filtration rate.Methods and results: One hundred forty-six HF patients (mean age 68 +/- 13 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 45% +/- 15) within a single-centre hospital that underwent Cr-51-EDTA clearance between 2010 and 2018 were included in this retrospective study. eGFR was estimated by means of Cockcroft-Gault ideal and actual weight, the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD), simplified MDRD with isotope dilution mass spectroscopy traceable calibration, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, revised Lund-Malmo, full age spectrum, and the Berlin Initiative Study 1. Mean measured glomerular filtration rate was 42 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) had the highest precision for MDRD (r = 0.9), followed by revised Lund-Malmo (r = 0.88). All equations except MDRD (mean difference -4.8%) resulted in an overestimation of the renal function. The accuracy was below 75% for all equations except MDRD.Conclusions: None of the exclusively creatinine-based methods was accurate in predicting eGFR in HF patients. Our findings suggest that more accurate methods are needed for determining eGFR in patients with HF.
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| 24. |
- Jägerbrand, Annika K, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Rebound effects of energy efficiency measures in the transport sector in Sweden
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rebound effects represent the difference between anticipated or projected energy savings and the real energy saving in relation to, for example, implemented policy measures aimed at improving energy efficiency. Rebound effects in the transport sector may counteract policy measures so that goals related to energy or emissions are not achieved, or achievement is greatly delayed. This comprehensive report examines the presence of rebound effects within the transport sector and while the aim was to provide a full review of the issue, for some transport areas it was not possible to find any studies on rebound effects. Those areas are identified as having knowledge gaps. We summarize the literature for rebound effects for passenger vehicles, technological developments, freight transports, public lighting, aviation, waterborne transports and for indirect, economy-wide effects, and also discuss rebound effects in aspects of environmental awareness and in the transport and community planning. The existing literature suggests that rebound effects exist to varying degrees and that there is a high risk of energy efficiency measures transferring transport energy savings into other transport modes, sectors or energy services. Consequently, rebound effects should be included when calculating whether Sweden will reach its climate and energy goals.
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| 25. |
- Karlsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Four evolutionary trajectories underlie genetic intratumoral variation in childhood cancer
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:7, s. 944-950
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major challenge to personalized oncology is that driver mutations vary among cancer cells inhabiting the same tumor. Whether this reflects principally disparate patterns of Darwinian evolution in different tumor regions has remained unexplored1–5. We mapped the prevalence of genetically distinct clones over 250 regions in 54 childhood cancers. This showed that primary tumors can simultaneously follow up to four evolutionary trajectories over different anatomic areas. The most common pattern consists of subclones with very few mutations confined to a single tumor region. The second most common is a stable coexistence, over vast areas, of clones characterized by changes in chromosome numbers. This is contrasted by a third, less frequent, pattern where a clone with driver mutations or structural chromosome rearrangements emerges through a clonal sweep to dominate an anatomical region. The fourth and rarest pattern is the local emergence of a myriad of clones with TP53 inactivation. Death from disease was limited to tumors exhibiting the two last, most dynamic patterns.
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| 26. |
- Kjellberg, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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Utility of single versus multiple breath washout in adult asthma
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley. - 1475-0961. ; 38:6, s. 936-943
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen multiple breath washout (N-2 MBW) is a sensitive method to identify peripheral airway involvement in asthma, but is a time-consuming test. The N-2 vital capacity single breath (VC SBW) test offers greater time efficiency, but concordance with N-2 MBW is poorly understood. The prevalence of peripheral airway abnormality was determined by N-2 MBW and N-2 SBW tests in 194 asthmatic subjects aged 18-1years. N-2 MBW data were related to findings in 400 healthy controls, aged 17-71years, while N-2 SBW data were compared to findings in 224 healthy controls, aged 15-65years, to derive equipment-specific reference values. Amongst asthmatic subjects, relationships between N-2 SBW and N-2 MBW outcomes were studied. N-2 SBW relationship with clinical history, spirometry, blood eosinophils and fraction exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) data was also explored. The prevalence of peripheral airway involvement (i.e. abnormal ventilation distribution) determined by N-2 SBW-derived phase III slope (N-2 S-III) was 247%, compared to 44% determined by N-2 MBW-derived lung clearance index (LCI) (P<0001). Predictors of abnormal N-2 S-III were older age, smoking history and lower FEV1. N-2 SBW offers lower sensitivity than N-2 MBW to detect small airway dysfunction in adult asthma, but may be a marker of more severe disease.
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| 27. |
- Ljungkvist, Göran, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring a new method for the assessment of metal exposure by analysis of exhaled breath of welders
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 95:6, s. 1255-1265
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Air monitoring has been the accepted exposure assessment of toxic metals from, e.g., welding, but a method characterizing the actual dose delivered to the lungs would be preferable. Sampling of particles in exhaled breath can be used for the biomonitoring of both endogenous biomarkers and markers of exposure. We have explored a new method for the sampling of metals in exhaled breath from the small airways in a study on welders. Methods Our method for particle sampling, Particles in Exhaled Air (PExA (R)), is based on particle counting and inertial impaction. We applied it on 19 stainless steel welders before and after a workday. In parallel, air monitoring of chromium, manganese and nickel was performed as well as blood sampling after work. Results Despite substantial exposure to welding fumes, we were unable to show any significant change in the metal content of exhaled particles after, compared with before, exposure. However, the significance might be obscured by a substantial analytical background noise, due to metal background in the sampling media and possible contamination during sampling, as an increase in the median metal contents were indicated. Conclusions If efforts to reduce background and contamination are successful, the PExA (R) method could be an important tool in the investigations of metals in exhaled breath, as the method collects particles from the small airways in contrast to other methods. In this paper, we discuss the discrepancy between our findings and results from studies, using the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) methodology.
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| 28. |
- Ljungkvist, Göran, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Two techniques to sample non-volatiles in breath-exemplified by methadone.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of breath research. - : IOP Publishing. - 1752-7163. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The particles in exhaled breath provide a promising matrix for the monitoring of pathological processes in the airways, and also allow exposure to exogenous compounds to be to assessed. The collection is easy to perform and is non-invasive. The aim of the present study is to assess if an exogenous compound-methadone-is distributed in the lining fluid of small airways, and to compare two methods for collecting methadone in particles in exhaled breath. Exhaled particles were collected from 13 subjects receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Two different sampling methods were applied: one based on electret filtration, potentially collecting exhaled particles of all sizes, and one based on impaction, collecting particles in the size range of 0.5-7 μm, known to reflect the respiratory tract lining fluid from the small airways. The collected samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and the impact of different breathing patterns was also investigated. The potential contribution from the oral cavity was investigated by rinsing the mouth with a codeine solution, followed by codeine analysis of the collected exhaled particles by both sampling methods. The results showed that methadone was present in all samples using both methods, but when using the method based on impaction, the concentration of methadone in exhaled breath was less than 1% of the concentration collected by the method based on filtration. Optimizing the breathing pattern to retrieve particles from small airways did not increase the amount of exhaled methadone collected by the filtration method. The contamination from codeine present in the oral cavity was only detected in samples collected by the impaction method. We conclude that methadone is distributed in the respiratory tract lining fluid of small airways. The samples collected by the filtration method most likely contained a contribution from the upper airways/oral fluid in contrast to the impaction method.
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| 29. |
- Ljungqvist, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Lipid composition of particles in exhaled air (PEx) from workers exposed to welding fumes
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. Vol. 48, Suppl 60. PA385. - 0904-1850.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than two million workers are exposed to pneumotoxic welding aerosols and there is a need for biomarkers of effects on the respiratory system. The lipid composition of the respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF) is such a potential marker. The most abundant pulmonary surfactant phospholipid is dipalmitoylphosphocholine (DPPC). It is specific for the airways, while palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) is a common lipid in tissues and body fluids. We hypothesize that the amounts of or ratio between DPPC and DOPC are changed due to short term and/or long term exposure to welding fumes. We have developed a method for the collection of PEx, based on counting of the exhaled particles and subsequent collection by impaction on a teflon membrane. We have also developed a method for analysis of lipids in PEx based on LC/MS. We measured the exposure to iron, manganese, chromium and nickel of 18 stainless steel welders and also analyzed DPPC and DOPC in PEx samples taken at the end of the exposure measurement day. The welders working history was also recoded and summarized as welding years. Spirometry and nitrogen multiple breath wash out were also measured but the results are not yet evaluated. There were no significant correlations between the short term exposure to either iron, manganese, chromium or nickel and the fraction of DPPC in PEx or the ratio DPPC/DOPC. However, there was a tendency of correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient= 0.407 with p-value 0.09) between welding years and the DPPC/DOPC ratio. In this pilot study we could not establish short term effects of welding exposure on the RTFL lipid composition but a tendency of change due the long time exposure.
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| 30. |
- Näsman, Mattias, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
A promised land? : First summary of the research program
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document lays out the background for the research program “A promised land? Drivers, challenges and opportunities related to the (green) industrialization of Northern Sweden,” (nr. M22-0029) awarded by the Swedish Riksbankens Jubileumsfond’s in 2022. The document summarizes work in progress and may therefore be updated and republished in different versions according to the requirements of the program. This interdisciplinary program aims to understand the economic, social, and political challenges and opportunities of the ongoing industrial transformation in northern Sweden. A key element of the program is to identify drivers, obstacles, and preconditions in a historical, present, and forward-looking process-perspective.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Soares, M., et al.
(författare)
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Particles in exhaled air (PExA): non-invasive phenotyping of small airways disease in adult asthma
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Breath Research. - : IOP Publishing. - 1752-7155 .- 1752-7163. ; 12:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Asthma is often characterised by inflammation, damage and dysfunction of the small airways, but no standardised biomarkers are available. Objectives: Using a novel approach-particles in exhaled air (PExA)-we sought to (a) sample and analyse abundant protein biomarkers: surfactant protein A (SPA) and albumin in adult asthmatic and healthy patients and (b) relate protein concentrations with physiological markers using phenotyping. Methods: 83 adult asthmatics and 21 healthy volunteers were recruited from a discovery cohort in Leicester, UK, and 32 adult asthmatics as replication cohort from Sweden. Markers of airways closure/small airways dysfunction were evaluated using forced vital capacity, impulse oscillometry and multiple breath washout. SPA/albumin from PEx (PExA sample) were analysed using ELISA and corrected for acquired particle mass. Topological data analysis (TDA) was applied to small airway physiology and PExA protein data to identify phenotypes. Results: PExA manoeuvres were feasible, including severe asthmatic subjects. TDA identified a clinically important phenotype of asthmatic patients with multiple physiological markers of peripheral airway dysfunction, and significantly lower levels of both SPA and albumin. Conclusion: We report that the PExA method is feasible across the spectrum of asthma severity and could be used to identify small airway disease phenotypes.
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| 33. |
- Stenlund Nilsson Ivner, Jenny, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
New Tools in Local Energy Planning: Experimenting with Scenarios, Public Participation and Environmental Assessment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Local Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-9839 .- 1469-6711. ; 15:2, s. 105-120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a model for local energy planning and its application in a full-scale experiment in a Swedish municipality. The model is based on legal requirement,research findings and standards of good practice and includes a combination ofanalytical and procedural tools intended to support rational decision-making: external scenarios, a citizens’ panel, life cycle analysis and qualitative environmental assessment (EA). The application of the model indicates that the decision-support tools selected can give several new and valuable inputs to local energy planning, suchas local knowledge and values through citizen dialogue and comprehensive EAs.However, the experiment also shows that there are several challenges involved in applying the tools, for example, it is difficult to get citizens and the industry to participate and that it is complicated to combine several different tools for decision making into a single planning process. Moreover, the experiences from the application suggest that the model for local energy planning show great potential but needs to be improved before it can be used as a standard of good practice.
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| 34. |
- Tinglev, A. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of exhaled breath particles collected by an electret filter technique
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Breath Research. - : IOP Publishing. - 1752-7155 .- 1752-7163. ; 10:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerosol particles that are present in exhaled breath carry nonvolatile components and have gained interest as a specimen for potential biomarkers. Nonvolatile compounds detected in exhaled breath include both endogenous and exogenous compounds. The aim of this study was to study particles collected with a new, simple and convenient filter technique. Samples of breath were collected from healthy volunteers from approximately 30 l of exhaled air. Particles were counted with an optical particle counter and two phosphatidylcholines were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, phosphatidylcholines and methadone was analysed in breath from patients in treatment with methadone and oral fluid was collected with the Quantisal device. The results demonstrated that the majority of particles are <1 mu m in size and that the fraction of larger particle contributes most to the total mass. The phosphatidylcholine PC(16 : 0/16 : 0) dominated over PC(16 : 0/18 : 1) and represented a major constituent of the particles. The concentration of the PC(16 : 0/16 : 0) homolog was significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with total mass. From the low concentration of the two phosphatidylcholines and their relative abundance in oral fluid a major contribution from the oral cavity could be ruled out. The concentration of PC(16 : 0/16 : 0) in breath was positively correlated with age (p < 0.01). An attempt to use PC(16 : 0/16 : 0) as a sample size indicator for methadone was not successful, as the large intra-individual variability between samplings even increased after normalization. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that exhaled breath sampled with the filter device represents a specimen corresponding to surfactant. The possible use of PC(16 : 0/16 : 0) as a sample size indicator was supported and deserves further investigations. We propose that the direct and selective collection of the breath aerosol particles is a promising strategy for measurement of nonvolatiles in breath.
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| 35. |
- Viklund, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Chromatographic Interactions between Proteins and Sulfoalkylbetaine-Based Zwitterionic Copolymers in Fully Aqueous Low-Salt Buffers
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 73:3, s. 444-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macroporous monoliths containing N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine (SPE) have been synthesized via in situ photopolymerization, yielding a stoichiometric balance between sulfur and nitrogen in the final polymer, which is indicative of a genuine strong/strong zwitterionic character. The chromatographic properties of these zwitterionic resins were evaluated with respect to the retention behavior of inorganic ions and proteins. The weak electrostatic nature of the interaction between the sulfobetaine monoliths and proteins provided a high selectivity between basic proteins and peptides. Elution was accomplished with low-ionic-strength fully aqueous mobile phases, whereby high recovery was obtained, even for hydrophobic proteins. Chaotropic ions such as perchlorate or thiocyanate were used as mobile phase modifiers to modulate the apparent ion exchange group density, thus introducing a route for the modulation of the ionic strength that is required to competitively elute the protein. The promising features of polymeric sulfoalkylbetaine interaction layers for separation and analysis of biological extracts was also manifested in an application involving purification of biologically active peptide-pheromone obtained from Enterococcus faecium.
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| 36. |
- Viklund, Emilia, et al.
(författare)
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Current smoking alters phospholipid- and surfactant protein A levels in small airway lining fluid: An explorative study on exhaled breath
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small airways are difficult to access. Exhaled droplets, also referred to as particles, provide a sample of small airway lining fluid and may reflect inflammatory responses. We aimed to explore the effect of smoking on the composition and number of exhaled particles in a smoker-enriched study population. We collected and chemically analyzed exhaled particles from 102 subjects (29 never smokers, 36 former smokers and 37 current smokers) aged 39 to 83 years (median 63). A breathing maneuver maximized the number exhaled particles, which were quantified with a particle counter. The contents of surfactant protein A and albumin in exhaled particles was quantified with immunoassays and the contents of the phospholipids dipalmitoyl- and palmitoyl-oleoyl- phosphatidylcholine with mass spectrometry. Subjects also performed spirometry and nitrogen single breath washout. Associations between smoking status and the distribution of contents in exhaled particles and particle number concentration were tested with quantile regression, after adjusting for potential confounders. Current smokers, compared to never smokers, had higher number exhaled particles and more surfactant protein A in the particles. The magnitude of the effects of current smoking varied along the distribution of each PEx-variable. Among subjects with normal lung function, phospholipid levels were elevated in current smokers, in comparison to no effect of smoking on these lipids at abnormal lung function. Smoking increased exhaled number of particles and the contents of lipids and surfactant protein A in the particles. These findings might reflect early inflammatory responses to smoking in small airway lining fluid, also when lung function is within normal limits.
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| 37. |
- Viklund, Emilia, et al.
(författare)
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can be detected in exhaled aerosol sampled during a few minutes of breathing or coughing
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses. - : Wiley. - 1750-2640 .- 1750-2659. ; 16:3, s. 402-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The knowledge on the concentration of viral particles in exhaled breath is limited. The aim of this study was to explore if severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be detected in aerosol from subjects with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during various types of breathing and coughing and how infection with SARS-CoV-2 may influence the number and size of exhaled aerosol particles. Methods: We counted and collected endogenous particles in exhaled breath in subjects with COVID-19 disease by two different impaction-based methods, during 20 normal breaths, 10 airway opening breaths, and three coughs, respectively. Breath samples were analyzed with reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Detection of RNA in aerosol was possible in 10 out of 25 subjects. Presence of virus RNA in aerosol was mainly found in cough samples (n = 8), but also in airway opening breaths (n = 3) and in normal breaths (n = 4), with no overlap between the methods. No association between viral load in aerosol and number exhaled particles <5μm was found. Subjects with COVID-19 exhaled less particles than healthy controls during normal breathing and airway opening breaths (all P < 0.05), but not during cough. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in exhaled aerosol, sampled during a limited number of breathing and coughing procedures. Detection in aerosol seemed independent of viral load in the upper airway swab as well as of the exhaled number of particles. The infectious potential of the amount of virus detected in aerosol needs to be further explored.
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| 38. |
- Viklund, Emilia W.E., et al.
(författare)
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Nordic population-based study on internet use and perceived meaningfulness in later life: How they are linked and why it matters
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 50, s. 381-388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim was to explore the association between internet use, the use of specific internet-based activities and perceiving life as meaningful, among older adults in two regions in Finland and Sweden.Methods: The data was collected through a population-based survey (N = 9386) as part of the GERDA project conducted in 2016. In order to analyse the associations between perceiving life as meaningful and internet use and related activities, odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were calculated using binary logistic regression analysis, where socio-demographic factors and health status were controlled for.Results: Statistically significant associations were found between perceiving life as meaningful and internet use in later life. When looking further at the specific internet-based activities under study, activities related to leisure and entertainment showed a statistically significant connection to perceived meaningfulness in later life, after controlling for socio-demographic factors and health status.Conclusions: The results indicated that there was a statistically significant positive association between internet use and perceiving life as meaningful in later life. Online activities related to leisure and entertainment seem to be especially associated with perceived meaningfulness. Although causal direction could not be determined, the results suggest that internet use may support the experience of wellbeing in everyday life among older persons, through the unlimited access to interest-driven activities that it provides.
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| 39. |
- Viklund, Emilia W.E., et al.
(författare)
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The perks and struggles of participatory approaches : exploring older persons’ experiences of participating in designing and developing an application
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Gerontechnology. - : International Society for Gerontechnology (ISG). - 1569-1101 .- 1569-111X. ; 22:1, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Innovative multidisciplinary and person-centred initiatives are needed to promote well-being among older persons. In order to approach these goals, both health promotion and the field of innovation studies recognise the importance of the meaningful engagement of older persons in development processes. Participatory approaches are applied within technology development, but previous studies highlight a lack of knowledge about how they matter—especially for the persons who are participating in the co-creation process. Objective: The study explores older persons’ experiences of participating in an innovation project. Method: The study is part of the @geing Online project. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at several intervals during and after the project in two regions in Finland and were analysed using thematic analysis. In total, 38 older individuals participated.Results: The older persons perceived that participating in an innovation project can be an uplifting experience that increases their interest and confidence in digital technology use by combating stereotypes. Additionally, being able to make one’s own and other older persons’ voices heard regarding services targeting older persons in collaboration with local universities was also perceived as valuable. However, the participation did not fully live up to all the older participants’ expectations. Feelings of disappointment emerged in relation to their own performance with the prototypes being developed, as well as the fear of failing the project team. Additional sources of disappointment were related to the fact that the participants did not increase their knowledge of new and familiar digital technology to the extent that they had hoped. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight experiences of taking part in an innovation project focusing on technology design with a participatory approach, depicting the benefits, motivators, and challenges. This kind of knowledge is important in order to improve future participatory practice in gerontechnology endeavours.
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| 40. |
- Viklund, Lina, 1984-
(författare)
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Aggregation pheromones in the four-eyed bark beetles Polygraphus poligraphus, Polygraphus punctifrons, Polygraphus subopacus and Polygraphus proximus
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Some bark beetle species can cause considerable damage and mortality in their host trees, resulting in major economic and environmental losses. Beetles of the genus Polygraphus, four-eyed bark beetles, have been involved in large bark beetle outbreaks in Sweden together with the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Three species of Polygraphus are present in Swedish spruce forests: P. poligraphus, P. punctifrons and P. subopacus. Polygraphus poligraphus has been associated with tree mortality whereas little is known about the two other species. In other parts of the world, other Polygraphus species are well-known pest insects; these include Polygraphus rufipennis, which attacks black spruce in North America, and Polygraphus proximus, which is an invasive pest in Russia where it has killed large volumes of Siberian fir. Polygraphus proximus is spreading westwards towards the European Union. Bark beetles use aggregation pheromones to coordinate mass attacks on their host trees as well as for the males to attract females. Traps baited with aggregation pheromones offer a promising way of monitoring pest species and may, in combination with other measures, contribute to pest control. Aggregation pheromones of P. rufipennis and P. poligraphus were identified over 30 years ago, but for the other Polygraphus species, no aggregation pheromones were known. The aim of this work was to investigate the chemical communication of P. poligraphus, P. subopacus, P. punctifrons and P. proximus. Beetles were allowed to bore into the bark of their host trees at the laboratory, and the emitted volatiles were sampled with SPME and analysed with GC-MS. Several sex-specific compounds were identified in all four species. Electroantennographic studies as well as field experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the biological role of these compounds. Attractive compounds which werevipresumed to be parts of the aggregation pheromones produced by the males were found for all four species, as well as some repellant compounds. Species-specific pheromone lures were developed for P. punctifrons and optimised for P. poligraphus. In P. subopacus and P. proximus, the composition of their aggregation pheromones turned out to be surprisingly similar. Both species appear to use the same main compound in their pheromones, and when this compound was used as a bait in traps, both species were caught as well as P. poligraphus. Several other compounds were also found in the emissions of volatiles collected from boring males of P. proximus and P. subopacus, but despite several field studies which were conducted in Russia and Sweden, no species-specific formulation was identified for P. subopacus. For P. proximus, one compound which was collected from the males in minor amounts appeared to be attractive to P. proximus specifically, but this effect should be confirmed in future studies. The presented work should be a good starting point for anyone who wishes to study the chemical communication of these species.
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| 41. |
- Viklund, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of long-time series of data on genetic evaluations for performance of Swedish Warmblood riding horses
- 2010
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Ingår i: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 4, s. 1823-1831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For Swedish Warmblood sport horses, breeding values (BVs) are predicted using a multiple-trait animal model with results from competitions and young horse performance tests. Data go back to the beginning of the 1970s, and earlier studies have indicated that some of the recorded traits have changed through the years. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of including all performance data or excluding the older ones compared to a bivariate model (BM) considering performance traits in early and late periods as separate traits. The bivariate approach was assumed to give the most correct BVs for the actual breeding population. Competition results in dressage and show jumping for almost 40 000 horses until 2006 were available. For riding horse quality test (RHQT), data of 14 000 horses judged between 1973 and 2007 were used. Genetic correlations of 0.69 to 1.00 were estimated between traits recorded at different time periods (RHQT data) or different birth year groups (competition data). A cross-validation study and comparison of BVs using different sets of data showed that most accurate and similar results were obtained when BVs were predicted from either the BM or the univariate model including all data from the beginning of the recording. We recommend using all data and applying the univariate model to minimise the computational efforts for genetic evaluations and for provision of reliable BVs for as many horses as possible.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Viklund, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation in competition traits at different ages and time periods and correlations with traits at field tests of 4-year-old Swedish Warmblood horses
- 2010
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Ingår i: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 4, s. 682-691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For many years, the breeding value estimation for Swedish riding horses has been based on results from Riding Horse Quality Tests (RHQTs) of 4-year-olds only. Traits tested are conformation, gaits and jumping ability. An integrated index including competition results is under development to both get as reliable proofs as possible and increases the credibility of the indexes among breeders, trainers and riders. The objectives of this study were to investigate the suitability of competition data for use in genetic evaluations of horses and to examine how well young horse performance agrees with performance later in life. Competition results in dressage and show jumping for almost 40 000 horses from the beginning of the 1960s until 2006 were available. For RHQT data of 14 000 horses judged between 1988 and 2007 were used. Genetic parameters were estimated for accumulated competition results defined for different age groups (4 to 6 years of age, 4 to 9 years of age and lifetime), and for different birth year groups. Genetic correlations were estimated between results at RHQT and competitions with a multi-trait animal model. Heritabilities were higher for show jumping than dressage and increased with increasing age of the horse and amount of information. For dressage, heritabilities increased from 0.11 for the youngest group to 0.16 for lifetime results. For show jumping corresponding values increased from 0.24 to 0.28. Genetic correlations between competition results for the different age groups were highly positive (0.84 to 1.00), as were those between jumping traits at RHQT and competition results in show jumping (0.87 to 0.89). For dressage-related traits as 4-year-old and dressage competition results the estimated genetic correlations were between 0.47 and 0.77. We suggest that lifetime results from competitions should be integrated into the genetic evaluation system. However, genetic parameters showed that traits had changed during the over 35-year period covered due to the development of the sport, which needs to be considered in future genetic evaluations.
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| 45. |
- Viklund, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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SAFEWAY2SCHOOL : EU-projekt om skolskjuts 2009-2012
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en sammanfattning av resultaten från EU-projektet SAFEWAY2SCHOOL, som bedrivits inom 7:e ramprogrammet under åren 2009 till och med augusti 2012. Rapporten är särskilt inriktad på den svenska fältstudien i Örnsköldsvik, där lagstadgad hastighet 30 km/tim har testats, samt de förbättringsförslag inom lagstiftnings- och regelområdet som pekats ut som extra viktiga att beakta ur ett europeiskt perspektiv. Rapporten vänder sig till svenska beslutsfattare och övriga intresserade inom skolskjutsområdet.
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| 46. |
- Östling, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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A novel non-invasive method allowing for discovery of pathologically relevant proteins from small airways
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Proteomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1542-6416 .- 1559-0275. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a lack of early and precise biomarkers for personalized respiratory medicine. Breath contains an aerosol of droplet particles, which are formed from the epithelial lining fluid when the small airways close and re-open during inhalation succeeding a full expiration. These particles can be collected by impaction using the PExA (R) method (Particles in Exhaled Air), and are derived from an area of high clinical interest previously difficult to access, making them a potential source of biomarkers reflecting pathological processes in the small airways. Research question: Our aim was to investigate if PExA method is useful for discovery of biomarkers that reflect pathology of small airways. Methods and analysis: Ten healthy controls and 20 subjects with asthma, of whom 10 with small airway involvement as indicated by a high lung clearance index (LCI >= 2.9 z-score), were examined in a cross-sectional design, using the PExA instrument. The samples were analysed with the SOMAscan proteomics platform (SomaLogic Inc.). Results: Two hundred-seven proteins were detected in up to 80% of the samples. Nine proteins showed differential abundance in subjects with asthma and high LCI as compared to healthy controls. Two of these were less abundant (ALDOA4, C4), and seven more abundant (FIGF, SERPINA1, CD93, CCL18, F10, IgM, IL1RAP). sRAGE levels were lower in ex-smokers (n = 14) than in never smokers (n = 16). Gene Ontology (GO) annotation database analyses revealed that the PEx proteome is enriched in extracellular proteins associated with extracellular exosome-vesicles and innate immunity. Conclusion: The applied analytical method was reproducible and allowed identification of pathologically interesting proteins in PEx samples from asthmatic subjects with high LCI. The results suggest that PEx based proteomics is a novel and promising approach to study respiratory diseases with small airway involvement.
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