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| 2. |
- Antonsson, Ann-Beth, et al.
(författare)
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Mineralfiberfragment och 'sjuka hus'-besvär i skolmiljö
- 1995
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lärare på flera skolor i Göteborg har kopplat irritation av slemhinnor, främst i ögonen, till miljön i skolorna. En hypotes har framlagts att besvären skulle kunna bero på mineralfibermaterial. Besvären antas inte bero på hela fibrer i luften utan på sönderdelade fibrer, fragment. En studie har gjorts för att kartlägga eventuella samband mellan halten mineralfiberfragment, mätt som bl a kisel, i luften på skolor och förekomsten av sjuka hus-besvär, speciellt ögonirritation, bland skolpersonalen. Resultatet av studien är att inga signifikanta positiva samband mellan symptom och totaldammhalten och halterna kisel, kalcium eller järn kunde påvisas. Den specifika hypotesen att mineralfiberfragment skulle vara orsaken till ögonbesvär i skolmiljö har därmed inte kunnat beläggas, eftersom inga positiva samband mellan lufthalten av kisel, kalcium eller järn (som alla förekommer i mineralull) och sjuka hus-besvär kunnat påvisas. Detta motsäger dock inte att mineralfibrer i vissa fall, i andra miljöer än de här undersökta och under exponeringsbetingelser, skulle kunna bidra till sjuka hus-besvär.
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| 3. |
- Antonsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of apoptosis by staurosporine involves the inhibition of expression of the major cell cycle proteins at the G(2)/m checkpoint accompanied by alterations in Erk and Akt kinase activities
- 2009
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : International Institute of Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 29:8, s. 2893-2898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Staurosporine is a therapeutic agent that inhibits tumor cell growth by inducing cell death via intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Our previous studies in clinical settings have suggested that certain subpopulations of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) had poor response to chemotherapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of staurosporine on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in human leukemic cell line U-937 cells was determined. U-937 cells were treated with staurosporine at 0.5 microM for 18 hours or 1 microM for 24 hours. Analyses of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were performed using flow cytometric analysis. The effects of staurosporine on the targeted proteins were assessed by immunoblot analysis.RESULTS: A blockade of the cell cycle at the G(2)/M phase was observed in U-937 cells treated with staurosporine. A concomitant induction of apoptosis and activation of caspase-3 in U-937 cells was also achieved. Treatment of U-937 cells with staurosporine at 1 microM for 24 hours, compared with 0.5 microM for 18 hours, appeared to kill the leukemic more efficiently cells and this dose and duration may specifically target p27, Erk and Akt pathways that are important for cancer cell survival and resistance to treatment. We also show that the effects of stauroporine on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in U-937 cells are closely linked.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that induction of apoptosis and inhibitory proliferation and survival pathways are important events induced by staurosporine. Understanding the conditions under which staurosporine shows high specificity and low toxicity in treatment of leukemic cells is of great importance for improving the efficacy of targeted therapeutics and overcoming resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.
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| 6. |
- Antonsson, J B, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in gut intramucosal pH and gut oxygen extraction ratio in a porcine model of peritonitis and hemorrhage.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Critical Care Medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0090-3493 .- 1530-0293. ; 23:11, s. 1872-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between gut intramucosal pH and blood flow to the gut, gut oxygen delivery, and gut oxygen extraction ratio in a porcine model of peritonitis and hemorrhage.DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study.SETTING: Experimental laboratory in a university teaching hospital.SUBJECTS: Thirty pigs of both sexes, weighing 15 to 22 kg.INTERVENTIONS: Animals were anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. A flow probe was placed around the superior mesenteric artery for registration of blood flow. A tonometer was placed in the lumen of midileum for calculation of gut intramucosal pH. Hourly, for 5 hrs, blood samples were taken from mixed venous, mesenteric venous, and arterial blood. Five animals served as controls, ten animals had peritonitis induced by fecal instillation in the abdominal cavity, five were bled stepwise, five were bled rapidly (to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg), and five were bled rapidly and reinfused after 3 hrs.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Both peritonitis and hemorrhage caused decreases in gut blood flow and intramucosal pH. In mild peritonitis, the intramucosal pH decrease preceded that of blood flow. In all experimental groups, oxygen delivery decreased over time; in both mild and severe peritonitis, this decrease was preceded by a decrease of intramucosal pH. Intramucosal pH correlated well with gut oxygen extraction ratio in peritonitis (r2 = .86). In hemorrhage, there was a correlation of r2 = .66, but in intramucosal pH of < 7.12, a further decrease was accompanied only by minor changes in extraction ratio.CONCLUSIONS: Since a reduction in blood flow was preceded by a decrease in intramucosal pH, low intramucosal pH in peritonitis cannot be explained by low flow alone. Gut oxygen delivery proved to be a poor indicator of gut acidosis (i.e., low intramucosal pH). In peritonitis, a decreasing intramucosal pH was associated with an increasing oxygen extraction ratio. In hemorrhage, this association had a sharp deflection point below which a further decrease in intramucosal pH occurred concomitantly with an unchanged gut oxygen extraction ratio. Increased extraction ratio was not sufficient, not even initially, to maintain aerobic metabolism (i.e., unchanged intramucosal pH).
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| 10. |
- Antonsson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Lungefysioterapi ved abdominal- og thoraxkirurgi
- 2011
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Ingår i: Fysioterapeuten. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I snart hundrede år har fysioterapeuter arbejdet på at mindske risikoen for postoperative lungekomplikationer hos patienter, der skal opereres i brystkassen og abdominalregionen. Klinisk erfaring viser, at lungefysioterapi er vigtig, men hvad ved vi i dag om effekten af forskellige former for behandling? Hvilke indsatsområder skal man i første omgang vælge? Forfatterne til denne artikel har udarbejdet retningslinjer for lungefysioterapi til patienter, som gennemgår abdominal- og thoraxkirurgi. Målet med arbejdet med retningslinjerne har været at udrede og sammensætte eksisterende evidens for lungefysioterapeutiske behandlingsmetoder i forbindelse med abdominal- og thoraxkirurgiske indgreb. Den samlede evidens i kombination med ekspertgruppens kommentarer har ført til anbefalinger for den kliniske behandling. Disse anbefalinger er målrettet fysioterapeuter i den kliniske praksis, som arbejder med abdominal - og thoraxkirurgiske patienter. Sigtet er, at den aktuelle og systematisk indsamlede viden vil bidrage til diskussioner på de forskellige arbejdspladser, og at anbefalingerne for behandling vil blive tilpasset de lokale forhold. Denne artikel sammenfatter retningslinjerne, som er publiceret på fysioterapiforbundets (Legitimerede Sjukgymnasters) hjemmeside under profession. De kliniske retningslinjer omfatter desuden en komplet referenceliste.
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| 11. |
- Ekmark, I., et al.
(författare)
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Fluid and kinetic studies of tokamak disruptions using Bayesian optimization
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Plasma Physics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 90:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When simulating runaway electron dynamics in tokamak disruptions, fluid models with lower numerical cost are often preferred to more accurate kinetic models. The aim of this work is to compare fluid and kinetic simulations of a large variety of different disruption scenarios in ITER. We consider both non-activated and activated scenarios; for the latter, we derive and implement kinetic sources for the Compton scattering and tritium beta decay runaway electron generation mechanisms in our simulation tool Dream (Hoppe et al., Comput. Phys. Commun., vol. 268, 2021, 108098). To achieve a diverse set of disruption scenarios, Bayesian optimization is used to explore a range of massive material injection densities for deuterium and neon. The cost function is designed to distinguish between successful and unsuccessful disruption mitigation based on the runaway current, current quench time and transported fraction of the heat loss. In the non-activated scenarios, we find that fluid and kinetic disruption simulations can have significantly different runaway electron dynamics, due to an overestimation of the runaway seed by the fluid model. The primary cause of this is that the fluid hot-tail generation model neglects superthermal electron transport losses during the thermal quench. In the activated scenarios, the fluid and kinetic models give similar predictions, which can be explained by the significant influence of the activated sources on the runaway dynamics and the seed.
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| 12. |
- Ericson, E., et al.
(författare)
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Hepatic patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 levels are increased in I148M risk allele carriers and correlate with NAFLD in humans
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hepatology communications.. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2471-254X. ; 6:10, s. 2689-2701
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 variant is a contributor. In mice, the Pnpla3 148M variant accumulates on lipid droplets and probably leads to sequestration of a lipase cofactor leading to impaired mobilization of triglycerides. To advance our understanding of the localization and abundance of PNPLA3 protein in humans, we used liver biopsies from patients with NAFLD to investigate the link to NAFLD and the PNPLA3 148M genotype. We experimentally qualified an antibody against human PNPLA3. Hepatic PNPLA3 protein fractional area and localization were determined by immunohistochemistry in biopsies from a well-characterized NAFLD cohort of 67 patients. Potential differences in hepatic PNPLA3 protein levels among patients related to degree of steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis, and PNPLA3 I148M gene variants were assessed. Immunohistochemistry staining in biopsies from patients with NAFLD showed that hepatic PNPLA3 protein was predominantly localized to the membranes of small and large lipid droplets in hepatocytes. PNPLA3 protein levels correlated strongly with steatosis grade (p = 0.000027) and were also significantly higher in patients with lobular inflammation (p = 0.009), ballooning (p = 0.022), and significant fibrosis (stage 2-4, p = 0.014). In addition, PNPLA3 levels were higher in PNPLA3 rs738409 148M (CG, GG) risk allele carriers compared to 148I (CC) nonrisk allele carriers (p = 0.0029). Conclusion: PNPLA3 protein levels were associated with increased hepatic lipid content and disease severity in patients with NAFLD and were higher in PNPLA3 rs738409 (148M) risk allele carriers. Our hypothesis that increased hepatic levels of PNPLA3 may be part of the pathophysiological mechanism of NAFLD is supported.
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| 13. |
- Forslund, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Population-based type-specific prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged Swedish Women.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : Wiley. - 1096-9071 .- 0146-6615. ; 66:4, s. 535-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing can be used to identify women at risk of the development of cervical cancer. The cost-effectiveness of HPV screening is dependent on the type-specific HPV prevalence in the general population. The present study describes the prevalence and spectrum of high-risk HPV types found in a large real-life population-based HPV screening trial undertaken entirely within the cervical screening program offered to middle-aged Swedish women. Cervical brush samples from 6,123 women aged 32-38 years were analyzed using a general HPV primer (GP5(+)/6(+)) polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) combined with reverse dot-blot hybridization for confirmation and HPV typing by a single assay. In this study, 6.8% (95% CI 6.2-7.5) (417/6,123) were confirmed as high-risk HPV positive. Infections with 13 different high-risk HPV types were detected, of which HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (2.1%; 128/6,123), followed by HPV 31 (1.1%; 67/6,123). Any one of the HPV types 18, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, or 66 was detected in 3.6% (223/6,123) of the women. Infection with two, three, and five types simultaneously was identified in 32, 5, and 1 women, respectively. The combination of PCR-EIA as a screening test and reverse dot-blot hybridization as a confirmatory test, was found to be readily applicable to a real-life population-based cervical screening. The type-specific HPV prevalence found support in previous modeling studies suggesting that HPV screening may be a favorable cervical screening strategy.
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| 14. |
- Golding, H, et al.
(författare)
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CCR5 N-terminal region plays a critical role in HIV-1 inhibition by Toxoplasma gondii-derived cyclophilin-18
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 280:33, s. 29570-29577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular mimicry of chemokine ligands has been described for several pathogens. Toxoplasma gondii produces a protein, cyclophilin-18 (C-18), which binds to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-receptor CCR5 and inhibits fusion and infection of T cells and macrophages by R5 viruses but not by X4 viruses. We recently identified structural determinants of C-18 required for anti-HIV activity (Yarovinsky, F., Andersen, J. F., King, L. R., Caspar, P., Aliberti, J., Golding, H., and Sher, A. ( 2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 53635 - 53642). Here we have elucidated the fine specificity of CCR5 residues involved in binding and HIV inhibitory potential of C-18. To delineate the regions of CCR5 involved in C-18 binding, we analyzed C-18 inhibition of cells expressing CXCR4/CCR5 chimeric receptors and CCR5 with a truncated N terminus (Delta 2-19). These experiments identified a critical role for the N terminus of CCR5 in C-18 binding and anti-HIV activity. Studies with a large panel of CCR5 N-terminal peptides, including Tyr-sulfated analogues, truncated peptides, and alanine-scanning mutants, suggested that each of the 12 - 17 amino acids in the N terminus of CCR5 are essential for C-18 binding and inhibitory activity. Tyr sulfation did not improve C-18 reactivity. This finding is of interest because the same CCR5 N-terminal region was shown previously to play a key role in binding of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. The elucidation of the functional C-18-binding mechanism may help in the rational design of novel antiviral agents against HIV.
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| 17. |
- Kressner, U, et al.
(författare)
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Intraoperative colonic lavage and primary anastomosis--an alternative to Hartmann procedure in emergency surgery of the left colon.
- 1994
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - 1102-4151 .- 1741-9271. ; 160:5, s. 287-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess whether intraoperative lavage and primary resection with anastomosis is a safe alternative to a Hartmann procedure in emergency surgery of the left colon.DESIGN: Retrospective study.SETTING: University hospital.MATERIAL: 101 consecutive patients (39 emergency and 62 elective) who underwent a left-sided colonic resection during a 3-year-period.INTERVENTIONS: 17 of the emergency procedures comprised an intraoperative lavage followed by resection and primary anastomosis without faecal diversion; 17 were Hartmann procedures and 5 patients had primary resection without lavage.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative mortality, morbidity and duration of hospital stay in these two groups compared with these after a contemporary series of elective resections.RESULTS: There were no postoperative deaths and no clinical anastomotic leaks in the lavage group. The duration of hospital stay (median 11 days) was similar in both groups (overall and sigmoid resection respectively). In the Hartmann group, there were two deaths and the postoperative stay in hospital was significantly longer.CONCLUSIONS: Primary resection with intraoperative lavage can be done successfully in patients with acute obstruction of the left colon and the duration of hospital stay and morbidity are similar to those seen in patients operated on electively.
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| 25. |
- Rodin, S, et al.
(författare)
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Clonal culturing of human embryonic stem cells on laminin-521/E-cadherin matrix in defined and xeno-free environment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 5, s. 3195-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lack of robust methods for establishment and expansion of pluripotent human embryonic stem (hES) cells still hampers development of cell therapy. Laminins (LN) are a family of highly cell-type specific basement membrane proteins important for cell adhesion, differentiation, migration and phenotype stability. Here we produce and isolate a human recombinant LN-521 isoform and develop a cell culture matrix containing LN-521 and E-cadherin, which both localize to stem cell niches in vivo. This matrix allows clonal derivation, clonal survival and long-term self-renewal of hES cells under completely chemically defined and xeno-free conditions without ROCK inhibitors. Neither LN-521 nor E-cadherin alone enable clonal survival of hES cells. The LN-521/E-cadherin matrix allows hES cell line derivation from blastocyst inner cell mass and single blastomere cells without a need to destroy the embryo. This method can facilitate the generation of hES cell lines for development of different cell types for regenerative medicine purposes.
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