| 1. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 2. |
- Alstrup, Vagn, et al.
(författare)
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Lichens from Tanzania and Kenya III : Macrolichens and calicioid lichens
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cryptogamie Mycologie. - 0181-1584 .- 1776-100X. ; 31:3, s. 333-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 156 species of macrolichens and calicioid lichens are reported from Tanzania and Kenya. 28 species are new for Tanzania and 2 for Kenya. New for Africa are Hypotrachyna novella, H. physcioides, Melanelia panniformis, Physcidia squamulosa, and Xanthoparmelia microspora.
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| 3. |
- Aptroot, Andre, et al.
(författare)
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Caliciales, Graphidales and Teloschistales.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Ascomycete Systematics, Problems and Perspectives in the Nineties. NATO ASI Series, Ser. A: Life Sciences. - 0306448823 ; 269, s. 393-396
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract is not available
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Crespo, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic generic classification of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae,Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 59:6, s. 1735-1753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parmelioid lichens are a diverse and ubiquitous group of foliose lichens. Generic delimitation in parmelioid lichens has been in a state of flux since the late 1960s with the segregation of the large, heterogeneous genus Parmelia into numerous smaller genera. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that some of these new genera were monophyletic, some were not, and others, previously believed to be unrelated, fell within single monophyletic groups, indicating the need for a revision of the generic delimitations. This study aims to give an overview of current knowledge of the major clades of all parmelioid lichens. For this, we assembled a dataset of 762 specimens, including 31 of 33 currently accepted parmelioid genera (and 63 of 84 accepted genera of Parmeliaceae). We performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined datasets including two, three and four loci. Based on these phylogenies and the correlation of morphological and chemical characters that characterize monophyletic groups, we accept 27 genera within nine main clades. We re-circumscribe several genera and reduce Parmelaria to synonymy with Parmotrema. Emodomelanelia Divakar & A. Crespo is described as a new genus (type: E. masonii). Nipponoparmelia (Kurok.) K.H. Moon, Y. Ohmura & Kashiw. ex A. Crespo & al. is elevated to generic rank and 15 new combinations are proposed (in the genera Flavoparmelia, Parmotrema, Myelochroa, Melanelixia and Nipponoparmelia). A short discussion of the accepted genera is provided and remaining challenges and areas requiring additional taxon sampling are identified.
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| 6. |
- Geiser, David M., et al.
(författare)
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Eurotiomycetes : Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae
- 2006
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Ingår i: Mycologia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0027-5514 .- 1557-2536. ; 98:6, s. 1053-1064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The class Eurotiomycetes (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina) is a monophyletic group comprising two major clades of very different ascomycetous fungi: (i) the subclass Eurotiomycetidae, a clade that contains most of the fungi previously recognized as Plectomycetes because of their mostly enclosed ascomata and pyototunicate asci; and (ii) the subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae, a group of fungi that produce ascomata with an opening reminiscent of those produced by Dothideomycetes or Sordariomycetes. In this paper we use phylogenetic analyses based on data available from the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life project (AFTOL), in addition to sequences in GenBank, to outline this important group of fungi. The Eurotiomycetidae include producers of toxic and useful secondary metabolites, fermentation agents used to make food products and enzymes, xerophiles and psychrophiles, and the important genetics model Aspergillus nidulans. The Chaetothyriomycetidae include the common black yeast fungi, some of which are pathogens of humans and animals, as well as some primarily lichenized groups newly found to be phylogenetically associated with this group. The recently proposed order Mycocaliciales shows a sister relationship with Eurotiomycetes. The great majority of human pathogenic Pezizomycotina are Eurotiomycetes, particularly in Eurotiales, Onygenales and Chaetothyriales. Due to their broad importance in basic research, industry and public health, several genome projects have focused on species in Onygenales and Eurotiales.
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| 7. |
- Kondratyuk, Sergij Y., et al.
(författare)
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New Caloplaca species from Australia.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biodiversity and Ecology of lichens. Liber Amicorum Harrie Sipman. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. - 1436-1698. - 9783443580780 ; 99, s. 259-278
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Seven new species of Caloplaca are described, the isidiate Caloplaca clavatoisidiata and C. sipmanii, and five fertile species, C. bastowii, C. beaugleholii, C. dahlii, C. jerramungupensis and C. norfolkensis. The new species are distinguished from related species by morphological, anatomical and chemical characters which are described in detail. The new combination Caloplaca soredians (Müll.Arg.) Elix, S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt is made.
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| 8. |
- Perlmutter, Gary B, et al.
(författare)
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Biatora akompsa is found to be a disjunct North American species of Pentagenella (Opegraphaceae) through Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Bryologist. - 0007-2745 .- 1938-4378. ; 123:3, s. 502-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historical and recent material of Bacidia akompsa (basionym: Biatora akompsa) was studied to determine the taxonomic position of this crustose lichen, prompted by the appearance of the provisional name ‘‘Lecanactis akompsa (Tuck.) ined.’’ in multiple online lichen databases and checklists. Initial morphological assessment of verified material confirmed B. akompsa as a member of Arthoniales but distinct from Lecanactis by having epruinose ascomata with a thin exciple open below the hymenium; a pale, K/Iþ violet to deep blue hypothecium; and ascospores with a gelatinous sheath. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of specimens recently collected near the type locality revealed B. akompsa to be nested within the genus Pentagenella in Opegraphaceae. The same placement was found using phenotype-based phylogenetic binning with 37 morphological, anatomical and chemical characters. The new combination Pentagenella akompsa is proposed and the species represents the first North American member of this genus, otherwise known only from Chile and Peru. Therefore, our results reveal the genus Pentagenella to have a remarkably disjunct distribution between North and South America. Several specimens previously labeled as Bacidia, Biatora, or Lecanactis akompsa were found to be misidentifications, narrowing the range of P. akompsa to coastal California, where it is found on two coastal conifer species that are (like P. akompsa itself) narrowly endemic and of conservation concern.
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| 9. |
- Vondrak, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Caloplaca ulcerosa, a maritime species in Europe with a remarkable occurrence in the Czech Republic
- 2009
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Ingår i: Bryonora. - 0862-8904. ; 44, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caloplaca ulcerosa, known as an epiphytic species growing on the bark of broad-leaved trees, is newly recorded from stems of maritime shrubs and from shaded limestone rock. In Europe, ninety-five percent of 90 considered records are within 50 km from a sea coast, but the species does not show any other geographical tendencies. It is rather regularly distributed throughout Europe, North Africa and the Near East. The distribution pattern of C. ulcerosa is, therefore, considered maritime; it may be the first known example of a maritime distribution of a lichen generally growing on tree trunks. The remarkable occurrence in the Czech Republic with an abnormal ecology is discussed. The identity of the specimen is supported by molecular nrITS DNA data. Specimens called Caloplaca ulcerosa collected in the inland of North America are related but not conspecific with C. ulcerosa s. str. Caloplaca viperae, considered by Nimis a possible synonym to C. ulcerosa, is a blastidiate-isidiate taxon probably conspecific with C. herbidella.ecology is discussed. The identity of the specimen is supported by molecular nrITS DNA data. Specimens called Caloplaca ulcerosa collected in the inland of North America are related but not conspecific with C. ulcerosa s. str. Caloplaca viperae considered by Nimis a possible synonym to C. ulcerosa, is a blastidiate-isidiate taxon probably conspecific with C. herbidella.
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| 10. |
- Weerakoon, Gothamie, et al.
(författare)
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Leightoniella zeylanensis belongs to the Pannariaceae
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : WILEY. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 36:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent finds of Leightoniella zeylanensis, classified variously in the Collemataceae and Pannariaceae, enabled us to generate DNA sequence data for investigating its phylogenetic affiliation. Newly generated sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrLSU), the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal (mrSSU) DNA, and the largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II gene (RPB1) indicate that L. zeylanensis is a member of the Pannariaceae, belonging to a strongly supported clade together with Physma, Lepidocollema, and Gibbosporina (= the Physma clade'). With the currently available data, however, relationships within this clade are largely impossible to reconstruct with confidence. Leightoniella zeylanensis was found to possess ellipsoid ascospores surrounded by a thick, gelatinous perispore with pointed ends, supporting a previously published hypothesis that such a perispore type is a synapomorphy for the Physma clade. A lectotype is designated for the basionym Pterygium zeylanense Leight.
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