| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bernal, Ximena E., et al.
(författare)
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Empowering Latina scientists
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Abada, A., et al.
(författare)
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FCC-hh : The Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 3
- 2019
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Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 228:4, s. 755-1107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the third volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the hadron collider FCC-hh. It summarizes the FCC-hh physics discovery opportunities, presents the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and staged operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the FCC-hh design aims at significantly extending the energy frontier to 100TeV. Its unprecedented centre of-mass collision energy will make the FCC-hh a unique instrument to explore physics beyond the Standard Model, offering great direct sensitivity to new physics and discoveries.
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| 4. |
- Abada, A., et al.
(författare)
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FCC Physics Opportunities: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 1
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 79:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the physics opportunities of the Future Circular Collider, covering its e+e-, pp, ep and heavy ion programmes. We describe the measurement capabilities of each FCC component, addressing the study of electroweak, Higgs and strong interactions, the top quark and flavour, as well as phenomena beyond the Standard Model. We highlight the synergy and complementarity of the different colliders, which will contribute to a uniquely coherent and ambitious research programme, providing an unmatchable combination of precision and sensitivity to new physics. © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 5. |
- Amare, Azmeraw, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Polygenic Score and the involvement of Cholinergic and Glutamatergic Pathways with Lithium Treatment Response in Patients with Bipolar Disorder.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research square. - : Research Square Platform LLC.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium is regarded as the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), a severe and disabling mental disorder that affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Nevertheless, lithium is not consistently effective, with only 30% of patients showing a favorable response to treatment. To provide personalized treatment options for bipolar patients, it is essential to identify prediction biomarkers such as polygenic scores. In this study, we developed a polygenic score for lithium treatment response (Li+PGS) in patients with BD. To gain further insights into lithium's possible molecular mechanism of action, we performed a genome-wide gene-based analysis. Using polygenic score modeling, via methods incorporating Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors, Li+PGS was developed in the International Consortium of Lithium Genetics cohort (ConLi+Gen: N=2,367) and replicated in the combined PsyCourse (N=89) and BipoLife (N=102) studies. The associations of Li+PGS and lithium treatment response - defined in a continuous ALDA scale and a categorical outcome (good response vs. poor response) were tested using regression models, each adjusted for the covariates: age, sex, and the first four genetic principal components. Statistical significance was determined at P<����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������.
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| 6. |
- Amare, Azmeraw T, et al.
(författare)
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Association of polygenic score and the involvement of cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways with lithium treatment response in patients with bipolar disorder.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular psychiatry. - 1476-5578. ; 28, s. 5251-5261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium is regarded as the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), a severe and disabling mental healthdisorder that affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Nevertheless, lithium is not consistently effective, with only 30% of patients showing a favorable response to treatment. To provide personalized treatment options for bipolar patients, it is essential to identify prediction biomarkers such as polygenic scores. In this study, we developed a polygenic score for lithium treatment response (Li+PGS) in patients with BD. To gain further insights into lithium's possible molecular mechanism of action, we performed a genome-wide gene-based analysis. Using polygenic score modeling, via methods incorporating Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors, Li+PGS was developed in the International Consortium of Lithium Genetics cohort (ConLi+Gen: N=2367) and replicated in the combined PsyCourse (N=89) and BipoLife (N=102) studies. The associations of Li+PGS and lithium treatment response - defined in a continuous ALDA scale and a categorical outcome (good response vs. poor response) were tested using regression models, each adjusted for the covariates: age, sex, and the first four genetic principal components. Statistical significance was determined at P<0.05. Li+PGS was positively associated with lithium treatment response in the ConLi+Gen cohort, in both the categorical (P=9.8×10-12, R2=1.9%) and continuous (P=6.4×10-9, R2=2.6%) outcomes. Compared to bipolar patients in the 1st decile of the risk distribution, individuals in the 10th decile had 3.47-fold (95%CI: 2.22-5.47) higher odds of responding favorably to lithium. The results were replicated in the independent cohorts for the categorical treatment outcome (P=3.9×10-4, R2=0.9%), but not for the continuous outcome (P=0.13). Gene-based analyses revealed 36 candidate genes that are enriched in biological pathways controlled by glutamate and acetylcholine. Li+PGS may be useful in the development of pharmacogenomic testing strategies by enabling a classification of bipolar patients according to their response to treatment.
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| 7. |
- Arias, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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A Study on Evacuation Behavior in Physical and Virtual Reality Experiments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fire Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-2684 .- 1572-8099. ; 58:2, s. 817-849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparing results obtained in Virtual Reality to those obtained in physical experiments is key for validation of Virtual Reality as a research method in the field of Human Behavior in Fire. A series of experiments based on similar evacuation scenarios in a high-rise building with evacuation elevators was conducted. The experiments consisted of a physical experiment in a building, and two Virtual Reality experiments in a virtual representation of the same building: one using a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE), and one using a head-mounted display (HMD). The data obtained in the HMD experiment is compared to data obtained in the CAVE and physical experiment. The three datasets were compared in terms of pre-evacuation time, noticing escape routes, walking paths, exit choice, waiting times for the elevators and eye-tracking data related to emergency signage. The HMD experiment was able to reproduce the data obtained in the physical experiment in terms of pre-evacuation time and exit choice, but there were large differences with the results from the CAVE experiment. Possible factors affecting the data produced using Virtual Reality are identified, such as spatial orientation and movement in the virtual environment.
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| 8. |
- Arias, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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A virtual reality study of behavioral sequences in residential fires
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fire Safety Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-7112. ; 120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision-making in residential fires can be difficult to study in an experimental setup. Virtual reality could be a way to expose participants to a residential fire scenario and collect data on their behavior. However, the validity of the data obtained needs to be assessed. To explore that, the data collected in two virtual reality residential fire scenarios in form of sequences of behavior was compared to the general model developed by Canter, Breaux and Sime. Two scenarios were developed, one with and one without a smoke alarm. Two samples of 20 participants each were exposed to a fire in a virtual house. The participants were residents of houses with the same layout as the virtual one, making them familiar with the building. The sequence of actions they performed were recorded and decomposition diagrams were drafted based on them, to then be compared to the general model. The results show that the participants’ sequences of behavior did not only fit those predicted by the general model, but also that the participants followed many different sequences, covering most of the possible patterns indicated in the general model, as it is expected in a real world fire.
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| 9. |
- Arias, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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An experiment on ascending evacuation on a long, stationary escalator
- 2016
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Ingår i: Interflam 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ascending evacuation is becoming more relevant with underground stations reaching increasing depths. Therefore there is need for better understanding of the effects of physical exertion during evacuation. An experiment was conducted in a 61 m long, stationary escalator in Stockholm (Sweden) in order to obtain data on walking speeds, resting and behavior, which consisted on measuring the walking speed and gathering data about the perceived exertion of test participants walking up the escalator. The walking speeds of 29 single individuals and a group of 21 individuals were obtained. The results showed that people decrease their walking speed with the height, and some of them need to take breaks along the climb. No clear influence of background participants’ variables was found on the results. In the group experiment, the slower people had an impact on the walking speed of others due to the reduced space between them at the beginning of the climb. However, the slower participants gradually move to the right hand of the escalator to allow overtaking on the left hand side, and the faster ones could move at their preferred speed. This behavior is similar that observed during regular use of escalators.
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| 10. |
- Arias, Silvia
(författare)
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Application of Virtual Reality in the study of Human Behavior in Fire : Pursuing realistic behavior in evacuation experiments
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Virtual Reality (VR) experiments are used to study human behavior in fire because they allow simulation of fire events with relatively low risks to the participants, while maintaining high levels of experimental control. Manystudies have used VR experiments to explore aspects of the human response to fire threats, but VR experiments as a research method are yet to be subjected to a systematic process of validation. One way to validate VR experiments is to compare VR data to data obtained using other research methods, e.g., case studies, laboratory experiments, and field experiments. Five independent VR experiments were designed to collect data that could be then compared to data collected using other research methods. Both datasets, VR and physical, are thencompared with each other to assess similarities and differences between them. Results show that participants in the VR experiments often acted like people did in the physical-world events. Moreover, Human Behavior in Fire theories that explain the behavior of victims in real fires were found to also explain the participants’ behavior in the VR experiments. There were differences between VR and physical-world samples, which highlighted limitations of VR experiments or aspects about realism that need to be considered when designing VR experiments. Visual realism is not enough for participants to interpret a virtual fire emergency as a threat. Therefore, VR experiments need to induce participants to take the virtual fire event seriously. Social norms that apply in physical world contexts may not emerge naturally in virtual environments, and measures should be taken to enhance behavioral realism in VR. These findings are a meaningful contribution to the development of the VR experiment method for collection of behavioral data.
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| 11. |
- Arias, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Forensic virtual reality : Investigating individual behavior in the MGM Grand fire
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fire Safety Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-7112. ; 109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The forensic investigation of human behavior in fires can benefit from a first-hand perspective of what happened during the fire. Complementing the on-site investigation and the witnesses’ accounts with a virtual reality replication of the real fire, forensic investigators could gather valuable data from having non-victims experiencing it. This paper aims to introduce and develop the forensic virtual reality method as a tool to provide a better understanding of the behavior of the building occupants. To assess the method, a virtual reality scenario based on the conditions in a hotel room during the MGM Grand fire in 1980 was created, and 55 naïve participants were exposed to it. Their behavior was later compared to that of the survivors of the real fire. The results show that the virtual environment made approximately 50% of the participants feel urgency due to the emergency and act on it. A comparison to the data from the MGM Grand fire confirmed that real life behavior can be observed in the virtual environment, although the frequencies of actions performed were lower in the virtual reality experiments.
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| 12. |
- Arias, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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ForensicVR: Investigating human behaviour in fire with Virtual Reality
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A forensic investigation of a fire scene can provide insights on the circumstances of a fatal fire. However, people’s attitudes and subsequent behaviour can only be inferred. A full reconstruction in real life of a fatal fire is generally not possible due to ethical reasons regarding the serious threat people would be exposed to and the costs that such an experiment would have. We propose here the ForensicVR method, a novel and innovative way to study human behaviour in fire by recreating, in Virtual Reality (VR), evacuation scenarios from real-world, well-documented fatal fires. The methodology has been developed and tested for two case studies, namely 1) a hotel fire scenario, in which the behaviour of individuals in their rooms was investigated and 2) a nightclub fire scenario, in which the impact of social influence on evacuation behaviour have been studied. Two set of VR evacuation experiments have been conducted for these case studies, including a total of 122 participants. Results show that participants in a VR experiment attempt and succeed at performing both simple and complex actions when exposed to a fire evacuation scenario. Participants reported some level of stress due to the simulated emergency, despite knowing the threat was not real. Participants in the scenario behaved in a comparable way as the victims of the corresponding real fires, which supports the potential of the ForensicVR methodology.
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| 13. |
- Arias, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Pursuing behavioral realism in Virtual Reality for fire evacuation research
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fire and Materials. - : Wiley. - 0308-0501 .- 1099-1018. ; 45:4, s. 462-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of virtual reality in human behavior in fire research has the advantage of being able to produce results comparable to more traditional laboratory or field experiments. This method relies not only on the technology employed but also on the participants' perception of realism when exposed to a virtual emergency scenario. A virtual scenario can be perceived as realistic based on the way it looks and on the way objects in it operates. However, in some experiments, behavioral realism can be the most relevant feature to obtain meaningful results. In this article, knowledge gained by running four different virtual reality experiments is presented in the form of challenges and recommendations to enhance the realism of the virtual experience. Although not in a comprehensive way, these challenges and recommendations refer to different parts of the process of running a virtual reality experiment for research in human behavior in fire, from the design of the environment to the behavior of the participants in it. The recommendations provided are based on observations. By spreading this knowledge, it is expected to aid the broader fire safety engineering community to develop more realistic virtual reality experiments for data collection on human behavior in fire.
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| 14. |
- Arias, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual Reality Evacuation Experiments on Way-Finding Systems for the Future Circular Collider
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fire Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-2684 .- 1572-8099. ; 55, s. 2319-2340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evacuation times can be shortened in fire scenarios if people choose appropriate routes. Way-finding systems can be used to aid this process, thus their effectiveness needs to be evaluated. In the present study, the way-finding evacuation systems of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) are investigated as its evacuation design presents several challenges from the fire safety perspective. To perform a comparison of different evacuation design solutions, a set of Virtual Reality (VR) experiments involving a total of 111 participants was performed. VR was used because the FCC facility is not built yet, and it allows for high experimental control and cost-effectiveness for comparisons of way-finding systems. The VR experiments reproduced a hypothetical fire emergency in which participants’ egress behaviour was investigated. Three scenarios were represented, each of them adopting different evacuation safety concepts and way-finding systems. Different installations were included in the scenarios, such as scenario (1) flashing lights, scenario (2) static or dynamic signage (i.e. active and dissuasive signage indicating the direction towards or away from the danger) and scenario (3) a robot placed on a monorail on the vault of the tunnel, able to localize people in the tunnel and provide way-guidance information. Results show that the combination of red flashing lights at the exits, dynamic signage and a robot equipped with green flashing lights yielded the highest compliance to the way-finding intent of the system (92.6% compliance vs 62.9% and 77.5% for scenarios 1 and 2 respectively).
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| 15. |
- Echeverría-Sáenz, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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In situ toxicity and ecological risk assessment of agro-pesticide runoff in the Madre de Dios River in Costa Rica
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 25:14, s. 13270-13282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The River Madre de Dios (RMD) and its lagoon is a biodiversity rich watershed formed by a system of streams, rivers, channels, and a coastal lagoon communicating with the Caribbean Sea. This basin sustains a large area of agricultural activity (mostly banana, rice, and pineapple) with intensive use of pesticides, continually detected in water samples. We investigated in situ the toxicological effects caused by pesticide runoff from agriculture and the relation of pesticide concentrations with different biological organization levels: early responses in fish biomarkers (sub-organismal), acute toxicity to Daphnia magna (organismal), and aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure. The evaluation was carried out between October 2011 and November 2012 at five sites along the RMD influenced by agricultural discharges and a reference site in a stream outside the RMD that receives less pesticides. Acute toxicity to D. magna was observed only once in a sample from the RMD (Cano Azul); the index of biomaiker responses in fish exposed in situ was higher than controls at the same site and at the RMD-Freeman. However, only macroinvertebrates were statistically related to the presence of pesticides, combined with both physical-chemical parameters and habitat degradation. All three groups of variables determined the distribution of macroinvertebrate taxa through the study sites.
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| 16. |
- Fridolf, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Människors gånghastighet i rök: Förslag tillrepresentation vid brandteknisk projektering
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is limited information about the behavior and movement of people in case of fireevacuation in smoke-filled environments, and there is limited guidance on how peoples’walking speed in smoke can and should be represented in the fire safety design process.In this report, a literature review within this area, and a subsequent recommendation onhow to represent walking speed in both smoke-free and smoke-filled environments ispresented. The recommendation includes three different methods to represent the peoples’walking speed in a life safety verification, depending on how the treatment ofuncertainties is done on an overall level within the analysis. Finally, in the end of thereport, a direction for future research in order to reduce the current uncertainties ispresented.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Norén, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Ascending Stair Evacuation – effects of fatigue, walking speed & human behaviour
- 2015
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Ingår i: Human Behaviour in fire : 6th International Symposium - 6th International Symposium. - 9780993393303 ; , s. 161-172
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Field study of evacuation upwards long stairs, ascending evacuation, in two different buildings, 48 meters and 109 meters high. Measuring walking speed along the stair slope and vertical speed. Presenting values for different percentiles of the studied population. The importance of not using the same value for walking speed for different stairs since the design of the stairs has a strong impact, and that the vertical speed ought to be considered as well.
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| 19. |
- Ronchi, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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A fire safety assessment approach for evacuation analysis in underground physics research facilities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fire Safety Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-7112. ; 108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces an integrated approach for evacuation assessment of nuclear physics research facilities exposed to fire risk. The approach combines the use of a simplified egress modelling method and advanced agent-based simulations of evacuation. An integrated multi-model approach is proposed here given the varying level of complexity concerning evacuation safety in underground physics facilities. This paper introduces a simplified probabilistic egress model based on existing hand calculations for 1D smoke spread modelling and it suggests a procedure for its combined use with advanced agent-based evacuation simulations. This includes the use of the outputs of the simplified egress model in underground smoke-filled portions of underground nuclear research facilities (e.g. tunnel arcs) as an input for complex agent-based evacuation simulations in the underground access shafts. An exemplary application of the integrated approach is presented for the simulation of a set of hypothetical fire risk scenarios in the Future Circular Collider (FCC) at CERN. This approach is deemed to facilitate fire evacuation safety assessment in underground physics research facilities by optimizing the simulation of relevant fire risk scenarios. A discussion on the advantages and implications of the use of an integrated approach in comparison with other safety assessment methods is presented.
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| 20. |
- Ronchi, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Ascending evacuation in long stairways: Physical exertion, walking speed and behaviour
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is the final report of the project “Ascending evacuation in long stairways: Physical exertion, walking speed and behaviour”. This project investigated the effects of fatigue on walking speeds, physiological performance and behaviours in case of long ascending evacuation. The report includes a literature review on, at the time when the project began, existing material on ascending evacuation on long stairs and escalators. Experimental research was conducted and the results are presented in the report. This includes two set of experiments on human performance during ascending evacuation in long stairs. In addition, an individual and group experiment was performed to investigate the performance of people during an ascending evacuation on a long stopped escalator. One laboratory experiment was conducted on a stair machine and a methodology to link the laboratory and the field experiments has been presented. Results include walking speeds, physiological measures of physical exertion (oxygen consumption, heart rates and electromyography data), perceived exertion and behavioural observations. Results show that physical work capacity affect walking speeds in case of long ascending evacuation and it should be considered while using long ascending evacuation in engineering design. The analysis of both walking and vertical speeds is recommended since it provides additional insights on the impact of stair configuration on vertical displacement. The novel datasets presented in this report are deemed to provide useful information for fire safety engineers both for assisting fire safety design as well as the calibration of evacuation modelling tools. A new prediction model for the representation of physical exertion in relation to physiological data, i.e., maximal oxygen consumption, has been developed and presented. This model allows predicting the time that a person can walk upwards at a certain pace in relation to physical exertion and human physical work capacity.
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| 21. |
- Thompson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Determining evacuation capability with biomechanical data
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experimental data on single file pedestrian movement has been analysed andimplemented in a prototype movement model. The prototype model is developed topredict movement of persons based on a first principle approach using basic populationdata such as age, height, gender and response time to adapt the walking speed in a crowd.The experimental data provide the biomechanical information needed in the model. Theintention with the new approach is to present a predictive capability for the future as aconsequence of the identified demographical changes observed in today's society.
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