| 1. |
- Canales, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression profiling in the stem of young maritime pine trees : detection of ammonium stress-responsive genes in the apex
- 2011
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Ingår i: Trees. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0931-1890 .- 1432-2285. ; 26:2, s. 609-619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shoots of young conifer trees represent an interesting model to study the development and growth of conifers from meristematic cells in the shoot apex to differentiated tissues at the shoot base. In this work, microarray analysis was used to monitor contrasting patterns of gene expression between the apex and the base ofmaritime pine shoots. A group of differentially expressed genes were selected and validated by examining their relative expression levels in different sections along thestem, from the top to the bottom. After validation of the microarray data, additional geneexpression analyses were also performed in the shoots of young maritime pine treesexposed to different levels of ammonium nutrition. Our results show that the apex ofmaritime pine trees is extremely sensitive to conditions of ammonium excess or deficiency, as revealed by the observed changes in the expression of stress-responsivegenes. This new knowledge may be used to precocious detection of early symptoms of nitrogen nutritional stresses, thereby increasing survival and growth rates of young treesin managed forests.
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| 2. |
- Ariza, David, et al.
(författare)
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Electrical Conduction Currents Prior to Negative Streamer Inception in Mineral-Oil/Solid Interfaces
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1070-9878 .- 1558-4135. ; 28, s. 1300-1307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is an experimental study of the electrical conduction of mineral-oil/solid interfaces in negative polarity. This study is performed in a point-plane configuration immersed in mineral oil submitted to impulse voltages. The interface is assembled with an inclined solid in contact with the point electrode tip. Charge recordings and conduction currents of different combinations of mineral-oil/solid interfaces are reported. Different polymers and oil-impregnated papers are used as the solid materials. It is found that for voltages lower than the inception voltage, the injection of charge belongs to a weak injection regime. The spatial limitation with solids of similar permittivity as the mineral oil decreases the charge injection. The charge injection at mineral-oil/solid interfaces follow two conduction current type characteristics. Experiments with mineral-oil/PTFE interface shows the existence of a transition between both conduction current types if the applied voltage is increased.
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| 3. |
- Ariza, David, et al.
(författare)
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First Mode Negative Streamers along Mineral Oil-solid Interfaces
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation. - : IEEE. - 1070-9878 .- 1558-4135. ; 24:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document presents an experimental study on the propagation of first mode negative streamers along mineral oil-solid interfaces. Samples made of an oil impregnated kraft paper and a low-porosity paper made from cellulosic micro and nano fibrils, as well as different polymeric films (low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)) are used as the solid. A comparison of the length, charge and velocity of streamers for all different mineral oil-solid interfaces is reported. It is shown that streamers propagate longer and faster along mineral oil-solid interfaces with low surface roughness, low porosity and higher electrical permittivity than mineral oil. Those streamers show a quasi-continuous injection of charge in the early stage of their propagation. This quasi-continuous charge injection consists of a sequence of small charge steps separated by few tens of nanoseconds in between. In comparison, the streamers that propagate along surfaces with similar permittivity to the mineral oil have lower injection of charge and higher stopping voltage conditions than streamers propagating free in the liquid without any solid barrier.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ariza, David, et al.
(författare)
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First-Mode of Negative Streamers: Inception at Liquid/Solid Interfaces
- 2021
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Ingår i: High Voltage. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 2397-7264.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental study of the inception of the first-mode negative streamer at liquid/solid interfaces is presented in this article. The study is performed with a point-plane configuration under square high voltage pulses. The electrode configuration is immersed in mineral oil and the liquid/solid interface is assembled in contact with the point electrode or in its vicinity. Four polymers and two impregnated papers have been tested as solids of the liquid/solid interface. Thus, it is possible to compare the influence of different parameter of the solid and the interface on the streamer inception. For example: Permittivity, solid surface roughness, chemical composition, etc. It has been observed that streamer inception voltages at interfaces with solids of higher permittivity to that of the mineral oil are statistically similar. Additionally, streamer inception voltages of streamer initiated free in the oil (no liquid/solid interface) are similar to that of the inception voltage of cases with solids with high permittivity. In contrast, the inception voltage of streamers initiated at permittivity matched interfaces are shown to be highest of the cases. The streamer inception voltage is also studied for different distances between the liquid/solid interface and the point electrode with a permittivity matched interface. The results show a dependency of the inception voltage and the distance between the point electrode and the interface. Finally, an analysis of the observation is performed to show that the Townsend-Meek criterion cannot predict the obtained results.
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| 6. |
- Ariza, David, et al.
(författare)
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Inception of first mode negative streamers at liquid/solid interfaces
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an experimental study on the inception of first mode negative streamers at different mineral-oil/solid interfaces. This study is performed with a point-plane configuration immersed in mineral oil (point cathode). The mineral-oil/solid interface is done by assembling a solid in an inclined position into the point-plane gap. The solid is in contact (or in the proximity) with the point electrode tip. The tested solids are a kraft paper, a paper made from cellulosic micro and nano fibrils and different polymeric films (low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)). These solids have different relative permittivity and structural composition. It is found that the streamer inception voltage is statistically similar for the cases with solids with higher permittivity than mineral oil. The streamer inception voltage for the case without any solid barrier is also statistically similar to the cases with solids with higher permittivity than mineral oil. It is also found that the inception voltage is higher for streamers initiated at permittivity-matched interfaces (cases with LDPE and PTFE). Additionally, the influence of the spatial limitation with the solid surface to the volume where the streamer initiation process takes is performed with PTFE by varying the distance between the point electrode and the solid surface. It is shown that the streamer inception voltage depends on the distance between the point electrode and the solid surface. Furthermore, It is observed that the streamer inception voltage is also influenced when the distance between the point electrode and the surface of the PTFE is several micrometers (twenty times longer than the penetration depth of the avalanche responsible of streamer initiation). Additionally, it is also shown that a recently-proposed streamer inception criterion is unsuitable to predict the streamer inception conditions close to permittivity matched and mismatched liquid/solid interfaces.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ariza, David, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Paper Properties on Streamers Creeping in Mineral Oil
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids. - : IEEE. - 2153-3725 .- 2153-3733.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents an experimental study ofsecond mode positive streamers propagating along mineral oilpaperinterfaces. A point-plane arrangement immersed inmineral oil with the paper inclined 60 degrees to the planeelectrode is used to create the liquid-solid interface. Kraft paperand a kraft fibril paper, made from cellulosic micro and nanofibrils, with higher density and lower surface roughness are usedas the solid materials. High speed shadowgraphy and chargerecordings are used to compare the propagation of second modepositive streamers along the mineral oil-kraft paper and mineraloil-kraft fibril paper. Streamers creeping along the mineral oilkraftpaper interface propagate mainly into the liquid, with oneor two main filaments. In comparison, the streamers propagatingalong the kraft fibril paper show a strong reduction of thebranching; these streamers consist of a single filament thatpropagates exactly on the solid surface. Streamers along the kraftfibril paper also have longer propagation time than for the casewith kraft paper. Mutual electrostatic shielding betweenfilaments is observed for the streamers creeping on the kraftpaper. An electrostatic analysis of the influence of permittivity,density and surface roughness of the solid in the electricalproperties of the streamer filaments is also performed.
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| 10. |
- Ariza, David, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of the charge of streamers propagating along transformer oil-solid interfaces
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids, ICDL 2014. - : IEEE. - 9781479920631 ; , s. 6893165-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an experimental study of the positive streamer charge in transformer oil and oil-solid interfaces in a point-plane gap (5mm) under impulse voltage 50ns\1800μs (maximum peak voltage 24 kV). The experiment is intended to compare the charge of streamers propagating in transformer oil with and without a solid barrier along their path. The solid barrier constricting the streamer volume consists of two parallel strips of either impregnated pressboard or a polymeric film (PA6) installed at both sides of the point electrode. The maximum cumulative charge of the streamer is found for the case when the impregnated pressboard is used and the minimum cumulative charge for the case of the polymer as a barrier.
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| 11. |
- Ariza, David, 1985-
(författare)
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On the inception and propagation of streamers along mineral-oil/solid interfaces
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents an experimental study of positive and negativestreamers propagating along mineral-oil/solid interfaces under square highvoltage pulses. The thesis includes the design and construction of anexperimental setup to studying the streamers in a point-plane configurationcapable to detect streamer parameters such as velocity, length, propagationtime, emitted light and charge.The first part of this experimental study is devoted to the analysis of thestreamer inception at mineral-oil/solid interfaces under negative polarity. Thestreamer inception voltage and charge recordings are reported for eachmineral-oil/solid interface. It is found that only solids with a permittivitysimilar to that of mineral oil can influence the streamer inception voltage.Solids with matched permittivity such as LDPE and PTFE increase the inceptionvoltage. The cases with solids with higher permittivity than mineral oil havesimilar inception voltage as the streamer incepted in the liquid bulk withoutsolid. The second part is devoted to studying the propagation of first mode negativestreamers along different mineral-oil/solid interfaces. A comparison of theelectrical and physical properties of the streamers (e.g. charge, length,velocity, etc.) is presented. Solid samples with different chemical compositionand different physical properties are used. The solid samples are anoil-impregnated kraft paper and an low-porosity paper referred to as kraftfibril paper made from cellulosic micro and nano fibrils. Polymeric films madeof low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET),polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are also usedas the solid. Streamers propagating along the liquid/solid interface arecompared with streamers developing in mineral oil without solid. Streamerspropagate longer and faster along solids with low surface roughness, lowporosity and higher electrical permittivity than mineral oil showing aquasi-continuous injection of charge in the early stage of propagation.The third part of the experimental study deals with second mode positivestreamers propagating along mineral-oil/solid interfaces. The inception andpropagation of the streamer are investigated using different mineral-oil/solidinterfaces. Measurements of the streamer velocity, charge, stopping length,propagation time, together with light recordings and shadowgraphs are reported.It is found that the interface can influence the streamer inception voltage,branching, stopping length, velocity, charge and current. Properties of thesolid and of the interface (i.e. surface roughness, permittivity, wettability)are parameters that influence the streamer propagation.
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| 12. |
- Ariza, David, et al.
(författare)
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On the initiation of negative streamers at mineral oil-solid interfaces
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467374989 ; , s. 563-565
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the probability distribution of negative streamers initiated in mineral oil with and without a solid interface. In addition, the charge injected by conduction currents prior to the streamer inception is presented. Impregnated paper and polymeric films made of PET, PTFE and PVDF are tested as solid materials. Comparison of the conduction charge for the different oil-solid interfaces is presented. It is found that the permittivity of the material used at the solid interface does not influence significantly the condition for streamer initiation in mineral oil. A nonlinear increasing of the charge readings for the impregnated paper, PET and PVDF cases are observed.
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| 13. |
- Ariza, David, et al.
(författare)
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Positive streamers : inception and propagation along mineral-oil/solid interfaces
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics Communications. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 2399-6528. ; 4:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an experimental characterization of the prebreakdown phenomena in liquid/solid interfaces. The characterization is devoted to the 2nd mode positive streamers initiated and propagated along interfaces of mineral-oil and solids with different chemical composition and physical properties. Polymers of low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and papers made of kraft paper and a kraft fibril paper (made from cellulosic micro and nano fibrils), lignin-free paper and paper with high lignin content (referred to as k107 kraft paper) are used as the solid to study their influence on the streamer inception and propagation. The streamers are initiated at the interface by applying steps of voltage to a point-plane electrode arrangement with a solid (dielectric barrier) into the gap. The solid is placed diagonal to the oil gap and near to the point electrode. Shadowgraphs, charge and light intensity recordings are obtained during the inception and propagation of the streamers. Thus, estimations of the streamer length, velocity, current and average charge, are also presented. A time delay has been observed before the initiation of the streamer. This delay is probably correlated to the initiation process and formation of the gaseous phase of the streamer near to the interface. The threshold propagation voltage of the 2nd mode streamers at mineral-oil/solid interfaces is shown to be independent of the interface. However, the inception voltage is highly influenced by the interface. Additionally, the observed characteristics of streamers propagation (e.g. current, length, velocity, etc) along the tested interfaces cannot be fully explained by a capacitive coupling effect (permittivity mismatch). This open a discussion for the possibility that properties of the solid such as chemical composition, wettability and surface roughness can influence the streamer propagation.
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| 14. |
- Ariza, David, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Propagation of negative streamers along mineral oil-solid interfaces
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 CEIDP Conference on Electrical insulation and Dielectric phenomena, CEIDP 2015. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 566-569
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces an experimental study on the propagation of negative streamers along mineral oil-solid interfaces. A standard type of impregnated paper and different polymeric films (made of PET, PTFE and PVDF) are selected as solid materials immersed in mineral oil. The effect of the solid material on the streamer propagation along the interface formed with transformer oil is studied. Streamer velocities classified as first mode propagation point cathode are reported. Voltage gradient of the streamer channel and its stopping voltage are calculated for all the cases. Comparison of streamer charge and stopping length propagation are reported.
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| 15. |
- Ariza, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Second Mode Positive Streamers Propagating Along Mineral-oil/solid Interfaces
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents an experimental study on second mode positive streamers propagating along mineral-oil/solid interfaces. The inception and propagation of these streamers is investigated with different impregnated solids (low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), two papers referred to as kraft paper and a kraft fibril paper, made from cellulosic micro and nano fibrils, a lignin-free paper and a paper with high lignin content referred to as k107 kraft paper). Streamers are initiated in a point-plane configuration under step voltages with 35 ns rise time. The radius of the tip is 2.9 μm and the solid is installed in an inclined position in close contact to the point electrode. Shadowgraphs, charge and light recording of the streamers are reported for each case. Furthermore, estimations of the streamer stopping length, velocity, current and average charge are reported. It is found that the streamer inception is influenced by the solid interface indicating that the inception process is not only conditioned by the field at the tip but also by the interface. A time delay is observed before the initiation of the streamer and probably correlated with the initiation process and formation of the gaseous phase. Additionally, the threshold propagation voltage of the second mode streamers at mineral-oil/solid interfaces is shown to be independent of the interface. It is also shown that the different characteristics of streamers propagating along the tested interfaces cannot be fully explained by the capacitive coupling effect due to permittivity mismatch. Thus, it is suggested that the characteristics of streamers propagating near interfaces is affected by other properties of the solid such as chemical composition, wettability and surface roughness.
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| 16. |
- Ariza-Miguel, Jaime, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular investigation of tularemia outbreaks, Spain, 1997-2008
- 2014
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 20:5, s. 754-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tularemia outbreaks occurred in northwestern Spain in 1997-1998 and 2007-2008 and affected >1,000 persons. We assessed isolates involved in these outbreaks by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with 2 restriction enzymes and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of 16 genomic loci of Francisella tularensis, the cause of this disease. Isolates were divided into 3 pulsotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and 8 allelic profiles by multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis. Isolates obtained from the second tularemia outbreak had the same genotypes as isolates obtained from the first outbreak. Both outbreaks were caused by genotypes of genetic subclade B.Br:FTNF002-00, which is widely distributed in countries in central and western Europe. Thus, reemergence of tularemia in Spain was not caused by the reintroduction of exotic strains, but probably by persistence of local reservoirs of infection.
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| 17. |
- Ariza Rocha, Oscar David, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic rating assists cost-effective expansion of wind farms by utilizing the hidden capacity of transformers
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. - : Elsevier. - 0142-0615 .- 1879-3517. ; 123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic rating of power transmission devices is a technology that allows better equipment utilization through real-time monitoring of the weather conditions and the load. Dynamic rating of transformers is a fairly new technology if compared to the dynamic rating of power lines, and has a high potential for significantly improving component utilization while lowering investment costs on installing new transformers.The following work investigates how to utilize already operational transformers, which are used for wind farm connection, for expanding wind generation capacity. Also, this paper shows improvements that dynamic transformer rating can bring to both power grid operators and wind farm owners by exploring the economic benefits of expanding wind parks without investing in new power transformers. Connecting additional wind turbines at sites with high wind potential after the wind park is already in exploitation can assist in lowering electricity price and provide a possibility of less risky investment in the wind energy sector. This paper uses transformer thermal modelling and wind farm expansion techniques such as convolution method and product method to investigate to which extent existing wind farms can be expanded using already installed transformer units.Five transformer locations and nine units are studied for finding the potential of dynamic transformer rating for network expansion applications. The analysis shows that the optimal expansion of wind power from a generator perspective is around 30%" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: normal; font-size: 16.2px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;">% to 50%" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: normal; font-size: 16.2px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;">%, although, it can be limited further by network restrictions. A possibility to use a large component, such as power transformer, closer to its full potential can provide material and cost savings for building new devices and decrease investment costs on manufacturing, transportation and installation of new units. Dynamic rating of power transformers can also increase the socio-economic benefits of renewable energy by lowering electricity price from renewables and incentivize an increased share of green power in electricity markets.
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| 18. |
- Ariza Rocha, Oscar David, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic rating assists cost-effective expansion of wind farms byutilizing hidden capacity of transformers
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dynamic rating of power transmission devices is a technology that allows better equipment utilization through real-time information about the system state. Dynamic rating of transformers is a fairly new technology if compared to dynamic rating of power lines, and has high potential for significantly improving component utilization while lowering investment costs on installing new transformers.Dynamic transformer rating increases the rating of the transformer considering load and temperature variations without affecting safe operation. Dynamic rating is highly suitable for being used in conjunction with renewable energy generation, specifically wind power. The following work investigates how to utilize existing transformers, which are under exploitation at wind farms, for expanding wind generation capacity. Also, this paper shows improvements that dynamic rating can bring to both power grid operators and wind farm owners by exploring the economic benefits of expanding wind parks while using dynamic rating. Connecting additional wind turbines with the same transformer at sites with high wind capacity after the wind park is already in exploitation can assist in lowering electricity price and provide a possibility of less risky investment in wind power.Five transformer locations and nine units are studied for finding the potential of dynamic transformer rating for network expansion applications. The analysis shows that the optimal expansion of wind power from a generator perspective is around 30 % to 50 %, although, it can be limited further by network restrictions. A possibility to use a large device, suchas power transformer, closer to its full potential can provide material and cost savings for building new devices and decrease investment costs on manufacturing, transportation and installation of new units. Dynamic rating of power transformers can also increase the socio-economic benefits of renewable energy by lowering electricity price from renewables and incentivize an increased share of green power in electricity markets.
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| 19. |
- Barcelo, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and culture of strawberry protoplasts and field evaluation of regenerated plants
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : ELSEVIER. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protoplasts are an useful biotechnological tool for plant improvement In strawberry, very few studies on protoplast technology have been carried out. In this investigation, a procedure for the isolation and culture of strawberry protoplasts, cv. 'Chandler', has been developed. The effect of several factors affecting the successful isolation of protoplasts and formation of microcalli, e.g. explant source, washing procedure, hormonal composition of the culture medium and protoplast density, were evaluated. For shoot regeneration, microcalli derived from isolated protoplasts were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l(-1) NAA and either 5 mg l(-1) BA or 3 mgl(-1) TDZ, obtaining a similar regeneration rate, 17%, in both media. Twenty-one independent protoclones were transferred to field conditions for agronomic evaluation. Significant alterations in the growth habit, density of foliage, leaf color and leaf morphology were detected in some lines. Fruit yield was significantly reduced in 15 out of the 21 protoclones evaluated due to a reduction in fruit weight and/or the number of fruits. Ploidy level was unaffected in a sample of 6 lines selected at random; however, a study of genetic stability by using 10 EST-SSR markers showed genetic alterations in all the lines analyzed. Despite the high rate of somaclonal variation detected in the protoclones, some of the lines displayed an agronomical behavior similar to control plants, indicating that this protocol could be useful for genetic improvement in this species.
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| 20. |
- Hollertz, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Dielectric Response of Kraft Paper from Fibres Modified by Silica Nanoparticles
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA (CEIDP). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467374989 ; , s. 459-462
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Papers have been prepared from fibres that were modified by physical adsorption of silica nanoparticles. Cationic and anionic nanoparticles were adsorbed either directly onto wood fibres or using the layer-by-Iayer (LbL) technique where silica nanoparticles and a polyelectrolyte of opposite charge were adsorbed in consecutive layers. It was shown that it is possible to tailor the dielectric and mechanical properties of kraft paper by utilizing the pH-dependence of the charge density of both the nanoparticles and the polyelectrolyte during the build-up of layers onto wood fibres. With only one layer of cationic silica nanoparticles, 6.0 wt% of nanoparticles were adsorbed at pH 6, leading to almost complete coverage of the wood fibre surface, resulting in a paper with low dielectric losses and improved in-plane tensile properties.
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