| 1. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
-
Combination rules in multiple-cue probability learning : II, performance, confidence and development of rules
- 1976
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, B-Å., and Armelius, K. Combination rules in multiple-cue probability learning. II. Performance, confidence and development of rules. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 101, 1976. - Subjects' use of combination rules was studied in five two-cue multiple-cue probability learning tasks with varying degrees of predictability. Subjects were asked to state how they made their predictions at different times during the experiment. 70 % of the subjects formulated systematic and consistent combination rules, while the remaining 30 % formur lated rules that were incomplete or inconsistent. The verbal statements were found to account for the subject's actual judgments in 86 % of the cases. About 50 % of the rules were single rules, with one rule coveming the complete cue matrix and the rest were multiple rules with different rules being used for different parts of the cue matrix. Performance and confidence were higher for subjects who had formulated systematic combination rules. The results of the experiment were analyzed in terms of a two-stage model for inference behavior. According to this model subjects sample their first combination rule from a hierarchy of hypotheses about relations between cues and criterion. Frequent hypotheses in that hierarchy seem to be average, sum and difference of the two cue values. In the second stage subjects test their hypotheses or develop them through their experience with the task. In the present experiment there was some evidence that subjects using multiple rules construct their rules on the basis of their experience with the task, especially in tasks with high predictability.
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| 2. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Combination rules in multiple-cue probability learning : I, relation to task charateristics and performance
- 1976
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, B-Å., and Armelius, K. Combination rules in multiple cue probability learning I. Relation to task characteristics and performance. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 99, 1976. - The rules used by subjects in multiple cue probability learning (MCPL) was investigated by means of verbal reports given by subjects at the end of learning of a two cue MCPL-task. Eight tasks varied factorially with respect to task predictability, cue-criterion correlations and the sign of the cue intercorre-lation. In addition there were two orthogonal tasks. 47 of the 100 subjects gave verbal descriptions that were classified as inconsistent or incomplete, 7 were classified as a single rule i.e., the same rule was used for all cue combinations, and 4-6 were classified as multiple rulesi.e., different rules were used for different parts of the cue matrix 77 % of the 53 combination rules were found to account for the systematic variance in subjects responses. While performance was related to the characteristics of the tasks, the frequency of combination rules was not. Subjects with multiple rules reached the highest level of performance and subjects with a single rule the lowest. It was concluded that the formulation of combination rules is important for performance in MCPL. Futher developments of the method to extract combination rules were discussed.
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| 3. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Confidence and performance in probabilistic inference tasks with intercorrelated cues
- 1976
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, B-Å, and Amelius, K. Confidence and performance in probabilistic inference tasks with intercorrelated cues. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 96, 1976. - The relation between confidence and subjects' beliefs about their performance as well as their actual performance was studied in five two-cue MCPL-tasks. The tasks varied with respect to task predictability. The results were that confidence was strongly related to believed performance, but not to actual performance. The lack of relation between believed and actual performance was interpreted as support for the notion that subjects know very little about their performance in MCPL-tasks. Confidence was also perfectly related to task predictability, while performance was not. This may in certain tasks cause an illusion of achievement, i.e. subjects feel more confident than their performance allows them to.
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| 4. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
-
Detection of cue intercorrelation and cue validities in a multiple-cue judgment task with a suppressor cue
- 1973
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arnelius, B., & Armelius, K. Detection of cue inter correlation and cue validities in a multiple-cue judgment task with a suppressor cue. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 74, 1973. - The subjects detection of cue intercor-relation, rij, and cue validities, rei, was tested after completion of a learning task with three levels of rij (.00, .40 and .80). The detection was tested by means of reproduction of rij in one test condition and rei in another. The reproduced rij values in the two redundant conditions closely matched the values of the learning tasks. There were, however, no differences among reproduced rij values which was explained as a positive set in the rij = .00 condition. The reproduced rij values were generally close to the rei values of the task with the exception of the non-valid cue for the rij = .00 condition, which was greatly overestimated. The conclusion was that the poor performance in suppressor variable tasks is due to the subjects inability to adjust the weights given to the cues, rather than to poor learning of rij and rei.
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| 5. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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En naturalistisk studie av 14000 svenska missbruksklienter baserad på Addiction Severity Index
- 2011
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Ingår i: Missbruket, kunskapen, vården. - Stockholm : Fritzes. - 9789138235256 ; , s. 97-167
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studien bygger på 14 000 grundintervjuer och 3 000 uppföljningsintervjuer med klienter vid 50 olika enheter för missbruksvård i Sverige, som har intervjuats med ASI-intervjun. Intervjuarskattningar av problem visar att problemen är störst med alkohol, följt av problem med psykisk hälsa, narkotika, arbete/försörjning, familj/umgänge, fysisk hälsa och kriminalitet. Dominerande problemdrog är alkohol (57 procent), narkotika (37 procent) och båda (6 procent). Indikationer på tungt missbruk och svår psykisk störning togs fram för ASI-data och enligt dessa uppvisar 17 procent av klienterna tungt narkotikamissbruk, 13 procent tungt alkoholmissbruk och 2 procent både tungt narkotika- och tungt alkoholmissbruk. Svår psykisk störning indikeras av 28 procent av klienterna. Skillnader mellan män och kvinnor är små. Yngre missbrukare har en betydligt sämre social situation, mer narkotikaproblem och mer problem med psykisk hälsa. Klienterna har delats in i tre åtskilda men homogena problemprofiler. En knapp tredjedel av klienterna har fått behandling för sitt missbruk någon gång medan drygt hälften har fått behandling i psykiatrin. Behandling för alkoholproblem är något vanligare för män, medan behandling för psykiska problem är vanligare för kvinnor. Klienter med tungt missbruk eller svår psykisk störning har fått behandling oftare än andra. Drygt 20 procent av klienterna har följts upp efter ca ett år. Störst förbättring sker inom alkohol där nästan hälften av klienterna uppvisar en reliabel förbättring. Inom psykisk hälsa är det drygt 40 procent och inom narkotika drygt 30 procent som förbättras.
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| 6. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
-
Integration rules in a multiple-cue probability learning task with intercorrelated cues
- 1975
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, B., and Armelius, K. Integratici miles in a multiple-cue probability learning task with intercorrelated cues. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 80, 1975. - The question of hew the subjects use the cues in multiple-cue probability learning tasks was studied by having the subjects fill in a questionnaire asking than to describe how they had made their predictions. The questionnaire was given after the subjects had completed their learning of a two-cue suppressor variable task for 100 trials. For 19 of the subjects it was possible to formulate a model on the basis of their verbal report. The models were classified as a) linear models b) configurai models or c) estimated weights models. The correlation between the responses generated by the model and the actual responses was computed for each subject. Goodness of fit of the models was found to be quite satisfactory. The results of the learning phase shewed that ten subjects reached a performance higher than that expected if they only utilized the information provided by the cue criterion correlations. Performance was highest for subjects using a linear model, while the achievement was low for subjects using an estimated weights model due to the low consistency. The performance of subjects using configurai models was relatively poor due to the low validity of the configurai models in the present task. When •the validity of the models was taken into account, however, the configurai nodels were found to be as easy to follow as the linear models. The conclusions were that it is possible to use the verbal reports given by the subjects to study the strategies employed by the subjects in MCPL tasks, and that it is necessary to do so since very different psychological processes may be expressed in the game mathematical model.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Armelius, Kerstin, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Confidence in multiple-cue judgments as a function of cue intercorrelation and task predictability
- 1975
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, K., & Armelius, B-Å. The hypothesis that the subjects' confidence is a direct function of the cue intercorrelation, rij, in a pure judgmental task, was tested in a two-cue MCPL experiment where the cue interearrelation and total task predictability, Re2, were inversely related. The hypothesis was supported.When the subjects received no feedback confidence was determined by rij. However, when the subjectsreceived feedback the effects of rij. on confidence was, as predicted, reduced in the direction of Re2 .
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| 9. |
- Armelius, Kerstin, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
-
Detection of cue intercorrelation in multiple-cue probability learning
- 1975
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, K., and Armelius, B-Å. Detection of cueintercorrelation in multiple cue probability learning.Umeå Psychological Reports No. 84, 1975. - Detection of cue intercorrelation, rij, was tested in ten twocueMCPL tasks after completion of a Learning stage.The values of rij ranged from -.8O to .80. The cuecriterion correlations, rei, and the predictability of the tasks, Re2, were factorially combined. The results showed a positive linear relation between the subjective and the objective values of rij. The values of rij were, however, underestimated by about 50%. These results were consistent with previous studies on thedetection of rij. There was no relation between detection of rij and performance or any of the task parameters rei or Re2.
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| 10. |
- Armelius, Kerstin, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
-
Note on the effects of cue-criterion correlations, cue intercorrelation and the sign of the cue intercorrelation on confidence in multiple-cue probability learning
- 1975
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, K., and Armelius, B-Å. Note on the effects of cue-criterion correlations, cue intercorrelation and the sign of the cue intercorrelation on confidence in multiple-cue probability learning. Umeå Psychological Reports, No. 83, 1975. - The subjects' confidence in the correctness of their judgments was investigated in a two-cue MCPL-experiment, where the cue-criterion correlations,as well as the sign and magnitude of the intercorrelation between the cues were systematically varied. The results showed that even though the subjects' performance was influenced by the task parameters, their confidence was not. The subjects' confidence was low, and there were no differences among conditions. In view of the finding that performance was generally low and that all tasks were considered as equally difficult, an explanation for the result might be that the five-point rating scale used to measure confidence was too insensitive and that the criterion for correctness was too strict.
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| 11. |
- Armelius, Kerstin, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
-
Redundancy and inference behavior
- 1976
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, K., and Armelius, B-Å. Redundancy and inference behavior. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 102, 1976. -Within MCPL research redundancy has been treated as synonymous with intercorrelation among cues. As shown in the present paper this definition of redundancy is inadequate, and a definition of redundancy based on Brunswik' s conceptual frame-work and made in analogy with the definition of redundancy in information theory was proposed. Redundancy was defined as the difference between the sum of all squared correlations and the squared multiple correlation. That is, when the intercorrelation between cues does not contribute to the predictable variance in the criterion the task is redundant. When the cue intercorrelation does contribute to the predictable variance in the criterion the task was defined as a suppressor task. Some implications of this view of probabilistic inference tasks for research were discussed in the paper.
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| 12. |
- Armelius, Kerstin, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of cue-criterion correlations, cue intercorrelations and the sign of the cue intercorrelation on performance in suppressor variable tasks
- 1975
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arraelius, K., and Armelius, B. The effect of cue-criterion correlations, cue intercorrelations and the sign of the cue intercorrelation on performance in suppressor variable tasks. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 81, 1975. - The subjects' performance was investigated in a two-cue MCPL-experiment with a 2 (Cue-criterion correlations, rel = .60 and .80) a 2 (Total task predictability, Re2 = 1.00 and .70) x 2 (Sign of rij) x 5 (Blocks) factorial design. The difference in in Re2 was due entirely to an increase in the cue2intercorrelation, rij. Effects of Re2 on performance were therefore interpreted as effects of the cueintercorrelation. Two control conditions, with orthogonal cues and the same values of rei as in the experimental conditions, were included in the design. Subject consistency was directly related to the cue-criterion correlations and the cue-judgment beta-weights were directly related to the magnitude of thecue intercorrelation. The sign of rij determined the level of consistency.
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| 13. |
- Granberg, Åke, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-image pattern and treatment outcome in severely disturbed psychiatric patients
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The relationship between patients’ initial ratings of their self-image and theoutcome of long-term psychiatric treatment was studied in a five -year followupstudy. The subjects were severely disturbed psychiatric patients, mainlyschizophrenics, treated in small treatment homes. A comparison was madebetween patients with a psychotic personality organization (PPO patients) anda non-psychotic personality organization (non-PPO patients), classifiedaccording to Kernberg’s (1981) criteria. Self-image was assessed with theintroject surface of Benjamin’s SASB (Structural Analysis of Social Behavior)model and two self-image patterns were computed: a positive-negative patternand a control-autonomy pattern. Two outcome measures (expressed as EffectSize) were used: subjective outcome was a combination of self-rated methods andjudged outcome was a combination of observer ratings. The relationshipbetween the two self-image patterns and outcome depended both on thepatients’ diagnosis and type of outcome. Judged outcome could not bepredicted from the self-image for the PPO patients; for the non-PPO patientsmore improvement was related to more self-control. For both patient groupssubjective outcome was related to a more negative self-image; however, thisrelationship was much stronger in the non-PPO group.
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| 14. |
- Lundgren, Lena M, et al.
(författare)
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Beskriving av tre klientprofiler inom svensk missbruksvård
- 2012
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Ingår i: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - Umeå : Förbundet för forskning i socialt arbete (FORSA). - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; 19:3/4, s. 200-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En klusteranalys av intervjuarskattningar från ASI-intervjuns sju olika livsområden för 12833 klienter visade att klienterna kan delas in i tre olika klientprofiler: Narkotikaprofil, Avgränsade alkoholproblem och Alkohol och psykiska problem. I artikeln jämförs de tre profilerna med avseende på missbruksmönster, demografiska faktorer, sociala och psykiska problem, hälsa och immigrationsstatus.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Padyab, Mojgan, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Is Clinical Assessment of Addiction Severity of Individuals with Substance UseDisorder, Using the Addiction Severity Index, A Predictor of Future InpatientMental Health Hospitalization? A Nine-Year Registry Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Dual Diagnosis. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1550-4263 .- 1550-4271. ; 14:3, s. 187-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In Sweden, the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) is the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare's recommended substance use disorder assessment tool and used routinely for patient intakes. Our study of 213 individuals assessed for substance use disorder with the ASI used nine years of the National Patient Register and examined whether clinical social workers' assessments of addiction severity at baseline were associated with later hospitalizations for mental health disorder (MHD). Methods: ASI composite scores and interviewer severity rating were used to measure clients' problems in seven areas (mental health, family and social relationships, employment, alcohol, drug use, health, and legal) at baseline. A stepwise regression method was used to assess the relative importance of ASI composite scores, MHD hospitalization two years prior to baseline, age, and gender for MHD hospitalization seven years post-baseline. Results: Almost two-thirds of the individuals (63%) were hospitalized at least once for MHD in the seven years post-baseline. At the multivariable level, MHD hospitalization prior to baseline was the strongest predictor of future MHD hospitalization, followed by ASI composite scores for drug use, employment, mental health and, last, male gender. Conclusions: A key finding is that higher ASI composite scores for drug use and mental health are predictors of future need for MHD treatment. Future studies will replicate this effort with a national population of individuals with substance use disorder.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Armelius, Kerstin, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Interpersonal complementarity - self-rated behaviour by normal and antisocial adolescents with a liked and a disliked peer
- 2007
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Ingår i: Interpersona. - Vitória, ES : International Center for Interpersonal Relationship Research. - 1981-6472. ; 1:2, s. 99-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The principle of complementarity in interpersonal theory and the SASB model (Structural Analysis of Social Behavior) as developed by Benjamin (1974) were used to study how adolescents in a normal group of 60 adolescents and a group of 42 adolescents with severe behavioural problems rated that they usually behaved in relation to a liked and disliked peer. The peer’s behaviour varied in a systematic way on the dimensions of affiliation and dominance. Complementary behavior was defined as the same behaviour from peer and self and anticomplementarity was defined as opposite behaviour from self in relation the peer’s behavior. Consistent over the two groups complementarity and anticomplementarity were influenced by both the peer’s behaviour and type of relationship with the peer. Friendly behaviour from a liked peer evoked much more complementary friendly behaviour compared to a disliked peer who with the same behaviour evoked almost as much anticomplementary hostile behaviour as complementary friendly behaviour. Hostile behaviour from a disliked peer evoked much more complementary hostile behaviour compared to a liked peer with the same kind of behavior. Autonomy granting from a liked peer evoked more complementary autonomous behaviour compared to a disliked peer. Differences between the two groups were small and only in relation with a disliked peer. The results were discussed in terms of interpersonal theory and the principle of complementarity with focus on kind of relationship.
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| 19. |
- Dennhag, Inga, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-image pattern as predictors of change and outcome of trainee-led psychotherapy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy Research. - : Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group. - 1050-3307 .- 1468-4381. ; 21:2, s. 201-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the outcome of undergraduate trainee-led psychotherapy and how different self-image patterns explain symptom change. Pre- and post-treatment data from 235 Swedish outpatients were used. Clients were assessed with Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB). Outcome effect size was moderate and in line with earlier studies on trainees. Clinical significant change showed that 42% of all clients were recovered or improved after 18 sessions in either training condition PDT or CBT. Regression analysis showed that a more negative self-image and higher levels of self-control before treatment predicted improvement in both psychiatric symptoms and personality factors. A negative self-image, when observed before treatment, can be understood as an increased motivation for change.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol intoxicated witnesses' interpretation of social behavior in intimate partner violence
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 33:4, s. 468-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Alcohol intoxication affects social information processing, though research is scarce regarding how alcohol affected eyewitnesses' perception of social interaction within an applied forensic context. In the present study, the effects of alcohol intoxication on eyewitnesses' perception of interaction in intimate partner violence (IPV) were investigated. The participants (n=152) were randomized to an experimental (alcohol) or control group (juice). After consumption, they viewed a filmed IPV scenario where both interacting parties were confrontational. Afterwards, they rated the involved parties' behavior. Several behaviors were perceived in a similar manner by intoxicated and sober participants, but intoxicated participants perceived both parties' attacking behaviors and some of the man's prosocial behaviors differently than sober participants. Hence, alcohol affected some, but not all, kinds of social behaviors investigated in the present study. This would be of interest to legal praxis and to future studies on intoxicated witnesses to interpersonal violence.
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| 24. |
- Pasquali, C. E., et al.
(författare)
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Client self-image, therapist acting, and the establishment of the therapeutic alliance in a training context
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychotherapy. - : Routledge. - 1364-2537 .- 1469-5901. ; 20:4, s. 373-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined how clients' self-image and perception of therapist's behavior are related to the therapeutic alliance, as well as how these variables change in the psychotherapy process in trainee-led psychotherapy. A total of 164 participants (M = 28.9 years) who attended two semesters of treatment at the Psychology Clinic of Umea University completed the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) to evaluate their perception of their alliance with the therapist. They also completed two questionnaires based on the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) model to give insight into their self-image patterns and to analyze their perceptions of the therapist's behavior. The results show that a positive self-image and positive perceptions of the therapist's actions increased significantly over the course of the therapy, with a corresponding decrease in negative patterns. The alliance scores show that the therapeutic alliance gains significance over time and that it is influenced more by the perception of the therapist's behavior than by the self-image. The self-image becomes relevant after the mid part of therapy, underlining the role of the therapist in co-creating the treatment relationship. The implications of these results are discussed, and so are directions for future research in other traineeled settings and samples.
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| 25. |
- Schedin, Gunnar, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Does self-image matter? Client's self image, behaviour and evaluation of career counselling session : an exploratory study
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling. - : Springer. - 0165-0653 .- 1573-3246. ; 30:3, s. 189-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This exploratory study addresses differences in self-image as a client characteristic in career counselling by using the Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour (Benjamin, L., Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1203–1212, 1996; Benjamin, L., Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(2), 248–266, 1996) and an adaptation (Andersson, W.P, and Niles, S.P., The Career Development Quarterly, 48(3), 251–263, 2000) of the Therapist Intention List (Hill C. E and O’Grady K. E., Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32(1), 3–22, 1985; Hill et al., Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35(3), 222–233, 1988). Expected and experienced behaviour of self and other, recalled helpful and non-helpful events during sessions, and evaluation of sessions were compared between two clients with identified positive self-image and two clients with identified negative self-image. The results indicated that the clients with a positive self-image compared to clients with a negative self-image expected more positive behaviours and experienced more positive in-session behaviours from both themselves and from the counsellor; they recalled more positive and fewer negative events in-session and they evaluated their session more positively. Implications for career counselling are discussed.
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| 26. |
- Tafvelin, Susanne, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Toward understanding the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership on well-being : A longitudinal study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies. - : SAGE. - 1071-7919 .- 1548-0518 .- 1939-7089. ; 18:4, s. 480-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this two-wave longitudinal panel study, the authors strived to advance understanding of how transformational leadership affects employee well-being over time. The authors proposed a model that included both direct and indirect effects, which was tested in a sample of social service employees. Results of structural equation modeling revealed that transformational leadership had no direct effect on well-being over time. Instead, both the short-term and long-term effects of transformational leadership on well-being were mediated by a positive climate for innovation. The study contributes to knowledge about the complicated processes by which leaders influence well-being of employees.
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| 27. |
- Westerberg, Kristina, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Municipal middle managers : psychosocial work environment in a gender-based division of labor
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 16:2, s. 189-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the reported study was to explore how 245 municipal middle managersperceived their psychosocial and physical work environments, and to examine psychosomaticreactions and job satisfaction in departments engaged in di!erent types of activity, also tocompare male and female managers in these respects. The way in which psychosomaticreactions and job satisfaction were related to the psychosocial and physical work environmentswas also investigated. The results indicated a di!erence between departments depending on thetype of activity. Departments concerned with care and education, i.e. care of the elderly, childcare and schools showed a tendency to lower values for psychosocial work environment factorsand more psychosomatic reactions than the departments geared more towards maintenanceand production, i.e. street maintenance, the power plant department and the recreation o$ce.In the departments concerned with children, female managers were in a majority. In the streetmaintenance department, the recreation o$ce and the power plant department, male managerspredominated. Compared to the men, the women had a higher level of education, lower salaries,more reactions of a psychosomatic nature, lower job satisfaction and a less satisfying psychosocialwork environment. The only department with an equal number of male and femalemanagers was the schools department. Here there were no di!erences between men and womenin the factors studied. Two partial correlations were computed in order to separate theimportance of type of activity and sex to the work environment factors and outcome variables.This indicated that the type of activity was more important than biological sex. The genderingof work activities is therefore also discussed and further investigations are suggested. ( 2000Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 28. |
- Ybrandt, Helene, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' mental health and their images of self and parents
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Mental Health. - Budapest : Akadémia Kiadó. - 1788-4934. ; 5:1, s. 59-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation between images of self and parents as defined in interpersonal theory and by the Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour (Benjamin), and internalizing and externalizing problems, as defined by the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach) was studied in a sample of 199 nonclinical adolescents (92 boys and 107 girls) aged between 13 and 17 years. Regression analyses showed that the pattern relating images of self and parents to mental health problems was different for boys and girls. Internalizing problems for girls were best predicted from aspects of their self-image while for boys parental behaviour played a larger role. A pattern of self-blame and lower self-affirmation together with parental blame was important for girls’ externalizing problems and a pattern of self-neglect and low self-autonomy and an uncertainty of parental love were important for boys externalizing problems. Results emphasize that boys and girls have different kinds of vulnerabilities as risk factors for mental health problems.
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| 29. |
- Ybrandt, Helen, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in self-image in a psychotherapy supervisor training program
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Clinical Supervisor. - : Routledge. - 0732-5223 .- 1545-231X. ; 28:2, s. 113-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) was used to assess the self-image of psychotherapists enrolled in a psychotherapy supervisor training program in the initial and final phases of their training, as well as four months after the completion of their training. Their self-image was compared to that of experienced supervisors. The results show that the self-image of the supervisor trainees changed over the course of the training. By the end of the training, their self-image was as autonomous as that of experienced supervisors. Positive self-acceptance also developed. The relation between the outcome of psychotherapy, the style of trainees’ supervisor, and changes in the self-image of the trainees is also discussed.
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| 30. |
- Ybrandt, Helene, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Peer aggression and mental health problems : self-esteem as a mediator
- 2010
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Ingår i: School Psychology International. - Los Angeles, London, New Dehli, Singapore and Washington : SAGE Publications. - 0143-0343 .- 1461-7374. ; 31:2, s. 146-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined whether self-esteem mediates the association problems in adolescents. A total of 204 Swedish adolescents aged between 12- and 16-years-old completed self-report measures; self-esteem was assessed with ‘I think I am’ (ITIA) and internalizing and externalizing problems with Youth Self-Report (YSR). Our results showed that internalizing problems in peer aggressors could be understood as problems with low self-esteem, while internalizing problems in peer victims could be understood both as problems with low selfesteem and as an effect of being victimized. Externalizing problems in peer aggressors and peer aggressor–victims could be understood as problems with being involved in peer aggression, while the same problems in peer victims could be understood as problems with low self-esteem. This article also discusses the importance of self-esteem in adolescents’ development of their own identities and for peer aggressive- related psychological psychopathology.
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