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- Arnason, T., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of salinity and temperature on growth, plasma ions, cortisol and immune parameters of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486. ; 380-383, s. 70-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of salinity and temperature on growth, plasma ions, cortisol and immune parameters were investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment small, medium and large juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (initial average weights of 1.9, 8 and 83 g, respectively) were reared at four constant salinities (6 to 32 parts per thousand) for a short period (19-57 days, depending on size), then returned to seawater (32 parts per thousand) without acclimation and reared for another period (20-391 days). The highest growth rates were found at 10 parts per thousand in all size-classes. After the fish were returned to seawater the growth rates were inversely related to the salinity change in all size-classes and long-term rearing of the medium-sized fish revealed that abrupt salinity increase from 6 and 10 parts per thousand to seawater may permanently reduce the growth capacity of juvenile cod. In another long-term experiment, there was no significant difference in the growth rate of cod (initial average weight 3.4 g) reared at either 13.5 or 32 parts per thousand for 187 days. Rearing at 13.5 parts per thousand neither enhanced growth rate at 6.3 degrees C nor at 10 degrees C in larger juveniles (>245 g) compared with rearing in seawater. The study shows that rearing salinity and abrupt salinity changes have limited or no effects on stress and immune-related parameters, and there are no indications of ion regulatory disturbances at salinities as low as 6 parts per thousand. This shows that the Atlantic cod is an extremely euryhaline marine teleost species, and indicates that commercial Atlantic cod aquaculture can just as well be carried out in locations with low as with high environmental salinity. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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- Gunnarsson, S., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of short-day treatment on long-term growth performance and maturation of farmed Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus reared in brackish water
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112. ; 85:4, s. 1211-1226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of a 6 week short-day photoperiod followed by continuous light, applied during the juvenile phase of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in fresh water on smoltification and on the long-term growth andmaturity following transfer to brackish water (BW) (constant salinity of either 17 and 27 or increasing salinity in steps from 17 to 27) were investigated. Prior to salinity transfer, the juveniles were either reared at continuous light (C group) or reared for 6 weeks on a short day (8L: 16D, S group) followed by continuous light (24L: 0D). Increased salinity had negative effect on growth, with female fish reared at 17 salinity weighing 19 and 27% more than the salinity-step group (17-27) and the 27 salinity group, respectively. The stepwise acclimation to salinity had limited advantage in terms of growth rate. Short photoperiod for 6 weeks (November to January) followed by continuous light improved growth, but not seawater (SW) tolerance. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity and plasma Na+ levels changed with time, indicating some variation in osmoregulatory capacity during the experimental period. Overall, there appear to be interactive effects on maturation from applying short-day photoperiod followed by rearing at higher salinities. Plasma leptin varied with time and may be linked to stress caused by the observed variations in osmoregulatory ability. It is concluded that changes in growth rates observed in this study are mainly related to rearing salinity with higher growth rates at lower salinities. Short-day photoperiod has some growth-inducing effects but did not improve SW tolerance. Farmers of S. alpinus using BW for land-based rearing should keep salinity at moderate and stable levels according to these results to obtain best growth.
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| 4. |
- Abramson, JS, et al.
(författare)
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Lisocabtagene maraleucel as second-line therapy for large B-cell lymphoma: primary analysis of the phase 3 TRANSFORM study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 141:14, s. 1675-1684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This global, phase 3 study compared lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) with standard of care (SOC) as second-line therapy for primary refractory or early relapsed (≤12 months) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). Adults eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) were randomized 1:1 to liso-cel (100×106 CAR+ T cells) or SOC (3 cycles of platinum-based immunochemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and ASCT in responders). The primary end point was event-free survival (EFS) by independent review. A total of 184 patients were randomized. In this primary analysis with a median follow-up of 17.5 months, median EFS was not reached (NR) for liso-cel versus 2.4 months for SOC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.356; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.243‒0.522). Complete response (CR) rate was 74% for liso-cel versus 43% for SOC (P < .0001) and median progression-free survival (PFS) was NR for liso-cel versus 6.2 months for SOC (HR = 0.400; 95% CI: 0.261‒0.615; P < .0001). Median overall survival was NR for liso-cel versus 29.9 months for SOC (HR = 0.724; 95% CI: 0.443‒1.183; P = .0987). When adjusted for crossover from SOC to liso-cel, median overall survival was NR for liso-cel and SOC (HR = 0.415; 95% CI: 0.251‒0.686). Grade 3 cytokine release syndrome and neurological events occurred in 1% and 4% of patients in the liso-cel arm, respectively (no grade 4/5 events). These data show significant improvements in EFS, CR rate, and PFS for liso-cel over SOC and support liso-cel as a preferred second-line treatment compared with SOC in patients with primary refractory or early relapsed LBCL. (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03575351.)
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| 9. |
- Arnason, Ulfur, et al.
(författare)
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Mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 99:12, s. 8151-8156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strict orthology of mitochondrial (mt) coding sequences has promoted their use in phylogenetic analyses at different levels. Here we present the results of a mitogenomic study (i.e., analysis based on the set of protein-coding genes from complete mt genomes) of 60 mammalian species. This number includes 11 new mt genomes. The sampling comprises all but one of the traditional eutherian orders. The previously unrepresented order Dermoptera (flying lemurs) fell within Primates as the sister group of Anthropoidea, making Primates paraphyletic. This relationship was strongly supported. Lipotyphla ("insectivores") split into three distinct lineages: Erinaceomorpha, Tenrecomorpha, and Soricomorpha. Erinaceomorpha was the basal eutherian lineage. Sirenia (dugong) and Macroscelidea (elephant shrew) fell within the African clade. Pholidota (pangolin) joined the Cetferungulata as the sister group of Carnivora. The analyses identified monophyletic Pinnipedia with Otariidae (sea lions, fur seals) and Odobenidae (walruses) as sister groups to the exclusion of Phocidae (true seals).
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| 16. |
- Jensson, O, et al.
(författare)
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Hereditary cystatin C (gamma-trace) amyloid angiopathy of the CNS causing cerebral hemorrhage
- 1987
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 76:2, s. 102-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hereditary CNS amyloid angiopathy occurring in Icelanders is the first human disorder known to be caused by deposition of cystatin C amyloid fibrils in the walls of the brain arteries leading to single or or multiple strokes with fatal outcome. One or more affected members have been verified by histological examination in 8 families containing 127 affected. These originated from the same geographic area. Abnormally low value of cystatin C found in the cerebrospinal fluid of those affected can be used to support or make diagnosis of this disease, also in asymptomatic relatives. By amino acid sequence analysis the amyloid fibrils in the patients are found to be a variant of cystatin C (gamma-trace), a major cysteine proteinase inhibitor. The variant protein has an amino acid substitution (glutamine for leucine) at position 58 in the amyloid molecule. It is postulated that a point mutation has occurred leading to production of amyloidogenic protein causing the disorder.
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| 18. |
- Kutschera, Verena E., et al.
(författare)
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High genetic variability of vagrant polar bears illustrates importance of population connectivity in fragmented sea ice habitats
- 2016
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Ingår i: Animal Conservation. - : Wiley. - 1367-9430 .- 1469-1795. ; 19:4, s. 337-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and sea ice forecasts suggest that Arctic sea ice will decline markedly in coming decades. Expected effects on the entire ecosystem include a contraction of suitable polar bear habitat into one or few refugia. Such large-scale habitat decline and fragmentation could lead to reduced genetic diversity. Here we compare genetic variability of four vagrant polar bears that reached Iceland with that in recognized subpopulations from across the range, examining 23 autosomal microsatellites, mitochondrial control region sequences and Y-chromosomal markers. The vagrants' genotypes grouped with different genetic clusters and showed similar genetic variability at autosomal microsatellites (expected heterozygosity, allelic richness, and individual heterozygosity) as individuals in recognized subpopulations. Each vagrant carried a different mitochondrial haplotype. A likely route for polar bears to reach Iceland is via Fram Strait, a major gateway for the physical exportation of sea ice from the Arctic basin. Vagrant polar bears on Iceland likely originated from more than one recognized subpopulation, and may have been caught in sea ice export during long-distance movements to the East Greenland area. Although their potentially diverse geographic origins might suggest that these vagrants encompass much higher genetic variability than vagrants or dispersers in other regions, the four Icelandic vagrants encompassed similar genetic variability as any four randomly picked individuals from a single subpopulation or from the entire sample. We suggest that this is a consequence of the low overall genetic variability and weak range-wide genetic structuring of polar bears - few dispersers can represent a large portion of the species' gene pool. As predicted by theory and our demographic simulations, continued gene flow will be necessary to counteract loss of genetic variability in increasingly fragmented Arctic habitats. Similar considerations will be important in the management of other taxa that utilize sea ice habitats.
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| 19. |
- Tetarenko, B. E., et al.
(författare)
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The First Low-Mass Black Hole X-Ray Binary Identified in Quiscence Outside of a Globular Cluster
- 2016
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 825:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The observed relation between the X-ray and radio properties of low-luminosity accreting black holes (BHs) has enabled the identification of multiple candidate black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs) in globular clusters (GCs). Here, we report an identification of the radio source VLA J213002.08+120904 (aka M15 S2), recently reported in Kirsten et al., as a BHXB candidate. They showed that the parallax of this flat-spectrum variable radio source indicates a - + 2.2 0.30.5 kpc distance, which identifies it as lying in the foreground of the GC M15. We determine the radio characteristics of this source and place a deep limit on the X-ray luminosity of ∼4 × 1029 erg s.1. Furthermore, we astrometrically identify a faint red stellar counterpart in archival Hubble images with colors consistent with a foreground star; at 2.2 kpc, its inferred mass is 0.1-0.2Me. We rule out that this object is a pulsar, neutron star X-ray binary, cataclysmic variable, or planetary nebula, concluding that VLA J213002.08+120904 is the first accreting BHXB candidate discovered in quiescence outside of a GC. Given the relatively small area over which parallax studies of radio sources have been performed, this discovery suggests a much larger population of quiescent BHXBs in our Galaxy, 2.6 ± 104-1.7 × 108 BHXBs at 3× confidence, than has been previously estimated (∼102-104) through population synthesis.The observed relation between the X-ray and radio properties of low-luminosity accreting black holes (BHs) has enabled the identification of multiple candidate black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs) in globular clusters (GCs). Here, we report an identification of the radio source VLA J213002.08+120904 (aka M15 S2), recently reported in Kirsten et al., as a BHXB candidate. They showed that the parallax of this flat-spectrum variable radio source indicates a - + 2.2 0.30.5 kpc distance, which identifies it as lying in the foreground of the GC M15. We determine the radio characteristics of this source and place a deep limit on the X-ray luminosity of ∼4 × 1029 erg s.1. Furthermore, we astrometrically identify a faint red stellar counterpart in archival Hubble images with colors consistent with a foreground star; at 2.2 kpc, its inferred mass is 0.1-0.2Me. We rule out that this object is a pulsar, neutron star X-ray binary, cataclysmic variable, or planetary nebula, concluding that VLA J213002.08+120904 is the first accreting BHXB candidate discovered in quiescence outside of a GC. Given the relatively small area over which parallax studies of radio sources have been performed, this discovery suggests a much larger population of quiescent BHXBs in our Galaxy, 2.6 ± 104-1.7 × 108 BHXBs at 3× confidence, than has been previously estimated (∼102-104) through population synthesis.
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