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- Thorpe, H. A., et al.
(författare)
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Repeated out-of-Africa expansions of Helicobacter pylori driven by replacement of deleterious mutations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Helicobacter pylori lives in the human stomach and has a population structure resembling that of its host. However, H. pylori from Europe and the Middle East trace substantially more ancestry from modern African populations than the humans that carry them. Here, we use a collection of Afro-Eurasian H. pylori genomes to show that this African ancestry is due to at least three distinct admixture events. H. pylori from East Asia, which have undergone little admixture, have accumulated many more non-synonymous mutations than African strains. European and Middle Eastern bacteria have elevated African ancestry at the sites of these mutations, implying selection to remove them during admixture. Simulations show that population fitness can be restored after bottlenecks by migration and subsequent admixture of small numbers of bacteria from non-bottlenecked populations. We conclude that recent spread of African DNA has been driven by deleterious mutations accumulated during the original out-of-Africa bottleneck.
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- Irace, AL, et al.
(författare)
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Additive Manufacturing of Resected Oral and Oropharyngeal Tissue: A Pilot Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 18:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Better visualization of tumor structure and orientation are needed in the postoperative setting. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a system in which oral and oropharyngeal tumors are resected, photographed, 3D modeled, and printed using additive manufacturing techniques. Three patients diagnosed with oral/oropharyngeal cancer were included. All patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging followed by resection. In the operating room (OR), the resected tissue block was photographed using a smartphone. Digital photos were imported into Agisoft Photoscan to produce a digital 3D model of the resected tissue. Physical models were then printed using binder jetting techniques. The aforementioned process was applied in pilot cases including carcinomas of the tongue and larynx. The number of photographs taken for each case ranged from 63 to 195. The printing time for the physical models ranged from 2 to 9 h, costs ranging from 25 to 141 EUR (28 to 161 USD). Digital photography may be used to additively manufacture models of resected oral/oropharyngeal tumors in an easy, accessible and efficient fashion. The model may be used in interdisciplinary discussion regarding postoperative care to improve understanding and collaboration, but further investigation in prospective studies is required.
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- Jovanović, Veljko, et al.
(författare)
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The Satisfaction with Life Scale in Adolescent Samples : Measurement Invariance across 24 Countries and Regions, Age, and Gender
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Research in Quality of Life. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1871-2584 .- 1871-2576. ; 17:4, s. 2139-2161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurement of adolescent life satisfaction across cultures has not received much attention in previous empirical research. The present study evaluated measurement invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) among adolescents in 24 countries and regions (N = 22,710; age range = 13–19 years; 53% female). A single-factor model with residual covariance between a pair of items tapping past life satisfaction fitted well in 19 countries and regions and showed a partial metric invariance. In a subset of nine countries and regions, partial scalar invariance was supported. Partial metric invariance across all 24 countries and regions was achieved when custom model modifications in five countries and regions were included. Three SWLS items showed evidence of noninvariance across cultures. The measurement model was found to operate similarly across gender and age. Our findings suggest that caution is needed when using the SWLS for measuring life satisfaction among adolescents from different cultures.
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- Madanat, R., et al.
(författare)
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RSA applications in monitoring of fracture healing in clinical trials
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. - 1457-4969 .- 1799-7267. ; 95:2, s. 119-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radio stereometric analysis (RSA) was originally developed as a method for performing highly accurate three-dimensional measurements in vivo over time from sequential radiographs. Since its introduction over twenty years ago, the RSA method has proven itself as a powerful tool with numerous orthopaedic applications. RSA has been used extensively in studies of prosthetic fixation and has been shown to be the method of choice for these studies. RSA has, however, also been successfully applied to a limited number of studies examining fracture healing, namely in fractures of the radius, ankle, tibial plateau, trochanter and femoral neck, as well as studies of bone healing following spinal fusion and tibial osteotomies. RSA follow-up of a fracture will provide definitive demonstration of the exact time of union, i.e. the achievement of fracture stability. This information can be invaluable in randomized clinical trials of fracture treatment. Phantom model studies have proven useful for effective preoperative planning and interpretation of RSA results. The RSA method is a highly accurate, precise and safe objective method for studying fracture healing in clinical trials. The RSA method may serve as a scientific tool to accurately evaluate the significance of supporting novel biomaterials for the early stability and the rate of healing in fractures.
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- Mohamed, H, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of hormone receptors in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
- 2018
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Ingår i: European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-4726. ; 275:5, s. 1289-1300
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