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Sökning: WFRF:(Aro M.)

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  • Bell, S., et al. (författare)
  • METefnet : Developments in metrology for moisture in materials
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: 17th International Congress of Metrology, CIM 2015. - Les Ulis, France : EDP Sciences.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bien que les mesures de teneur en eau soient largement utilisées dans l'industrie, les considérations métrologiques quant à cette mesure ne sont pas complètement abouties de sorte à fournir des mesures fiables et traçables au SI. Afin de remédier à ceci, le projet de recherche conjoint, Joint Research Project SIB64 “METefnet – Metrology for moisture in materials”, est actuellement en cours, et contribue au programme européen de recherche en métrologie European Metrology Research Programme. Le projet METefnet a pour objectifs de développer et d'améliorer l'approche métrologique de ce sujet. Ceci inclus notamment: le travail sur de nouvelles méthodes de référence pour évaluer la fraction massique en eau, l'amélioration des mesures mettant en œuvre la méthode primaire de type titration Karl Fischer, le développement de nouveaux matériaux de référence certifiés présentant une très bonne stabilité et permettant une traçabilité au SI, le développement de nouveaux étalons de transfert, la réalisation d'études visant à quantifier et réduire les effets liés à la prise d'échantillon, son transport et sa manipulation, le développement d'une nouvelle méthode pour étalonner les instruments mesurant l'humidité de surface, et l'amélioration des méthodes d'estimation d'incertitudes de ces mesures. Ce travail, réalisé dans le domaine de la métrologie de l'humidité au sein des matériaux, couvre à la fois le mesurande décrit comme étant spécifiquement la teneur en eau, seule, dans les matériaux, mais également un mesurande plus large pouvant inclure l'eau ainsi que d'autres liquides ou composés organiques volatiles; ceci afin de bien mettre en exergue la différence qui peut être observée entre ces deux mesurandes. Le projet global a pour objectif de soutenir une action de dissémination et de traçabilité au système SI des mesures de teneur en eau dans les matériaux avec une exactitude optimale et de développer une infrastructure métrologique cohérente pour ce type de mesures. Le travail technique ainsi que les dernières avancées vous sont ainsi présentées.
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  • Pirinen, J., et al. (författare)
  • ECG markers associated with ischemic stroke at young age - a case-control study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Annals of Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0785-3890 .- 1365-2060. ; 49:7, s. 562-568
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Certain electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities are associated with ischemic stroke (IS), especially cardioembolic subtype. Besides atrial fibrillation, markers of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) or atrial pathology also reflect elevated risk. We studied the association of ECG markers with IS in young adults. Methods: We performed a case-control study including 567 consecutive IS patients aged 15-49 years (inclusion period: 1994-2007) and one or two age-and sex-matched control subjects enrolled during 1978-1980 (n = 1033), and investigated also the stroke aetiologic subgroups. We studied ECGs of all participants for markers of atrial abnormality, i.e. P-terminal force (PTF) on lead V1, interatrial blocks (IAB; P-wave duration >= 110ms), and LVH. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used. Results: IAB (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-2.13) and PTF combined with LVH (HR: 6.83, 95% CI: 1.65-28.31), were independently associated with IS. LVH, abnormal P-wave (HR: 6.87, 95% CI: 1.97-135.29), PTF, IAB, and combinations of these P-wave abnormalities with LVH - were associated with cardioembolic subtype. Abnormal P-wave and IAB were associated with cryptogenic stroke subtype. In unadjusted analysis, LVH was associated with small-vessel disease subtype. Conclusion: P-wave abnormalities on ECG were associated with cardioembolic but also with a cryptogenic subtype of IS.
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  • Trotta, A., et al. (författare)
  • Serine and threonine residues of plant STN7 kinase are differentially phosphorylated upon changing light conditionsandspecificallyinfluence the activity and stability of the kinase
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: The Plant Journal. - : Wiley. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 87:5, s. 484-494
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • STN7 kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of the globally most common membrane proteins, the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) in plant chloroplasts. STN7 itself possesses one serine (Ser) and two threonine (Thr) phosphosites. We show that phosphorylation of the Thr residues protects STN7 against degradation in darkness, low light and red light, whereas increasing light intensity and far red illumination decrease phosphorylation and induce STN7 degradation. Ser phosphorylation, in turn, occurs under red and low intensity white light, coinciding with the client protein (LHCII) phosphorylation. Through analysis of the counteracting LHCII phosphatase mutant tap38/pph1, we show that Ser phosphorylation and activation of the STN7 kinase for subsequent LHCII phosphorylation are heavily affected by pre-illumination conditions. Transitions between the three activity states of the STN7 kinase (deactivated in darkness and far red light, activated in low and red light, inhibited in high light) are shown to modulate the phosphorylation of the STN7 Ser and Thr residues independently of each other. Such dynamic regulation of STN7 kinase phosphorylation is crucial for plant growth and environmental acclimation. © 2016 The Authors. The Plant Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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  • Bergqvist, L, et al. (författare)
  • Distribution of HPV Genotypes Differs Depending on Behavioural Factors among Young Women
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2607. ; 9:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Risk factors for the different human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes are not well understood, although the risk of cancer is known to vary among them. Our aim was to evaluate the association of diverse behavioral and reproductive factors with genotype-specific HPV prevalence among 879 unvaccinated women aged 18–75 years referred to the colposcopy clinic at Helsinki University Hospital in Finland. Cervical swabs for HPV genotyping were collected in the first visit and assessed for 34 high-risk (hr) and low-risk (lr) HPV genotypes. Participants completed a questionnaire on behavioral, reproductive, and lifestyle factors. Differences in genotype-specific HPV prevalence were analyzed overall and in age groups using binary logistic regression. Smoking was associated with higher prevalence in HPV16 compared with other hrHPV genotypes together with decreasing age, being highest among younger women <30 years old, odds ratio (OR) 3.74 (95% CI 1.42–9.88). The later the sexual debut, the more it seemed to protect from HPV16 infection. The best protection was achieved when the sexual debut took place at >20 years of age, with an OR of 0.43 (95% CI 0.23–0.83). This association was not seen with other hrHPV genotypes. Methods of contraception seemed not to have an effect on hrHPV positivity, regardless of the HPV genotype. The genotype specific hrHPV prevalence differs, depending on behavioral factors, especially among younger women referred to colposcopy.
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  • Eranti, Antti, et al. (författare)
  • Orthogonal P-wave morphology, conventional P-wave indices, and the risk of atrial fibrillation in the general population using data from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1532-2092. ; 22:8, s. 1173-1181
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: Identifying subjects at high and low risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) is of interest. This study aims to assess the risk of AF associated with electrocardiographic (ECG) markers linked to atrial fibrosis: P-wave prolongation, 3rd-degree interatrial block, P-terminal force in lead V1, and orthogonal P-wave morphology. METHODS AND RESULTS: P-wave parameters were assessed in a representative Finnish population sample aged ≥30 years (n = 7217, 46.0% male, mean age 51.4 years). Subjects (n = 5489) with a readable ECG including the orthogonal leads, sinus rhythm, and a predefined orthogonal P-wave morphology type [positive in leads X and Y and either negative (Type 1) or ± biphasic (Type 2) in lead Z; Type 3 defined as positive in lead X and ± biphasic in lead Y], were followed 10 years from the baseline examinations (performed 1978-80). Subjects discharged with AF diagnosis after any-cause hospitalization (n = 124) were defined as having developed AF. Third-degree interatrial block was defined as P-wave ≥120 ms and the presence of ≥2 ± biphasic P waves in the inferior leads. Hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed with Cox models. Third-degree interatrial block (n = 103, HR 3.18, 95% CI 1.66-6.13; P = 0.001) and Type 3 morphology (n = 216, HR 3.01, 95% CI 1.66-5.45; P < 0.001) were independently associated with the risk of hospitalization with AF. Subjects with P-wave <110 ms and Type 1 morphology (n = 2074) were at low risk (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26-0.83; P = 0.006), compared to the rest of the subjects. CONCLUSION: P-wave parameters associate with the risk of hospitalization with AF.
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  • Fristedt, R., et al. (författare)
  • PSB33 sustains photosystem II D1 protein under fluctuating light conditions
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-0957 .- 1460-2431. ; 68:15, s. 4281-4293
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • On Earth, solar irradiance varies as the sun rises and sets over the horizon, and sunlight is thus in constant fluctuation, following a slow dark-low-high-low-dark curve. Optimal plant growth and development are dependent on the capacity of plants to acclimate and regulate photosynthesis in response to these changes of light. Little is known of regulative processes for photosynthesis during nocturnal events. The nucleus-encoded plant lineage-specific protein PSB33 has been described as stabilizing the photosystem II complex, especially under light stress conditions, and plants lacking PSB33 have a dysfunctional state transition. To clarify the localization and function of this protein, we used phenomic, biochemical and proteomics approaches in the model plant Arabidopsis. We report that PSB33 is predominantly located in non-appressed thylakoid regions and dynamically associates with a thylakoid protein complex in a light-dependent manner. Moreover, plants lacking PSB33 show an accelerated D1 protein degradation in nocturnal periods, and show severely stunted growth when challenged with fluctuating light. We further show that the function of PSB33 precedes the STN7 kinase to regulate or balance the excitation energy of photosystems I and II in fluctuating light conditions.
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  • Haiba, E., et al. (författare)
  • Degradation of diclofenac and triclosan residues in sewage sludge compost
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Agronomy Research. - : Eesti Pollumajandusulikool. - 1406-894X. ; 15:2, s. 395-405
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Land application of sewage sludge compost is an important and efficient tool in the remediation of industrial landscapes and agricultural soils in Estonia. A number of studies have shown that, as a rule, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are neither completely removed by sewage treatment, nor completely degraded in the environment. In this study, degradation rates of diclofenac sodium (DFC) and triclosan (TCS) were determined during sewage sludge composting. Anaerobically digested and dewatered sewage sludge was mixed with sawdust at two different ratios (1:2 and 1:3 sludge/sawdust, v:v). Then aerobic composting was carried out. These ratios were chosen on the basis of previous studies on sewage sludge composting with different bulking agents. The initial concentration of DFC and TCS was 2 mg kg-1 in relation to dry weight (dw). Low quantities of the studied pharmaceuticals were present in sewage sludge that was used for preparing the compost mixtures used in our experiments. The background concentrations of DFC and TCS were never equal to zero. The results showed that the difference between sewage sludge and bulking agent ratios (1:2 vs 1:3) in compost samples did not significantly affect temperature profiles during the experiment. The degradation of pharmaceuticals was more complete in the compost samples where the ratio of bulking agent was higher (1:3 by volume). The average degradation level (in all compost mixtures) was 95% for DFC and 68% for TCS. Pharmaceuticals entering into the soil may affect microbial activity, plant growth and development, and may have adverse effects on living organisms.
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  • Hallström, J., et al. (författare)
  • Worldwide comparison of lightning impulse voltage measuring systems at the 400-kV level
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 56:2, s. 388-391
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An international comparison of lightning and switching impulse voltage measuring systems was arranged and coordinated by the Helsinki University of Technology (MIKES-TKK), Espoo, Finland, between 1999 and 2002. The number of participants was 26, including the coordinator. This paper summarizes the results obtained by those eight National Metrology Institutes that participated in the comparison. A 400-kV transfer reference measuring system for measuring lightning impulse voltages was prepared by the coordinator. In addition, a 1-kV impulse voltage calibrator system, including calibrators for both standard lightning and switching impulses, was circulated. © 2007 IEEE.
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  • Heinonen, M., et al. (författare)
  • New Primary Standards for Establishing SI Traceability for Moisture Measurements in Solid Materials
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International journal of thermophysics. - : Springer. - 0195-928X .- 1572-9567. ; 39
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A European research project METefnet addresses a fundamental obstacle to improving energy-intensive drying process control: due to ambiguous reference analysis methods and insufficient methods for estimating uncertainty in moisture measurements, the achievable accuracy in the past was limited and measurement uncertainties were largely unknown. This paper reports the developments in METefnet that provide a sound basis for the SI traceability: four new primary standards for realizing the water mass fraction were set up, analyzed and compared to each other. The operation of these standards is based on combining sample weighing with different water vapor detection techniques: cold trap, chilled mirror, electrolytic and coulometric Karl Fischer titration. The results show that an equivalence of 0.2 % has been achieved between the water mass fraction realizations and that the developed methods are applicable to a wide range of materials.
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  • Pirinen, J., et al. (författare)
  • Resting 12-lead electrocardiogram reveals high-risk sources of cardioembolism in young adult ischemic stroke
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 198, s. 196-200
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The diagnostic work-up to reveal etiology in a young ischemic stroke (IS) patient includes evaluation for high-risk source of cardioembolism (HRCE), since this subtype associates with high early recurrence rate and mortality. We investigated the association of ECG findings with a final etiologic subgroup of HRCE in a cohort of young patients with first-ever IS. Methods: The Helsinki Young Stroke Registry includes IS patients aged 15 to 49 years admitted between 1994 and 2007. Blinded to other clinical data, we analyzed a 12-lead resting ECG obtained 1-14 days after the onset of stroke symptoms in 690 patients. We then compared the ECG findings between a final diagnosis of HRCE (n = 78) and other/undetermined causes (n = 612). We used multivariate logistic regression to study the association between ECG parameters and HRCE. Results: Of our cohort (63% male), 35% showed ECG abnormality, the most common being T-wave inversion (16%), left ventricular hypertrophy (14%), prolonged P-wave (13%), and prolonged QTc (12%). 3% had atrial fibrillation (AF), and 4% P-terminal force (PTF). Of the continuous parameters, longer QRS-duration, QTc, and wider QRS-T-angle independently associated with HRCE. After AF, PTF had the strongest independent association with HRCE (odds ratio = 44.32, 95% confidence interval = [10.51-186.83]), followed by a QRS-T angle > 110 degrees (8.29 [3.55-19.32]), T-wave inversion (5.06, 2.54-10.05), and prolonged QTc (3.02 [1.39-6.56]). Conclusion: Routine ECG provides useful information for directing the work-up of a young IS patient. In addition to AF, PTF in particular showed a strong association with etiology of HRCE. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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  • Talley, Nicholas J., et al. (författare)
  • Role of smoking in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome : three random population-based studies
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 54:1, s. 32-42
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: It is uncertain if functional dyspepsia (FD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are linked to smoking, and smoking cessation is not part of the routine advice provided to these patients.Aim: To assess if smoking is an independent risk factor for FD and IBS.Methods: Three population-based endoscopy studies in Sweden with 2560 community individuals in total (mean age 51.5 years, 46% male). IBS (14.9%), FD (33.5%), and associated symptoms were assessed using the validated abdominal symptom questionnaire, and smoking (17.9%) was obtained from standardised questions during a clinic visit. The effect of smoking on symptom status was analysed in an individual person data meta-analysis using mixed effect logistic regression, adjusted for snuffing, age and sex.Results: Individuals smoking cigarettes reported significantly higher odds of postprandial distress syndrome (FD-PDS) (OR 10-19 cig/day = 1.42, 95% CI 1.04-1.98 P = 0.027, OR ≥20 cig/day = 2.16, 95% CI 1.38-3.38, P = 0.001) but not epigastric pain. Individuals smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day reported significantly higher odds of IBS-diarrhoea (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.12-5.16, P = 0.025), diarrhoea (OR = 2.01, 95%CI 1.28-3.16, P = 0.003), urgency (OR = 2.21, 95%CI 1.41-3.47, P = 0.001) and flatus (OR = 1.77, 95%CI 1.14-2.76, P = 0.012) than non-smokers. Smoking was not associated with IBS-constipation or IBS-mixed.Conclusion: Smoking is an important environmental risk factor for postprandial distress syndrome, the most common FD subgroup, with over a twofold increased odds of PDS in heavy smokers. The role of smoking in IBS-diarrhoea, but not constipation, is also likely important.
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  • Ayoub, M. W. Ben, et al. (författare)
  • Quantification of free and bound water in selected materials using dielectric and thermo-coulometric measurement methods
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of physics communications. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2399-6528. ; 2:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Broadband electromagnetic characterization offers useful tools for the quantitative estimation of water content in a insulating solid materials. However, the correlation between electromagnetic characteristics and the amount of water in solids needs to be characterized using precise direct measurement methods. In this study, a two-port coaxial transmission cell has been characterized for water content estimation based on a study with the thermo-coulometric water detection method. The latter allows us to determine the proportions of the different water bonding forms that can exist in the material. The purpose of this paper is to provide a dielectric relaxation behavior study of the kaolinite clay from 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz, which was preceded by an experimental analysis of alpha-D-lactose monohydrate and the calcium oxalate monohydrate, which have stable water content under various humidity conditions.
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  • Ayoub, M. W. Ben, et al. (författare)
  • Quantitative determination of bound water in cardboard by measurement of dielectric permittivity
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Measurement science and technology. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0957-0233 .- 1361-6501. ; 29:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study we investigated the complex dielectric permittivity of cardboard with different water contents using a coaxial transmission/reflection technique from 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz. A relaxation process was analyzed to identify the bonding forms that exist in cardboard; this analysis was accompanied by a selective direct thermo-coulometric method. Two different types of bonding of water are found in cardboard (free and bound water) and both can be eliminated at 105 degrees C. The novelty of this work is the experimental correlation between the relaxation frequency situated in the radio-frequency band and the fraction of bound water in cardboard with a low water content.
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  • Danielsson, Ravi, et al. (författare)
  • Dimeric and monomeric organization of photosystem II - Distribution of five distinct complexes in the different domains of the thylakoid membrane
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 281:20, s. 14241-14249
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The supramolecular organization of photosystem II (PSII) was characterized in distinct domains of the thylakoid membrane, the grana core, the grana margins, the stroma lamellae, and the so-called Y100 fraction. PSII supercomplexes, PSII core dimers, PSII core monomers, PSII core monomers lacking the CP43 subunit, and PSII reaction centers were resolved and quantified by blue native PAGE, SDS-PAGE for the second dimension, and immunoanalysis of the D1 protein. Dimeric PSII (PSII supercomplexes and PSII core dimers) dominate in the core part of the thylakoid granum, whereas the monomeric PSII prevails in the stroma lamellae. Considerable amounts of PSII monomers lacking the CP43 protein and PSII reaction centers (D1-D2-cytochrome b(559) complex) were found in the stroma lamellae. Our quantitative picture of the supramolecular composition of PSII, which is totally different between different domains of the thylakoid membrane, is discussed with respect to the function of PSII in each fraction. Steady state electron transfer, flash-induced fluorescence decay, and EPR analysis revealed that nearly all of the dimeric forms represent oxygen-evolving PSII centers. PSII core monomers were heterogeneous, and a large fraction did not evolve oxygen. PSII monomers without the CP43 protein and PSII reaction centers showed no oxygen-evolving activity.
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  • Irace, AL, et al. (författare)
  • Additive Manufacturing of Resected Oral and Oropharyngeal Tissue: A Pilot Study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 18:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Better visualization of tumor structure and orientation are needed in the postoperative setting. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a system in which oral and oropharyngeal tumors are resected, photographed, 3D modeled, and printed using additive manufacturing techniques. Three patients diagnosed with oral/oropharyngeal cancer were included. All patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging followed by resection. In the operating room (OR), the resected tissue block was photographed using a smartphone. Digital photos were imported into Agisoft Photoscan to produce a digital 3D model of the resected tissue. Physical models were then printed using binder jetting techniques. The aforementioned process was applied in pilot cases including carcinomas of the tongue and larynx. The number of photographs taken for each case ranged from 63 to 195. The printing time for the physical models ranged from 2 to 9 h, costs ranging from 25 to 141 EUR (28 to 161 USD). Digital photography may be used to additively manufacture models of resected oral/oropharyngeal tumors in an easy, accessible and efficient fashion. The model may be used in interdisciplinary discussion regarding postoperative care to improve understanding and collaboration, but further investigation in prospective studies is required.
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  • Irani, Mudar Zand, et al. (författare)
  • Neutrophils, eosinophils, and intraepithelial lymphocytes in the squamous esophagus in subjects with and without gastroesophageal reflux symptoms
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Human Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0046-8177 .- 1532-8392. ; 115, s. 112-122
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Whilst intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are considered normal within the distal esophageal mucosa, they have an increasingly recognised role in the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis, and IEL quantification establishes the diagnosis of lymphocytic esophagitis. Knowledge regarding the upper limit of a normal IEL count in health is lacking. We studied 117 non-healthcare seeking adult volunteers from a random community sample (the Kalixanda study) with esophageal biopsies 2 cm above the gastroesophageal junction. Subjects were divided into four groups based on the presence or absence of gastro-esophageal reflux symptoms and/or esophagitis on endoscopy. Asymptomatic subjects with no endoscopic esophagitis were selected as controls, and the cell counts in this group were used to define the upper limit of normal of IELs, eosinophils and neutrophils. The entire sample was used to identify independent predictors of increased cellular counts by logistic regression analysis. None of the healthy controls had an IEL count of more than three per five high power fields (HPF), and therefore this was considered as the upper limit of normal; no controls had eosinophils or neutrophils in esophageal biopsies. Independent predictors of an elevated IEL count were spongiosis on histology (OR 11.17, 95% CI 3.32–37.58, P < 0.01) and current smoking (OR 4.84, 95% CI 1.13–2.71, P = 0.03). A receiver operating characteristics analysis concluded that a threshold of 3 IELs/5HPFs performs best in predicting reflux symptoms when a normal esophageal mucosa is visualized on endoscopy (sensitivity = 100.0%, specificity = 35.2%). The healthy esophageal mucosa does not contain more than three IELs per five HPF in the distal esophagus.
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  • Jää-Aro, Kai-Mikael, et al. (författare)
  • Activity-Oriented Navigation
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: Individual and Group Interaction. ; , s. 45-52
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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  • Koivuholma, A, et al. (författare)
  • Three-Dimensional Presentation of Tumor Histopathology: A Model Using Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4418. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Medical imaging often presents objects in three-dimensional (3D) form to provide better visual understanding. In contrast, histopathology is typically presented as two-dimensional (2D). Our objective was to present the tumor dimensions in 3D by creating a 3D digital model of it and so demonstrate the location of the tumor and the histological slices within the surgical soft tissue resection specimen. We developed a novel method for modeling a tongue squamous cell carcinoma using commonly available instruments. We established our 3D-modeling method by recognizing and solving challenges that concern the selection of the direction of histological slices. Additional steps to standard handling included scanning the specimen prior to grossing and modeling the carcinoma, which required only a table scanner and modeling software. We present challenges and their solutions in modeling the resection specimen and its histological slices. We introduce a finished 3D model of a soft tissue resection specimen and the actual tumor as well as its histopathological grossing sites in 3D digital and printed form. Our novel method provides steps to create a digital model of soft tissue resection specimen and the tumor within. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to present histopathological margins of a tongue tumor in 3D form, whereas previously, only 2D has been available. The creation of the 3D model does not call for predetermined grossing directions for the pathologist. In addition, it provides a crucial initiative to enhance oncological management. The method allows a better visual understanding of tumor margins, topography, and orientation. It thus provides a tool for an improved postoperative assessment and aids, for example, in the discussion of the need for additional surgery and adjuvant therapy.
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  • Ludvigsson, Jonas F., et al. (författare)
  • Celiac disease, eosinophilic esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease, an adult population-based study
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 48:7, s. 808-814
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. Celiac disease (CD) has been linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), but population-based studies of the prevalence of CD in these conditions are lacking, that is, the aim of this study. Materials and methods. An endoscopic study was carried out in 1000 randomly selected adults from the general population. CD was defined on the basis of positive serology in parallel with mucosal abnormalities of the small intestine. Any eosinophil infiltration of the esophageal epithelium was defined as esophageal eosinophilia and EoE was defined as having at least 15 eosinophils/high-power field in biopsies from the distal esophagus. We used Fisher's exact test to compare the prevalence of GORD, esophageal eosinophilia, and EoE in subjects with CD versus controls. Results. Four hundred subjects (40%) had gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GORS), 155 (15.5%) had erosive esophagitis, 16 (1.6%) had Barrett's esophagus, 48 (4.8%) had esophageal eosinophilia, and 11 (1.1%) had EoE. CD was diagnosed in 8/400 (2.0%) individuals with GORS (vs. controls: 10/600 (1.7%), p = 0.81), in 3/155 (1.9%) with erosive esophagitis (vs. 15/845 controls (1.8%), p = 0.75), and in 2/48 (4.2%) individuals with esophageal eosinophilia (controls: 16/952 (1.7%), p = 0.21), but in none of those 16 with Barrett's esophagus (vs. 18/984 controls (1.8%), p = 1.0) or of the 11 individuals with EoE (controls: 18/989 (1.8%), p = 1.0). Conclusions. This population-based study found no increased risk of CD among individuals with GORD, esophageal eosinophilia, or EoE. CD screening of individuals with GORD or EoE of individuals with CD cannot be recommended.
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41.
  • Moisala, M., et al. (författare)
  • Gaming is related to enhanced working memory performance and task-related cortical activity
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-8993 .- 1872-6240. ; 1655, s. 204-215
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Gaming experience has been suggested to lead to performance enhancements in a wide variety of working memory tasks. Previous studies have, however, mostly focused on adult expert gamers and have not included measurements of both behavioral performance and brain activity. In the current study, 167 adolescents and young adults (aged 13–24 years) with different amounts of gaming experience performed an n-back working memory task with vowels, with the sensory modality of the vowel stream switching between audition and vision at random intervals. We studied the relationship between self-reported daily gaming activity, working memory (n-back) task performance and related brain activity measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results revealed that the extent of daily gaming activity was related to enhancements in both performance accuracy and speed during the most demanding (2-back) level of the working memory task. This improved working memory performance was accompanied by enhanced recruitment of a fronto-parietal cortical network, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, during the less demanding (1-back) level of the task, gaming was associated with decreased activity in the same cortical regions. Our results suggest that a greater degree of daily gaming experience is associated with better working memory functioning and task difficulty-dependent modulation in fronto-parietal brain activity already in adolescence and even when non-expert gamers are studied. The direction of causality within this association cannot be inferred with certainty due to the correlational nature of the current study.
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42.
  • Moisala, M., et al. (författare)
  • Media multitasking is associated with distractibility and increased prefrontal activity in adolescents and young adults
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 134, s. 113-121
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The current generation of young people indulges in more media multitasking behavior (e.g., instant messaging while watching videos) in their everyday lives than older generations. Concerns have been raised about how this might affect their attentional functioning, as previous studies have indicated that extensive media multitasking in everyday life may be associated with decreased attentional control. In the current study, 149 adolescents and young adults (aged 13–24 years) performed speech-listening and reading tasks that required maintaining attention in the presence of distractor stimuli in the other modality or dividing attention between two concurrent tasks. Brain activity during task performance was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We studied the relationship between self-reported daily media multitasking (MMT), task performance and brain activity during task performance. The results showed that in the presence of distractor stimuli, a higher MMT score was associated with worse performance and increased brain activity in right prefrontal regions. The level of performance during divided attention did not depend on MMT. This suggests that daily media multitasking is associated with behavioral distractibility and increased recruitment of brain areas involved in attentional and inhibitory control, and that media multitasking in everyday life does not translate to performance benefits in multitasking in laboratory settings.
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45.
  • Ohrvall, M, et al. (författare)
  • The serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition but not the serum concentration of alpha tocopherol predicts the development of myocardial infarction in 50-year-old men : 19 years follow-up.
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 127:1, s. 65-71
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A low serum tocopherol concentration and a low proportion of linoleic acid in plasma cholesterol esters have been reported to be associated with coronary heart disease. This study was undertaken to evaluate the predictive importance of the serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition and serum tocopherol concentration in addition to established risk factors for myocardial infarction. The study comprised 2322 fifty-year-old men who participated in a health survey in 1970-1973 regarding risk factors for coronary heart disease. The proportions of myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, and dihomogammalinolenic acid were significantly higher in 1970-1973 in subjects who suffered myocardial infarction during the following 19 years, while the proportion of linoleic acid was lower, than in those who remained healthy. Serum tocopherol did not differ significantly between the groups. LDL/HDL ratio, systolic blood pressure, and arachidonic acid/dihomogammalinolenic acid ratio were significant independent discriminators between cases and controls in a stepwise logistic regression analysis. This study suggests that middle-aged men who later develop a myocardial infarction are characterized not only by conventional risk factors but also by an altered fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol esters, with a low arachidonic to dihomogammalinolenic acid ratio, indicating reduced delta 5 desaturase activity. This may imply that changes in the quality of dietary fat intake, or an altered capacity to metabolize fatty acids in the body, could precede the development of coronary heart disease.
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46.
  • Pelikan, Elisabeth R., et al. (författare)
  • Distance learning in higher education during COVID-19 : The role of basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation for persistence and procrastination-a multi-country study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 16:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher educational institutions worldwide switched to emergency distance learning in early 2020. The less structured environment of distance learning forced students to regulate their learning and motivation more independently. According to self-determination theory (SDT), satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and social relatedness affects intrinsic motivation, which in turn relates to more active or passive learning behavior. As the social context plays a major role for basic need satisfaction, distance learning may impair basic need satisfaction and thus intrinsic motivation and learning behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between basic need satisfaction and procrastination and persistence in the context of emergency distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional study. We also investigated the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in this relationship. Furthermore, to test the universal importance of SDT for intrinsic motivation and learning behavior under these circumstances in different countries, we collected data in Europe, Asia and North America. A total of N = 15,462 participants from Albania, Austria, China, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Kosovo, Lithuania, Poland, Malta, North Macedonia, Romania, Sweden, and the US answered questions regarding perceived competence, autonomy, social relatedness, intrinsic motivation, procrastination, persistence, and sociodemographic background. Our results support SDT's claim of universality regarding the relation between basic psychological need fulfilment, intrinsic motivation, procrastination, and persistence. However, whereas perceived competence had the highest direct effect on procrastination and persistence, social relatedness was mainly influential via intrinsic motivation.
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47.
  • Ronkainen, Jukka, et al. (författare)
  • Duodenal eosinophilia and the link to anxiety : A population-based endoscopic study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 33:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: The concept of gut-to-brain communication via microbial or inflammatory pathways is gaining increased attention but genuine pathology directly linking gut perturbation to anxiety is lacking. We hypothesized that duodenal eosinophilia, as known to occur in functional dyspepsia (FD), may be an underlying cause of anxiety and may help explain the striking association between FD and anxiety.Methods: Randomly selected subjects from the national population register of Sweden completed the validated Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire; 1000 completed esophagogastroduodenoscopy and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. Duodenal biopsies were obtained from 1(st) (D1) and 2(nd) portion (D2). Eligible subjects who underwent endoscopy (n = 887) were invited to participate in a 10-year follow-up study with the same questionnaires. Among endoscopy normal subjects, FD was identified by Rome criteria, and controls were symptom free. Duodenal eosinophilia was based on pre-defined cut-offs. Finding are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval and p-value.Results: The study population comprised 89 cases with FD and 124 healthy controls (mean age 62 years, SD 12, 34% male). Clinical anxiety at follow-up was elevated in those with D1 eosinophilia at baseline considering either new-onset anxiety (OR = 4.5, 95% CI 0.8, 23.8; p = 0.08) or follow-up anxiety adjusting for baseline anxiety (OR = 4.51 (95% CI 1.03, 19.81; p = 0.046).Conclusion: Duodenal eosinophilia may potentially be a mechanism linked to anxiety independent of FD.
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