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- Aronsson, Kjell-Åke, 1953-
(författare)
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Forest reindeer herding A.D. 1-1800 : an archaeological and palaeoecological study in northern Sweden
- 1991
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with reindeer domestication and herding in northern Sweden. The work is focussed on the introduction of forest reindeer herding but this problem is discussed in a wider economic and cultural context.The archaeological material is considered from sourcecritical aspects. The material remains of reindeer herding consist mainly of organic material which breaks down comparatively quickly in the acid podzol soils of northern Sweden. Artefacts indicative of reindeer herding are very unusual as archaeological finds. The attention is directed to vegetational changes at places where domesticated reindeer have been driven together. Palaeoecological investigations of these vegetational changes were carried out. The vegetational changes and pollen rain around reindeer pens are studied and a method to indicate reindeer herding by pollen analysis is developed.The source materials for the study of the introduction of forest reindeer herding in northern Sweden are archaeological and palaeoecological investigations at 7 sites with cultural remains of dwellings, reindeer pens and reindeer milking grounds. The archaeological material indicates a change of the settlement patterns during the first millenium A.D. A settlement expansion on the traditional reindeer summer pasture grounds is realized. The settlement pattern shows similarities with recent settlements of the reindeer-herding Forest Saami. The pollen analyses indicate small openings in the forest with flourishing grasses and herbs. Pastoral semi-nomadism with small-scale reindeer herding is a possible explanation to the settlement pattern and recorded cultural influence on the forest vegetation. Presumably forest reindeer herding started in the first millenium A.D. In the early phase of forest reindeer herding the numbers of domesticated reindeer must have been small. The cultural influence on the forest vegetation is weak. An expansion of forest reindeer herding occurred in the 1700's. The local influence from reindeer herding on the forest vegetation is evident for the last 200-250 years.The archaeological find material demonstrates far reaching east-west contacts during the Early Iron Age. It seems possible that influences from the reindeer herding cultures in Siberia reached Fennoscandia.The recorded settlement pattern and palaeoecological indications of reindeer herding are set into a context of economic specialisation and exchange, social organization and ideology. Social interaction, diversification and trade seem to have favoured and enforced the expansion of reindeer pastoralism all over Eurasia.
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- Aronsson, Kjell-Åke, 1953-
(författare)
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Forskningsprojektet Samiska kulturmiljöer i Sverige
- 1993
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Ingår i: Kulturmiljövård. - Stockholm : Riksantikvarieämbetet. - 1100-4800. ; :5, s. 29-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Är kulturmiljövårdens urval av samiska kulturmiljöer representativt? Vilka komponenter ingår i ett samiskt kulturlandskap? Hur skall renskötarens landskap avgränsas och beskrivas? Vad finns kvar av äldre samiska kulturmiljöer? - Frågorna har aktualiserats i forskningsprojektet Samiska kulturmiljöer i Sverige, som initierades av Riksantikvarieämbetets kulturmiljöavdelning 1992. Det finns idag en samstämmighet mellan kulturmiljövården och samernas egna intresseorganisationer om att den samiska kulturen måste ges större uppmärksamhet.
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| 4. |
- Aronsson, Kjell-Åke
(författare)
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Kultur, kulturpolitik och turism : konvergens och konflikt
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna publikation ger några reflektioner kring kulturens roll inom turismen och är en sammanfattning av en föreläsning på 8:e nordiska forskarsymposiet i Alta, Norge. Några av rubrikerna i publikationen: - Vad är kulturturism. - Den moderna turismen och industrisamhället. - Turismen som ett redskap för kulturen.
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- Aronsson, Kjell-Åke
(författare)
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Samisk kulturturism. 3. Kulturell identitet och etnicitet i forskning och förmedling : Exemplet samerna
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta Working Paper bygger på ett föredrag som hölls under arkeologkongressen i Umeå 1998. Kjell-Åke Aronsson beskriver orden identitet och etnicitet och tar samerna som exempel. Han tycker att det är meningsfullt att använda sig av etnicitet för att beskriva mänskliga kategoriindelning i samhällen där människor med olika identiteter bor och nyttjar samma territorium. I Jämtland och Härjedalen finns uttalade näringsmässiga och etniska konflikter mellan landsbygdsbefolkningen och samerna. Samernas rätt att driva renskötsel utanför de statliga renbetesfjällen är ifrågasatt . Det innebär i praktiken att de renskötande samernas möjligheter att utöva de traditionella näringarna stängs eftersom renarna blir utan vinterbete.
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- Egelkraut, Dagmar, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple feedbacks contribute to a centennial legacy of reindeer on tundra vegetation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ecosystems (New York. Print). - : Springer. - 1432-9840 .- 1435-0629. ; 21:8, s. 1545-1563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historical contingency is the impact of past events, like the timing and order of species arrival, on community assembly, and can sometimes result in alternative stable states of ecological communities. Large herbivores, wild and domestic, can cause profound changes in the structure and functioning of plant communities and therefore probably influence historical contingency; however, little empirical data on the stability of such shifts or subsequent drivers of stability are available. We studied the centennial legacy of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) pressure on arctic tundra vegetation by considering historical milking grounds (HMGs): graminoid- and forb-dominated patches amid shrub-dominated tundra, formed by historical Sami reindeer herding practices that ended approximately 100 years ago. Our results show that the core areas of all studied HMGs remained strikingly stable, being hardly invaded by surrounding shrubs. Soil nitrogen concentrations were comparable to heavily grazed areas. However, the HMGs are slowly being reinvaded by vegetative growth of shrubs at the edges, and the rate of ingrowth increased with higher mineral N availability. Furthermore, our data indicate that several biotic feedbacks contribute to the stability of the HMGs: increased nutrient turnover supporting herbaceous vegetation, strong interspecific competition preventing invasion and herbivore damage to invading shrubs. In particular, voles and lemmings appear to be important, selectively damaging shrubs in the HMGs. We concluded that HMGs provide clear evidence for historical contingency of herbivore effects in arctic ecosystems. We showed that several biotic feedbacks can contribute to subsequent vegetation stability, but their relative importance will vary in time and space.
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| 11. |
- Stark, Sari, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting vegetation states do not diverge in soil organic matter storage : evidence from historical sites in tundra
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 100:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystems where severe disturbance has induced permanent shifts in vegetation and soil processes may represent alternative stable states. To date, little is known on how long-lasting changes in soil processes are following such disturbances, and how the changes in plant and soil processes between the alternative states eventually manifest themselves in soil organic matter (SOM) storage. Here, we analyzed plant density, the shrub : forb ratio, microbial respiration, extracellular enzyme activities and SOM stocks in soils of subarctic tundra and historical milking grounds, where reindeer herding induced a vegetation transition from deciduous shrubs to graminoids several centuries earlier but were abandoned a century ago. This provides the possibility to compare sites with similar topography, but highly contrasting vegetation for centuries. We found that enzymatic activities and N:P stoichiometry differed between control and disturbed sites, confirming that culturally induced vegetation shifts exert lasting impacts on tundra soil processes. Transition zones, where shrubs had encroached into the historical milking grounds during the past 50 yr, indicated that microbial activities for N and P acquisition changed more rapidly along a vegetation shift than those for microbial C acquisition. Although plant and soil processes differed between control and disturbed sites, we found no effect of historical vegetation transition on SOM stock. Across the study sites, soil SOM stocks were correlated with total plant density but not with the shrub : forb ratio. Our finding that SOM stock was insensitive to a centennial difference in plant community composition suggests that, as such, grazing-induced alternative vegetation states might not necessarily differ in SOM sequestration.
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