| 1. |
- Arraigada, M, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of Road Deflections from Traffic Induced Accelerations
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal on Road Materials and Pavement Design. - 1468-0629 .- 2164-7402. ; 8:3, s. 399-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertical elastic pavement deflections from moving vehicles provide valuable information for assessing the structural behaviour of a road under real loads. Various types of sensors can be installed in a road for deflection monitoring. This paper explores the use of accelerometers. It discusses the problems involving the calculation of deflections from measured acceleration by double integration due to the amplification of measurement errors in the acceleration signal. It proposes a simple algorithm to correct integration errors and obtain deflections from acceleration measurements. It also presents a laboratory testing method to evaluate the performance of two accelerometers for their suitability in road applications. In addition, using a selected accelerometer, pavementdeflections at a wheel tracking test site are calculated and discussed.
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| 2. |
- Arraigada, M, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Accelerometers to Determine Pavement Deflections under Traffic Loads
- 2008
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Ingår i: Materials and Structures. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 42:6, s. 779-790
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this work was to study the use of accelerometers to measure pavement deflections due to traffic loads. To this end, accelerometers were embedded in two sites: the full scale load simulator Circular Test Track (CTT) and the A1 motorway in Switzerland. Deflections were derived from acceleration measurements using an algorithm that double integrates the measured signal and corrects any errors derived from the procedure. In the motorway, deflections were monitored using a set of three magnetostrictive deflectometers. Additionally, the pavement's material viscoelastic parameters determined in the laboratory were incorporated in Finite Element (FE) models to estimate the theoretical deflections. The calculated deflections were then compared to the measured and to the theoretical deflections. Deflections calculated from acceleration showed a reasonable qualitative correlation to those measured by magnetostrictive deflectometers. In addition, the FE models revealed the inability of the accelerometers to measure very slow or quasi-static motion.
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| 3. |
- Morgan, G., et al.
(författare)
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Stress-in-Motion Measurements of Heavy Vehicles from the Swiss Footprint Monitoring Site
- 2008
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Ingår i: 5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress-in-Motion data from the A1 motorway in Switzerland is examined. The data is classifiedby the load and stress distribution of the wheel and five examples are selected as beingrepresentative of the highly loaded wheels passing the site. A finite element model is used toexamine the effects that these five distributions have on the A1 pavement. It is concluded thatwhile there is an approximately linear relationship between pavement strain and wheel loadwhen other parameters are held constant, the effects of the stress distribution are moresignificant in the cases presented. It is also shown that the different stress distributions producesignificantly different effects on pavements irrespective of the wheel load.
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| 4. |
- Poulikakos, L., et al.
(författare)
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Can Environmental Footprint of Vehicles be used for Road Pricing?
- 2008
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Ingår i: 7th European Congress and Exihbition on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The movement of additional goods associated with a single market in Europe will increase rail and road freight traffic and the resulting impact on the environment and infrastructure. To reduce this impact, a better understanding of the dynamic interaction between freight vehicles and the infrastructure and environment is required. The European cooperative project Eureka Logchain Footprint E!2486 aims to develop an innovative and cost effective method to identify road and rail vehicles by means of their environmental "footprint" as characterized by dynamic load, noise, ground borne vibration and gaseous/particle emissions induced by individual vehicles. Switzerland has been a partner in the Footprint project since 2004. The Swiss participation included the installation of the novel Footprint Monitoring Site (FMS) on the A1 motorway in June 2005. This paper presents results from the monitoring of footprint parameters and compares these parameters with the parameters currently used for heavy vehicle fee.
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| 5. |
- Poulikakos, L., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of WIM, Noise, Vibration Data from Heavy Vehicles
- 2008
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Ingår i: 5th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A European cooperative project aims to develop an innovative and cost effective method toidentify road and rail vehicles by means of their environmental "footprint" as characterized bydynamic load, noise, ground borne vibration and gaseous emissions induced by the vehicle.This characterization can produce a method for a ‘true’ bottom up allocation of effects ofvehicles on infrastructure and environment. An important part of this project is the installationof road and rail Footprint Monitoring Sites (FMS) throughout Europe. This paper presents theresults from the Swiss FMS where the environmental Footprints of heavy vehicles aresystematically collected and compared.
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| 6. |
- Poulikakos, L., et al.
(författare)
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In Situ Measurements of the Environmental Footprint of Freight Vehicles in Switzerland
- 2008
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 13:4, s. 274-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eureka Logchain Footprint is an ongoing European cooperative project aimed at developing methods to identify road and rail vehicles through their environmental "footprint" as characterised by their dynamic load, noise, ground borne vibrations, and gaseous emissions. Part of the project involves the installation of road and rail footprint monitoring stations throughout Europe. This paper reports the results of the first road station built on the A1 motorway in Switzerland on a flexible asphalt pavement. Individual vehicle data on weigh in motion, noise and vibration sensors were measured in situ. Methods for the incorporation of gaseous emissions from vehicles are discussed. The results indicate that the various footprint parameters need to be assessed separately to determine the environmental impact of heavy vehicles.
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