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| 5. |
- Halliday, Alison, et al.
(författare)
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10-year stroke prevention after successful carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic stenosis (ACST-1) : A multicentre randomised trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 376:9746, s. 1074-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background If carotid artery narrowing remains asymptomatic (ie, has caused no recent stroke or other neurological symptoms), successful carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces stroke incidence for some years. We assessed the long-term effects of successful CEA. Methods Between 1993 and 2003, 3120 asymptomatic patients from 126 centres in 30 countries were allocated equally, by blinded minimised randomisation, to immediate CEA (median delay 1 month, IQR 0·3-2·5) or to indefinite deferral of any carotid procedure, and were followed up until death or for a median among survivors of 9 years (IQR 6-11). The primary outcomes were perioperative mortality and morbidity (death or stroke within 30 days) and non-perioperative stroke. Kaplan-Meier percentages and logrank p values are from intention-to-treat analyses. This study is registered, number ISRCTN26156392. Findings 1560 patients were allocated immediate CEA versus 1560 allocated deferral of any carotid procedure. The proportions operated on while still asymptomatic were 89·7 versus 4·8 at 1 year (and 92·1 vs 16·5 at 5 years). Perioperative risk of stroke or death within 30 days was 3·0 (95 CI 2·4-3·9; 26 non-disabling strokes plus 34 disabling or fatal perioperative events in 1979 CEAs). Excluding perioperative events and non-stroke mortality, stroke risks (immediate vs deferred CEA) were 4·1 versus 10·0 at 5 years (gain 5·9, 95 CI 4·0-7·8) and 10·8 versus 16·9 at 10 years (gain 6·1, 2·7-9·4); ratio of stroke incidence rates 0·54, 95 CI 0·43-0·68, p<0·0001. 62 versus 104 had a disabling or fatal stroke, and 37 versus 84 others had a non-disabling stroke. Combining perioperative events and strokes, net risks were 6·9 versus 10·9 at 5 years (gain 4·1, 2·0-6·2) and 13·4 versus 17·9 at 10 years (gain 4·6, 1·2-7·9). Medication was similar in both groups; throughout the study, most were on antithrombotic and antihypertensive therapy. Net benefits were significant both for those on lipid-lowering therapy and for those not, and both for men and for women up to 75 years of age at entry (although not for older patients). Interpretation Successful CEA for asymptomatic patients younger than 75 years of age reduces 10-year stroke risks. Half this reduction is in disabling or fatal strokes. Net benefit in future patients will depend on their risks from unoperated carotid lesions (which will be reduced by medication), on future surgical risks (which might differ from those in trials), and on whether life expectancy exceeds 10 years. Funding UK Medical Research Council, BUPA Foundation, Stroke Association.
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| 7. |
- Sorelius, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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The Microbiology of Infective Native Aortic Aneurysms in a Population-Based Setting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0890-5096 .- 1615-5947. ; 78, s. 112-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to describe the microbiology of surgically treated infective native (mycotic) aortic aneurysms (INAAs), and associated survival and development of infection-related complications (IRCs). Methods: Data were pooled from 2 nationwide studies on surgically treated patients with INAAs in Sweden, between 1994 - 2016. Patients were grouped and analyzed according to culture results: 1) Staphylococcus aureus, 2) Streptococcus species (sp.), 3) Salmonella sp., 4) Enterococcus sp., 5) Gram-negative intestinal bacteria, 6) Other sp. (all other species found in culture), and 7) Negative cultures. Results: A sum of 182 patients were included, mean age 71 years (standard deviation; SD: 8.9). The median follow-up was 50.3 months (range 0 - 360). 128 (70.3%) patients had positive blood and/or tissue culture; Staphylococcus aureus n = 38 (20.9%), Streptococcus sp. n = 37 (20.3%), Salmonella sp. n = 19 (10.4%), Enterococcus sp. n = 16 (8.8%), Gram-negative intestinal bacteria n = 6, (3.3%), Other sp. n = 12 (6.6%) and Negative cultures n = 54 (29.7%). The estimated survival for the largest groups at 2-years after surgery was: Staphylococcus aureus 62% (95% Confidence interval 53.9 - 70.1), Streptococcus sp. 74.7% (67.4 - 82.0), Salmonella sp. 73.7% (63.6 - 83.8), Enterococcus sp. 61.9% (49.6 - 74.2), and Negative cultures 89.8% (85.5 - 94.1), P =.051. There were 37 IRCs (20.3%), and 19 (51.4%) were fatal, the frequency was insignificant between the groups. The majority of IRCs, 30/37 (81%), developed during the first postoperative year. Conclusion: In this assessment of microbiological findings of INAAs in Sweden, 50% of the pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., or Salmonella sp.. The overall 20%-frequency of IRCs, and its association with high mortality, motivates long-term antibiotic treatment regardless of microbial findings.
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| 8. |
- Tollemar, V., et al.
(författare)
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Grading of minor salivary gland immuno-histopathology post-allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Cell Press. - 2405-8440. ; 9:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The oral cavity commonly displays mucosal lichenoid lesions and salivary gland dysfunction, which are considered different chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease (cGVHD) patho-physiology's. However, diagnostics of salivary gland (sg-)cGVHD are limited. The objectives of the current study are to evaluate the minor salivary gland (MSG) histo-immunopathological profiles post allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation based on sg-cGVHD criteria. Design: Histopathology was characterized according to two published grading strategies. Firstly, the National Institute of Health (NIH) assessed peri-ductal/acinar infiltration, exocytosis, damage, and fibrosis, and a points-based grading scheme was established (0-16 points, Grade (G) 0 to IV). Second, a modified Sjo center dot gren's Syndrome focus-score with parenchymal damage was also adapted, (0-10 points, Score 0 to 2). 146 MSG biopsies from 79 patients were compared, using the his-topathological specific criteria for sg-cGVHD pathology. Quantitative immunohistochemistry for T-cells (CD4, CD8), B-cells (CD19, CD20), monocytic cells (CD68) and dendritic cells (CD1a) were also assessed. Results: The large-scale cohort validated the use of both grading schemes. GIII-GIV and score 2 signified a histopathological diagnosis of "likely" sg-cGVHD. Immunopathological severity was associated with increased T-cells (CD4 and CD8) and monocytic (CD68) infiltrate, with minimal involvement of B-cells (CD19 and CD20), and Langerhans cells (CD1a). Conclu-sions: Both schemes were verified as being suitable for histological grading to improve assess-ment and diagnosis of sg-cGVHD. The NIH cGVHD grading appears to be more beneficial for research purposes, including final diagnostics of "no/inactive", "possible" or "likely" cGVHD. The study highlights the intricacies of sg-cGVHD pathology; and the need for standardized assessment to improve patient management associated to sg-cGVHD.
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| 9. |
- Adrianto, Lugas Raka, et al.
(författare)
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How can LCA include prospective elements to assess emerging technologies and system transitions? The 76th LCA Discussion Forum on Life Cycle Assessment, 19 November 2020
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1614-7502 .- 0948-3349. ; 26:8, s. 1541-1544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes the 76th LCA Discussion Forum end its main findings. Main issues when addressing emerging technologies identified were: the lack of primary data, the need for (shared) future background scenarios and (guidlines for) a common methodology. The following recommendations have been derived by the organizers: 1) Specific foreground inventories are always tailor-made, but consistency can be improved through lists of mandatory considerations. 2) Continue sharing (future) technology data and proxy processes, that can be readily replicated to new studies and assist in developing inventories. 3) Streamline and unify the process of including scenarios for background systems. New approaches may provide first important solutions to efficiently include consistent future scenarios in prospective LCA.
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| 10. |
- Arvidsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Water with Food Intake Does Not Influence Caloric Intake After Gastric Bypass (GBP): a Cross-Over Trial.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1708-0428 .- 0960-8923. ; 25:2, s. 249-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bariatric patients seeking information meet very different recommendations on postoperative diet and eating behaviour. A reason for variability may be lack of hard evidence. A national survey on current dietary advice was conducted to serve as background for the present study on how drinking during a meal influenced caloric consumption.
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| 11. |
- Arvidsson, Barbro, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychiatric nurses' conceptions of how a group supervision programme in nursing care influences their professional competence : a 4-year follow-up study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - Chichester, United Kingdom : Blackwell Publishing. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 9:3, s. 161-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of the study was to describe, after 4 years, psychiatric nurses' conceptions of how a 2-year group supervision programme within nursing care had influenced their professional competence.BACKGROUND: The intention of group supervision in nursing care is to understand nurses' experiences within real care settings and to structure these in a professional and personal context.METHODS: Ten psychiatric nurses participated in a 2-year group supervision programme. They were interviewed 4 years after the group supervision was ended. Data were analysed according to the phenomenographic method.FINDINGS: Six description categories emerged: a feeling of job satisfaction; gaining knowledge and competence; gaining a sense of security in nursing situations; a feeling of personal development; realizing the value of supervision; and a sense of professional solidarity.CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the 4-year follow-up showed that a group supervision programme in nursing care had lasting influences on the psychiatric nurses' professional competence in the form of a pronounced professional identity and an integrated nursing care perspective. Group supervision contributes to maintaining the strength and energy needed to carry on working, which makes continuing supervision necessary.IMPLICATIONS: An important research implication could be to investigate the type of knowledge that ought to be developed within group supervision in nursing care.© 2001 Blackwell Science Ltd.
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| 13. |
- Arvidsson, Barbro, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychiatric nurses' conceptions of how group supervision in nursing care influences their professional competence
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 8:3, s. 175-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of the study was to describe, after 1 and 2 years respectively, psychiatric nurses' conceptions of how group supervision within nursing care influenced their professional competence.BACKGROUND: The intention of group supervision in nursing care is to understand nurses' experiences within real care settings and to structure these in a professional and personal context.THE STUDY: Ten psychiatric nurses participated in the group supervision. They were interviewed on two occasions: after 1 and 2 years, respectively.FINDINGS: The data analysis was influenced by the phenomenographic approach and provided four description categories: a feeling of job satisfaction; acquiring knowledge and competence; gaining a sense of security in nursing situations; and a feeling of personal development.CONCLUSIONS: In supervision, practice and theory are integrated, resulting in enhanced nursing competence among the participants. Supervision should be an integrated part of nursing work and regarded as a means of quality assurance. A long-term follow-up could give valuable proof that group supervision in nursing care has a lasting effect on nurses' professional competence.
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| 16. |
- Arvidsson, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise training and physiological responses to acute stress: study protocol and methodological considerations of a randomised controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. - : BMJ. - 2055-7647. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This paper describes the protocol and methodological prerequisites for a randomised controlled exercise intervention. Selected baseline data from the study are also presented, demonstrating some methodological challenges related to exercise intervention trials. The aim of the trial was to study the effects of exercise training on physiological responses to acute psychosocial stress in untrained individuals. Methods: Individuals with a low level of physical activity were invited to participate in an exercise intervention lasting for 6 months. A total of 119 participants were included and went through a peak oxygen uptake test and a psychosocial stress test at baseline. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol were measured in connection to the stress test to identify the physiological response. Results: Almost 90% of the participants reported themselves as untrained, but results from the objectively measured oxygen uptake did not seem to correspond to the reported sedentary lifestyle. The primary outcome measures at baseline varied between individuals. The mean change from pre-test to peak value was 214% for ACTH and 94% for cortisol. Of these, 13 individuals did not respond in ACTH and/or and cortisol. Discussion: Supposedly untrained individuals seeking participation in an exercise intervention might not be as untrained as they report, a methodological consideration of importance when evaluating the effects of training. Another important consideration is related to the primary outcome measure, which should be measurable and possible to affect. Absence of reaction at baseline means that changes can only be detected as an increased reaction.
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| 20. |
- Arvidsson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Easily Applicable Methods for Measuring the Mental Load on Tractor Operators
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. - : American Society of Agricultural & Biological Engineers. - 1074-7583 .- 1943-7846. ; 26:1, s. 5-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agriculture technology is moving toward automation, placing operators in a supervisory role. This change in operator workload may lead to increased stress and higher mental load, resulting in reduced attention and hence greater risk of illness or injury to humans and damage to equipment. This study investigated the use of easily applicable equipment to measure mental load. Three methods were used to measure the mental load on machine operators: heart rate monitoring, two types of electroencephalograph (EEG) evaluation, and an assessment protocol. Three driving exercises (general driving, slalom driving, and loading) and a counting exercise were used in a driving simulator to create different levels of mental load. Due to the number of exercises, a single-scale assessment protocol was used to save time. We found that only the assessment protocol gave clear results and would work well as an evaluation tool. The heart rate and EEG measurements did not provide clear data for mental load assessment.
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| 21. |
- Arvidsson, J, et al.
(författare)
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The first case of the Sanfilippo type C syndrome in Scandinavia
- 1983
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-656X .- 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 72:2, s. 313-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Swedish patient with typical symptoms of the Sanfilippo Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis III) is described. The early onset of the disease, the presence of hepatomegaly, early dementia and the absence of umbilical bernia are consistent with the subgroup Sanfilippo A. Enzyme studies indicate the diagnosis Sanfilippo C, and thus the patient represents a more severe form of this subgroup than any of the four other patients hitherto described in detail.
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| 22. |
- Arvidsson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Bidirectional associations between psychosocial well-being and adherence to healthy dietary guidelines in European children: prospective findings from the IDEFICS study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In children the relationship between a healthy diet and psychosocial well-being has not been fully explored and the existing evidence is inconsistent. This study investigates the chronology of the association between children's adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and their well-being, with special attention to the influence of weight status on the association. Methods: Seven thousand six hundred seventy five children 2 to 9 years old from the eight-country cohort study IDEFICS were investigated. They were first examined between September 2007 and June 2008 and re-examined again 2 years later. Psychosocial well-being was measured using self-esteem and parent relations questions from the KINDL (R) and emotional and peer problems from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A Healthy Dietary Adherence Score (HDAS) was calculated from a 43-item food frequency questionnaire as a measure of the degree to which children's dietary intake follows nutrition guidelines. The analysis employed multilevel logistic regression (country as random effect) with bidirectional modeling of dichotomous dietary and well-being variables as both exposures and outcomes while controlling for respective baseline values. Results: A higher HDAS at baseline was associated with better self-esteem (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0; 1.4) and fewer emotional and peer problems (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1; 1.3 and OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2; 1.4) 2 years later. For the reversed direction, better self-esteem was associated with higher HDAS 2 years later (OR 1.1 95% CI 1.0; 1.29). The analysis stratified by weight status revealed that the associations between higher HDAS at baseline and better well-being at follow-up were similar in both normal weight and overweight children. Conclusion: Present findings suggest a bidirectional relation between diet quality and self-esteem. Additionally, higher adherence to healthy dietary guidelines at baseline was associated with fewer emotional and peer problems at follow-up, independent of children's weight status.
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| 23. |
- Arvidsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Passivitet inom avtalsrätten
- 2019
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Ingår i: Festskrift till Göran Millqvist. - 9789172237476 ; , s. 97-123
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Arvidsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Antibacterial and Hemolytic Activity of Shorter- and Longer-Chain B-, a,B-, and y-Peptides, and of B-Peptides from B2-3-Aza- and B3-2-Methylidene-amino Acids Bearing Proteinogenic Side Chains - A Survey
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemistry & Biodiversity. ; 2, s. 401-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antibacterial activities of 31 different b-, mixed a/B-, and y-peptides, as well as of B-peptides derived from B2-3-aza- and B3-2-methylidene-amino acids were assayed against six pathogens (Enterococcus faecails, STaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and the results were compared with literature data. The interaction of these peptides with mammalian cells, as modeled by measuring the hemolysis of human erythrocytes, was also investigated. In addition to those peptides designed to fold into amphiphilic helical conformations with positive charges on one face of the helix, one new peptide with hemolytic activity was detected within the sample set. Moreover, it was demontrated that neither cationic peptides used for membrane translocation (B3-oligoarginines), nor mixeda/B- or y-peptides with somatostatin-mimicking activities display unwanted hemolytic activity.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Arvidsson, Yvonne, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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ASK1 resistant neuroblastoma is deficient in activation of p38 kinase.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Cell death and differentiation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1350-9047 .- 1476-5403. ; 8:10, s. 1029-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1) is known to either induce apoptosis or differentiation in various cell lines of neuronal origin. We analyzed the effect of the constitutively active mutant of ASK1 (ASK1-Delta N) in an adenoviral vector in four neuroblastoma cell lines, two murine, C1300 and NXS2, and two human, SH-SY5Y and IMR-32. Already after 24 h upon infection, C1300 and SH-SY5Y cells arrested in growth when judged by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, and the majority of the cells demonstrated apoptotic appearance, which was confirmed by DNA-laddering in gel electrophoresis. In contrast, NXS2 and IMR-32 cell lines remained unaffected. Immunoblotting revealed strongly phosphorylated p38 MAPK accompanied by weakly phosphorylated JNK in C1300 and SH-SY5Y, whereas none of these kinases were activated by adenoviruses expressing the kinase negative ASK1 mutant or beta-galactosidase. There was no expression of phosphorylated kinases in IMR-32 cells, but NXS2 showed a faint band of phosphorylated p38 MAPK. Addition of the p38 MAPK specific inhibitor, SB203580, protected C1300 and SH-SY5Y cells from apoptosis induced by ASK1-Delta N. The anti-neoplastic agent, paclitaxel, activates ASK1 and JNK, and promotes the in vitro assembly of stable microtubules. Addition of 10 nM paclitaxel sensitised the NXS2 cell line to ASK1-induced cell death. Our results indicate that ASK1 induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells mainly via the p38 MAPK pathway, and resistant neuroblastoma cells can be sensitised to ASK1 by paclitaxel.
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| 28. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of physical activity on prescription for children with obesity in paediatric health care (IMPA): protocol for a feasibility and evaluation study using quantitative and qualitative methods
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pilot and Feasibility Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-5784. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical inactivity is a main cause of childhood obesity which tracks into adulthood obesity, making it important to address early in life. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) is an evidence-based intervention that has shown good effect on physical activity levels in adults, but has not been evaluated in children with obesity. This project aims to evaluate the prerequisites, determinants, and feasibility of implementing PAP adapted to children with obesity and to explore children's, parents', and healthcare providers' experiences of PAP. Methods: In the first phase of the project, healthcare providers and managers from 26 paediatric clinics in Region Vastra Gotaland, Sweden, will be invited to participate in a web-based survey and a subset of this sample for a focus group study. Findings from these two data collections will form the basis for adaptation of PAP to the target group and context. In a second phase, this adapted PAP intervention will be evaluated in a clinical study in a sample of approximately 60 children with obesity (ISO-BMI > 30) between 6 and 12 years of age and one of their parents/legal guardians. Implementation process and clinical outcomes will be assessed pre- and post-intervention and at 8 and 12 months' follow-up. Implementation outcomes are the four core constructs of the Normalization Process Theory; coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring; and appropriateness, acceptability, and feasibility of the PAP intervention. Additional implementation process outcomes are recruitment and attrition rates, intervention fidelity, dose, and adherence. Clinical outcomes are physical activity pattern, BMI, metabolic risk factors, health-related quality of life, sleep, and self-efficacy and motivation for physical activity. Lastly, we will explore the perspectives of children and parents in semi-structured interviews. Design and analysis of the included studies are guided by the Normalization Process Theory. Discussion: This project will provide new knowledge regarding the feasibility of PAP for children with obesity and about whether and how an evidence-based intervention can be fitted and adapted to new contexts and populations. The results may inform a larger scale trial and future implementation and may enhance the role of PAP in the management of obesity in paediatric health care in Sweden.
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| 30. |
- Bornhöft, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Development and feasibility of a function-based preventive intervention for lifestyle-related disorders
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC PUBLIC HEALTH. - 1471-2458. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe enormous effect of lifestyle-related disorders on health of the global population warrants the development of preventive interventions. Focusing on musculoskeletal health and physical activity may be a way to encourage necessary lifestyle changes by making them more concrete and understandable. The aims of the current study were to develop a function-based preventive intervention aimed at lifestyle-related disorders in physically inactive 40-year-old people and to investigate the feasibility of the intervention. The feasibility study aimed to solve practical and logistical challenges and to develop the intervention based on the experiences of participants and involved clinical personnel according to defined criteria.MethodsDevelopment of the standardised functional examination was based on literature-validated tests and clinical reasoning. Development of a risk profile was based on the functional examination and similar profiles which have already proved feasible. The feasibility of the functional examination and risk profile, together with function-based lifestyle counselling was tested on 27 participants in a pilot study with two physiotherapist examinations over a four-month period. Practical results and feedback from participants and collaborating personnel were examined.ResultsThe functional examination consists of 20 established tests not requiring specialised equipment or training which were deemed relevant for a middle-aged population and a sub-maximal ergometer test. The risk profile consists of seven functional dimensions: cardiovascular fitness, strength in upper extremity, lower extremity and trunk, mobility, balance and posture, and three non-functional dimensions: weight, self-assessed physical activity and pain. Each dimension contains at least two measures. The participants appreciated the intervention and found it motivating for making lifestyle changes. They found the tests and risk profile understandable and could see them as tools to help achieve concrete goals. The examination required 60-75 min for one physiotherapist. The recruitment rate was low and recruited participants were highly motivated to making lifestyle changes.ConclusionThis project developed a functional test battery and risk profile aimed at inactive 40-year-olds which fulfilled our feasibility criteria. Functional screening and lifestyle counselling were found to be of value to a sub-group of inactive 40-year-olds who were already motivated to improve their health situations.
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| 31. |
- Cabrera Molero, Inés, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-layer adaptation for TCP-based applications in WCDMA systems
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we consider TCP-based applications over a high bandwidth wireless channel, such as the High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) channel in aWCDMAsystem, in two setups: a nominal one that employs end-to-end TCPReno and a new one that employs Cross-Layer Adaptation (CLA) in the form of Radio Network Feedback (RNF). For theCLAsetup, the Radio Resource Management unit in the Radio Network Controller (RNC) provides a proxy with reports on the radio link bandwidth and the queue level. The proxy transport layer takes appropriate actions on these reports. By doing so, it utilizes the air-interface spectrum more efficiently and keeps the layer-2 queue in the RNCclose a predetermined level. These new control mechanisms are evaluated through ns-2 simulations. In a number of realistic use cases it is shown that the new CLAsetup reduces the time to serve users, and substantially increases the radio link utilization and decreases the required buffer size in the RNC.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Dobrovolsky, Vasily N., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of arylformamidase (kynurenine formamidase) gene inactivation in mice on enzymatic activity, kynurenine pathway metabolites and phenotype
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. ; :1724, s. 163-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gene coding for arylformamidase (Afmid, also known as kynurenine formamidase) was inactivated in mice through the removal of a shared bidirectional promoter region regulating expression of the Afmid and thymidine kinase (Tk) genes. Afmid/Tk-deficient mice are known to develop sclerosis of glomeruli and to have an abnormal immune system. Afmid-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-formyl-kynurenine is a key step in tryptophan metabolism and biosynthesis of kynurenine-derived products including kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, nicotinamide, NAD, and NADP. A disruption of these pathways is implicated in neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity. In wild-type (WT) mice, Afmid-specific activity (as measured by formyl-kynurenine hydrolysis) was 2-fold higher in the liver than in the kidney. Formyl-kynurenine hydrolysis was reduced by ~50% in mice heterozygous (HZ) for Afmid/Tk and almost completely eliminated in Afmid/Tk knockout (KO) mice. However, there was 13% residual formyl-kynurenine hydrolysis in the kidney of KO mice, suggesting the existence of a formamidase other than Afmid. Liver and kidney levels of nicotinamide plus NAD/NADP remained the same in WT, HZ and KO mice. Plasma concentrations of formyl-kynurenine, kynurenine, and kynurenic acid were elevated in KO mice (but not HZ mice) relative to WT mice, further suggesting that there must be enzymes other than Afmid (possibly in the kidney) capable of metabolizing formyl-kynurenine into kynurenine. Gradual kidney deterioration and subsequent failure in KO mice is consisten with high levels of tissue-specific Afmid expression in the kidney of WT but not KO mice. On this basis, the most significant function of the kynurenine pathway and Afmid in mice may be in eliminating toxic metabolites and to a lesser extent in providing intermediates for other processes.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Fick, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic levels of levonorgestrel detected in blood plasma of fish: results from screening rainbow trout exposed to treated sewage effluents.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environmental science & technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 44:7, s. 2661-2666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmaceuticals are found in surface waters worldwide, raising concerns about effects on aquatic organisms. Analyses of pharmaceuticals in blood plasma of fish could provide means to assess risk for pharmacological effects, as these concentrations could be compared with available human therapeutic plasma levels. In this study we investigated if fish exposed to sewage effluents have plasma concentrations of pharmaceuticals that are approaching human therapeutic levels. We also evaluated how well the bioconcentration of pharmaceuticals into fish blood plasma can be predicted based on lipophilicity. Rainbow trout were exposed to undiluted, treated sewage effluents at three sites in Sweden for 14 days. Levels of 25 pharmaceuticals in blood plasma and effluents were analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. The progestin pharmaceutical levonorgestrel was detected in fish blood plasma at concentrations (8.5-12 ng mL(-1)), exceeding the human therapeutic plasma level. In total 16 pharmaceuticals were detected in fish plasma at concentrations higher than 1/1000 of the human therapeutic plasma concentration. Twenty-one pharmaceuticals were detected in either plasma or effluent, and 14 were detected in both compartments, allowing plasma bioconcentration factors to be determined. For 11 of these, theoretically calculated and experimentally measured values were in reasonably good agreement. However a few drugs, including levonorgestrel, did not bioconcentrate according to the screening model used. This study shows that rainbow trout exposed to sewage effluents have blood plasma levels of pharmaceuticals similar to human therapeutic concentrations, suggesting a risk for pharmacological effects in the fish. There is a particular concern about effects of progestin pharmaceuticals. For levonorgestrel, the measured effluent level (1 ng/L) was higher than water levels shown to reduce the fertility of fish.
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| 37. |
- Gerber, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting Graded Exercise as a Part of Multimodal Treatment in Patients Diagnosed with Stress-Related Exhaustion
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 24:13-14, s. 1904-1915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives The purpose of this study was to examine, by using patient cohort data, the changes in exercise habits during a 12-month multimodal treatment period, in patients seeking specialist care for stress-related exhaustion. Background Randomised controlled trials have greatly contributed to the fact that both physicians and patients regard regular exercise participation as a highly valuable and effective treatment for mental health disorders. Nevertheless, little is known about the adherence to physical activity recommendations for patients with stress-related mental problems in a clinical setting. Knowledge about what can be achieved within the clinical context, and how current treatments can be improved, is crucial for clinicians, researchers, educators, managers and policy makers involved in nursing practice. Design Longitudinal analysis of patient cohort data. Methods The sample consisted of 169 patients (79% women; mean age = 42·7 years) who were referred to a stress clinic due to stress-related exhaustion. All patients received multimodal treatment with similar components. Two different approaches to promote exercise were used in the clinical work (general comprehensive instruction either with or without an 18-week coached exercise programme). The self-reported overall exercise level was assessed at baseline and at three, six and 12 months after the first visit. Group by time effects were examined with repeated measures analyses of variance. Results The frequency, duration and intensity of exercise increased substantially during the first three months of multimodal treatment. Although exercise levels tended to decrease thereafter, there was still a significant time effect at the 12-month follow-up showing that follow-up exercise levels were higher than at baseline. Conclusion Both general exercise instructions and coached exercise were effective in promoting exercise involvement. Relevance to clinical practice Exercise can be successfully promoted as a part of multimodal treatment in patients with stress-related exhaustion.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Granlund, Gösta H., et al.
(författare)
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GOP, A Paradigm in Hierarchical Image Processing
- 1982
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Ingår i: Proceedings of The First IEEE Computer Society International Symposium on Medical Imaging and Image Interpretation, ISMI II'82.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 40. |
- Granlund, Gösta H., et al.
(författare)
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The GOP Image Computer
- 1983
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Ingår i: Fundamentals in Computer Vision. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0521250994
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Hanson, E, et al.
(författare)
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Working together with persons with early stage dementia and their family members to design a user-friendly technology based support service
- 2007
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Ingår i: Dementia. - : Sage Publications Ltd.. - 1471-3012 .- 1741-2684. ; 6:3, s. 411-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes how researchers, practitioners and technicians in West Sweden worked together with older people with early stage dementia and their family members to develop a user-friendly technology-based information, education and support service, based on the generic ACTION participatory design model. Ways of working in partnership with older people with early stage dementia and their family members are explored, and key lessons learned are highlighted. The overriding message is that elders with early stage dementia can be actively involved throughout the entire research and development process. Essential prerequisites are time and ongoing support by skilled practitioners and family members. Preliminary findings reveal that older people with early stage dementia can learn and benefit from user-friendly technology, especially when used together with others in a similar situation.
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| 43. |
- Jason, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of Skew in Optical Fibre Ribbons from a Process Point of View
- 1998
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Ingår i: Communication cables and related technologies. - Amsterdam : IOS press. - 9051994044 ; , s. 328-335
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Optical parallel data links offer the possibility of transferring large amounts of data at higher speed. When using parallel transmission the difference in time delay, the skew, between the channels must be small. In order to minimise the skew in optical interconnects it is vital to have control over the fibre ribbon in the link. In this paper different fibre, ribbon and process parameters affecting the skew are discussed with focus on the encapsulated 4-fibre ribbon. Also 8- and 12-fibre ribbons are considered. Typical skew values in each case are presented. As a conclusion design rules for minimising the skew are given.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Karlsson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Frequency doubling in periodically poled RbTiOAsO4
- 1996
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Ingår i: ELECTRONICS LETTERS. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 0013-5194. ; 32:6, s. 556-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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