| 1. |
- Abboud, Amina, et al.
(författare)
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Årsbok 2018 : Socialhögskolan, Lunds universitet
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Socialhögskolans årsbok ger en liten inblick i vad vi gör och vi hoppas att den bidrar till att presentera utsnitt från vår verksamhet på ett trevligt och samlat sätt. Årsboken som är Socialhögskolans tredje uppmärksammar inte bara det som skett på Socialhögskolan under 2018. Den uppmärksammar även att 2018 var året då svensk äldreomsorg fyllde 100 år. Årsbokens gästredaktör Per Gunnar Edebalk inleder därför bokens forskningsavsnitt med att i år skriva om just hundraåringens historia. Det är inledningen på ett avsnitt där flera forskare vid Socialhögskolan bjuder på bidrag som lyfter fram aspekter av äldreomsorg och åldrande.Håkan Jönson och Tove Harnett resonerar om de begrepp som omgärdar äldreomsorgens möten och organisering sett i ett socialt arbetets perspektiv. De två har även skrivit en artikel om huruvida behov ska ses annorlunda mellan grupper bara för att man passerat en viss ålder.Däremellan presenteras en text av Erika Werner som låter oss möta frågor kring en sviken generation, här genom ett möte med Agnes, som hamnade mitt i skarven när pensionssystemet reformerades. Elisabeth Carlstedt presenterar en text om hur äldreomsorgens särskilda boenden arbetar i relation till Socialtjänstlagens direktiv om meningsfullhet och värdighet, och hur svårt det är. Lars Harrysson presenterar därefter ett avsnitt om två forskningsprojekt som han och Erika Werner gjort där fokus har legat dels på pensioner för personer i ekonomiskt utsatta grupper, speciellt med migrantbakgrund, dels om hur tro och äldreomsorg samspelar, eller inte. Äldreomsorgsavsnittet avslutas sedan med en intervju som Patrik Hekkala gjort med Peter Andersson som startade kursen socialt arbete med äldre och med Tove Harnett som tagit över och fortsatt utvecklingsarbetet till dags datum.Årsboken avslutas sedan med fyra texter. En av Amina Abboud, snart färdig socionom, som skriver om sina erfarenheter av och i uppsatsskrivandet. Sedan en där vi får möta Carina Olsson som arbetat hos oss länge, men som faktiskt arbetat vid universitetet i 40 år 2018. Emelie Dahlström, Joakim Grina och Jan Abrahamsson ger sedan en bakgrundsteckning till en hos Socialhögskolan verksam social accelerator, SoPact. Som avrundning finner du sedan lite mer information om vår verksamhet här vid Socialhögskolan.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Alf, et al.
(författare)
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Computer games as meeting places and as fiction
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arv. Nordic Yearbook of Folklore. - Uppsala : Kungl. Gustav Adolfs akademien. - 0066-8176 .- 2002-4185. ; , s. 47-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Daniel, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Guide till metoder för att mäta fysisk aktivitet.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Idrottsmedicin. - 2001-3302. ; 16:3, s. 16-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom såväl forskning som klinik behöver man ofta uppskatta fysisk aktivitet på olika sätt. Det är viktigt att man använder rätt mätmetoder och är förtrogen med deras fördelar och begränsningar. Utvecklingen inom detta område går snabbt. Denna artikel är en kort guide över de vanligaste metoderna.
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, 1969-
(författare)
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Assessment of participation in people with a mild intellectual disability
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to explore an assessment of participation according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in people with a mild intellectual disability.Study I used secondary data and explored how participation can be assessed. Study II-IV explored participation empirically regarding 68 everyday activities from all nine life domains according to the ICF. Study II explored assessment of self-rated participation by investigating to what extent perceived ability, actual performance and perceived importance correlated. Study III-IV explored the contribution of perceived importance to an assessment of participation; study III by investigating frequencies of everyday activities regarding performance and importance separately as well as regarding combined measures of performance and perceived importance, and study IV by comparing proxy ratings with self-rated measures regarding ability and measures of participation. Study III also correlated measures of participation with a single-item measure of subjective general well-being and study II and IV investigated internal consistency in terms of Cronbach’s alpha. Study II and III included 55 and 69 individuals with intellectual disability respectively. Study IV included 40 individuals with intellectual disability and 40 proxy persons. The informants from the target group were partly the same.Study II and IV supported the suggestions from study I that participation should be assessed by self-ratings and study II found that this is an appropriate method also to people with a mild intellectual disability. Study III showed that participation is related to subjective well-being. Study III-IV found somewhat different results if measuring participation as performance solely or as a combination of performance and perceived importance. Overall, the results of the thesis suggest that performance solely might be sufficient to assess participation at a group level but in a clinical context, when the knowledge of a certain individual is of interest, the perceived aspect of involvement is necessary to include in an assessment of participation.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Content validity and usefulness of Picture My Participation for measuring participation in children with and without intellectual disability in South Africa and Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 27:5, s. 336-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Participation comprises attendance and involvement in everyday situations. Picture My Participation (PmP) is an instrument intended to measure participation in children with disabilities, particularly in low and middle income countries. Aim: To investigate content validity and usefulness of PmP for measuring participation in children with intellectual disability (ID) in South Africa and Sweden. Methods: A picture supported interview with 149 children, 6-18 years, with and without ID. Twenty everyday activities were provided. The three most important activities were selected by the child. Attendance was rated on all activities. Involvement was rated on the most important. Results: All activities were selected as important by at least one child with ID in both countries. There were similarities in perceived importance between the children with and without ID from South Africa. The children from South Africa with ID were the only subgroup that used all scale points for rating attendance and involvement. Conclusion: The 20 selected activities of PmP were especially relevant for children with ID in South Africa. The usefulness of the scales was higher for the children with ID in both countries. PmP is promising for assessing participation across different settings but psychometrical properties and clinical utility need further exploration.
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| 7. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the group intervention "Let's Get Organized" for improving time management, organisational, and planning skills in people with mild intellectual disability
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Pharma Intelligence UK Ltd.. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 30:8, s. 1257-1266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Limited time management skills cause problems in daily life for people with mild intellectual disability (ID) and "Let's Get Organized" (LGO) is a promising manual-based occupational therapy group intervention aiming to support management skills.AIMS/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the applicability of the Swedish version of LGO-S by i) exploring enhancements in time management skills, satisfaction with daily occupations, and aspects of executive functioning in people with time-management difficulties and mild ID, and ii) describing clinical experiences of using the LGO-S for people with mild ID.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-one adults with mild ID were included. Data were collected pre-/post-intervention and at 3- and 12-month follow-ups with: Swedish version of Assessment of Time Management Skills (ATMS-S), Satisfaction with Daily Occupation (SDO-13), and Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA-SE). There were few follow-up participants (n = 6-9).RESULTS: Significant change in time management skills that maintained at 12-months follow-ups. Significant increase in regulation of emotions at 12-month follow-up. Results at 12-months follow-up indicated sustainability in outcomes as measured by ATMS-S. A non-significant positive trend was observed in other outcomes between pre- and post-intervention.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: LGO-S seems applicable for improving skills in time management, organisation and planning also for people with mild ID.
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| 8. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Factors related to self-fated participation in adolescents and adults with mild intellectual disability - A systematic literature review
- 2008
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Ingår i: JARID. - : Wiley. - 1360-2322 .- 1468-3148. ; 21, s. 277-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Self-rated participation is a clinically relevant intervention outcome for people with mild intellectual disability. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse empirical studies that explored relationships between either environmental factors or individual characteristics and aspects of participation in young adults with mild intellectual disability. Method Four databases were used, 756 abstracts examined and 24 studies were evaluated in-depth. Results Four aspects of participation were found: involvement, perceptions of self, self-determination and psychological well-being. Reported environmental factors were: social support, choice opportunity, living conditions, school, work and leisure, attitudes, physical availability and society. Reported individual characteristics were adaptive and social skills. Conclusions There is a relative lack of studies of factors influencing self-rated participation and existing studies are difficult to compare because of disparity regarding approaches, conceptual frameworks, etc. For adequate interventions, it seems important to study how profiles of participation are influenced by different patterns of environmental factors and individual characteristics. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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How are the activity and participation aspects of the ICF used? : Examples from studies of people with intellectual disability
- 2015
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Ingår i: NeuroRehabilitation (Reading, MA). - : IOS Press. - 1053-8135 .- 1878-6448. ; 36:1, s. 45-49
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Interdisciplinary differences regarding understanding the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) concepts activity/participation may hinder its unifying purpose. In the ICF model, functioning (and disability) is described as a tripartite concept: 1) Body structures/functions, 2) Activities, and 3) Participation. Activities refer to an individual perspective on disability that does not tally with the basic structure of social models. OBJECTIVE: To review how activity and participation are actually used in studies of intellectual disability (ID). CONCLUSION: Based on 16 papers, four different usages of activity/participation were found. 1) Theoretical reference to tripartite ICF concept with attempts to use it. 2) Theoretical reference to tripartite ICF concept without actual use of activities. 3) "Atheoretical" approach with implicit focus on participation. 4) Theoretical reference to bipartite concept with corresponding use of terms. The highlighted studies have in common a focus on participation. However, the usage of the term "activity" differs both within and between studies. Such terminology will probably confuse interdisciplinary communication rather than facilitating it. Also, the use of an explicit underlying theory differs, from references to a tripartite to references to a bipartite concept of disability. This paper is focused on ID, but the discussed principles regarding the ICF and interdisciplinary disability theory are applicable to other diagnostic groups within rehabilitation practices.
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| 11. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE LEARNING PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Routledge Handbook of Inclusive Education for Teacher Educators: Issues, Considerations, and Strategies. - London : Taylor and Francis Inc.. ; , s. 256-265, s. 256-265
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- All children have the right to become equal citizens of the society. Children with intellectual disabilities have difficulties in learning and may need support to reach that equality, and some extra resources may be needed. Compared to children with typical development, children with intellectual disabilities have problems in three cognitive areas that are essential for learning activities: Abstract thinking. Understanding/using abstract symbols (text, numbers, money, and time) and imagining non-experienced things and situations. Several-steps thinking. Understanding multiple-level instructions and connections between cause and effect. Simultaneous handling of information. Nuanced considerations/comparisons, risk considerations and problem solving that manifest in complex social situations. Endorsing an interactive bio-psycho-social understanding of intellectual disabilities implies that learning limitations are the discrepancy between abilities and the level and/or quality of support, and according to this an inclusive approach to learning should be based on knowledge about abilities rather than dis-abilities. Two inclusive classroom strategies for learning are presented and discussed in this chapter. These strategies seek ways of providing universal, inclusive learning situations where children with intellectual disability can interact with any children and the most important role for a teacher is to find ways to support the children in that interaction.
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| 12. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Important aspects of participation and participation restrictions in people with a mild intellectual disability
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose This study explored a possibility to assess the concepts of participation and participation restrictions in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by combining self-ratings of the perceived importance with the actual performance of different everyday activities in people with a mild intellectual disability.Method Structured interviews regarding 68 items from the ICF activity/participation domain were conducted (n=69). The items were ranked by perceived importance, performance and by combined measures. Also, the measures were related to a single question about subjective general well-being.Results Rankings of performance highlighted about the same items as ‘important participation’, while rankings of low performance addressed quite different items compared with ‘important participation restriction’. Significant correlations were found between subjective general well-being and: high performance (r=0.56), high performance/high importance (‘important participation’) (r=0.56), low performance (r=-0.56), and low performance/high importance (‘important participation restriction’ (r=-0.55).Conclusions The results support the clinical relevance of the ICF and the studied selection of 68 items. Although performance only may sometimes be a relevant aspect, knowledge about the relationship between the perceived importance and the actual performance is essential for clinical interventions and for research aiming to understand specific needs regarding participation.
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| 13. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Important aspects of participation and participation restrictions in people with a mild intellectual disability
- 2014
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 36:15, s. 1264-1272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study explored a possibility to assess the concepts of participation and participation restrictions in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by combining self-ratings of the perceived importance with the actual performance of different everyday activities in people with a mild intellectual disability.Method: Structured interviews regarding 68 items from the ICF activity/participation domain were conducted (n = 69). The items were ranked by perceived importance, performance and by combined measures. Furthermore, the measures were related to a single question about subjective general well-being.Results: Rankings of performance highlighted about the same items as "important participation", while rankings of low performance addressed quite different items compared with "important participation restriction". Significant correlations were found between subjective general well-being and high performance (r = 0.56), high performance/high importance (important participation) (r = 0.56), low performance (r = -0.56) and low performance/high importance (important participation restriction; r -0.55).Conclusions: The results support the clinical relevance of the ICF and the studied selection of 68 items. Although performance only may sometimes be a relevant aspect, knowledge about the relationship between the perceived importance and the actual performance is essential for clinical interventions and for research aiming to understand specific needs regarding participation.
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| 14. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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International classification of functioning, disability and health categories explored for selfrated participation in swedish adolescents and adults with a mild intellectual disability
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - Uppsala, Sweden : Foundation Rehabilitation Information. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 44:7, s. 562-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore internal consistency and correlations between perceived ability, performance and perceived importance in a preliminary selection of self-reported items representing the activity/participation component of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).Design: Structured interview study. Subjects: Fifty-five Swedish adolescents and adults with a mild intellectual disability.Methods: Questions about perceived ability, performance and perceived importance were asked on the basis of a 3-grade Likert-scale regarding each of 68 items representing the 9 ICF domains of activity/participation.Results: Internal consistency for perceived ability (Cron-bach's alpha for all 68 items): 0.95 (values for each domain varied between 0.57 and 0.85), for performance: 0.86 (between 0.27 and 0.66), for perceived importance: 0.84 (between 0.27 and 0.68). Seventy-two percent of the items showed correlations >0.5 (mean =0.59) for performance vs perceived importance, 41% >0.5 (mean =0.47) for perceived ability vs performance and 12% >0.5 (mean =0.28) for perceived ability vs perceived importance.Conclusion: Measures of performance and perceived importance may have to be based primarily on their estimated clinical relevance for describing aspects of the ICF participation concept. With a clinimetric approach, parts of the studied items and domains may be used to investigate factors related to different patterns and levels of participation, and outcomes of rehabilitation.
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| 15. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Structural validity and internal consistency of Picture My Participation : A measure for children with disability
- 2021
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Ingår i: African Journal of Disability. - : OASIS. - 2226-7220 .- 2223-9170. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Picture My Participation (PMP) intended to measure participation, defined as attendance and involvement in everyday situations, of children with disabilities, particularly in low- and middle-income settings.Objectives: To explore structural validity of PMP by identifying possible subcomponents in the attendance scale and examining internal consistency of the total score and each subcomponent.Method: A picture-supported interview was conducted with 182 children, 7–18 years, with and without intellectual disability (ID). Frequency of attendance in 20 activities was rated on a four-point Likert scale (never, seldom, sometimes and always).Results: An exploratory principal component analysis extracted four subcomponents: (1) organised activities, (2) social activities and taking care of others, (3) family life activities and 4) personal care and development activities. Internal consistency for the total scale (alpha = 0.85) and the first two subcomponents (alpha = 0.72 and 0.75) was acceptable. The two last subcomponents alpha values were 0.57 and 0.49.Conclusion: The four possible subcomponents of PMP can be used to provide information about possible domains in which participation and participation restrictions exist. This study provided further psychometric evidence about PMP as a measure of participation. The stability and the utility of these subcomponents needed further exploration.
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| 16. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik
(författare)
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The relation between proxy-ratings and self-ratings of participation in people with a mild intellectual disability
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: In people with intellectual disability, knowledge about ability and participation is highly relevant for support planning and intervention evaluation. Self-rated aspects of participation might not be the same as those obtained from a proxy-person (relative, peer or staff person).Specific Aims: This study explored the relation between self-ratings and proxyratings regarding some clinically important aspects of ability and participation.Method: A structured interview study of 40 individuals with intellectual disability and 40 proxy-persons within a Swedish municipality. Data were analysed regarding internal consistency, correlations and comparisons of mean scores.Findings: Internal consistency in terms of Cronbach’s alpha showed high levels and similar patterns between self-ratings and proxyratings of ability, performance and importance. Correlations between self-ratings and proxyratings showed significant positive correlations for ability and performance, as well as for the combined measures ‘important participation’ and ‘important participation restriction’. Mean scores of self-rated importance and self-rated ‘important participation restriction’ was significantly higher than the same proxy-rated measures. The mean score of self-rated ability was significantly higher than proxy-rated ability. The mean scores of performance and ‘important participation’ were almost identical.Discussion: The findings showed that selfratings and proxy-ratings are correlated but that there are differences in the levels of ratings of ability and ‘important participation restriction’. Knowledge about both perspectives is important but the study indicates that the perceived aspect of the person with intellectual disability and ratings by a proxy-person are not interchangeable. The study does not evaluate the results in terms of right or wrong, but highlights that awareness about similarities and differences between self-ratings and proxy-ratings is essential in clinical practices.
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| 17. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship Between Intelligence Quotient and Aspects of Everyday Functioning and Participation for People Who Have Mild and Borderline Intellectual Disabilities
- 2018
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Ingår i: JARID. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1360-2322 .- 1468-3148. ; 31:1, s. e68-e78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThis study explored the relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and aspects of everyday functioning/participation in individuals (age 16–40) who have a mild/borderline intellectual disability (IQ 55–85).MethodCorrelations were examined between IQ and (i) self-rated (n = 72) ability, participation as performance (how often an activity is performed), important participation restriction (not/seldom performing an activity perceived as important) and general well-being and (ii) proxy-rated (n = 41) ability and participation as performance.ResultsNo significant correlations between IQ and any of the explored measures were found. However, the effect sizes of the correlations between IQ and ability were considered as small but not negligible.ConclusionsThe results support the notion that IQ is a poor predictor of general aspects of everyday functioning in persons with mild/borderline intellectual disability. The result indicates that self-ratings partly generate other information than proxy ratings which may be important for assessments of supportive requirements and diagnosis.
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| 18. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Energy use and climate change improvements of Li/S batteries based on life cycle assessment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753. ; 383, s. 87-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a life cycle assessment (LCA) study of a lithium/sulfur (Li/S) cell regarding its energy use (in electricity equivalents, kWhel) and climate change (in kg carbon dioxide equivalents, CO2 eq) with the aim of identifying improvement potentials. Possible improvements are illustrated by departing from a base case of Li/S battery design, electricity from coal power, and heat from natural gas. In the base case, energy use is calculated at 580 kWhel kWh−1 and climate change impact at 230 kg CO2 eq kWh−1 of storage capacity. The main contribution to energy use comes from the LiTFSI electrolyte salt production and the main contribution to climate change is electricity use during the cell production stage. By (i) reducing cell production electricity requirement, (ii) sourcing electricity and heat from renewable sources, (iii) improving the specific energy of the Li/S cell, and (iv) switching to carbon black for the cathode, energy use and climate change impact can be reduced by 54 and 93%, respectively. For climate change, our best-case result of 17 kg CO2 eq kWh−1 is of similar magnitude as the best-case literature results for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The lithium metal requirement of Li/S batteries and LIBs are also of similar magnitude.
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| 19. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of Biodiesel - Hydrotreated oil from rape, oil palm or Jatropha
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annual Poster Exhibition at the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Mars 6th, 2008, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need for fuels based on renewable resources that have acceptable emission profiles and that are functional for truck engines used in heavy vehicles. Volvo has participated in the CONCAWE/EUCAR/JRC WTW study, which analyzed a number of candidate fuels, several process routes to produce each fuel as well as different raw material choices. However, the CONCAWE study did not include any second generation hydrogenated vegetable oil type biodiesel. In the present study, Volvo and Chalmers investigate and benchmark hydrogenated vegetable oils. Different production routes from different proposed raw materials are investigated using life cycle assessment modeling. Raw materials considered are oil from rape seed (grown in Germany), palm oil (grown in Malaysia) and oil from the fruits of Jatropha curcas (grown in India). The raw material is converted into hydrogenated oil at a production site in northern Europe and used at the European market. Results regarding life cycle global warming potential and energy use are presented.
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| 20. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Potential improvements of the life cycle environmental impacts of a Li/S battery cell
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The lithium sulfur (Li/S) battery is a promising battery chemistry for two reasons: it requires no scarce metals apart from the lithium itself and it brings the promise of high specific energy density at the cell level. However, the environmental impacts of this battery type remain largely unstudied. In this study, we conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the production of an Li/S cell to calculate these impacts. The anode consists of a lithium foil and the cathode consists of a carbon/sulfur composite. The electrolyte is a mixture of dioxalane, dimethoxyethane, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and lithium nitrate. The current collector for the cathode is an aluminium foil and a tri-layer membrane of polypropylene and polyethylene acts as separator. The functional unit of the study is 1 kWh specific energy storage. Three key environmental impacts were considered: energy use, climate change and lithium requirement. In our baseline scenario, we consider the pilot-scale production of a battery with a specific energy of 300 kWh/kg, having the mesoporous material CMK-3 as carbon material in the carbon/sulfur cathode, and using coal power and natural gas heat as energy sources. This scenario results in an energy use of 580 kWh/kWhstored and a climate change impact of 230 kg CO2eq/kWhstored. The main contributor to energy use is the LiTFSI production and the main contributor to climate change is electricity use during cell production. We then model a number of possible improvements sequentially: (1) reduction of cell production electricity requirement due to production at industrial-scale, (2) sourcing of electricity and heat from renewable instead of fossil sources (i.e. solar power and biogas heat), (3) improvement of the specific energy of the Li/S cell to 500 kWh/kg and (4) a shift of the carbon material in the cathode to carbon black (without considering changes in performance). By implementing all these four improvements, energy use and climate change impact can be reduced by an impressive 54 and 93%, respectively. In particular, the improvements related to industrial-scale production and sourcing of renewable energy are considerable, whereas the shift of carbon material is of minor importance. For climate change, the best-case result of 17 kg CO2eq/kWhstored is similar to the best-case results reported in the scientific literature for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Regarding lithium requirement, the lithium metal requirement of Li/S batteries and LIBs are also of similar magnitude (0.33-0.55 kg/kWhstored and 0.2 kg/kWhstored, respectively). Using different allocation approaches did not alter the main conclusions of the study.
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| 21. |
- Balton, Sadna, et al.
(författare)
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Test-retest reliability of Picture My Participation in children with intellectual disability in South Africa
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 29:4, s. 315-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Picture My Participation (PmP) is a promising instrument for measuring the participation in everyday situations of children with intellectual disability (ID), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Aim To explore test-retest reliability of PmP by comparing two repeated measurements of children with ID in an urban context in South Africa. Methods A picture-supported interview with 31 children with ID, aged 7-17 years, was conducted twice, two weeks apart. The children rated their participation, operationalised as attendance and involvement, in 20 everyday activities. Analyses were completed for total scores, for the four subcomponents and at item level. Results Test-retest agreement at an item level for both attendance and involvement showed slight/fair agreement for most activities (Kappa = 0.01-0.40), and moderate agreement for some activities (Kappa = 0.41-0.60). Moderate agreement was shown for the total scale and at component level (ICC = 0.5-0.75), except for (firstly) attendance of and involvement in 'Family Activities' (ICC = 0.26 for attendance, 0.33 for involvement), and (secondly) involvement in 'Personal Activities' (ICC = 0.33). Conclusion The result indicates that PmP can reliably be used at component level and as a screening tool for intervention planning to identify participation and participation restrictions in children with ID.
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| 22. |
- Borgegard, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Alzheimers Disease: Presenilin 2-Sparing gamma-Secretase Inhibition Is a Tolerable A beta Peptide-Lowering Strategy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - : Society for Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 32:48, s. 17297-17305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- gamma-Secretase inhibition represents a major therapeutic strategy for lowering amyloid beta (A beta) peptide production in Alzheimers disease (AD). Progress toward clinical use of gamma-secretase inhibitors has, however, been hampered due to mechanism-based adverse events, primarily related to impairment of Notch signaling. The gamma-secretase inhibitor MRK-560 represents an exception as it is largely tolerable in vivo despite displaying only a small selectivity between A beta production and Notch signaling in vitro. In exploring the molecular basis for the observed tolerability, we show that MRK-560 displays a strong preference for the presenilin 1(PS1) over PS2 subclass of gamma-secretases and is tolerable in wild-type mice but causes dose-dependent Notch-related side effect in PS2-deficient mice at drug exposure levels resulting in a substantial decrease in brain A beta levels. This demonstrates that PS2 plays an important role in mediating essential Notch signaling in several peripheral organs during pharmacological inhibition of PS1 and provide preclinical in vivo proof of concept for PS2-sparing inhibition as a novel, tolerable and efficacious gamma-secretase targeting strategy for AD.
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| 23. |
- Borgegård, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Alzheimer's Disease : Presenilin 2-Sparing γ-Secretase Inhibition Is a Tolerable Aβ Peptide-Lowering Strategy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 32:48, s. 17297-17305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- γ-Secretase inhibition represents a major therapeutic strategy for lowering amyloid β (Aβ) peptide production in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Progress toward clinical use of γ-secretase inhibitors has, however, been hampered due to mechanism-based adverse events, primarily related to impairment of Notch signaling. The γ-secretase inhibitor MRK-560 represents an exception as it is largely tolerable in vivo despite displaying only a small selectivity between Aβ production and Notch signaling in vitro. In exploring the molecular basis for the observed tolerability, we show that MRK-560 displays a strong preference for the presenilin 1 (PS1) over PS2 subclass of γ-secretases and is tolerable in wild-type mice but causes dose-dependent Notch-related side effect in PS2-deficient mice at drug exposure levels resulting in a substantial decrease in brain Aβ levels. This demonstrates that PS2 plays an important role in mediating essential Notch signaling in several peripheral organs during pharmacological inhibition of PS1 and provide preclinical in vivo proof of concept for PS2-sparing inhibition as a novel, tolerable and efficacious γ-secretase targeting strategy for AD.
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| 24. |
- Chavez, Zuhara, et al.
(författare)
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From Surviving to Thriving : Industry 5.0 at SMEs Enhancing Production Flexibility
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advances in Production Management Systems. - : Springer Nature. ; 689 AICT, s. 789-802
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how human-centered digitalization can contribute to the flexibility and adaptability of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) production processes, resulting in more resilient systems. This study explains the relationship between digital technologies and production system features through progressively more human-centric stages of a digitalized manufacturing system. The authors present a case study of an SME that implemented a human-centric strategy, placing people's needs and interests at the center of its processes, leading to more flexible and inclusive production processes and consistent with the goals of Industry 5.0. The results suggest that a digitalized working method that considers human capabilities and needs can enable a more diverse workforce and the rapid setup of new and additional production processes, thus helping SMEs respond to supply chain disruptions. The findings have implications for managers and practitioners interested in driving or supporting the transition of SMEs to human-centric, resilient, and sustainable businesses.
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| 25. |
- Danielsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Trajectories of Mental Health Problems in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities. - : Springer. - 1056-263X .- 1573-3580. ; 36, s. 203-242
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To review the longitudinal trajectories - and the factors influencing their development - of mental health problems in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Systematic review methods were employed. Searches of six databases used keywords and MeSH terms related to children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, mental health problems, and longitudinal research. After the removal of duplicates, reviewers independently screened records for inclusion, extracted data (outcomes and influencing factors), and evaluated the risk of bias. Findings were tabulated and synthesized using graphs and a narrative. Searches identified 94,662 unique records, from which 49 publications were included. The median publication year was 2015. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were the most commonly included population in retrieved studies. In almost 50% of studies, trajectories of mental health problems changed by < 10% between the first and last time point. Despite multiple studies reporting longitudinal trajectories of mental health problems, greater conceptual clarity and consideration of the measures included in research is needed, along with the inclusion of a more diverse range of populations of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
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| 26. |
- Fröling, Morgan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Life Cycle Assessment of Second Generation Biodiesel: Biomass to Liquid
- 2008
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Ingår i: Designing Pathways for a Sustainable World: At Scale, in Time, and for All, AGS Annual Meeting, MIT, Cambridge, MA. USA, January 28-30 2008. ; , s. abstract in proceedings-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
- Garrels, Veerle, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting self-determination for students with intellectual disability : A Vygotskian perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Learning, Culture and Social Interaction. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2210-6561 .- 2210-657X. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite weak correlations between IQ scores and self-determination, research indicates that individuals with intellectual disability (ID) show lower levels of self-determination than their non-disabled peers, and that they experience lower effects of self-determination interventions. From a Vygotskian perspective, self-determination skills can be considered complex cognitive abilities that develop through social interaction with and adequate scaffolding by competent tutors. This approach raises the need to look into how self-determination interventions can be adapted to the cognitive profiles of individuals with ID. In this article, the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction was used with eight adolescents with mild ID over a three-month period. Typical challenges that were encountered are described, and suggestions for how these challenges can be addressed are discussed. Findings from this study illustrate how the development of self-determination skills may be facilitated when there is congruence between the individual's neurobiological development and the social conditions for development.
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| 28. |
- Granlund, Mats, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
Delaktighet
- 2021
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Ingår i: Leva som andra. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144121437 ; , s. 309-325
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
- Granlund, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiating activity and participation of children and youth with disability in Sweden : a third qualifier in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth?
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 91:13:S1, s. S84-S96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:This article discusses the use of a third qualifier, subjective experience of involvement, as a supplement to the qualifiers of capacity and performance, to anchor activity and participation as separate endpoints on a continuum of actions.DESIGN:Empirical data from correlational studies were used for secondary analyses. The analyses were focused on the conceptual roots of the participation construct as indicated by the focus of policy documents, the support for a third qualifier as indicated by correlational data, differences between self-ratings and ratings by others in measuring subjective experience of involvement, and the empirical support for a split between activity and participation in different domains of the activity and participation component.RESULTS:Participation seems to have two conceptual roots, one sociologic and one psychologic. The correlational pattern between the qualifiers of capacity, performance, and subjective experience of involvement indicates a possible split between activity and participation. Self-ratings of participation provide information not obtained through ratings by others, and later domains in the activities and participation component fit better with measures of experienced involvement than earlier domains did.CONCLUSIONS:The results from secondary analyses provide preliminary support for the use of a third qualifier measuring subjective experience of involvement to facilitate the split between activity and participation in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Children and Youth version, activity and participation domain.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Holmefur, Marie, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Let’s Get Organized : pilot study of an occupational therapy group intervention aimed to improve time management skills
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Managing daily life activities requires time management and organizing skills. Individuals with cognitive disabilities commonly have poor ability to manage time, which often results in decreased ability to properly manage daily life activities. An intervention aimed to increase time management skills is "Let’s get organized" (LGO).Objective: The current pilot study was designed to explore the outcome of the LGO with regards to time management skills, executive functions and satisfaction with daily occupations among individuals with cognitive disabilities.Method: Persons with mental and neurodevelopmental disorder with decreased ability to manage time in daily life according to self-rated measures, were recruited by their local Occupational Therapist. All participants took part in LGO, which is a 10-week manual based group intervention with weekly meetings. Each session has a separate theme, with a common structure and goal to improve time management skills and to implement the use of a calendar in daily life. Measured outcomes were time management skills (Assessment of Time Management Skills), executive functioning (Weekly Calendar Planning Activity) and overall satisfaction with daily activities (Satisfaction with Daily Occupations).Results: In all 55 persons participated in the study. Preliminary results from a subgroup indicate significant improvements in time management skills, in aspects of executive functioning and in overall satisfaction with daily occupations.Conclusion: The LGO seems to be a promising intervention to improve time management skills and satisfaction with daily occupations in the short term. The used instruments appear to be sensitive to capture change from LGO.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Holmefur, Marie, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot Study of Let's Get Organized : A Group Intervention for Improving Time Management
- 2019
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 73:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: There is a need for evidence-based occupational therapy interventions to enhance time management in people with time management difficulties.OBJECTIVE: To pilot test the first part of the Let's Get Organized (LGO) occupational therapy intervention in a Swedish context by exploring enhancements of time management skills, aspects of executive functioning, and satisfaction with daily occupations in people with time management difficulties because of neurodevelopmental or mental disorders.DESIGN: One-group pretest-posttest design with 3-mo follow-up.SETTING: Outpatient psychiatric and habilitation settings.PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five people with confirmed or suspected mental or neurodevelopmental disorder and self-reported difficulties with time management in daily life.INTERVENTION: Swedish version of Let's Get Organized (LGO-S) Part 1, with structured training in the use of cognitive assistive techniques and strategies using trial-and-error learning strategies in 10 weekly group sessions of 1.5 hr.OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Time management, organization and planning, and emotional regulation were measured with the Swedish version of the Assessment of Time Management Skills (ATMS-S). Executive functioning was measured with the Swedish version of the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity, and satisfaction with daily occupations was assessed with the Satisfaction With Daily Occupations measure.RESULTS: Participants displayed significantly improved time management, organization and planning skills, and emotional regulation, as well as satisfaction with daily occupations. Aspects of executive functioning were partly improved. ATMS-S results were sustained at 3-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: LGO-S Part 1 is a promising intervention for improving time management skills and satisfaction with daily occupations and should be investigated further.WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS: This study shows that LGO-S Part 1 is feasible for use in psychiatric and habilitation outpatient services. The results are promising for improved time management skills, organization and planning skills, and satisfaction with daily occupations and need to be confirmed in further studies.
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| 34. |
- Höglund, Berit, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of a school-based intervention to influence attitudesabout future parenting among Swedish youth with intellectualdisability : An RCT study
- 2023
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Ingår i: JARID. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1360-2322 .- 1468-3148. ; 36:5, s. 1000-1012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The study aim was to investigate the efficacy of an intervention designed to provide a basis for informed choices about future parenthood to special upper secondary school students with intellectual disabilities.Methods: A randomised trial with a waiting list control group was used. In total,108 special upper secondary school students with mild or moderate intellectual disabilities, age 16–21 years, provided informed consent and participated. The intervention included education using the Parenting Toolkit and a Real Care Baby simulator.The analyses included 91 students (intervention group n = 46, 24F/22M; controlgroup n = 45, 26F/19M).Results: The result showed that intervention group changed their attitudes to future parenting, from ‘do not know’ to ‘know’, significantly more than control group. The intervention increased knowledge levels in the intervention group. Conclusions: The intervention group showed increased ability to make informed choices and decisions about parenthood.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Levén, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective memory in persons with intellectual disability: reduced load on episodic memory due to the link between what to do and when to act.
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background:Persons with intellectual disability express poor prospective memory. Prospective memory loads on limited capacity resources for instance episodic memory, working memory, and attention. Load occurs both from prospective, retrospective and ongoing tasks. Retrieval is accomplished either by top down attentional control processes or automatic bottom up processes.Methods:23 persons with intellectual disability and a control group of 25 persons performed a prospective memory game (Levén et al., 2013) with an ongoing episodic memory task and a working memory task. The game included prospective memory tasks with a low and high demand on top down attentional control processes. The groups differed in raven scores.Results:The intellectual disability group committed frequent omissions and were out performed by the control group on both prospective memory, episodic memory and working memory tasks.Both groups performed significantly better on tasks with low demand on top down attentional processes. A link between the intended task and target improved cued recall performance only in the intellectual disability group, likely because of near ceiling performance in the control group. Contrary to previous results (Levén et al., 2008; Levén et al., 2011), working memory correlated with prospective memory with high load on episodic memory only in the control group. On the other hand, as in previous studies, different memory processes were correlated to a higher extent and varied more in the intellectual disability group.Conclusions:As assumed, persons with intellectual disability can manage prospective memory tasks with a high load on bottom-up processing, however, performance is reduced if more top-down processing is required. High episodic memory performance for persons with intellectual disabilities with a link between targets and prospective memory action to perform, did not correspond with higher prospective memory performance as would be expected due to reduced load on episodic memory.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Lidström-Holmqvist, Kajsa, Med.Dr, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Test-retest reliability of the Swedish version of the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity : a performance-based test of executive functioning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 42:18, s. 2647-2652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The Weekly Calendar Planning Activity is a performance test aiming to examine how subtle problems with executive functioning influence the performance of multi-step activities in daily life. The purpose of this study was to explore the Swedish version of the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity, regarding test-retest reliability and possible learning effects.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four adults with psychiatric, neurodevelopmental or mild intellectual disorders and with difficulties in executive functioning performed the test on three separate occasions, with two weeks apart. Test-retest reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients. Possible learning effects were evaluated. The smallest detectable change was calculated to determine the precision of individual scores.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The intraclass correlation coefficients between the first two test occasions were weak (0.42-0.66), but were acceptable to excellent (0.65-0.91) between test occasions 2 and 3. There was a considerable amount of random variation in the results, but little systematic variation, indicating no or possibly a small learning effect in the total number of accurately recorded appointments. This variation indicates a need to use two consecutive baseline measurements when the Swedish version of the Weelky Calendar Planning Acitivity is used as an outcome measure. Together, our results suggest that the Swedish version of the Weelky Calendar Planning Acitivity is a useful performance-based measure of how subtle problems in executive functioning affects activity performance.Implications for rehabilitation:Executive functioning is crucial for managing daily life, and ecologically valid tests are needed to measure such functioning.The Weekly Calendar Planning Activity is a new performance-based test using a task that is relevant to daily life.The outcomes obtained in the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity are highly useful in clinical practice.The day-to-day variation in the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity results warrants the need for two consecutive baseline measurements when it is used to measure change.
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| 41. |
- Lindfors, Perjohan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy on IBS in Different Clinical Settings-Results From Two Randomized, Controlled Trials.
- 2012
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Ingår i: The American journal of gastroenterology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1572-0241 .- 0002-9270. ; 107, s. 276-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES:Gut-directed hypnotherapy has been found to be effective in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, randomized, controlled studies are rare and few have been performed outside highly specialized research centers. The objective of this study was to study the effect of gut-directed hypnotherapy in IBS in different clinical settings outside the traditional research units.METHODS:The study population included IBS patients refractory to standard management. In study 1, patients were randomized to receive gut-directed hypnotherapy (12 sessions, 1h/week) in psychology private practices or supportive therapy, whereas patients were randomized to receive gut-directed hypnotherapy in a small county hospital or to serve as waiting list controls in study 2. Gastrointestinal symptom severity and quality of life were evaluated at baseline, at 3 months follow-up and after 1 year.RESULTS:We randomized 138 IBS patients refractory to standard management, 90 in study 1 and 48 in study 2. In both the studies, IBS-related symptoms were improved at 3 months in the gut-directed hypnotherapy groups (P<0.05), but not in the control groups (ns). In study 1, a significantly greater improvement of IBS-related symptom severity could be detected in the gut-directed hypnotherapy group than in the control group (P<0.05), and a trend in the same direction was seen in study 2 (P=0.17). The results seen at 3 months were sustained up to 1 year.CONCLUSIONS:Gut-directed hypnotherapy is an effective treatment alternative for patients with refractory IBS, but the effectiveness is lower when the therapy is given outside the highly specialized research centers.Am J Gastroenterol advance online publication, 4 October 2011; doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.340.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Lundqvist, Johanna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Technology, Young Children with Disabilities, and Preschool Inclusion : An Observation Study in the Context of the Swedish Preschool
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies in Education. - : Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 1891-5914 .- 1891-5949. ; 44:1, s. 41-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, inclusion is embraced, and the digitalisation of society is one of the salient issues of our time. The aim here is to describe and analyse the use of digital technology and online activities in inclusive preschools in the context of the Swedish preschool. Direct semi-structured observations were conducted in seven inclusive preschools. The results show that various digital technologies and online activities have been implemented, and that these technologies and activities facilitate and enhance preschool inclusion in several ways, both directly and indirectly. The study expands our knowledge about digital technology, young children with disabilities, and preschool inclusion.
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| 44. |
- Lundqvist, Lars-Olov, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Structured Water Dance Intervention (SWAN) for adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities : study protocol
- 2020
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 6:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: People with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) have a combination of severe intellectual disability, extensive physical impairment, sensory impairments and medical health problems. There is, however, a lack of evidence-based physical and health-promoting interventions for people with PIMD.Objective: Structured Water Dance Intervention (SWAN) is a new method developed to fill this gap. This paper reports a protocol for an intervention study which aims to evaluate SWAN with regard to its effects on physiological, psychological and social health-related variables as well as its cost-effectiveness and potential for implementation in health care.Methods: The evaluation of SWAN is performed in a multi-center randomized crossover study. Data is collected through cortisol measurement, physiological assessments, proxy ratings, video observations and interviews.Conclusions: This is one of few attempts to evaluate rigorously an innovative intervention for people with PIMD, a group that is rarely considered for health promotion interventions. This study will provide important information about the efficacy, cost-effectiveness and potential to implement SWAN in health care.
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| 45. |
- Matérne, Marie, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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The utility of goal attainment scaling in evaluating a structured water dance intervention for adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
- 2021
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 7:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) have problems to be actively involved in essential life activities that affect their health. The aim of this study was to explore the utility of goal attainment scaling (GAS) in evaluating an intervention for adults with PIMD, and to describe how the GAS goals were set according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) domains of body function as well as activity and participation.Method: As part of an aquatic intervention (Structured water dance), 28 adults with PIMD received GAS goals which were adapted to their individual needs and which the intervention could affect.Result: Twenty of the goals were formulated within the ICF Activity/Participation domain and eight within the Body Functions domains. On average, participants improved by 1.25 levels on the five-level GAS scales.Conclusion: GAS can be a useful tool for setting and evaluating individualized and meaningful goals, in body functions as well as in activity and participation, related to a healthpromoting activity for adults with PIMD.
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| 46. |
- Möller, Niels, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting end-to-end applications over HSDPA by cross-layer signalling
- 2007
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Ingår i: IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9. - NEW YORK : IEEE. - 9781424406586 ; , s. 3858-3863
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new control structure is proposed to improve user experience of wireless Internet. Information on radio bandwidth and queue length available in the radio network, close to the base station, is used in a proxy that resides between the Internet and the cellular system. The control algorithm in the proxy sets the window size according to event-triggered information on radio bandwidth changes and time-triggered information on the queue length at the wireless link. The mechanism is compared to TCP Reno in two simulation scenarios. The first scenario models a dedicated channel with stepwise changes in the bandwidth, while the second scenario models the High-speed Downlink Shared Channel recently introduced by 3GPP. The proposed mechanism significantly reduces the amount of buffer space needed in the radio network, and it also gives modest improvements to user response time and link utilization. Reduced buffering is particularly beneficial for third-party end-to-end real-time services such as voice, video, and online gaming.
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| 47. |
- Olsson, Camilla, 1971-
(författare)
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Functional communication and non-linguistic factors in severe aphasia : Associations and assessment
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Severe post-stroke aphasia implies impairment of the ability to speak and write, and impairments of language comprehension, severely restricting the communication of the individual. Intervention in severe aphasia often entails aiming for access to meaningful social interaction and participation, in spite of the linguistic impairments. This demands knowledge about the non-linguistic factors that influence the communication of people with severe aphasia (PWSA). Assessment in PWSA is a challenge due to the linguistic impairments, thus the issue of measurement is intertwined with the study of non-linguistic factors in PWSA.The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the relationship between functional communication, language and three non-linguistic factors; executive function, self-efficacy, and resilience, in PWSA. An additional aim was to investigate the assessment of these non-linguistic factors in PWSA.Studies I and IV were quantitative studies investigating the relations of functional communication and language to executive function (study I), and to self-efficacy and resilience (study IV). In study II, two methods for measuring executive functions were compared; standardised neuropsychological screening and informant reports. Study III was a qualitative study exploring the informants’ understanding of the questionnaire used for informant reports in study II.The results demonstrated that there is large variation in executive function and functional communication in PWSA, especially in the nonverbal subgroup. In this subgroup, there is an association between executive functions and functional communication. It is important that PWSA are given thorough evaluation of their abilities, and that the impact of executive dysfunction is considered in communication intervention.Focusing on assessment of executive functions in PWSA, results of study II and III demonstrated that informant reports of executive function do not measure the same construct as, and cannot be used as a substitute for, standardised neuropsychological tests. The quantitative results of informant reports should be interpreted with caution, since it is uncertain whether the responses represent executive functions. The use of informant reports does not solve the problem of aphasia being a confounding factor in assessment of executive function.Study IV indicated that assessment of self-efficacy and resilience is, with proper adaptation, possible in a majority of PWSA. PWSA seem to have decreased self-efficacy and self-rated resilience compared to general populations. No clear associations with severity of language impairment or functional communication were found, but this issue needs further exploration.
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| 48. |
- Olsson, Camilla, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring executive function in people with severe aphasia : Comparing neuropsychological tests and informant ratings
- 2020
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Ingår i: NeuroRehabilitation (Reading, MA). - 1053-8135 .- 1878-6448. ; 46:3, s. 299-310
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Knowledge about patients' executive function is important in the rehabilitation of language and communication in stroke patients with aphasia. Due to linguistic demands, most neuropsychological tests are unsuitable for this population, and it might seem appealing to use informant report of executive function as a substitute.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between scores on a neuropsychological test and informant ratings of executive function, as well as between the informant ratings and the functional communication ability, in people with severe aphasia after stroke.METHODS: Thirty-eight people with severe aphasia and their significant others participated. Executive function was tested with parts of the neuropsychological screening instrument CLQT and rated by significant others (informants) using BRIEF-A. Functional communication was assessed with a standardised test and rated by significant others.RESULTS: Results revealed few correlations between CLQT and BRIEF-A. There was no correlation between informant scores on BRIEF-A and scores on the measures of functional communication.CONCLUSIONS: Informant ratings of executive function does not measure the same construct as, and cannot be used as a substitute for, standardised neuropsychological tests. Informant ratings of executive function do not provide information that is relevant to the understanding of functional communication in people with severe aphasia.
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| 49. |
- Olsson, Camilla, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Relations between executive function, language and functional communication in severe aphasia
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- People who, due to aphasia, have severely limited ability to make themselves understood through speech, are forced to find other means of communication. However, the ability to flexibly and efficiently use gesture, drawing, writing, communication aids and so on differs widely in people with severe aphasia. Studies of interventions focusing on use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in aphasia typically show that the participants have ability to learn to use the communication aid in the clinical context, but frequently fails to generalise the use to real-life functional communication (Jacobs, Drew, Ogletree, & Pierce, 2004). The same problem is often seen for other kinds of alternative communication, such as gesture and drawing. Intervention in severe aphasia aims for access to meaningful social interaction in spite of great linguistic barriers (Darrigrand et al., 2011; Koleck et al., 2017), and a profound understanding of the different factors affecting the functional communication in this population is therefore crucial.One factor that is thought to play an important role is executive function. It has been shown that people with aphasia often have impaired executive function, and there also seems to be a link to functional communication (Fridriksson, Nettles, Davis, Morrow, & Montgomery, 2006; Murray, 2012; Purdy & Koch, 2006; Ramsberger, 2005). However, the studies are few and conducted on small samples often including participants with a wide variation in aphasia severity. The aim of the present study was to expand the understanding of the relations between executive functions, linguistic ability and functional communication in severe aphasia.Executive functions, linguistic ability and functional communication were assessed in 47 participants with severe aphasia. Functional communication was assessed using the Scenario Test (van der Meulen, van de Sandt-Koenderman, Duivenvoorden, & Ribbers, 2010). The results were analysed for the total sample as well as separated into a verbal and a non-verbal subgroup.Impairment of executive function was found in 79% of the participants. Moderate to strong correlations were found between linguistic ability and executive functions. In the total sample, partial correlation analysis showed that functional communication was mainly related to verbal output. In the verbal subgroup, no relations were found between functional communication and the other two variables. In the non-verbal subgroup however, the partial correlation analysis showed a strong relation between executive function and functional communication. Generally, there was large variation of executive functions and functional communication among the participants, especially in the nonverbal subgroup.The study led to several conclusions. Impairments of executive functions are, as expected, common in people with severe aphasia, and executive function is closely related to linguistic ability. The ability to produce verbal output is, also as expected, strongly related to functional communication and on the group level a small increase in verbal output results in a relatively large increase in functional communication, as measured by the Scenario Test. However, in people with extreme limitation or total absence of verbal output, where use of other modes of communication are ineluctable, executive functions seem to be an important factor. This suggests that executive functions need to be considered when planning intervention. In both design and training to use AAC and other forms of communication support, it is important to understand the demands the task puts on executive functions and, if possible, to minimise them. This also raises the importance of making sure people with severe aphasia are given a proper assessment of their cognitive abilities including executive functions, even though this is often challenging. Darrigrand, B., Dutheil, S., Michelet, V., Rereau, S., Rousseaux, M., & Mazaux, J.-M. (2011). Communication impairment and activity limitation in stroke patients with severe aphasia. Disabil Rehabil, 33(13-14), 1169-1178. doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.524271Fridriksson, J., Nettles, C., Davis, M., Morrow, L., & Montgomery, A. (2006). Functional communication and executive function in aphasia. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 20(6), 401-410. doi:10.1080/02699200500075781Jacobs, B., Drew, R., Ogletree, B. T., & Pierce, K. (2004). Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) for adults with severe aphasia: where we stand and how we can go further. Disabil Rehabil, 26(21-22), 1231-1240. doi:10.1080/09638280412331280244Koleck, M., Gana, K., Lucot, C., Darrigrand, B., Mazaux, J. M., & Glize, B. (2017). Quality of life in aphasic patients 1 year after a first stroke. Quality of Life Research, 26(1), 45-54. doi:10.1007/s11136-016-1361-zMurray, L. L. (2012). Attention and other cognitive deficits in aphasia: Presence and relation to language and communication measures. Am J Speech Lang Pathol, 21(2), s51-s64. doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0067)Purdy, M., & Koch, A. (2006). Prediction of strategy usage by adults with aphasia. Aphasiology, 20(2-4), 337-348. doi:10.1080/02687030500475085Ramsberger, G. (2005). Achieving conversational success in aphasia by focusing on non-linguistic cognitive skills: A potentially promising new approach. Aphasiology, 19(10-11), 1066-1073. doi:10.1080/02687030544000254van der Meulen, I., van de Sandt-Koenderman, W. M., Duivenvoorden, H. J., & Ribbers, G. M. (2010). Measuring verbal and non-verbal communication in aphasia: reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the Scenario Test. Int J Lang Commun Disord, 45(4), 424-435. doi:10.3109/13682820903111952
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- Olsson, Camilla, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Relations between executive function, language, and functional communication in severe aphasia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aphasiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-7038 .- 1464-5041. ; 33:7, s. 821-845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intervention in severe aphasia often means aiming for access to meaningful social interaction in spite of linguistic barriers that might not be treatable. This demands knowledge about the different factors that influence functional communication. Apart from linguistic ability, executive functions are thought to play an important role.Aims: To expand the understanding of the relations of executive functions and linguistic ability to functional communication in severe aphasia.Methods and Procedures: Executive functions, linguistic ability, and functional communication were assessed in 47 participants with severe aphasia. The results were analysed for the total sample and for a verbal and a nonverbal subgroup.Outcomes and Results: Impairment of executive function was found in 79% of the participants. There were moderate to strong correlations between all subtests of executive functions and linguistic ability. In the total sample, significant partial correlation was found between functional communication and verbal output. In the nonverbal subgroup, there was a significant partial correlation between executive function and functional communication, when controlling for linguistic ability. In the verbal subgroup, no relations were found between executive functions or language and functional communication.Conclusions: Impairments of executive functions are common in people with severe aphasia, and executive function and linguistic ability are closely related. The ability to produce verbal output is strongly related to functional communication, but in people with extreme limitation or total absence of verbal output, executive functions seem to be an important factor for functional communication. There is a large variation of executive functions and functional communication in people with severe aphasia, especially in the nonverbal subgroup. It is important that people with severe aphasia are given a complete and proper evaluation of their abilities, and that the possible importance of executive function to communication is considered in communication intervention.
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