| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Burstein, R., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 574:7778, s. 353-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations. © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kinyoki, DK, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 26:5, s. 750-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sbarra, AN, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 589:7842, s. 415-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Graetz, N, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping disparities in education across low- and middle-income countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 577:77907789, s. 235-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational attainment is an important social determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health1–3. As a tool for promoting gender equity, it has gained increasing traction in popular media, international aid strategies, and global agenda-setting4–6. The global health agenda is increasingly focused on evidence of precision public health, which illustrates the subnational distribution of disease and illness7,8; however, an agenda focused on future equity must integrate comparable evidence on the distribution of social determinants of health9–11. Here we expand on the available precision SDG evidence by estimating the subnational distribution of educational attainment, including the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling, across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017. Previous analyses have focused on geographical disparities in average attainment across Africa or for specific countries, but—to our knowledge—no analysis has examined the subnational proportions of individuals who completed specific levels of education across all low- and middle-income countries12–14. By geolocating subnational data for more than 184 million person-years across 528 data sources, we precisely identify inequalities across geography as well as within populations.
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| 19. |
- Kinyoki, DK, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 577:7789, s. 231-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0–59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3–5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization’s median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning interventions that are adapted locally and in efficiently directing resources towards reducing CGF and its health implications.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Naghavi, M, et al.
(författare)
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Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016
- 2018
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Ingår i: JAMA. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 320:8, s. 792-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Aalbers, J., et al.
(författare)
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A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 50:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for weakly interacting massive particles, while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Altomare, D., et al.
(författare)
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Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: a field-test in a memory clinic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. - 0022-3050. ; 94:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The key Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers are traditionally measured with techniques/exams that are either expensive (amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) and tau-PET), invasive (cerebrospinal fluid A beta 42 and p-tau 181), or poorly specific (atrophy on MRI and hypometabolism on fluorodeoxyglucose-PET). Recently developed plasma biomarkers could significantly enhance the efficiency of the diagnostic pathway in memory clinics and improve patient care. This study aimed to: (1) confirm the correlations between plasma and traditional AD biomarkers, (2) assess the diagnostic accuracy of plasma biomarkers as compared with traditional biomarkers, and (3) estimate the proportion of traditional exams potentially saved thanks to the use of plasma biomarkers. Methods Participants were 200 patients with plasma biomarkers and at least one traditional biomarker collected within 12 months. Results Overall, plasma biomarkers significantly correlated with biomarkers assessed through traditional techniques: up to r=0.50 (p<0.001) among amyloid, r=0.43 (p=0.002) among tau, and r=-0.23 (p=0.001) among neurodegeneration biomarkers. Moreover, plasma biomarkers showed high accuracy in discriminating the biomarker status (normal or abnormal) determined by using traditional biomarkers: up to area under the curve (AUC)=0.87 for amyloid, AUC=0.82 for tau, and AUC=0.63 for neurodegeneration status. The use of plasma as a gateway to traditional biomarkers using cohort-specific thresholds (with 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity) could save up to 49% of amyloid, 38% of tau, and 16% of neurodegeneration biomarkers. Conclusion The implementation of plasma biomarkers could save a remarkable proportion of more expensive traditional exams, making the diagnostic workup more cost-effective and improving patient care.
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| 25. |
- Amanullah, Rahman, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity in extinction laws of Type Ia supernovae measured between 0.2 and 2 μm
- 2015
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 453:3, s. 3300-3328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present ultraviolet (UV) observations of six nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, three of which were also observed in the near-IR (NIR) with Wide-Field Camera 3. UV observations with the Swift satellite, as well as ground-based optical and NIR data provide complementary information. The combined data set covers the wavelength range 0.2-2 mu m. By also including archival data of SN 2014J, we analyse a sample spanning observed colour excesses up to E(B - V) = 1.4 mag. We study the wavelength-dependent extinction of each individual SN and find a diversity of reddening laws when characterized by the total-to-selective extinction R-V. In particular, we note that for the two SNe with E(B - V) greater than or similar to 1 mag, for which the colour excess is dominated by dust extinction, we find R-V = 1.4 +/- 0.1 and R-V = 2.8 +/- 0.1. Adding UV photometry reduces the uncertainty of fitted R-V by similar to 50 per cent allowing us to also measure R-V of individual low-extinction objects which point to a similar diversity, currently not accounted for in the analyses when SNe Ia are used for studying the expansion history of the Universe.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Buyck, P. J., et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic accuracy of noncontrast CT imaging markers in cerebral venous thrombosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 92:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To assess the added diagnostic value of semiquantitative imaging markers on noncontrast CT scans in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Methods In a retrospective, multicenter, blinded, case-control study of patients with recent onset (<2 weeks) CVT, 3 readers assessed (1) the accuracy of the visual impression of CVT based on a combination of direct and indirect signs, (2) the accuracy of attenuation values of the venous sinuses in Hounsfield units (with adjustment for hematocrit levels), and (3) the accuracy of attenuation ratios of affected vs unaffected sinuses in comparison with reference standard MRI or CT angiography. Controls were age-matched patients with (sub)acute neurologic presentations. Results We enrolled 285 patients with CVT and 303 controls from 10 international centers. Sensitivity of visual impression of thrombosis ranged from 41% to 73% and specificity ranged from 97% to 100%. Attenuation measurement had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74-0.81). After adjustment for hematocrit, the AUC remained 0.78 (95% CI 0.74-0.81). The analysis of attenuation ratios of affected vs unaffected sinuses had AUC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.8-0.86). Adding this imaging marker significantly improved discrimination, but sensitivity when tolerating a false-positive rate of 20% was not higher than 76% (95% CI 0.70-0.81). Conclusion Semiquantitative analysis of attenuation values for diagnosis of CVT increased sensitivity but still failed to identify 1 out of 4 CVT. Classification of evidence This study provides Class II evidence that visual analysis of plain CT with or without attenuation measurements has high specificity but only moderate sensitivity for CVT.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Asadi, Kamal, et al.
(författare)
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Organic ferroelectric opto-electronic memories
- 2011
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 14:12, s. 592-599
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic electronics have emerged as a promising technology for large-area micro-electronic applications, such as rollable displays(1), electronic paper(2), contactless identification transponders(3,4), and smart labels(5). Most of these applications require memory functions; preferably a non-volatile memory that retains its data when the power is turned off, and that can be programmed, erased, and read-out electrically.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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Dynamic Positioning based on Voronoi Cells (DPVC)
- 2006. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we are proposing an approach for flexible positioning of players in Soccer Simulation in a Multi-Agent environment. We introduce Dynamic Positioning based on Voronoi Cells (DPVC) as a new method for players' positioning which uses Voronoi Diagram for distributing agents in the field. This method also uses Attraction Vectors that indicate agents' tendency to specific objects in the field with regard to the game situation and players' roles. Finally DPVC is compared with SBSP as the conventional method of positioning.
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| 37. |
- Kemerink, Martijn, et al.
(författare)
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The operational mechanism of ferroelectric-driven organic resistive switches
- 2012
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Ingår i: Organic electronics. - : Elsevier. - 1566-1199 .- 1878-5530. ; 13:1, s. 147-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The availability of a reliable memory element is crucial for the fabrication of plastic logic circuits. We use numerical simulations to show that the switching mechanism of ferroelectric-driven organic resistive switches is the stray field of the polarized ferroelectric phase. The stray field modulates the charge injection from a metallic electrode into the organic semiconductor, switching the diode from injection limited to space charge limited. The modeling rationalizes the previously observed exponential dependence of the on/off ratio on injection barrier height. We find a lower limit of about 50 nm for the feature size that can be used in a crossbar array, translating into a rewritable memory with an information density of the order of 1 Gb/cm(2). (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Lenz, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructured organic ferroelectric thin film capacitors by solution micromolding
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physica Status Solidi (a) applications and materials science. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1862-6300 .- 1862-6319. ; 212:10, s. 2124-2132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ferroelectric nanostructures offer a promising route for novel integrated electronic devices such as non-volatile memories. Here we present a facile fabrication route for ferroelectric capacitors comprising a linear array of the ferroelectric random copolymer of vinylidenefluoride and trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) interdigitated with the electrically insulating polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Micrometer size line gratings of both polymers were fabricated over large area by solution micromolding, a soft lithography method. The binary linear arrays were realized by backfilling with the second polymer. We investigated in detail the device physics of the patterned capacitors. The electrical equivalent circuit is a linear capacitor of PVA in parallel with a ferroelectric capacitor of P(VDF-TrFE). The binary arrays are electrically characterized by both conventional Sawyer-Tower and shunt measurements. The dependence of the remanent polarization on the array topography is explained by numerical simulation of the electric field distribution.
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| 40. |
- Loni, Mohammad, PhD Candidate, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Learning Activation Functions for Sparse Neural Networks
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proc. Mach. Learn. Res.. - : ML Research Press.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sparse Neural Networks (SNNs) can potentially demonstrate similar performance to their dense counterparts while saving significant energy and memory at inference. However, the accuracy drop incurred by SNNs, especially at high pruning ratios, can be an issue in critical deployment conditions. While recent works mitigate this issue through sophisticated pruning techniques, we shift our focus to an overlooked factor: hyperparameters and activation functions. Our analyses have shown that the accuracy drop can additionally be attributed to (i) Using ReLU as the default choice for activation functions unanimously, and (ii) Fine-tuning SNNs with the same hyperparameters as dense counterparts. Thus, we focus on learning a novel way to tune activation functions for sparse networks and combining these with a separate hyperparameter optimization (HPO) regime for sparse networks. By conducting experiments on popular DNN models (LeNet-5, VGG-16, ResNet-18, and EfficientNet-B0) trained on MNIST, CIFAR-10, and ImageNet-16 datasets, we show that the novel combination of these two approaches, dubbed Sparse Activation Function Search, short: SAFS, results in up to 15.53%, 8.88%, and 6.33% absolute improvement in the accuracy for LeNet-5, VGG-16, and ResNet-18 over the default training protocols, especially at high pruning ratios.
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| 41. |
- Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, et al.
(författare)
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Trend of Socio-Demographic Index and Mortality Estimates in Iran and its Neighbors, 1990-2015 : Findings of the Global Burden of Diseases 2015 Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Archives of Iranian Medicine. - 1029-2977 .- 1735-3947. ; 20:7, s. 419-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Global burden of disease and injuries study (GBD 2015) reports expected measures for years of life lost (YLL) based on socio-demographic index (SDI) of countries, as well as the observed measures. In this extended GBD 2015 report, we reviewed total and cause-specific deaths and YLL for Iran and all its neighboring countries between 1990 and 2015.METHODS: We extracted data from the GBD 2015 database. Observed YLL measures were calculated by multiplying the number of deaths by standard life expectancy at each age. SDI was a composite index, calculated based on income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. The GBD world population was used for age standardization.RESULTS: All-ages crude death rate in Iran reduced from 665.6 per 100,000 population (95% uncertainty interval: 599.3-731.6) in 1990 to 487.2 (414.9-566.1) in 2015. The ratio of observed to expected YLL (O/E ratio) for all-causes ranged between 0.54 (Turkey) and 1.95 (Russia) in 2015. For Iran, the all-causes O/E ratio was less than 1 in all years (1990-2015), except 2003. However, cause-specific O/E ratio was more than 1 for some causes, including the top leading causes of YLL (ischemic heart disease, road injuries, and cerebrovascular disorders). Ischemic heart disease was the first or second cause of YLL in all comparator countries except Afghanistan.CONCLUSION: The leading YLL causes with high O/E ratios should be prioritized in public health efforts. In addition to research evidence, countries with low O/E ratios should be scrutinized to find feasible innovative interventions.
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| 42. |
- Nurmio, M, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Previous Alkylating Agent Exposure on Follicle Numbers in Cryopreserved Prepubertal and Young Adult Ovarian Tissue after Long-Term Xenografting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose and methods: To elucidate whether previous cancer treatment affects graft recovery and follicle numbers, morphology, and development in grafts, cryopreserved ovarian biopsies obtained from 18 cancer patients aged 1–24 years with and without exposure to chemotherapy were xenografted as 1 mm3 fragments to immunodeficient mice for 22 weeks with exogenous stimulation. Results: Graft recovery showed no association with chemotherapy exposure, pubertal stage, or leukemia contamination. Total follicle number per recovered graft varied between 0 and 1031 in the chemotherapy-exposed and between 0 and 502 in the non-chemotherapy-exposed group. Atretic follicles formed the largest proportion of the follicle pool in chemotherapy-exposed grafts. Increased atresia correlated with exposure to alkylating agents (mean ± SD 8866.2 ± 9316.3 mg/m2) but not with anthracyclines, pubertal stage, or leukemia contamination. Conclusion: The observation confirms the harmful effects of alkylating agents on ovarian tissue. Therapy at the median cumulative dose of 8866 mg/m2 leads to the decreased quality of cryopreserved ovarian follicles in children and young adults.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Asadi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Accurate detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with certified-GAN and neural architecture search
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NLM (Medline). - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a novel machine learning framework for detecting PxAF, a pathological characteristic of electrocardiogram (ECG) that can lead to fatal conditions such as heart attack. To enhance the learning process, the framework involves a generative adversarial network (GAN) along with a neural architecture search (NAS) in the data preparation and classifier optimization phases. The GAN is innovatively invoked to overcome the class imbalance of the training data by producing the synthetic ECG for PxAF class in a certified manner. The effect of the certified GAN is statistically validated. Instead of using a general-purpose classifier, the NAS automatically designs a highly accurate convolutional neural network architecture customized for the PxAF classification task. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed framework exhibits a high value of 99.0% which not only enhances state-of-the-art by up to 5.1%, but also improves the classification performance of the two widely-accepted baseline methods, ResNet-18, and Auto-Sklearn, by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
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| 46. |
- Asadi, Narges, et al.
(författare)
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Success factors of an ipd based approach in a remote multidisciplinary team environment - Reflections on a case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - : Design Society. ; , s. 31-40
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrated Product Development (IPD) is comprehensively discussed in literature. The human-centered approach offers a parallelized set of work activities in interdisciplinary teams. Due to the rapid globalization of IPD activities in the companies, project members are often obliged to work remotely in teams and through virtual means of communication. However, with the recent shift towards working remotely in IPD teams new challenges have emerged that might adversely affect the success of IPD projects. The objective of the paper is to outline the key factors strengthening and weakening the IPD process in a remote multidisciplinary team environment. To fulfill the objective, a case study on an international multidisciplinary team of postgraduate students working on a design project with an IPD approach, was conducted. The results highlight key success factors and their contributions to the project success in a remote multidisciplinary team environment. Additionally, key weaknesses of such approach and their negative impacts are also indicated.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Bagloee, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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A hybrid machine-learning and optimization method for contraflow design in post-disaster cases and traffic management scenarios
- 2019
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Ingår i: Expert systems with applications. - : Elsevier. - 0957-4174 .- 1873-6793. ; 124, s. 67-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing number of man-made and natural disasters in recent years has made the disaster management a focal point of interest and research. To assist and streamline emergency evacuation, changing the directions of the roads (called contraflow, a traffic control measure) is proven to be an effective, quick and affordable scheme in the action list of the disaster management. The contraflow is computationally a challenging problem (known as NP-hard), hence developing an efficient method applicable to real-world and large-sized cases is a significant challenge in the literature. To cope with its complexities and to tailor to practical applications, a hybrid heuristic method based on a machine-learning model and bilevel optimization is developed. The idea is to try and test several contraflow scenarios providing a training dataset for a supervised learning (regression) model which is then used in an optimization framework to find a better scenario in an iterative process. This method is coded as a single computer program synchronized with GAMS (for optimization), MATLAB (for machine learning), EMME3 (for traffic simulation), MS-Access (for data storage) and MS-Excel (as an interface), and it is tested using a real dataset from Winnipeg, and Sioux-Falls as benchmarks. The algorithm managed to find globally optimal solutions for the Sioux-Falls example and improved accessibility to the dense and congested central areas of Winnipeg just by changing the direction of some roads.
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| 49. |
- Bagloee, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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Minimization of water pumps' electricity usage: A hybrid approach of regression models with optimization
- 2018
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Ingår i: Expert Systems with Applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0957-4174. ; 107, s. 222-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to pervasive deployment of electricity-propelled water-pumps, water distribution systems (WDSs) are energy-intensive technologies which are largely operated and controlled by engineers based on their judgments and discretions. Hence energy efficiency in the water sector is a serious concern. To this end, this study is dedicated to the optimal operation of the WDS which is articulated as minimization of the pumps' energy consumption while maintaining flow, pressure, and tank water levels at a minimum level, also known as pump scheduling problem (PSP). This problem is proved to be NP-hard (i.e. a difficult problem computationally). We therefore develop a hybrid methodology incorporating machine-learning techniques as well as optimization methods to address real-life and large-sized WDSs. Other main contributions of this research are (i) in addition to fixed-speed pumps, the variable-speed pumps are optimally controlled, (ii) and operational rules such as water allocation rules can also be explicitly considered in the methodology. This methodology is tested using a large dataset in which the results are found to be highly promising. This methodology has been coded as a user-friendly software composed of MS-Excel (as a user interface), MS-Access (a database), MATLAB (for machine-learning), GAMS (with CPLEX solver for solving optimization problem) and EPANET (to solve hydraulic models). (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 50. |
- Bagloee, S.A., et al.
(författare)
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Minimization of water pumps' electricity usage: a machine-learning approach
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to pervasive deployment of electricity-propelled water-pumps, water distribution systems (WDSs) are energy-intensive technologies which are largely operated and controlled by engineers based on their judgments and discretions. Hence energy efficiency in the water sector is a serious concern. To this end, this study is dedicated to the optimal operation of the WDS which is articulated as minimization of the pumps’ energy consumption while maintaining flow, pressure, and tank water levels at a minimum level, also known as pump scheduling problem (PSP). This problem is proved to be of the most difficult problem (namely NP-hard). To this end, we develop a hybrid methodology consists of machine learning techniques as well as optimization methods, that is to address real life and large sized WDSs. Other main contributions of this research are (i) also, variable speed pumps can be modeled and optimally controlled, (ii) operational rules such as water allocation rules can also be explicitly considered in the methodology. This methodology is tested using a large sized dataset in which the results are found to be highly promising. This methodology has been coded as a user-friendly software composed of MS-Excel (as a user interface), MS-Access (a database), MATLAB (for machine learning), GAMS (with CPLEX solver for solving optimization problem) and EPANET (to solve hydraulic models).
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