| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ask, Per, et al.
(författare)
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A SHORT-TIME-DELAY URINARY FLOWMETER
- 1985
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Ingår i: Neurourology and Urodynamics. - : Wiley. - 0733-2467 .- 1520-6777. ; 4:3, s. 247-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A urinary flowmeter has been designed, using a quickly rotating disc and a balance principle. The flowmeter has a fast and accurate response to changing flows. The time delay of the flowmeter is less than about 0.25 s. The improved accuracy in recording urinary flow using the presented flowmeter should make it possible to extract more information from the detrusor pressure and urinary flow relations, relevant for assessing lower urinary tract function.
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| 3. |
- Språngberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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PRESSURE-FLOW STUDIES PREOPERATIVELY AND POSTOPERATIVELY IN PATIENTS WITH BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY - ESTIMATION OF THE URETHRAL PRESSURE-FLOW RELATION AND URETHRAL ELASTICITY
- 1991
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Ingår i: Neurourology and Urodynamics. - : Wiley. - 0733-2467 .- 1520-6777. ; 10:2, s. 139-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pressure/flow studies were performed in 28 men with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Twenty-three of the men were also studied postoperatively. Urethral function during micturition was quantified by the urethral pressure/flow relation, P(det) = P(mo) + L(m) Q(m), where P(det) is detrusor pressure, P(mo) is minimal opening pressure, Q is flow rate, and m and L(m) are parameters. Using this method to quantify urethral function, three urodynamically different types of obstruction can be defined. In the first of these, P(mo) is elevated corresponding to Schafer’s compressive obstruction. The second is a constrictive type of obstruction in which m greater-than-or-equal-to 4/3 and L(m) is elevated and the third is a low-compliant type of obstruction in which m less-than-or-equal-to 1 and L(m) is elevated. The two latter types of obstruction may be combined with a compressive obstruction. The preoperative pressure/flow relations were mostly characterized by a very high P(mo), a moderately elevated L(m), and a low m. Thus the majority of patients had a combination of compressive and low-compliant obstruction. Postoperatively, micturitions were much improved and the pressure/flow relations often had an even lower P(mo) than normal, a normal L(m), and a high m. From the pressure/flow relations, the elasticity of the flow-controlling zone can be estimated and described by the urethral pressure/area relation, p(A) = P(mo) + K(n) A(n), where p(A) is the intrinsic urethral pressure, A is the cross-sectional area of the flow-controlling zone and K(n) and n are parameters describing the distensibility of the flow-controlling zone. Preoperatively, the flow-controlling zone had a low distensibility. The shape of the curve suggested that the urethra could have been distended further by higher pressure. Postoperatively, the urethra was distended to larger cross-sectional areas, but in many cases the shape of the curve suggested that distension was restricted by fibrosis. Median and range values for the model parameters as well as discriminating limits between the preoperative micturitions and micturitions in elderly men without voiding problems are presented. The exponent m is not perfectly reproducible but tends to be the same if a person performs several micturitions. The residual sum of squares is often increased more than 100% if an exponent m value other than the optimal one is used for curve fitting. Results when the micturitions were analysed with Schafer’s model and classified using the maximum flow/pressure at maximum flow diagram recommended by the International Continence Society are also shown.
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| 4. |
- Spånberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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QUANTIFICATION OF URETHRAL FUNCTION BASED ON GRIFFITHS MODEL OF FLOW THROUGH ELASTIC TUBES
- 1989
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Ingår i: Neurourology and Urodynamics. - : Wiley. - 0733-2467 .- 1520-6777. ; 8:1, s. 29-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Griffiths' model of flow-through elastic tubes makes it possible to relate the elastic properties of the flow-controlling zone to the pressure/flow relation of the urethra. In this work the pressure function p(A) = Pmo + Kn An, where A is cross-sectional area, Pmo the minimal opening pressure, and Kn and n parameters describing urethral distensibility, describes the elastic properties of the flow-controlling zone. By curve-fitting in the pressure/flow plot, the three parameters pmo, Kn, and n can be estimated analytically. Using this model it is possible to identify three different biomechanical changes that may cause obstruction. First, pmo may be elevated. Second, the urethra can be distended to a certain area only, corresponding to high values of Kn and n. Third, the urethra can be distended but a higher-than-normal pressure increase above Pmo is needed, Kn is high, and n is low. With this model it is possible to quantify urethral function for both scientific and clinical purposes.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Abolins, M., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Data Acquisition and High Level Trigger system
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the data acquisition and high level trigger system of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, as deployed during Run 1. Data flow as well as control, configuration and monitoring aspects are addressed. An overview of the functionality of the system and of its performance is presented and design choices are discussed.
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| 25. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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A method for accurate localization of the first heart sound and possible applications
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physiological Measurement. - : Institutionen för medicinsk teknik. - 0967-3334 .- 1361-6579. ; 29:3, s. 417-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously developed a method for localization of the first heart sound (S1) using wavelet denoising and ECG-gated peak-picking. In this study, an additional enhancement step based on cross-correlation and ECG-gated ensemble averaging (EA) is presented. The main objective of the improved method was to localize S1 with very high temporal accuracy in (pseudo-) real time. The performance of S1 detection and localization, with and without EA enhancement, was evaluated on simulated as well as experimental data. The simulation study showed that EA enhancement reduced the localization error considerably and that S1 could be accurately localized at much lower signal-to-noise ratios. The experimental data were taken from ten healthy subjects at rest and during invoked hyper- and hypotension. For this material, the number of correct S1 detections increased from 91% to 98% when using EA enhancement. Improved performance was also demonstrated when EA enhancement was used for continuous tracking of blood pressure changes and for respiration monitoring via the electromechanical activation time. These are two typical applications where accurate localization of S1 is essential for the results.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Chaotic dynamics of respiratory sounds
- 2006
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Ingår i: Chaos, Solitons & Fractals. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-0779 .- 1873-2887. ; 29:5, s. 1054-1062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing interest in nonlinear analysis of respiratory sounds (RS), but little has been done to justify the use of nonlinear tools on such data. The aim of this paper is to investigate the stationarity, linearity and chaotic dynamics of recorded RS. Two independent data sets from 8 + 8 healthy subjects were recorded and investigated. The first set consisted of lung sounds (LS) recorded with an electronic stethoscope and the other of tracheal sounds (TS) recorded with a contact accelerometer. Recurrence plot analysis revealed that both LS and TS are quasistationary, with the parts corresponding to inspiratory and expiratory flow plateaus being stationary. Surrogate data tests could not provide statistically sufficient evidence regarding the nonlinearity of the data. The null hypothesis could not be rejected in 4 out of 32 LS cases and in 15 out of 32 TS cases. However, the Lyapunov spectra, the correlation dimension (D2) and the Kaplan-Yorke dimension (DKY) all indicate chaotic behavior. The Lyapunov analysis showed that the sum of the exponents was negative in all cases and that the largest exponent was found to be positive. The results are partly ambiguous, but provide some evidence of chaotic dynamics of RS, both concerning LS and TS. The results motivate continuous use of nonlinear tools for analysing RS data. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Noninvasive investigation of blood pressure changes using the pulse wave transit time : A novel approach in the monitoring of hemodialysis patients
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Artificial Organs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-7229 .- 1619-0904. ; 8:3, s. 192-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe blood pressure changes are well known in hemodialysis. Detection and prediction of these are important for the well-being of the patient and for optimizing treatment. New noninvasive methods for this purpose are required. The pulse wave transit time technique is an indirect estimation of blood pressure, and our intention is to investigate whether this technique is applicable for hemodialysis treatment. A measurement setup utilizing lower body negative pressure and isometric contraction was used to simulate dialysis-related blood pressure changes in normal test subjects. Systolic blood pressure levels were compared to different pulse wave transit times, including and excluding the cardiac preejection period. Based on the results of these investigations, a pulse wave transit time technique adapted for dialysis treatment was developed and tried out on patients. To determine systolic blood pressure in the normal group, the total pulse wave transit time was found most suitable (including the cardiac preejection period). Correlation coefficients were r = 0.80 ± 0.06 (mean ± SD) overall and r = 0.81 ± 0.16 and r = 0.09 ± 0.62 for the hypotension and hypertension phases, respectively. When applying the adapted technique in dialysis patients, large blood pressure variations could easily be detected when present. Pulse wave transit time is correlated to systolic blood pressure within the acceptable range for a trend-indicating system. The method's applicability for dialysis treatment requires further studies. The results indicate that large sudden pressure drops, like those seen in sudden hypovolemia, can be detected. © The Japanese Society for Artificial Organs 2005.
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| 30. |
- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-
(författare)
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Nonlinear phonocardiographic Signal Processing
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis work has been to develop signal analysis methods for a computerized cardiac auscultation system, the intelligent stethoscope. In particular, the work focuses on classification and interpretation of features derived from the phonocardiographic (PCG) signal by using advanced signal processing techniques.The PCG signal is traditionally analyzed and characterized by morphological properties in the time domain, by spectral properties in the frequency domain or by nonstationary properties in a joint time-frequency domain. The main contribution of this thesis has been to introduce nonlinear analysis techniques based on dynamical systems theory to extract more information from the PCG signal. Especially, Takens' delay embedding theorem has been used to reconstruct the underlying system's state space based on the measured PCG signal. This processing step provides a geometrical interpretation of the dynamics of the signal, whose structure can be utilized for both system characterization and classification as well as for signal processing tasks such as detection and prediction. In this thesis, the PCG signal's structure in state space has been exploited in several applications. Change detection based on recurrence time statistics was used in combination with nonlinear prediction to remove obscuring heart sounds from lung sound recordings in healthy test subjects. Sample entropy and mutual information were used to assess the severity of aortic stenosis (AS) as well as mitral insufficiency (MI) in dogs. A large number of, partly nonlinear, features was extracted and used for distinguishing innocent murmurs from murmurs caused by AS or MI in patients with probable valve disease. Finally, novel work related to very accurate localization of the first heart sound by means of ECG-gated ensemble averaging was conducted. In general, the presented nonlinear processing techniques have shown considerably improved results in comparison with other PCG based techniques.In modern health care, auscultation has found its main role in primary or in home health care, when deciding if special care and more extensive examinations are required. Making a decision based on auscultation is however difficult, why a simple tool able to screen and assess murmurs would be both time- and cost-saving while relieving many patients from needless anxiety. In the emerging field of telemedicine and home care, an intelligent stethoscope with decision support abilities would be of great value.
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| 31. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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The cognitive interview: Effects on the realism in witnesses confidence in their free recall
- 2004
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 1st meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Oslo, Norway..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using calibration methodology, this study compared the realism of witnesses confidence judgments of their own recall elicited in either the Cognitive Interview (CI) or the Structured Interview (SI). Participants were interviewed about their observations of a staged crime and returned two weeks later to assess their confidence in the statements. The CI, as in previous research, rendered a significantly higher number of correct recalled units compared with the SI. In both interview conditions the witnesses displayed a high level of accuracy and confidence, very good calibration, and very low overconfidence. No difference was found between the CI and SI in terms of calibration, under/overconfidence, or with respect to the witnesses estimations of the total number of correctly recalled items. It is suggested that the high realism found in these measures is due to the witnesses assessing their confidence in items they themselves had chosen to report.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The realism of confidence judgments of statements in the Cognitive and Standard Interviews
- 2003
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Ingår i: ; , s. 43-43
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cognitive Interview (CI) is a well-researched interview method and the research results show that CI, compared with more conventional interview styles, enhances witnesses’ memory. However, not much research has been done on the question of how CI affects the realism of eyewitnesses’ judgments of confidence in the veracity of their interview statements. In a previous study (Granhag, Jonsson & Allwood, Psychology, Crime & Law, in press) we investigated the realism of witnesses’ confidence judgments of their own answers to two-alternative questions. These questions were produced by the researchers to test the witnesses’ retention of a filmed kidnapping. Our results showed that, in this context, the CI does not appear to affect the realism in witnesses’ confidence, and not to inflate confidence in erroneous recall, compared to a Standard Interview (SI). In the present study our ambition was to conduct an ecologically more valid study of the realism of witnesses’ confidence judgments. Again, the CI was compared with a SI. The witnesses (n= 58) returned about two weeks after having been interviewed about their memories of the filmed kidnapping and were, at return, presented with transcribed versions of parts of their interview statements. These were confidence judged by the witnesses. The witnesses also gave an overall judgment of how many of all answered questions they had answered correctly (i.e., a frequency judgment). In our presentation, results will be presented regarding the realism of the witnesses’ confidence and frequency judgments in this, compared to our previous research, more ecologically valid study.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Plötslig oväntad död hos spädbarn. Kunskapsstöd med nationella rekommendationer till hälso- och sjukvården
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta kunskapsstöd presenteras rekommendationer till hälso- och sjukvår-den för rutiner vid plötslig oväntad död hos spädbarn. Vid plötslig oväntad död hos spädbarn bör hälso- och sjukvården använda Socialstyrelsens checklista för anamnesuppgifter använda Socialstyrelsens checklista för statusuppgifter använda Socialstyrelsens checklista för provtagningar och röntgenundersökning. Utredning av plötslig oväntad död hos spädbarn innefattar samverkan mellan tre aktörer med olika uppgifter, nämligen hälso- och sjukvården, Polismyndigheten och Rättsmedicinalverket. Rekommendationerna är avsedda som ett stöd till hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal vid omhändertagandet av det döda barnet och familjen. Rekommendationerna utgör även en grund för utveckling av lokala vårdprogram och de förväntas dessutom bidra till jämlikhet över landet när det gäller utredning samt till att förebygga plötslig oväntad död hos spädbarn. Eftersom det delvis saknas vetenskapliga studier med tillräcklig relevans och kvalitet om utredning av plötslig oväntad död hos spädbarn har Social-styrelsen genomfört en konsensusprocess för att formulera rekommendationerna. Att som förälder påträffa sitt spädbarn livlöst, eller att informeras om att barnet dött, innebär en extrem känslomässig påfrestning. I ett kapitel ger Socialstyrelsen stöd till hälso- och sjukvården med syfte att underlätta informationen till familjen om dödsorsaksutredningen och dödsorsaksdia-gnosen. I ett sista kapitel om stöd till föräldrar under utredningsprocessen ges vägledning om vad som är viktigt att tänka på i mötet med föräldrarna och andra närstående samt vad som bör göras för att utredningen ska bli så komplett som möjligt. I bilagan till kunskapsstödet finns också en beskrivning av de rättsliga förutsättningarna för utredning av plötslig oväntad död hos spädbarn.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Ask, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Studenters uppmärksamhet under föreläsningar
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings utvecklingskonferens 09 Lunds Universitet. - 9789197797429 ; , s. 112-120
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Föreläsningar är vanlig undervisningsform på Lunds Tekniska Högskola (LTH). Deras stora fördel är att information överförs ekonomiskt och effektivt till många studenter samtidigt men de har även sina begränsningar. Kritiker menar att information överförs till passivt mottagande studenter och att bristande uppmärksamhet och engagemang hos studenterna begränsar mängden kunskap som faktiskt tas emot. En intervju- och litteraturstudie har genomförts för att dels inventera vilka metoder som finns för att hålla studenternas uppmärksamhet uppe och dels vilka som tillämpas av föreläsare vid LTH. Variation och olika former av aktivering framstår såväl i litteraturen som i intervjuerna som viktiga metoder. I artikeln presenteras även inspiration kring hur man kan använda variation, och andra aktiviteter för att engagera och aktivera studenterna samt hur man kan strukturera en föreläsning. De flesta av de intervjuade föreläsarna uppger att de utvecklat sina strategier genom erfarenhet medan knappt hälften nämner pedagogiska kurser.
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| 40. |
- Ask, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The potential of proton beam radiation therapy in gastrointestinal cancer
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 44:8, s. 896-903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A group of Swedish oncologists and hospital physicists have estimated the number of patients in Sweden suitable for proton beam therapy. The estimations have been based on current statistics of tumour incidence, number of patients potentially eligible for radiation treatment, scientific support from clinical trials and model dose planning studies and knowledge of the dose-response relations of different tumours and normal tissues. In gastrointestinal cancers, it is assessed that at least 345 patients, mainly non-resectable rectal cancers, oesophageal and liver cancers, are eligible. Great uncertainties do however exist both in the number of patients with gastrointestinal cancers suitable for radiation therapy, and in the proportion of those where proton beams may give sufficiently better results.
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| 41. |
- Ask, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The potential of proton beam radiation therapy in head and neck cancer.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 44:8, s. 876-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A group of Swedish oncologists and hospital physicists have estimated the number of patients in Sweden suitable for proton beam therapy. The estimations have been based on current statistics of tumour incidence, number of patients potentially eligible for radiation treatment, scientific support from clinical trials and model dose planning studies and knowledge of the dose-response relations of different tumours and normal tissues. In head and neck cancer, including thyroid cancer, it is assessed that at least 300 patients annually will gain sufficiently from proton beam therapy, both to improve tumour control and to decrease toxicity to compensate for the increased treatment costs using protons.
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| 42. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of investigators epistemic motivation: Biased perception and sensitivity to criminal evidence
- 2005
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 15th European Conference on Psychology and Law, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a first study, 50 experienced criminal investigators (Experiment 1) and 68 university students (Experiment 2) read a condensed homicide case material. Students interpreted the material differently as a function of their initial hy-pothesis regarding the case, whereas investigators made incriminating interpre-tations regardless of hypothesis. Investigators with a high (vs. low) need for cog-nitive closure (NFC) were somewhat more influenced by their initial hypothesis. In a second study of 49 experienced investigators, a witness who reported infor-mation inconsistent (vs. consistent) with investigators initial hypothesis was per-ceived as less reliable and credible. High-NFC (vs. low-NFC) participants were less influenced by the witness in their perception of the case. The studies indicate that initial beliefs regarding a crime may color the interpretation of subsequent evidence, and that epistemic motives may be an important source of belief perse-verance
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| 43. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of investigators’ epistemic motivation: Biased perception and sensitivity to criminal evidence
- 2005
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Ingår i: The 2nd meeting of the NNPL, Kristianstad, Sweden, September 29-30.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- External pressures in investigators’ work environment, such as time pressure, occupational culture, and pressure from media and the public, are likely to activate epistemic goals—subjective preferences regarding the outcome of cognitive tasks. Predictions were derived from the motivated social cognition framework as to how epistemic goals might influence the tasks carried out in criminal investigations. A first study examined the prediction that investigators’ initial hypothesis regarding a crime would influence their interpretation of ambiguous criminal evidence, particularly when motivated to achieve cognitive closure. The results of two experiments, with 50 experienced criminal investigators (Experiment 1) and 68 university students (Experiment 2), showed that students’ interpretations of a criminal case material differed significantly as a function of their initial hypothesis. In contrast, investigators tended to perceive the material in incriminating terms across conditions. A non-significant trend suggested that investigators with a high (vs. low) need for cognitive closure (NFC) were more influenced by their initial hypothesis. A second study tested the prediction that witnesses who reported information inconsistent (vs. consistent) with investigators’ initial hypothesis would be perceived as less reliable and credible, particularly by investigators working under high NFC. The prediction received consistent support in the data from 49 experienced criminal investigators. Although the effect was not moderated by investigators’ level of NFC, participants high (vs. low) in NFC were more persistent in their initial hypothesis regarding the crime, and less influenced by the witness evidence.
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| 44. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Elasticity in evaluations of criminal evidence: Exploring the role of cognitive dissonance
- 2011
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Ingår i: Legal and Criminological Psychology. ; 16, s. 289-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. Previous experiments have demonstrated asymmetrical scepticism in investigators' judgments of criminal evidence – evidence inconsistent (vs. consistent) with the dominant hypothesis about a case is judged as less reliable. In addition, some types of evidence (e.g., witness testimony) are more susceptible to asymmetrical scepticism than others (e.g., DNA evidence), indicating varying degrees of elasticity. This article proposes that inconsistent evidence arouses cognitive dissonance, and that the dissonance can be reduced through either asymmetrical scepticism (for high-elasticity evidence) or belief change (for low-elasticity evidence). The hypotheses are tested in two experiments. Methods. In both experiments, law students made a preliminary judgment about the guilt of a suspect in a homicide case, and subsequently received a piece of DNA or witness evidence which was either consistent or inconsistent with the preliminary judgment. The extent to which participants changed their guilt judgments, judged the additional evidence as reliable, and felt dissonance served as the main dependent variables. Results. Inconsistent (vs. consistent) evidence did arouse stronger dissonance, but only for witness (and not DNA) evidence. Experienced dissonance (Experiment 1) and dissonance reduction (Experiment 2) accounted for the effect of the evidence on changes in guilt judgments, but not for the effect on reliability judgments. The greatest dissonance reduction was observed among participants who received inconsistent witness evidence but did not change their guilt judgments accordingly. Conclusions. It appears that dissonance plays a significant, although complex, role in investigative judgments of guilt and reliability. Alternative dissonance-reducing mechanisms that can account for the findings and practical implications are discussed.
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| 45. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Eliciting human intelligence: The effects of social exclusion and inclusion on information disclosure
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling. - : Wiley. - 1544-4759 .- 1544-4767. ; 16:1, s. 3-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eliciting information from semicooperative sources presents a major challenge in investigative and intelligence settings. This research examines the role of the human need to belong in individuals' willingness to disclose critical information. We hypothesised that social exclusion would exert a threat to individuals' need to belong and self‐esteem, which would make them strive for social reconnection through sharing information with others. In two experiments (N = 150 and N = 135), social exclusion and inclusion were manipulated before participants were given the opportunity to disclose critical information in a semicooperative game setting (Study 1) or a mock intelligence interview (Study 2). Social exclusion did not influence information disclosure in any of the experiments. Instead, however, social inclusion unexpectedly increased information disclosure in the interview setting. We conclude that prior social experiences can influence the outcome of subsequent interviews, but the precise mechanisms underlying such influence are currently unknown.
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| 46. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Falska minnen och falska bekännelser : False memories and false confessions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Handbok i rättspsykologi.. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147052875 ; , s. 343-360
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kapitlet tar bl a upp forskning som visar hur det mänskliga minnet kan påverkas av yttre faktorer (t ex kommunikation med andra personer), och hur detta ibland kan leda till falska minnesbilder. Dessutom redogörs för olika typer av falska erkännanden, samt faktorer som kan öka risken för sådana.
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| 47. |
- Ask, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Falska minnen och falska erkännanden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Handbok i rättspsykologi. - : Liber, Stockholm. - 9789147052875
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter discusses cognitive and social aspects that may contribute to false memories in children and adults. The chapter also discusses different causes behind false confessions among suspects of crimes and that interrogation methods recommended in some police manuals can result in miscarriages of justice as a result of false confessions.
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| 48. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Hot cognition in investigative judgments: The differential influence of anger and sadness
- 2006
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Ingår i: 16th Conference of the European Association of Psychology & Law, Liverpool.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors predicted that the cognitive appraisal tendencies associated with sadness and anger would exert different influences on investigators crime-related judgments. Supporting evidence was found in an experiment with 61 experienced criminal investigators. First, when judging the reliability of a witness statement, sad participants relied on their perception of both witness and situational variables, whereas angry participants relied only on their perception of witness variables. This corresponds to the emphasis placed on situational and individual control in the appraisals associated with sadness and anger, respectively. Second, when making judgments of the case, sad participants were sensitive to the consistency of a witness statement with the central hypothesis of the investigation, indicating substantive processing, whereas angry participants were unaffected by statement-hypothesis consistency, indicating heuristic processing. The findings suggest that the process of reliability assessment can be better understood by consulting theories of attribution and information processing.
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| 49. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Hot cognition in investigative judgments: The differential influence of anger and sadness
- 2007
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Ingår i: Law and Human Behavior. ; 31:6, s. 537-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors predicted that the cognitive appraisal tendencies associated with sadness and anger would exert different influences on investigators’ crime-related judgments. Supporting evidence was found in an experiment with 61 experienced criminal investigators. First, when judging the reliability of a witness statement, sad participants relied on their perception of both witness and situational variables, whereas angry participants relied only on their perception of witness variables. This corresponds to the emphasis placed on situational and individual control in the appraisals associated with sadness and anger, respectively. Second, when making judgments of the case, sad participants were sensitive to the consistency of a witness statement with the central hypothesis of the investigation, indicating substantive processing, whereas angry participants were unaffected by statement-hypothesis consistency, indicating heuristic processing. The findings suggest that the process of reliability assessment can be better understood by consulting theories of attribution and information processing.
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- Ask, Karen, et al.
(författare)
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IFMS - vad hände sedan? : utvärderingsrapport 2012
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande utvärderingsrapport utgör en uppföljning av samverkansprojektet: ”Ingen faller mellan stolarna”. Projektet har drivits av Malmö stad sedan år 2010 med stöd av Socialstyrelsen och har varit stadsdelsövergripande. Målet med projektet har varit att uppnå samarbetsformer mellan Individ- och Familjeomsrog (IoF) samt Vård- och Omsorg (VoF) som gör att personer som är, eller riskerar att bli, hemlösa och vars problematik berör båda verksamheterna ska kunna ta del av förbättrade och samordnade insatser.
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