| 1. |
- de Jong, R. S., et al.
(författare)
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4MOST : Project overview and information for the First Call for Proposals
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Messenger. - : European Southern Observatory. - 0722-6691. ; 175, s. 3-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We introduce the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST), a new high-multiplex, wide-field spectroscopic survey facility under development for the four-metre-class Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) at Paranal. Its key specifications are: a large field of view (FoV) of 4.2 square degrees and a high multiplex capability, with 1624 fibres feeding two low-resolution spectrographs (R = λ/Δλ ~ 6500), and 812 fibres transferring light to the high-resolution spectrograph (R ~ 20 000). After a description of the instrument and its expected performance, a short overview is given of its operational scheme and planned 4MOST Consortium science; these aspects are covered in more detail in other articles in this edition of The Messenger. Finally, the processes, schedules, and policies concerning the selection of ESO Community Surveys are presented, commencing with a singular opportunity to submit Letters of Intent for Public Surveys during the first five years of 4MOST operations.
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| 2. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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A human protein atlas for normal and cancer tissues based on antibody proteomics
- 2005
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Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 4:12, s. 1920-1932
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibody-based proteomics provides a powerful approach for the functional study of the human proteome involving the systematic generation of protein-specific affinity reagents. We used this strategy to construct a comprehensive, antibody-based protein atlas for expression and localization profiles in 48 normal human tissues and 20 different cancers. Here we report a new publicly available database containing, in the first version, similar to 400,000 high resolution images corresponding to more than 700 antibodies toward human proteins. Each image has been annotated by a certified pathologist to provide a knowledge base for functional studies and to allow queries about protein profiles in normal and disease tissues. Our results suggest it should be possible to extend this analysis to the majority of all human proteins thus providing a valuable tool for medical and biological research.
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| 3. |
- Alam, Assad, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperative driving according to Scoop
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Scania are entering the GCDC 2011 under the name Scoop –Stockholm Cooperative Driving. This paper is an introduction to their team and to the technical approach theyare using in their prototype system for GCDC 2011.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Asplund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies for profiling the human proteome-The Human Protein Atlas as a resource for cancer research
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley. - 1615-9853 .- 1615-9861. ; 12:13, s. 2067-2077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this review, we present an update on the progress of the Human Protein Atlas, with an emphasis on strategies for validating immunohistochemistry-based protein expression patterns and on the possibilities to extend the map of protein expression patterns for cancer research projects. The objectives underlying the Human Protein Atlas include (i) the generation of validated antibodies toward a major isoform of all proteins encoded by the human genome, (ii) creating an information database of protein expression patterns in normal human tissues, in cells, and in cancer, and (iii) utilizing generated antibodies and protein expression data as tools to identify clinically useful biomarkers. The success of such an effort is dependent on the validity of antibodies as specific binders of intended targets in applications used to map protein expression patterns. The development of strategies to support specific target binding is crucial and remains a challenge as a large fraction of proteins encoded by the human genome is poorly characterized, including the approximately one-third of all proteins lacking evidence of existence. Conceivable methods for validation include the use of paired antibodies, i.e. two independent antibodies targeting different and nonoverlapping epitopes on the same protein as well as comparative analysis of mRNA expression patterns with corresponding proteins.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Asplund, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The COST 259 Directional Channel Model-Part II : Macrocells
- 2006
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 5:12, s. 3434-3450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the attributes of the COST 259 directional channel model that are applicable for use in the design and implementation of macrocellular mobile and portable radio systems and associated technology. Special care has been taken to model all propagation mechanisms that are currently understood to contribute to the characteristics of practical macrocellular channels and confirm that large scale, small scale, anddirectional characteristics of implemented models are realistic through their comparison with available measured data. The model that is described makes full use of previously published work, as well as incorporating some new results. It is considered that its implementation should contribute to a tool that can be used for simulations and comparison of different aspects of a large variety of wireless communication systems, including those that exploit the spatial aspects of radio channels, as, for example, throughthe use of adaptive antenna systems.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Berglund, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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A genecentric Human Protein Atlas for expression profiles based on antibodies
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 7:10, s. 2019-2027
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- An attractive path forward in proteomics is to experimentally annotate the human protein complement of the genome in a genecentric manner. Using antibodies, it might be possible to design protein-specific probes for a representative protein from every protein-coding gene and to subsequently use the antibodies for systematical analysis of cellular distribution and subcellular localization of proteins in normal and disease tissues. A new version (4.0) of the Human Protein Atlas has been developed in a genecentric manner with the inclusion of all human genes and splice variants predicted from genome efforts together with a visualization of each protein with characteristics such as predicted membrane regions, signal peptide, and protein domains and new plots showing the uniqueness (sequence similarity) of every fraction of each protein toward all other human proteins. The new version is based on tissue profiles generated from 6120 antibodies with more than five million immunohistochemistry-based images covering 5067 human genes, corresponding to approximately 25% of the human genome. Version 4.0 includes a putative list of members in various protein classes, both functional classes, such as kinases, transcription factors, G-protein-coupled receptors, etc., and project-related classes, such as candidate genes for cancer or cardiovascular diseases. The exact antigen sequence for the internally generated antibodies has also been released together with a visualization of the application-specific validation performed for each antibody, including a protein array assay, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and, for a large fraction, immunofluorescence-based confocal microscopy. New search functionalities have been added to allow complex queries regarding protein expression profiles, protein classes, and chromosome location. The new version of the protein atlas thus is a resource for many areas of biomedical research, including protein science and biomarker discovery.
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| 10. |
- Berglund, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Generation of validated antibodies towards the human proteome
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Here we show the results from a large effort to generate antibodies towards the human proteome. A high-throughput strategy was developed based on cloning and expression of antigens as recombitant protein epitope signature tags (PrESTs) Affinity purified polyclonal antibodies were generated, followed by validation by protein microarrays, Western blotting and microarray-based immunohistochemistry. PrESTs were selected based on sequence uniqueness relative the proteome and a bioinformatics analysis showed that unique antigens can be found for at least 85% of the proteome using this general strategy. The success rate from antigen selection to validated antibodies was 31%, and from protein to antibody 55%. Interestingly, membrane-bound and soluble proteins performed equally and PrEST lengths between 75 and 125 amino acids were found to give the highest yield of validated antibodies. Multiple antigens were selected for many genes and the results suggest that specific antibodies can be systematically generated to most human proteibs.
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| 11. |
- Brandt, Rasmus, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Interference Alignment in Frequency — a Measurement Based Performance Analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: 2012 19th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing, IWSSIP 2012. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9783200023284 ; , s. 227-230
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The idea of interference alignment (IA) has shown great promise in many theoretical studies. Yet it is not clear under what operating conditions it will perform better than traditional multiple access schemes under realistic network conditions. Here, we use measured channels to evaluate a number of different IA schemes and related methods, focusing on wideband single-antenna transmission, using frequency extensions for the IA. The radio channels were measured jointly from three base station sites in an urban macrocell scenario, over a 20 MHz bandwidth, allowing to emulate a scenario with 3 interfering cells (i.e. 3 interfering transmit/receive pairs). The numerical results show clear gains using IA related methods, compared to frequency planning with frequency reuse 3 and to uncoordinated transmission, even at low to moderate SNR.
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| 12. |
- Chatchumni, Manaporn, 1974-
(författare)
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Post-operative pain management practice : Current situation and challenges within nursing practice in a Thai context
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Patients’ recovery after surgery is one of the most important health processes in planned hospital healthcare and has a direct impact on welfare and welfare systems. Therefore, what nurses do in the immediate postoperative period is of vital importance. This thesis addresses the question of understanding how nurses work in managing post-operative pain by exploring their daily nursing practices and experiences in responding to the patient in pain within a Thai cultural context.The project applied a qualitative methodology where the local culture and its day-to-day practices of pain management were studied by using observations, focus groups, in-depth interviews and a critical incident interview approach with nurses. Informants were recruited at a public hospital in Bangkok in a surgical ward. In all, 100 hours of observations, 39 interviews and 69 descriptions of critical incidents related to nurse’s pain management were gathered. The data analysis followed the principles of qualitative research.The findings showed that, although there is a clearly defined approach to pain management, the response system followed by the nurses to address patients’ pain is complex and includes much lead time between assessing patients’ pain and the nurses responding to the pain. Furthermore, nurses are caught in what is labeled a patient paradigm, where evidence of pain often is double- and triple-checked by scoring and recording signs that are then subject to confirmation by a third party. Underpinning this is a culture of pain management cultivated between the nurses that rests first and foremost on their own experiences and a working/professional culture where nurses offer each other practical help in urgent situations, but seldom discuss event-based strategies together. Nevertheless, when nurses described situations when they were successful in practicing pain management, they considered their own engagement and their availability of time, space and therapeutic options to be important.Keywords: Culture of nursing, Nursing in pain management, Pain assessment, Perception of pain, Pain management, Pain post-operative
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| 13. |
- Dahlgren, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Trophic transfer of naturally produced brominated aromatic compounds in a Baltic Sea food chain
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 144, s. 1597-1604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brominated aromatic compounds (BACs) are widely distributed in the marine environment. Some of these compounds are highly toxic, such as certain hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs). In addition to anthropogenic emissions through use of BACs as e.g. flame retardants, BACs are natural products formed by marine organisms such as algae, sponges, and cyanobacteria. Little is known of the transfer of BACs from natural producers and further up in the trophic food chain. In this study it was observed that total sum of methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) and OH-PBDEs increased in concentration from the filamentous red alga Ceramium tenuicorne, via Gammarus sp. and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to perch (Perca fluviatilis). The MeO-PBDEs, which were expected to bioaccumulate, increased in concentration accordingly up to perch, where the levels suddenly dropped dramatically. The opposite pattern was observed for OH-PBDEs, where the concentration exhibited a general trend of decline up the food web, but increased in perch, indicating metabolic demethylation of MeO-PBDEs. Debromination was also indicated to occur when progressing through the food chain resulting in high levels of tetra-brominated MeO-PBDE and OH-PBDE congeners in fish, while some penta- and hexa-brominated congeners were observed to be the dominant products in the alga. As it has been shown that OH-PBDEs are potent disruptors of oxidative phosphorylation and that mixtures of different congener may act synergistically in terms of this toxic mode of action, the high levels of OH-PBDEs detected in perch in this study warrants further investigation into potential effects of these compounds on Baltic wildlife, and monitoring of their levels.
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| 14. |
- Eriksson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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A stromal cell population in the large intestine identified by tissue factor expression that is lost during colorectal cancer progression
- 2016
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Ingår i: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - 0340-6245 .- 2567-689X. ; 116:6, s. 1050-1059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and the composition of the tumour stroma is a strong predictor of survival in this cancer type. Tissue factor (TF) functions as the trigger of haemostasis together with its ligand coagulation factor VII/ VIIa, and TF expression has been found in tumour cells of colorectal tumours. However, TF expression in the CRC tumour stroma or its relationship to patient outcome has not yet been studied. To address this question we developed and validated a specific anti-TF antibody using standardised methods within the Human Protein Atlas project. We used this antibody to investigate TF expression in normal colorectal tissue and CRC using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry in two patient cohorts. TF was strongly expressed in a cell population immediately adjacent to the colorectal epithelium. These TF-positive cells were ACTA2-negative but weakly vimentin-positive, defining a specific population of pericryptal sheath cells. In colorectal tumours, TF-positive sheath cells were progressively lost after the adenoma-to-carcinoma transition, demonstrating downregulation of this source of TF in CRC. Furthermore, loss of sheath cell TF was significantly associated with poor overall and disease-specific survival in rectal but not colon cancers. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TF is a marker of a specific cell population in the large intestine, which is lost during CRC progression. Our results highlight the role of the tumour stroma in this cancer type and suggest TF to be a potential prognostic biomarker in rectal cancers through the identification of pericryptal sheath cells.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Fagerberg, Linn, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of antibody-based protein profiling to the human chromosome-centric proteome project (C-HPP)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 12:6, s. 2439-2448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A gene-centric Human Proteome Project has been proposed to characterize the human protein-coding genes in a chromosome-centered manner to understand human biology and disease. Here, we report on the protein evidence for all genes predicted from the genome sequence based on manual annotation from literature (UniProt), antibody-based profiling in cells, tissues and organs and analysis of the transcript profiles using next generation sequencing in human cell lines of different origins. We estimate that there is good evidence for protein existence for 69% (n = 13985) of the human protein-coding genes, while 23% have only evidence on the RNA level and 7% still lack experimental evidence. Analysis of the expression patterns shows few tissue-specific proteins and approximately half of the genes expressed in all the analyzed cells. The status for each gene with regards to protein evidence is visualized in a chromosome-centric manner as part of a new version of the Human Protein Atlas (www.proteinatlas.org).
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Gilmore, G., et al.
(författare)
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The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products star
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 666
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Harrysson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Dual antenna terminals in an indoor scenario
- 2006
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 1550-2252. ; 6, s. 2737-2741
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of two different dual antenna hand-held test mobile terminals has been investigated in a realistic indoor office environment and scenario, with respect to antenna performance, diversity combining and Shannon MIMO channel capacity. Measurements of a 2times2 MIMO channel at 1877.5 MHz (narrowband) were performed using a dual-polarized base station antenna. Analyses show that diversity gains, using ideal selection combining and maximum ratio combining, between 0.7 and 4.6 dB was achieved at the 10% outage probability level. Ideal dual-side beamforming (single branch) gives up to 3.3 dB capacity gain compared to single antenna systems at SNR less than 10 dB, however, decreases with rising SNR. Dual branch MIMO capacity gain is only significant at higher SNR above 10 dB. In addition, horizontal polarization at the base station was found to outperform vertical polarization in this scenario
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| 21. |
- Holmblad, Peter, 1980-
(författare)
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Coastal Communities on the Move : House and Polity Interaction in Southern Ostrobothnia 1500 BC-AD 1
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work attempts to seek new insights in understanding the archeological phenomena traditionally labelled as the western Bronze Age and the coastal Pre-Roman cultures of Finland (1500 BC-AD 1), by studying the phenomena from a socioeconomic interaction and practice oriented community perspective. The basic line of thought is that it was the everyday life of the local agents and their interactions that constituted the local communities. Communities are seen as built from the bottom up by the interaction of various local agents. The organised agents, their practices and their mutual interaction on various scales of social organisation are regarded as the central factors that created and shaped the history of the communities. Problems that are addressed concern the interrelationship between the subsistence practices, habitation practices and the social organisation of the coastal communities. Houses and local polities are regarded as two basic social institutions that were essential for the structuration of the coastal communities and for their relation to external networks. I also address the issue of the various spatial and temporal scales that can be considered as essential for the structuration of the coastal communities, and furthermore how the coastal communities managed change over time. The geographical scope of this thesis is limited to the former province of Vaasa (Vaasan lääni/Vasa län) in western Finland, with a special emphasis on the coastal southern part of Ostrobothnia. A suggested high-rank House from the Late Bronze Age is studied in Laihia. Methodologically a broad perspective with a comparative, diachronic and a multi-proxy approach is conducted in the study of the structuration of communities. The constitution of the communities is largely approached through themes that are related to landscape and settlement archaeology. Contextual analyses of the combinations of various subsistence and habitation practices form the basis for the identification of different community constituting subgroups of agents.
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| 22. |
- Jönsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Sulphur abundances in halo giants from the [S I] line at 1082 nm and the [S I] triplet around 1045 nm
- 2011
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 530, s. A144-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. It is still debated whether or not the Galactic chemical evolution of sulphur in the halo follows the flat trend with [Fe/H] that is ascribed to the result of explosive nucleosynthesis in type II SNe. It has been suggested that the disagreement between different investigations of sulphur abundances in halo stars might be owing to problems with the diagnostics used, that a new production source of sulphur might be needed in the early Universe, like hypernovae, or that the deposition of supernova ejecta into the interstellar medium is time-delayed. Aims. The aim of this study is to try to clarify this situation by measuring the sulphur abundance in a sample of halo giants using two diagnostics: the S I triplet around 1045 nm and the [S I] line at 1082 nm. The latter of the two is not believed to be sensitive to non-LTE effects. We can thereby minimize the uncertainties in the diagnostic used and estimate the usefulness of the triplet for the sulphur determination in halo K giants. We will also be able to compare our sulphur abundance differences from the two diagnostics with the expected non-LTE effects in the 1045 nm triplet previously calculated by others. Methods. High-resolution near-infrared spectra of ten K giants were recorded using the spectrometer CRIRES mounted at VLT. Two standard settings were used, one covering the S I triplet and one covering the [S I] line. The sulphur abundances were individually determined with equivalent widths and synthetic spectra for the two diagnostics using tailored 1D model atmospheres and relying on non-LTE corrections from the litterature. Effects of convective inhomogeneities in the stellar atmospheres are investigated. Results. The sulphur abundances derived from both the [S I] line and the non-LTE corrected 1045 nm triplet favor a flat trend for the evolution of sulphur. In contrast to some previous studies, we saw no "high" values of [S/Fe] in our sample. Conclusions. We corroborate the flat trend in the [S/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] plot for halo stars found in some previous studies but do not find a scatter or a rise in [S/Fe] as obtained in other works. We find the sulphur abundances deduced from the non-LTE corrected triplet to be somewhat lower than the abundances from the [S I] line, possibly indicating too large non-LTE corrections. Considering 3D modeling, however, they might instead be too small. Moreover, we show that the [S I] line can be used as a sulphur diagnostic down to [Fe/H] similar to - 2.3 in giants.
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| 23. |
- Molisch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The COST 259 directional channel model - Part I: Overview and methodology
- 2006
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1536-1276. ; 5:12, s. 3421-3433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a model for mobile radio channels that includes consideration of directions of arrival and is thus suitable for simulations of the performance of wireless systems that use smart antennas. The model is specified for 13 different types of environments, covering macro- micro- and picocells. In this paper, a hierarchy of modeling concepts is described, as well as implementation aspects that are valid for all environments. The model is based on the specification of directional channel impulse response functions, from which the impulse response functions at all antenna elements can be obtained. A layered approach, which distinguishes between external (fixed), large-scale-, and small-scale- parameters allows an efficient parameterization. Different implementation methods, based on either a tapped-delay line or a geometrical model, are described. The paper also derives the transformation between those two approaches. Finally, the concepts of clusters and visibility regions are used to account for large delay and angular spreads that have been measured. In two companion papers, the environment-specific values, of the model parameters are explained and justified.
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| 24. |
- Plicanic, Vanja, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental evaluation of MIMO terminal antenna configurations in noise- and interference-limited urban scenarios
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP). - 9788882020743
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we compare capacity performances of three terminal dual-antenna configurations at 2.65 GHz based on extensive 2 by 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel measurements in an urban macrocellular environment. Both noise- and interference-limited scenarios are investigated. Our results show that, on average over the measurement route, the capacity performance is mainly determined by the received power. However, locally along the route, the eigenvalue dispersion of the channel can be the dominant factor that influences the capacity performance. In addition, significant differences in the local performances of the terminal antenna configurations along the route give an indication that antenna reconfigurability is a promising approach to maximize capacity.
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| 25. |
- Plicanic, Vanja, et al.
(författare)
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Free space performance comparison of MIMO terminal antennas in noise- and interference-limited urban environments
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This contribution comprises a comparison of capacity performances of MIMO terminal antenna configurations for smart phones at 2.65 GHz, measured in an extensive 2×2 MIMO measurement campaign in noise- and interference-limited urban environments. Whereas, on average along the route, the performances where dictated by the received power, locally the eigenvalue dispersion of the communication channel, and also interference channel, is shown to have significant impact on the capacity. Thus, locally, depending on the antenna-channel interaction, different cases of best performances are observed among the evaluated antenna terminals. The differences in the performance along the route indicate a potential of adaptivity for maximizing MIMO capacity.
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| 26. |
- Plicanic, Vanja, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of handheld MIMO terminals in noise- and interference-limited urban macrocellular scenarios
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - 0018-926X. ; 60:8, s. 3901-3912
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedMultiple-antenna handheld terminals are an integral part of the latest mobile communication systems, due to the adoption of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. In this contribution, MIMO performances of three multiple-antenna configurations for smart phones are investigated in an urban macrocellular environment, based on an extensive MIMO measurement campaign at 2.65 GHz. The smart phones were held in a two-hand user grip position and both downlink noise- and interference-limited scenarios were evaluated. Our results show that, overall along the test route, the capacity performances are dictated by the power of the communication links. Nevertheless, locally, the multipath richness of the communication channel can have a significant impact on the capacity performances. In addition to the terminal antenna configurations, spatial and cross polarization references were also utilized to further illustrate the importance of multipath richness in both the desired and the interference channels. Moreover, the differences in the local capacity performances along the route for the three antenna configurations give a first indication of the potential benefit in implementing reconfigurable multiple antennas. If switching for maximum capacity is applied between the terminal antenna configurations in the two-hand grip position, average capacity improvements of up to 17% and 30% for local 20 m route sections are observed in the noise- and the interference-limited scenarios, respectively.
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| 27. |
- Pontén, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A global view of protein expression in human cells, tissues, and organs
- 2009
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Ingår i: Molecular Systems Biology. - : EMBO. - 1744-4292 .- 1744-4292. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defining the protein profiles of tissues and organs is critical to understanding the unique characteristics of the various cell types in the human body. In this study, we report on an anatomically comprehensive analysis of 4842 protein profiles in 48 human tissues and 45 human cell lines. A detailed analysis of over 2 million manually annotated, high-resolution, immunohistochemistry- based images showed a high fraction (>65%) of expressed proteins in most cells and tissues, with very few proteins (<2%) detected in any single cell type. Similarly, confocal microscopy in three human cell lines detected expression of more than 70% of the analyzed proteins. Despite this ubiquitous expression, hierarchical clustering analysis, based on global protein expression patterns, shows that the analyzed cells can be still subdivided into groups according to the current concepts of histology and cellular differentiation. This study suggests that tissue specificity is achieved by precise regulation of protein levels in space and time, and that different tissues in the body acquire their unique characteristics by controlling not which proteins are expressed but how much of each is produced. Molecular Systems Biology 5: 337; published online 22 December 2009; doi:10.1038/msb.2009.93
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| 28. |
- Pontén, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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The Human Protein Atlas as a proteomic resource for biomarker discovery
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 270:5, s. 428-446
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The analysis of tissue-specific expression at both the gene and protein levels is vital for understanding human biology and disease. Antibody-based proteomics provides a strategy for the systematic generation of antibodies against all human proteins to combine with protein profiling in tissues and cells using tissue microarrays, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The Human Protein Atlas project was launched in 2003 with the aim of creating a map of protein expression patterns in normal cells, tissues and cancer. At present, 11 200 unique proteins corresponding to over 50% of all human protein encoding genes have been analysed. All protein expression data, including underlying high-resolution images, are published on the free and publically available Human Protein Atlas portal (http://www.proteinatlas.org). This database provides an important source of information for numerous biomedical research projects, including biomarker discovery efforts. Moreover, the global analysis of how our genome is expressed at the protein level has provided basic knowledge on the ubiquitous expression of a large proportion of our proteins and revealed the paucity of cell-andtissue-type-specific proteins.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Randich, S., et al.
(författare)
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The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Implementation, data products, open cluster survey, science, and legacy
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP SCIENCES S A. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. In the last 15 years different ground-based spectroscopic surveys have been started (and completed) with the general aim of delivering stellar parameters and elemental abundances for large samples of Galactic stars, complementing Gaia astrometry. Among those surveys, the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey, the only one performed on a 8m class telescope, was designed to target 100 000 stars using FLAMES on the ESO VLT (both Giraffe and UVES spectrographs), covering all the Milky Way populations, with a special focus on open star clusters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey implementation (observations, data quality, analysis and its success, data products, and releases), of the open cluster survey, of the science results and potential, and of the survey legacy. A companion article reviews the overall survey motivation, strategy, Giraffe pipeline data reduction, organisation, and workflow. Methods. We made use of the information recorded and archived in the observing blocks; during the observing runs; in a number of relevant documents; in the spectra and master catalogue of spectra; in the parameters delivered by the analysis nodes and the working groups; in the final catalogue; and in the science papers. Based on these sources, we critically analyse and discuss the output and products of the Survey, including science highlights. We also determined the average metallicities of the open clusters observed as science targets and of a sample of clusters whose spectra were retrieved from the ESO archive. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey has determined homogeneous good-quality radial velocities and stellar parameters for a large fraction of its more than 110 000 unique target stars. Elemental abundances were derived for up to 31 elements for targets observed with UVES. Lithium abundances are delivered for about 1/3 of the sample. The analysis and homogenisation strategies have proven to be successful; several science topics have been addressed by the Gaia-ESO consortium and the community, with many highlight results achieved. Conclusions. The final catalogue will be released through the ESO archive in the first half of 2022, including the complete set of advanced data products. In addition to these results, the Gaia-ESO Survey will leave a very important legacy, for several aspects and for many years to come.
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| 31. |
- Riback, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Carrier frequency effects on path loss
- 2006
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 1550-2252. ; 6, s. 2717-2721
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the carrier frequency effects on path loss, measurements have been conducted at four discrete frequencies in the range 460-5100 MHz. The transmitter was placed on the roof of a 36 meters tall building and the receive antennas were placed on the roof of a van. Both urban and suburban areas were included in the measurement campaign. The results show that there is a frequency dependency, in addition to the well known free-space dependency 20 log10(f), in most of the areas included in the measurements. In non line of sight conditions, the excess path loss is clearly larger at the higher frequencies than at the lower. A model capturing these effects is presented
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| 32. |
- Russo, Alessio
(författare)
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Efficient Exploration and Robustness in Controlled Dynamical Systems
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, we explore two distinct topics. The first part of the thesis delves into efficient exploration in multi-task bandit models and model-free exploration in large Markov decision processes (MDPs). This section is driven by the recent research community's interest in uncovering optimal methods to navigate complex decision-making problems. In the second part, we examine attack vectors against MDPs and dynamical systems, which is motivated by the research community's recent push to enhance the safety of Machine Learning models against malicious attacks. Additionally, we explore how to quantify uncertainty in an off-policy evaluation problem, reflecting our ongoing efforts to deepen understanding in this domain. In the first part of the thesis, we present an investigation into the sample complexity of identifying the optimal arm in multi-task bandit problems. In this setting, an agent can select a task and efficiently learn through cross-task knowledge transfer. We derive instance-specific lower bounds that any probably approximately correct (PAC) algorithm should satisfy, revealing both theoretically and empirically significant improvements in scaling over previous methods. Subsequently, we investigate model-free exploration in Reinforcement Learning (RL) problems. By leveraging an information-theoretical viewpoint, we focus on the instance-specific lower bound for the number of samples needed to identify a nearly-optimal policy. We develop an approximation of this lower bound involving quantities that can be inferred using model-free approaches. This leads to a new model-free exploration strategy applicable to continuous MDPs. In the second part of the thesis, we begin by investigating two types of attacks on MDPs: those that alter the observations and those that manipulate the control signals of the victim. We present strategies for designing optimal attacks to minimize the collected reward of the victim. Our strategies show how uncertainties induced by the attack can be modeled using a partially observable MDP (POMDP) framework. We also illustrate how to devise attacks that achieve lower detectability, approaching the problem from a statistical detection perspective. Next, we explore the problem of an eavesdropper aiming to detect changes in an MDP. Approaching this problem from a statistical detection perspective, we introduce a novel definition of online privacy based on the average amount of information per observation of the underlying stochastic system. We derive privacy upper bounds and calculate policies that attain higher privacy levels, supplementing our analysis with examples and numerical simulations. Finally, we present a new off-policy estimation method based on Conformal Prediction that outputs an interval containing the target policy's true reward, demonstrating how to handle the distribution shift between target and behavior policies, and maintain the certainty level while reducing the interval length.Next, we shift our focus onto linear dynamical systems. We study poisoning attacks on data-driven control methods, focusing on how slight changes in the dataset induced by an adversary can significantly deteriorate control methods and potentially destabilize the system. We propose a novel algorithm for computing effective attacks, providing a theoretical basis for our strategy. We also study the detectability of poisoning attacks, focusing on the impact of data poisoning on least-squares estimates. We establish conditions under which the set of models compatible with the data includes the true model of the system, and we analyze different poisoning strategies for the attacker. On the basis of the arguments presented herein, we propose a stealthy data poisoning attack on the least-squares estimator that can evade classical statistical tests.
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| 33. |
- Smiljanic, R., et al.
(författare)
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The Gaia-ESO Survey: The analysis of high-resolution UVES spectra of FGK-type stars
- 2014
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The ongoing Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is using FLAMES at the VLT to obtain high-quality medium-resolution Giraffe spectra for about 10(5) stars and high-resolution UVES spectra for about 5000 stars. With UVES, the Survey has already observed 1447 FGK-type stars. Aims. These UVES spectra are analyzed in parallel by several state-of-the-art methodologies. Our aim is to present how these analyses were implemented, to discuss their results, and to describe how a final recommended parameter scale is defined. We also discuss the precision (method-to-method dispersion) and accuracy (biases with respect to the reference values) of the final parameters. These results are part of the Gaia-ESO second internal release and will be part of its first public release of advanced data products. Methods. The final parameter scale is tied to the scale defined by the Gaia benchmark stars, a set of stars with fundamental atmospheric parameters. In addition, a set of open and globular clusters is used to evaluate the physical soundness of the results. Each of the implemented methodologies is judged against the benchmark stars to define weights in three different regions of the parameter space. The final recommended results are the weighted medians of those from the individual methods. Results. The recommended results successfully reproduce the atmospheric parameters of the benchmark stars and the expected T-eff-log g relation of the calibrating clusters. Atmospheric parameters and abundances have been determined for 1301 FGK-type stars observed with UVES. The median of the method-to-method dispersion of the atmospheric parameters is 55K for T-eff, 0.13dex for log g and 0.07 dex for [Fe/H]. Systematic biases are estimated to be between 50-100 K for T-eff, 0.10-0.25 dex for log g and 0.05-0.10 dex for [Fe/H]. Abundances for 24 elements were derived: C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Nd, and Eu. The typical method-to-method dispersion of the abundances varies between 0.10 and 0.20 dex. Conclusions. The Gaia-ESO sample of high-resolution spectra of FGK-type stars will be among the largest of its kind analyzed in a homogeneous way. The extensive list of elemental abundances derived in these stars will enable significant advances in the areas of stellar evolution and Milky Way formation and evolution.
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| 34. |
- Ståhl, Patrik L., et al.
(författare)
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Sun-Induced Nonsynonymous p53 Mutations Are Extensively Accumulated and Tolerated in Normal Appearing Human Skin
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-202X .- 1523-1747. ; 131:2, s. 504-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we demonstrate that intermittently sun-exposed human skin contains an extensive number of phenotypically intact cell compartments bearing missense and nonsense mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Deep sequencing of sun-exposed and shielded microdissected skin from mid-life individuals revealed that persistent p53 mutations had accumulated in 14% of all epidermal cells, with no apparent signs of a growth advantage of the affected cell compartments. Furthermore, 6% of the mutated epidermal cells encoded a truncated protein. The abundance of these events, not taking into account intron mutations and mutations in other genes that also may have functional implications, suggests an extensive tolerance of human cells to severe genetic alterations caused by UV light, with an estimated annual rate of accumulation of similar to 35,000 new persistent protein-altering p53 mutations in sun-exposed skin of a human individual.
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| 35. |
- Sundin, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Mätning av organiska ämnen i sediment
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Av 100 provtagna ytsediment har hittills 80 analyserats. De 20 sjöar som i denna studie tillsvidare har bortprioriterats ligger främst i södra Sverige och i områden där det finns flera närliggande sjöar av samma typ. Grunden för prioriteringen har varit att inte välja bort närliggande sjöar med liknande vattenkemi och morfometri eller sjöar som ingår i i olika intensivprogram inom miljöövervakningen. Detta för att få ett så bra underlag som möjligt för fortsatta studier på området. Ytsedimentproven analyserades med avseende på 19 polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH), med högupplösande GC-MS (se Bilaga 2). Koncentrationerna av S16PAH varierade mellan 0.1 och 39 µg/g på torrviktsbas. Medelvärdet var 4.6 µg/g ts ± 1.3% RSD, medianvärdet var 2.2 µg/g ts. PAH-profilerna domineras av osubstituerade PAH med en förskjutning mot högre molekylvikter, dvs de indikerar en anrikning av högmolekylära pyrolytiskt bildade ämnen. Det relativt kraftiga inslaget av koronen gör det troligt att stoft från bilavgaser utgör en väsentliga källa. Perylen följer ej samma mönster som övriga PAH i denna undersökning, sannolikt beroende på att förekomsten av denna förening i sediment kan förklaras av naturliga källor. En tydlig geografisk trend med lägre halter i norr jämfört med söder, såväl på torrviktsbasis som på glödförlustbasis, kunde påvisas. Samtliga sjöar i undersökningen är att betrakta som bakgrundssjöar, utan kända lokala källor av de undersökta miljöföroreningarna. Vad gäller PAH utgör dock trafiken en diffus källa med regional spridning. Halterna av både sPCB och sDDT var ca 10 gånger högre i ytsediment från sjöar i de mest påverkade länen i södra Sverige än i sedimentprover från de minst påverkade delarna av norra Sverige (se Bilaga 1). Medelhalten av sPCB låg på 9,5 ng/g ts ± 62 % RSD i södra Sverige jämfört med 4,7 ng/g ts ± 121% RSD i norra Sverige. Mängden organiskt material mätt som glödförlust (Gf) verkade inte skilja mellan norra och södra Sverige. Därför utjämnade inte normering mot Gf nämnvärt de geografiska skillnaderna och inte heller de regionala skillnaderna. PCB profilerna varierade mycket ute i landet. Det fanns dock antydan till global fraktionering av de mest lättflyktiga kongenerna (CB-28 och CB-52) som ökade svagt från söder mot norr (som andel av sPCB). Detta gällde även hexaklorbensen (HCB), som har visat sig vara en relativt stabil omvandlingsprodukt av andra klorerade organiska föreningar. DDT-mönstret dominerades av p,p’-DDD och p,p’-DDE i de flesta av sjösedimenten. Endast i 7 av sjöarna kunde p,p’-DDT med säkerhet påvisas. I en av sjöarna dominerade p,p’-DDT vilket antydde en lokal och sentida källa.
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| 36. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue-based map of the human proteome
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 347:6220, s. 1260419-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resolving the molecular details of proteome variation in the different tissues and organs of the human body will greatly increase our knowledge of human biology and disease. Here, we present a map of the human tissue proteome based on an integrated omics approach that involves quantitative transcriptomics at the tissue and organ level, combined with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, to achieve spatial localization of proteins down to the single-cell level. Our tissue-based analysis detected more than 90% of the putative protein-coding genes. We used this approach to explore the human secretome, the membrane proteome, the druggable proteome, the cancer proteome, and the metabolic functions in 32 different tissues and organs. All the data are integrated in an interactive Web-based database that allows exploration of individual proteins, as well as navigation of global expression patterns, in all major tissues and organs in the human body.
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| 37. |
- Älgenäs, Cajsa, et al.
(författare)
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Antibody performance in western blot applications is context- dependent
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 9:3, s. 435-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important concern for the use of antibodies in various applications, such as western blot (WB) or immunohistochemistry (IHC), is specificity. This calls for systematic validations using well-designed conditions. Here, we have analyzed 13000 antibodies using western blot with lysates from human cell lines, tissues, and plasma. Standardized stratification showed that 45% of the antibodies yielded supportive staining, and the rest either no staining (12%) or protein bands of wrong size (43%). A comparative study of WB and IHC showed that the performance of antibodies is application-specific, although a correlation between no WB staining and weak IHC staining could be seen. To investigate the influence of protein abundance on the apparent specificity of the antibody, new WB analyses were performed for 1369 genes that gave unsupportive WBs in the initial screening using cell lysates with overexpressed full-length proteins. Then, more than 82% of the antibodies yielded a specific band corresponding to the full-length protein. Hence, the vast majority of the antibodies (90%) used in this study specifically recognize the target protein when present at sufficiently high levels. This demonstrates the context- and application-dependence of antibody validation and emphasizes that caution is needed when annotating binding reagents as specific or cross-reactive. WB is one of the most commonly used methods for validation of antibodies. Our data implicate that solely using one platform for antibody validation might give misleading information and therefore at least one additional method should be used to verify the achieved data.
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