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- Asplund, Sara, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Extended analysis of the effect of learning with feedback on the detectability of pulmonary nodules in chest tomosynthesis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. - : SPIE. - 1605-7422. ; 7966
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In chest tomosynthesis, low-dose projections collected over a limited angular range are used for reconstruction of section images of the chest, resulting in a reduction of disturbing anatomy at a moderate increase in radiation dose compared to chest radiography. In a previous study, we investigated the effects of learning with feedback on the detection of pulmonary nodules in chest tomosynthesis. Six observers with varying degrees of experience of chest tomosynthesis analyzed tomosynthesis cases for presence of pulmonary nodules. The cases were analyzed before and after learning with feedback. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) was used as reference. The differences in performance between the two readings were calculated using the jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristics (JAFROC-2) as primary measure of detectability. Significant differences between the readings were found only for observers inexperienced in chest tomosynthesis. The purpose of the present study was to extend the statistical analysis of the results of the previous study, including JAFROC-1 analysis and FROC curves in the analysis. The results are consistent with the results of the previous study and, furthermore, JAFROC-1 gave lower p-values than JAFROC-2 for the observers who improved their performance after learning with feedback. © 2011 SPIE.
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| 3. |
- Asplund, Sara, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Learning aspects and potential pitfalls regarding detection of pulmonary nodules in chest tomosynthesis and proposed related quality criteria.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 52:5, s. 503-512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In chest tomosynthesis, low-dose projections collected over a limited angular range are used for reconstruction of an arbitrary number of section images of the chest, resulting in a moderately increased radiation dose compared to chest radiography. Purpose To investigate the effects of learning with feedback on the detection of pulmonary nodules for observers with varying experience of chest tomosynthesis, to identify pitfalls regarding detection of pulmonary nodules, and present suggestions for how to avoid them, and to adapt the European quality criteria for chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) to chest tomosynthesis. Material and Methods Six observers analyzed tomosynthesis cases for presence of nodules in a jackknife alternative free-response receiver-operating characteristics (JAFROC) study. CT was used as reference. The same tomosynthesis cases were analyzed before and after learning with feedback, which included a collective learning session. The difference in performance between the two readings was calculated using the JAFROC figure of merit as principal measure of detectability. Results Significant improvement in performance after learning with feedback was found only for observers inexperienced in tomosynthesis. At the collective learning session, localization of pleural and subpleural nodules or structures was identified as the main difficulty in analyzing tomosynthesis images. Conclusion The results indicate that inexperienced observers can reach a high level of performance regarding nodule detection in tomosynthesis after learning with feedback and that the main problem with chest tomosynthesis is related to the limited depth resolution.
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| 5. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Arranging for better learning opportunities in radiology
- 2015
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Ingår i: Optimisation in X-ray and Molecular Imaging 2015 - the Fourth Malmö Conference on Medical Imaging, Gothenburg, Sweden, 28-30 May 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: The study provides an example on how it is possible to design environments at the workplace that could meet learning demands implied by the introduction of novel imaging technologies in radiology (in this case tomosynthesis). The innovative aspect of this design does not result from the implementation of any specific tool for learning. Instead, advancement is achieved by a novel set-up of existing imaging technologies. Based on a number of pedagogical principles, we developed what we call a Technology enhanced Learning Session (TLS), an interactive format that allows for focused discussions between learners with different levels of expertise. Method: Interactions during a TLS were videotaped and later analysed using interaction analysis. We did not seek to explain factors affecting learning, but rather identify qualities of the arrangement that presented opportunities for professionally meaningful forms of action, i.e. enabling conditions of the TLS for displaying knowledge on how to judge radiological section images produced by the novel technology. Results: Based on the analysis we propose three principles to be considered when designing learning environments for teaching professional modes of reasoning in radiology: First, the ways in which participants with different levels of experience interact and communicate have a large impact on the outcome of the activity. By publicly displaying records of the participants’ individual assessments everyone can become involved and mistakes become dissected rather than hidden. Second, experts working on authentic cases give prominence to case specific details, disambiguation practices, and several dimensions of variation (in representations, anatomy, pathology etc.). Professional modes of reasoning, when being made publically visible, operate as instructions. Third, participants should be given shared access to visual materials: Given different setups, participants will have different possibilities of establishing shared references and partake in reasoning that build on visual details. As we have seen, the observers’ ability to notice, discuss, and investigate particular features of the radiological images became a necessary requirement for the accomplishment of their collaborative work. Conclusions: The study points to what we see as the underexplored possibilities of tailoring basic and specialist training that meets the new demands given by novel imaging technologies in radiology.
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| 7. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The application of improved, structured and interactive group learning methods in diagnostic radiology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 169:1-4, s. 416-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides an example on how it is possible to design environments in a diagnostic radiology department that could meet learning demands implied by the introduction of new imaging technologies. The innovative aspect of the design does not result from the implementation of any specific tool for learning. Instead, advancement is achieved by a novel set-up of existing technologies and an interactive format that allows for focussed discussions between learners with different levels of expertise. Consequently, the study points to what is seen as the underexplored possibilities of tailoring basic and specialist training that meet the new demands given by leading-edge technologies.
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| 8. |
- Lymer, Gustav, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Situated abstraction : From the particular to the general in second-order diagnostic work
- 2014
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Ingår i: Discourse Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-4456 .- 1461-7080. ; 16:2, s. 185-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examines the work of a group of medical scientists as they identify interpretative ‘pitfalls’ – recurrent sources of error – in the use of a new radiographic technique, formulate suggestions on how these pitfalls can be avoided and communicate their findings in the form of a scientific publication. The analysis focuses on a session in which previously diagnosed cases are discussed, and demonstrates the ways in which a certain source of diagnostic error gradually emerges as a taken-for-granted in the interaction. An increased sense of recognition, recurrence and typicality is discernible in the treatment of the cases. Talk characterized by expansions and elaborations, displays of understanding in the form of reformulations, understanding checks, and so on, leave room for brief typifications and reifications of interpretative difficulties in characteristics of the imaging technique. Topical treatment of perception and interpretation, as well as embodied engagement, become decreasingly salient. It is argued that the abstracted formulations in the published text rely on the case-by-case working up of generality from particularity; from individualized accounts of why ‘I’ interpreted the image in a certain way to proffered generalizations achieved through articulated perceptions of a generalized ‘one’. If these proffers are ratified, a potential ground is established for the consensual formulation of a pitfall. The formulation of novel instructions is consequently made relevant, projecting a re-instructed diagnostic practice.
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| 9. |
- Rystedt, Hans, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Rediscovering radiology: New technologies and remedial action at the worksite
- 2011
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Ingår i: Social Studies of Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 0306-3127 .- 1460-3659. ; 41:6, s. 867-891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study contributes to social studies of imaging and visualization practices within scientific and medical settings. The focus is on practices in radiology, which are bound up with visual records known as radiographs. The study addresses work following the introduction of a new imaging technology, tomosynthesis. Since it was a novel technology, there was limited knowledge of howto correctly analyse tomosynthesis images. To address this problem, a collective review session was arranged. The purpose of the present study was to uncover the practical work that took place during that session and to show how, and on what basis, new methods, interpretations and understandings were being generated. The analysis displays how the diagnostic work on patients’ bodies was grounded in two sets of technologically produced renderings. This shows how expertise is not simply a matter of providing correct explanations, but also involves discovery work in which visual renderings are made transparent. Furthermore, the results point to how the disciplinary knowledge is intertwined with timely actions, which in turn, partly rely on established practices of manipulating and comparing images. The embodied and situated reasoning that enabled radiologists to discern objects in the images thus display expertise as inherently practical and domain-specific.
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| 10. |
- Asplund, Sara, 1976
(författare)
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Detection of pulmonary nodules in chest tomosynthesis: Comparison with chest radiography, evaluation of learning effects and investigation of radiation dose level dependency
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chest tomosynthesis is a relatively recently introduced technique in healthcare, which produces section images of the chest at a lower radiation dose than computed tomography (CT) and with better depth resolution than conventional chest radiography. The primary aims of the studies described in this dissertation were to compare chest tomosynthesis with conventional radiography, to evaluate the effects of clinical experience and learning with feedback on the performance of observers analyzing tomosynthesis images, and to investigate the effect of radiation dose level in tomosynthesis, in the detection of pulmonary nodules. Human observer studies were performed, in which radiologists were instructed to localize and rate pulmonary nodules in patient images. Chest CT was used as reference. The observers' performance regarding the detection of nodules was used as measure of detectability. The results of the studies indicate that the detection of pulmonary nodules is better in chest tomosynthesis than in conventional chest radiography, that experienced thoracic radiologists can quickly adapt to the new technique, that inexperienced observers may perform at a similar level to experienced radiologists after a learning session with feedback, and that a substantial reduction in the effective dose to the patient may be possible.
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