| 1. |
- Jiang, Zheshun, et al.
(författare)
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Hexavalent chromium still a concern in Sweden : Evidence from a cross-sectional study within the SafeChrom project
- 2024
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Ingår i: International journal of hygiene and environmental health. - : Elsevier. - 1438-4639 .- 1618-131X. ; 256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesHexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is classified as a human carcinogen. Occupational Cr(VI) exposure can occur during different work processes, but the current exposure to Cr(VI) at Swedish workplaces is unknown.MethodsThis cross-sectional study (SafeChrom) recruited non-smoking men and women from 14 companies with potential Cr(VI) exposure (n = 113) and controls from 6 companies without Cr(VI) exposure (n = 72). Inhalable Cr(VI) was measured by personal air sampling (outside of respiratory protection) in exposed workers. Total Cr was measured in urine (pre- and post-shift, density-adjusted) and red blood cells (RBC) (reflecting Cr(VI)) in exposed workers and controls. The Bayesian tool Expostats was used to assess risk and evaluate occupational exposure limit (OEL) compliance.ResultsThe exposed workers performed processing of metal products, steel production, welding, plating, and various chemical processes. The geometric mean concentration of inhalable Cr(VI) in exposed workers was 0.15 μg/m3 (95% confidence interval: 0.11–0.21). Eight of the 113 exposed workers (7%) exceeded the Swedish OEL of 5 μg/m3, and the Bayesian analysis estimated the share of OEL exceedances up to 19.6% for stainless steel welders. Median post-shift urinary (0.60 μg/L, 5th-95th percentile 0.10–3.20) and RBC concentrations (0.73 μg/L, 0.51–2.33) of Cr were significantly higher in the exposed group compared with the controls (urinary 0.10 μg/L, 0.06–0.56 and RBC 0.53 μg/L, 0.42–0.72). Inhalable Cr(VI) correlated with urinary Cr (rS = 0.64) and RBC-Cr (rS = 0.53). Workers within steel production showed the highest concentrations of inhalable, urinary and RBC Cr. Workers with inferred non-acceptable local exhaustion ventilation showed significantly higher inhalable Cr(VI), urinary and RBC Cr concentrations compared with those with inferred acceptable ventilation. Furthermore, workers with inferred correct use of respiratory protection were exposed to significantly higher concentrations of Cr(VI) in air and had higher levels of Cr in urine and RBC than those assessed with incorrect or no use. Based on the Swedish job-exposure-matrix, approximately 17 900 workers were estimated to be occupationally exposed to Cr(VI) today.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that some workers in Sweden are exposed to high levels of the non-threshold carcinogen Cr(VI). Employers and workers seem aware of Cr(VI) exposure, but more efficient exposure control strategies are required. National strategies aligned with the European strategies are needed in order to eliminate this cause of occupational cancer.
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| 2. |
- Jiang, Zheshun, et al.
(författare)
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P-205 THE SAFECHROM PROJECT - EVIDENCE FROM A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY SHOWS THAT HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM IS STILL A CONCERN IN SWEDEN
- 2024
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Ingår i: Occupational Medicine. - 0962-7480. ; 74:Suppl 1, s. 291-292
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is a human carcinogen, but the current exposure to Cr(VI) at Swedish workplaces is unknown.Recruitment of 113 workers with potential Cr(VI) exposure and 72 controls was combined with measurements of inhalable Cr(VI) (only exposed workers) and total Cr in urine and red blood cells (RBC), Bayesian analysis of occupational exposure limit (OEL) compliance was used, as well as the Swedish job-exposure-matrix.Exposed workers performed processing of metal products, steel production, welding, and plating. The geometric mean concentration of inhalable Cr(VI) in exposed workers was 0.15 μg/m3. Eight workers (7\ exceeded the Swedish OEL (5 μg/m3), and the share of OEL exceedances was estimated to be up to 19.6\ and RBC-Cr were significantly higher in exposed workers compared with controls. Workers with inferred non-acceptable local exhaustion ventilation showed significantly higher inhalable Cr(VI), urine- and RBC-Cr than those with acceptable ventilation. Workers with inferred correct use of respiratory protection had higher inhalable Cr(VI), and, paradoxically, higher urine- and RBC-Cr concentrations than workers with incorrect use. We estimate that ~17 900 Swedish workers are occupationally exposed to Cr(VI) today.Our study showed that although most air measurements were relatively low, 7\ and particularly stainless steel workers are at risk for exceeding the OEL. The existing protective measures implemented at workplaces are still inadequate and insufficient.Some workers in Sweden are exposed to high levels of the non-threshold carcinogen Cr(VI). National strategies aligned with European strategies are needed to eliminate occupational cancer.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 7. |
- Broberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of 92 cardiovascular proteins in dried blood spots collected under field-conditions : Off-the-shelf affinity-based multiplexed assays work well, allowing for simplified sample collection
- 2021
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Ingår i: BioEssays. - : Wiley. - 0265-9247 .- 1521-1878. ; 43:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Workplace-collected blood spots deposited on filter paper were analysed with multiplexed affinity-based protein assays and found to be suitable for proteomics analysis. The protein extension assay (PEA) was used to characterize 92 proteins using 1.2 mm punches in repeated samples collected from 20 workers. Overall, 97.8% of the samples and 91.3% of the analysed proteins passed quality control. Both within and between spot correlations using six replicates from the same individual were above 0.99, suggesting that comparable levels are obtained from multiple punches from the same spot and from consecutive spots. Protein levels from dried blood and wet serum from the same individuals were compared and the majority of the analysed proteins were found to be significantly correlated. These results open up for simplified sample collection of blood in field conditions for proteomic analysis, but also highlight that not all proteins can be robustly measured from dried whole blood.
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| 8. |
- Broberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Metodutveckling för blodprovstagning på filterpapper
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Blodprov för metallanalyser tas vanligtvis via prov av venblod från armvecket. Detta är dock eninvasiv metod och provtagningen måste utföras av medicinskt utbildad personal. Ett sätt att erhållablod med en mindre invasiv metod och som ger betydligt mindre blodvolym är att genom ett stick ifingret droppa kapillärblod på ett filterpapper som får torka. Ytterligare fördelar med dennaprovtagningsmetod är att det blir möjligt med ”självprovtagning” och att för en mindre kostnad kanblod samlas in från fler personer.Vi genomförde ett utvecklingsprojekt för att ta fram en metod för att samla in och mäta metallernakadmium, kvicksilver och bly i torkat blod (blodspottar på filterpapper) erhållet via självprovtagninggenom stick i fingret.Vi tog fram en sur tvättmetod för att tvätta bort metaller (bakgrundshalter) i filterpapper innan dekan användas för provtagning. Vi utvecklade en enkel men effektiv alkalisk urlakningsmetod avmetaller i blodspottarna. Vi tog fram ett självprovtagningskit för blodspottar samt instruktionsvideodesignat för att minimera kontaminering av metaller i omgivningsmiljön. Vi jämfördevenblodsprovtagning med självprovstagning för 17 försökspersoner och fann överensstämmelseframförallt för bly. Vi gjorde en inter-laboratoriejämförelse för mätning av metaller i blodspottar frånfem personer och fann överensstämmelse för kvicksilver och bly.Studien visar att det är möjligt att mäta toxiska metaller i små volymer från blodspottar erhållna viasjälvprovtagning. Emellertid skilde sig halterna i venblod och i blodspottar för vissa personer ochframförallt för kadmium. Det beror troligen på att blodspottarna kan kontamineras vid utstansningmed de stansverktyg som finns att köpa på marknaden. Ytterligare metodutveckling via framtagningav adekvat stansverktyg rekommenderas för att kunna mäta kadmium i blodspottar samt att däreftertesta metoden i HÄMI-projekt.
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| 9. |
- Dierschke, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Acute respiratory effects and biomarkers of inflammation due to welding-derived nanoparticle aggregates
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 90:5, s. 451-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Welders are exposed to airborne particles from the welding environment and often develop symptoms work-related from the airways. A large fraction of the particles from welding are in the nano-size range. In this study we investigate if the welders' airways are affected by exposure to particles derived from gas metal arc welding in mild steel in levels corresponding to a normal welding day. In an exposure chamber, 11 welders with and 10 welders without work-related symptoms from the lower airways and 11 non-welders without symptoms, were exposed to welding fumes (1 mg/m(3)) and to filtered air, respectively, in a double-blind manner. Symptoms from eyes and upper and lower airways and lung function were registered. Blood and nasal lavage (NL) were sampled before, immediately after and the morning after exposure for analysis of markers of oxidative stress. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) for analysis of leukotriene B4 (LT-B4) was sampled before, during and immediately after exposure. No adverse effects of welding exposure were found regarding symptoms and lung function. However, EBC LT-B4 decreased significantly in all participants after welding exposure compared to filtered air. NL IL-6 increased immediately after exposure in the two non-symptomatic groups and blood neutrophils tended to increase in the symptomatic welder group. The morning after, neutrophils and serum IL-8 had decreased in all three groups after welding exposure. Remarkably, the symptomatic welder group had a tenfold higher level of EBC LT-B4 compared to the two groups without symptoms. Despite no clinical adverse effects at welding, changes in inflammatory markers may indicate subclinical effects even at exposure below the present Swedish threshold limit (8 h TWA respirable dust).
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| 10. |
- Gliga, Anda R., et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to Mild Steel Welding and Changes in Serum Proteins With Putative Neurological Function—A Longitudinal Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Welders are exposed to high levels of metal particles, consisting mainly of iron and manganese (Mn) oxide. Metal particles, especially those containing Mn can be neurotoxic. In this exploratory study, we evaluated associations between welding and expression of 87 putative neurology-related proteins in serum in a longitudinal approach. The study cohort from southern Sweden included welders working with mild steel (n = 56) and controls (n = 67), all male and non-smoking, which were sampled at two timepoints (T1, T2) 6-year apart. Observed associations in the longitudinal analysis (linear mixed models) were further evaluated (linear regression models) in another cross-sectional sample which included welders (n = 102) and controls (n = 89) who were sampled only once (T1 or T2). The median respirable dust levels for welders after adjusting for respiratory protection was at T1 0.6 (5–95 percentile: 0.2–4.2) and at T2 0.5 (0.1–1.8) mg/m3. The adjusted median respirable Mn concentration was at T2 0.049 mg/m3 (0.003–0.314) with a Spearman correlation between adjusted respirable dust and respirable Mn of rS = 0.88. We identified five neurology-related proteins that were differentially expressed in welders vs. controls in the longitudinal sample, of which one (nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1; NMNAT1) was also differentially expressed in the cross-sectional sample. NMNAT1, an axon-protective protein linked to Alzheimers disease, was upregulated in welders compared with controls but no associations were discerned with degree of exposure (welders only: years welding, respirable dust, cumulative exposure). However, we identified five additional proteins that were associated with years welding (GCSF, EFNA4, CTSS, CLM6, VWC2; welders only) both in the longitudinal and in the cross-sectional samples. We also observed several neurology-related proteins that were associated with age and BMI. Our study indicates that low-to-moderate exposure to welding fumes is associated with changes in circulating levels of neurology-related proteins.
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| 11. |
- Gliga, Anda R., et al.
(författare)
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Mild steel welding is associated with alterations in circulating levels of cancer-related proteins
- 2019
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Ingår i: Archives of Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5761 .- 1432-0738. ; 93:12, s. 3535-3547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Welding fumes were recently classified as carcinogenic to humans and worldwide millions work as welders or perform welding operations. The purpose of this study was to identify new biomarkers of welding-induced carcinogenesis. We evaluated a panel of 91 putative cancer-related proteins in serum in a cohort of welders working with mild steel (n = 77) and controls (n = 94) from southern Sweden sampled on two occasions 6-year apart using a longitudinal analysis (linear mixed models). The significant results from the longitudinal analysis were tested for reproducibility in welders (n = 88) and controls (n = 69) sampled once during the same sampling period as timepoint 1 or timepoint 2 (linear regression models), i.e., in a cross-sectional setting. The models were adjusted for age, body-mass index, and use of snus. All study participants were non-smokers at recruitment. Exposure to welding fumes was assessed using questionnaires and respirable dust measurement in the breathing zone that was adjusted for personal respiratory protection equipment. The median respirable dust in welders was 0.7 (0.2–4.2) and 0.5 (0.1–1.9) mg/m3 at the first and second timepoints, respectively. We identified 14 cancer-related proteins that were differentially expressed in welders versus controls in the longitudinal analysis, out of which three were also differentially expressed in the cross-sectional analysis (cross-sectional group). Namely, syndecan 1 (SDC1), folate receptor 1 (FOLR1), and secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) were downregulated, in welders compared with controls. In addition, FOLR1 was negatively associated with years welding. Disease and function analysis indicated that the top proteins are related to lung cancer as well as cell invasion and migration. Our study indicates that moderate exposure to welding fumes is associated with changes in circulating levels of putative cancer-related proteins, out of which FOLR1 showed a clear dose–response relationship. It is, however, unclear to which extent these changes are adaptive or potential early biomarkers of cancer.
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| 12. |
- Gren, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Lung function and self-rated symptoms in healthy volunteers after exposure to hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) exhaust with and without particles
- 2022
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Ingår i: Particle and Fibre Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-8977. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Diesel engine exhaust causes adverse health effects. Meanwhile, the impact of renewable diesel exhaust, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), on human health is less known. Nineteen healthy volunteers were exposed to HVO exhaust for 3 h in a chamber with a double-blind, randomized setup. Exposure scenarios comprised of HVO exhaust from two modern non-road vehicles with 1) no aftertreatment system ('HVOPM+NOx' PM1: 93 mu g-m(-3), EC: 54 mu g-m(-3), NO: 3.4 ppm, -NO2: 0.6 ppm), 2) an aftertreatment system containing a diesel oxidation catalyst and a diesel particulate filter ('HVONOx' PM1: similar to 1 mu g-m(-3), NO: 2.0 ppm, -NO2: 0.7 ppm) and 3) filtered air (FA) as control. The exposure concentrations were in line with current EU occupational exposure limits (OELs) of NO, -NO2, formaldehyde, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the future OEL (2023) of elemental carbon (EC). The effect on nasal patency, pulmonary function, and self-rated symptoms were assessed. Calculated predicted lung deposition of HVO exhaust particles was compared to data from an earlier diesel exhaust study. Results: The average total respiratory tract deposition of PM1 during -HVO(PM+ NO)x was 27 mu g-h(-1). The estimated deposition fraction of HVO PM1 was 40-50% higher compared to diesel exhaust PM1 from an older vehicle (earlier study), due to smaller particle sizes of the -HVOPM+ NOx exhaust. Compared to FA, exposure to -HVOPM+ NOx and -HVONOx caused higher incidence of self-reported symptoms (78%, 63%, respectively, vs. 28% for FA, p < 0.03). Especially, exposure to -HVOPM+ NOx showed 40-50% higher eye and throat irritation symptoms. Compared to FA, a decrement in nasal patency was found for the -HVONOx exposures (- 18.1, 95% CI: - 27.3 to - 8.8 L-min(-1), p < 0.001), and for the -HVOPM+ NOx (- 7.4 (- 15.6 to 0.8) L -min(-1), p = 0.08). Overall, no clinically significant change was indicated in the pulmonary function tests (spirometry, peak expiratory flow, forced oscillation technique). Conclusion: Short-term exposure to HVO exhaust concentrations corresponding to EU OELs for one workday did not cause adverse pulmonary function changes in healthy subjects. However, an increase in self-rated mild irritation symptoms, and mild decrease in nasal patency after both HVO exposures, may indicate irritative effects from exposure to HVO exhaust from modern non-road vehicles, with and without aftertreatment systems.
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| 13. |
- Gren, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Underground emissions and miners' personal exposure to diesel and renewable diesel exhaust in a Swedish iron ore mine
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Underground diesel exhaust exposure is an occupational health risk. It is not known how recent intensified emission legislation and use of renewable fuels have reduced or altered occupational exposures. We characterized these effects on multipollutant personal exposure to diesel exhaust and underground ambient air concentrations in an underground iron ore mine.METHODS: Full-shift personal sampling (12 workers) of elemental carbon (EC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and equivalent black carbon (eBC) was performed. The study used and validated eBC as an online proxy for occupational exposure to EC. Ambient air sampling of these pollutants and particle number size distribution and concentration were performed in the vicinity of the workers. Urine samples (27 workers) were collected after 8 h exposure and analyzed for PAH metabolites and effect biomarkers (8-oxodG for DNA oxidative damage, 4-HNE-MA for lipid peroxidation, 3-HPMA for acrolein).RESULTS: The personal exposures (geometric mean; GM) of the participating miners were 7 µg EC m-3 and 153 µg NO2 m-3, which are below the EU occupational exposure limits. However, exposures up to 94 µg EC m-3 and 1200 µg NO2 m-3 were observed. There was a tendency that the operators of vehicles complying with sharpened emission legislation had lower exposure of EC. eBC and NO2 correlated with EC, R = 0.94 and R = 0.66, respectively. No correlation was found between EC and the sum of 16 priority PAHs (GM 1790 ng m-3). Ratios between personal exposures and ambient concentrations were similar and close to 1 for EC and NO2, but significantly higher for PAHs. Semi-volatile PAHs may not be effectively reduced by the aftertreatment systems, and ambient area sampling did not predict the personal airborne PAHs exposure well, neither did the slightly elevated concentration of urinary PAH metabolites correlate with airborne PAH exposure.CONCLUSION: Miners' exposures to EC and NO2 were lower than those in older studies indicating the effect of sharpened emission legislation and new technologies. Using modern vehicles with diesel particulate filter (DPF) may have contributed to the lower ambient underground PM concentration and exposures. The semi-volatile behavior of the PAHs might have led to inefficient removal in the engines aftertreatment systems and delayed removal by the workplace ventilation system due to partitioning to indoor surfaces. The results indicate that secondary emissions can be an important source of gaseous PAH exposure in the mine.
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| 14. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hagerman, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on heart rate variability by artificially generated indoor nano-sized particles in a chamber study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 88, s. 165-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Airborne particles are associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in polluted areas. There is a growing interest in nano-sized particles with diameter < 100 nm and their potential health effects. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive method for cardiovascular risk prediction in high prevalent groups. Aim of study: The aim was to evaluate the impact of nano-sized indoor air particles on HRV for healthy and adult females. Methods: All exposures were performed as controlled chamber experiments with particle exposure from burning candles, terpene + ozone reactions or filtered air in a double-blind cross over design. Twenty-two healthy females were investigated during 10 min periods at different exposures and the reactivity in high frequency (HF) spectral band of HRV were computed. Results: Heart rate was unchanged from baseline values in all groups during all experimental settings. HF power of HRV tended to increase during exposure to particles from burning candle while particles from terpene + ozone reactions tended to decrease HF power. Conclusions: Exposure to nano-sized particles of burning candles or terpene + ozone reactions results in different patterns of heart rate variability, with signs of altered autonomic cardiovascular control. Practical implications: This study indicates that the HRV method may be used for information on physiological responses of exposure to different nano-sized particles and contribute to the understanding of mechanisms behind health effects of particle exposures. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Isaxon, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel System for Source Characterization and Controlled Human Exposure to Nanoparticle Aggregates Generated During Gas–Metal Arc Welding
- 2013
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Ingår i: Aerosol Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1521-7388 .- 0278-6826. ; 47:1, s. 52-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined The aim of this study was to achieve a method to perform detailed characterization and human exposure studies of nanosized and nanostructured aerosol particles. The source chosen was mild steel, active gas, arc welding fume. The setup consisted of a generation chamber, where welding can be performed, connected to an airtight stainless steel 22 m(3) exposure chamber. Instrumentation, consisting of a tapered element oscillating microbalance, a scanning mobility particle sizer, and a sampler for electron microscopy and particle-induced X-ray emission analysis was connected to the stainless steel chamber. The feasibility of the system for human exposure studies was evaluated by exposing 31 human volunteers, in groups of three, to a test aerosol containing 1 mg/m(3) welding fumes and to conditioned, filtered air. The results show that an aerosol that accurately represents dilute welding fume exposures that occur in workplaces can be produced in a controlled manner, and that the experimental setup can be used for 6 h, double-blind, exposures of human subjects. Particle mass concentration levels could be varied from <5 mu g/m(3) to more than 1000 mu g/m(3). Fumes from metal active gas welding showed a unimodal size distribution with a mean mobility diameter of 160 nm, transmission electron microscopy showed aggregates with a clearly nanosized structure.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Isaxon, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Realistic indoor nano-aerosols for a human exposure facility
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Aerosol Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-8502. ; 60, s. 55-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to achieve realistic levels of two different types of aerosols commonly abundant in indoor environments in an experimental chamber intended for human exposure studies and aerosol characterization. The aerosols chosen were particles from candle lights (in particle number dominated by inorganic water soluble particles) and from ozone-terpene reactions (organic particles). The aerosol generation and characterization system consisted of a controlled air tight stainless steel 22 m(3) chamber, to which the generation set-ups were connected. No air could enter or leave the chamber except through a conditioning system by which temperature, relative humidity and air exchange rate could be controlled. Candle smoke aerosol was generated from ten candles burning in a 1.33 m(3) glass and stainless steel chamber. The aerosol was diluted by clean air from the conditioning system before entering the chamber. Terpene vapor was generated by passing pure nitrogen through a glass bottle containing limonene oil. Ozone was generated by a spark discharge using pure O-2, and was added to the ventilation air flow downstream the inlet for terpene vapors and upstream the inlet to the chamber. Both aerosols were characterized with respect to number and mass concentrations, size distribution and chemical composition. Particle number concentration in the size range 10-650 nm could be varied from <10 cm(-3) to more than 900,000 cm(-3) (for candle smoke) or to more than 30,000 cm(-3) (for particles formed in a 160 ppb terpene/40 ppb ozone mixture). Furthermore, the set-ups were evaluated by, for each source, repeating the generation at six three-hour long events. For both aerosols repeatable generations at pre-determined concentration levels, that were stable over time, could be achieved. The results show that realistic concentrations of aerosols from real-world environments could be reproduced in a well-controlled manner and that this set-up could be used both for aerosol characterization and for human exposures. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Julander, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Nickel penetration into stratum corneum in FLG null carriers—A human experimental study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 87:2, s. 154-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The filaggrin gene (FLG) plays a role in skin diseases, with the skin barrier function being impaired in FLG null carriers. The role of FLG status in relation to nickel penetration into the skin remains unclear. Objectives: To elucidate the association between FLG status and nickel penetration into stratum corneum (SC) in individuals without self-reported history of nickel allergy. Methods: Forty participants (23 FLG wt and 17 FLG null) were exposed to a nickel solution (80 μg/cm2) which was applied onto 2 × 2 cm on their left forearm. After 4 h, the area was tape-stripped with 10 consecutive tapes. Nickel in each tape was quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: The average recovered nickel dose was 35%–48%. A tendency towards lower recovery was seen in FLG null carriers compared to FLG wt carriers, and lower recovery in those with history of skin and/or respiratory symptoms compared to those without such history. This was however not statistically significant. Conclusion: FLG null carriers had less nickel recovered by tape strips compared with FLG wt carriers and, compared with individuals without a history of skin and/or respiratory symptoms, indicating higher nickel penetration into SC for FLG null carriers, but further studies are needed.
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| 25. |
- Kippler, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Biomonitorering av kadmium i urin hos svenska och utländska kvinnor
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exponering för låga halter av kadmium (Cd) via kosten kan ge upphov till benskörhet samt hjärtkärlsjukdom. Kvinnor utgör en riskgrupp. På uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket har vi genomfört en studie med syfte att kartlägga Cd-nivåer i urin hos medelålders kvinnor i Sverige. Vi rekryterade svenska medelålders (50–59 år) kvinnor boende i olika delar av Sverige samt utlandsfödda kvinnor (50–59 år), ffa från Östafrika och från Mellanöstern och boende i södra Sverige. Ingen kvinna hade rökt >10 cigaretter/år de senaste 25 åren. Kvinnorna lämnade biologiska prover och besvarade en enkät med frågor om kost, sjukdom och livsstil. Medianhalten av Cd i urin (U-Cd) bland svenska kvinnor (n=192; medelålder 55 år) var 0,24 μg/g kreatinin (spridning 0,05–7,4), vilket är jämförbart med tidigare mätningar i samma åldersgrupp i Sverige. Medianhalten av U-Cd bland utlandsfödda kvinnor (n=43, medelålder 56 år) var 0,41 μg/g kreatinin (0,15–2,7). Tre svenska kvinnor (1,6%) hade U-Cd >1 μg/g kreatinin, där negativa effekter på njure och skelett påvisats i gruppundersökningar. Motsvarande hos utlandsfödda kvinnor var 7%. Vi fann enbart samband mellan kost och U-Cd hos svenska kvinnor: källa till dricksvatten hade störst betydelse följt av köttkonsumtion. Resultaten tyder på att vissa grupper av utlandsfödda kvinnor har högre U-Cd än svenska kvinnor i samma åldersgrupp och därmed en högre risk för Cd-relaterad sjukdom. Denna grupp av kvinnor bör ingå i den hälsorelaterade miljöövervakningen för Cd och följas upp över tid.
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| 26. |
- Krais, Annette M., et al.
(författare)
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Biomarkers after Controlled Inhalation Exposure to Exhaust from Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO)
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) is a renewable diesel fuel used to replace petroleum diesel. The organic compounds in HVO are poorly characterized; therefore, toxicological properties could be different from petroleum diesel exhaust. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure and effective biomarkers in 18 individuals after short-term (3 h) exposure to HVO exhaust and petroleum diesel exhaust fumes. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze urinary biomarkers. A proximity extension assay was used for the measurement of inflammatory proteins in plasma samples. Short-term (3 h) exposure to HVO exhaust (PM1 ~1 µg/m3 and ~90 µg/m3 for vehicles with and without exhaust aftertreatment systems, respectively) did not increase any exposure biomarker, whereas petroleum diesel exhaust (PM1 ~300 µg/m3 ) increased urinary 4-MHA, a biomarker for p-xylene. HVO exhaust from the vehicle without exhaust aftertreatment system increased urinary 4-HNE-MA, a biomarker for lipid peroxidation, from 64 ng/mL urine (before exposure) to 141 ng/mL (24 h after exposure, p < 0.001). There was no differential expression of plasma inflammatory proteins between the HVO exhaust and control exposure group. In conclusion, short-term exposure to low concentrations of HVO exhaust did not increase urinary exposure biomarkers, but caused a slight increase in lipid peroxidation associated with the particle fraction.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Liljedahl, Emelie Rietz, et al.
(författare)
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Filaggrin polymorphisms and the uptake of chemicals through the skin—a human experimental study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 129:1, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The filaggrin protein is important for skin barrier structure and function. Loss-of-function (null) mutations in the filaggrin gene FLG may increase dermal absorption of chemicals. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to clarify if dermal absorption of chemicals differs depending on FLG genotype. METHOD: We performed a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based genetic screen for loss-of-function mutations (FLG null) in 432 volunteers from the general population in southern Sweden and identified 28 FLG null carriers. In a dermal exposure experiment, we exposed 23 FLG null and 31 wild-type (wt) carriers to three organic compounds common in the environment: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene, the pesticide pyrimethanil, and the ultraviolet-light absorber oxybenzone. We then used liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry to measure the concentrations of these chemicals or their metabolites in the subjects’ urine over 48 h following exposure. Furthermore, we used long-range PCR to measure FLG repeat copy number variants (CNV), and we performed population toxicokinetic analysis. RESULTS: Lag times for the uptake and dermal absorption rate of the chemicals differed significantly between FLG null and wt carriers with low (20–22 repeats) and high FLG CNV (23–24 repeats). We found a dose-dependent effect on chemical absorption with increasing lag times by increasing CNV for both pyrimethanil and pyrene, and decreasing area under the urinary excretion rate curve (AUCð0–40hÞ ) with increasing CNV for pyrimethanil. FLG null carriers excreted 18% and 110% more metabolite (estimated by AUCð0–40hÞ ) for pyrimethanil than wt carriers with low and high CNV, respectively. CONCLUSION: We conclude that FLG genotype influences the dermal absorption of some common chemicals. Overall, FLG null carriers were the most susceptible, with the shortest lag time and highest rate constants for skin absorption, and higher fractions of the applied dose excreted. Furthermore, our results indicate that low FLG CNV resulted in increased dermal absorption of chemicals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7310.
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| 29. |
- Littorin, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Uppskattning av befolkningens exponering för kemiska bekämpningsmedel 2004-2008/2009.
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Såväl allmänbefolkning som vissa yrkesarbetande exponeras för kemiska bekämpningsmedel (BM), allmänbefolkning främst genom födan, särskilt färska frukter och grönsaker. Analys av exponeringsbiomarkörer för BM i t ex urin ger ett tillförlitligt mått på hela kroppsbelastningen och utgör ett gott komplement till andra sätt att uppskatta befolkningens exponering. I projekt som initierades av Länsstyrelsen i Skåne och som erhållit Naturvårdsverkets stöd har Arbets- och miljömedicin i Lund med vätskekromatografi-tandem masspektrometri (LC/MS/MS) undersökt halter av BM i dygns- alternativt morgonurin hos befolkning i Skåne. De BM som studerades var 2,4-diklorfenoxiättiksyra (2,4-D), 3,4-dikloranilin (3,4-DKA, metabolit till anilider), 3,5-dikloranilin (3,5-DKA, metabolit till dikarboximider), etylenthiourea (ETU, metabolit till etylenbisdithiokarbamater), 4-klor-2-metylfenoxiättiksyra (MCPA), hydroxi-MCPA (HMCPA, metabolit till MCPA), 2,4,5-triklorfenoxiättiksyra (2,4,5-T), 3-fenoxibensylsyra (3-PBA, metabolit till pyretroider) samt 2,4,6-triklorfenoxiättiksyra (2,4,6-T, metabolit till prokloraz) och O,O dietyl-O-(3,5,6-triklor-2-pyridyl)thiofosfat (=triklorpyridinol=TCP, metabolit till klorpyrifos). Detektionsgränserna (DG) var mellan 0,05 och 0,4 ng/ml. Urinhalter av nämnda ämnen undersöktes i två grupper ur allmänbefolkningen (N=100 och N=116), en grupp vegetarianer (N=40) och en grupp nyinvandrade från olika länder (N=50). Deltagarna besvarade också en kort enkät med frågor om matvanor och livsstil. En mindre yrkesexponerad grupp (N=8) undersöktes också.Hos mellan ca 90 och 100% i de olika befolkningsgrupperna kunde halter av 2,4-D, 3,5-DKA och ETU påvisas, övriga BM i olika andelar i befolkningsgrupperna. De påvisade urinhalterna i samtliga grupper var låga och sträckte sig för 2,4-D upp till 11 ng/ml, för 3,4-DKA till 2,1 ng/ml, för 3,5-DKA till 30 ng/ml, för MCPA och HMCPA till 0,28 och 2,9 ng/ml, för 3-PBA till 4,0 ng/ml och för ETU till 9,4 ng/ml. Hos två personer påvisades2,4,5-T i halter kring detektionsgränsen 0,1 ng/ml. TCP och 2,4,6-T undersöktes endast bland de asiatiska invandrarna. Dessa ämnen fanns hos en majoritet av dem och var som högst 6,4 respektive 1,7 ng/ml.I materialet fanns indikationer på små skillnader i urinhalter relaterade till bl a årstid för provtagning, kön, ålder och livsstilsfaktorer som konsumtion av vindruvor och vin, ev. val av ekologiska livsmedel och val av fritidsintresse (golf).De plantskoleanställda behandlade under en arbetsvecka tallplantor med en pyretroid mot snytbagge och med iprodion mot mögel. De flesta anställdas urinhalter för 3-PBA och 3,5-DKA steg påtagligt mellan måndag morgon och fredag morgon, medan metaboliten 3,4-DKA (som speglar exponering för BM som inte använts) inte förändrades. Noggranna yrkeshygieniska observationer av arbetssätt m. m. behövs för identifiering av exponeringskällor.
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| 33. |
- Lovén, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of cleaning spray use on eyes, airways, and ergonomic load
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCleaning workers are exposed to chemicals and high physical workload, commonly resulting in airway problems and pain. In this study the response in the upper airways and the physical workload following airborne and ergonomic exposure of cleaning spray was investigated.MethodsA survey was answered by professional cleaning workers to investigate their use of cleaning sprays and the perceived effects on eyes, airways and musculoskeletal pain. A human chamber exposure study was then conducted with 11 professional cleaning workers and 8 non-professional cleaning workers to investigate the airborne exposure, acute effects on eyes and airways, and physical load during cleaning with sprays, foam application and microfiber cloths premoistened with water. All cleaning products used were bleach, chlorine, and ammonia free. The medical assessment included eye and airway parameters, inflammatory markers in blood and nasal lavage, as well as technical recordings of the physical workload.ResultsA high frequency of spray use (77%) was found among the 225 professional cleaning workers that answered the survey. Based on the survey, there was an eight times higher risk (p < 0.001) of self-experienced symptoms (including symptoms in the nose, eyes and throat, coughing or difficulty breathing) when they used sprays compared to when they cleaned with other methods. During the chamber study, when switching from spray to foam, the airborne particle and volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations showed a decrease by 7 and 2.5 times, respectively. For the whole group, the peak nasal inspiratory flow decreased (-10.9 L/min, p = 0.01) during spray use compared to using only water-premoistened microfiber cloths. These effects were lower during foam use (-4.7 L/min, p = 0.19). The technical recordings showed a high physical workload regardless of cleaning with spray or with water.ConclusionSwitching from a spraying to a foaming nozzle decreases the exposure of both airborne particles and VOCs, and thereby reduces eye and airway effects, and does not increase the ergonomic load. If the use of cleaning products tested in this study, i.e. bleach, chlorine, and ammonia free, cannot be avoided, foam application is preferable to spray application to improve the occupational environment.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Lundh, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Tidstrender för bly, kadmium och kvicksilver : – en uppdatering 2019
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exponering för låga halter av bly, kadmium och kvicksilver kan ge skador på nervsystemet, benskörhet, ökad risk för frakturer samt hjärtkärlsjukdom. På uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket har vi genomfört en studie med syfte att kartlägga tidstrender för dessa metaller i blod hos barn i Landskrona. Vi har även analyserat antimon i urin.Mellan åren 2013 och 2019 togs det blodprov på cirka 100 unika barn per år. Åren 2017 och 2019 kompletterades provtagningen med ett urinprov för att mäta antimon. Halterna av bly i blod har sjunkit mellan 2013 och 2017 till 7,8 μg/L (geometriskt medelvärde) men inte ytterligare år 2019. Kadmiumhalten i blod var relativt konstant - runt 0,09 μg/L - under 2013-2019. Halterna av kvicksilver i blod sjönk 2015 och 2017 men ökade 2019 till 1,3 μg/L. Halterna av antimon i urin var låga - mestadels under detektionsgränsen 0,05 μg/L - både 2017 och 2019.Jämfört med andra delar av Europa är halten av bly i barnen från Landskrona ungefär lika hög men på en nivå som kan ge effekter på kognitiva funktioner. Halten av kadmium är låg i jämförelse men ändå på en nivå som kan tänkas leda till toxiska effekter på lång sikt. Kvicksilverhalten är jämförelsevis högre men inte på en nivå som kan förväntas ge toxiska effekter. De uppmätta halterna av antimon i urin är låga. Bidraget av antimon från barnens konsumtion av dryck från PET-flaskor är liten.Resultaten tyder på att minskningen av bly-halter i blod har avtagit, kadmium-halterna är oförändrade och att kvicksilver-halterna i blod eventuellt ökar. Fortsatt uppföljning av halterna av metallerna bly, kadmium och kvicksilver hos barn i Landskrona rekommenderas.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Petersson Sjögren, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitive methods for assessment of lung health in welders and controls
- 2023
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : W.B. Saunders Ltd. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Welders are exposed to gas and particle emissions that can cause severe lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is difficult to detect COPD early and therefore mitigating measures may be delayed. The aim of this study was to investigate lung health in welders and evaluate new sensitive methods with potential to assess early onset pulmonary changes in occupational settings. Methods: This study assessed the lung health and symptoms in active welders (n = 28) and controls (n = 17). Lung measurements were performed with standard spirometry and new methods: airspace dimension assessment (AiDA), oscillometry, blood serum biomarkers (club cell secretory protein 16, surfactant protein D, matrix metalloproteinases, fibroblast, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukins), and one urine biomarker (desmosine). Results: According to spirometry measurements, all participants had normal lung function. However, prevalence of cough was significantly higher among welders compared with controls and lung changes were found in welders with the novel methods. Welders had significantly higher respiratory system resistance assessed with oscillometry, serum levels of metalloproteinases 9 and hepatocyte growth factor, compared with controls. Airspace dimensions were on average higher among welders compared with controls, but the difference was not significant. The number of welding years correlated with decreased respiratory system reactance and increased serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases 9, interleukin 6, and hepatocyte growth factor. Airspace dimension assessment indices were correlated with increasing levels of inflammatory markers and matrix metalloproteinases. Conclusions: This study indicated the potential to use new and more sensitive methods for identification of changes in lungs when standard spirometry failed to do so. © 2023 The Authors
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| 39. |
- Taj, Tahir, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of welding fumes on the cardiovascular system: a six-year longitudinal study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 47:1, s. 52-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study investigated whether low-to-moderate exposure to welding fumes is associated with adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Methods To test this, we performed a longitudinal analysis of 78 mild steel welders and 96 controls; these subjects were examined twice, six years apart (ie, timepoints 1 and 2). All subjects (male and non-smoking at recruitment) completed questionnaires describing their health, work history, and lifestyle. We measured their blood pressure, endothelial function (by EndoPAT), and risk markers for cardiovascular disease [low-density lio-protein (LDL), homocysteine, C-reactive protein]. Exposure to welding fumes was assessed from the responses to questionnaires and measurements of respirable dust in their breathing zones adjusted for use of respiratory protection equipment. Linear mixed-effect regression models were used for the longitudinal analysis. Results Median respirable dust concentrations, adjusted for respirable protection, of the welders were 0.7 (5-95 percentile range 0.2-4.2) and 0.5 (0.1-1.9) mg/m 3 at timepoints 1 and 2, respectively. Over the six-year period, welders showed a statistically significant increase in systolic [5.11 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92-8.31] and diastolic (3.12 mm Hg, 95% CI 0.74-5.5) blood pressure compared with controls (multi-variable adjusted mixed effect models). Diastolic blood pressure increased non-significantly by 0.22 mm Hg (95% CI-0.02-0.45) with every additional year of welding work. No consistent significant associations were found between exposure and endothelial function, LDL, homocysteine, or C-reactive protein. Conclusion Exposure to welding fumes at low-to-moderate levels is associated with increased blood pressure, suggesting that reducing the occupational exposure limit (2.5 mg/m(3) for inorganic respirable dust in Sweden) is needed to protect cardiovascular health of workers.
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