| 1. |
- Freelon, B., et al.
(författare)
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Low energy electronic spectroscopy of an infinite-layer cuprate : A resonant inelastic X-ray scattering study of CaCuO2
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physica. C, Superconductivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-4534 .- 1873-2143. ; 470:3, s. 187-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the results of Oxygen K-edge soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy that was performed on an infinite-layer insulating cuprate thin film CaCuO2 Experimentally obtained spectra arc consistent with local density approximation calculations X-ray absorption spectra show a close resemblance to spectra obtained from homologous single crystal cuprates In addition to d-d excitations. X-ray emission spectra reveal the presence of Zhang-Rice singlet states in the infinite-layer CuO2 planes The question of whether the Zhang-Rice singlet features are masked by the O 2p main-band is addressed. it is possible to quantify the position of the Zhang-Rice singlet using emission intensity profiles X-ray emission is demonstrated as a tool for understanding CuO2 planar electronic correlation in the prototypical infinite-layer The energy difference, 2 0 eV, between the oxygen main-band and the Zhang-Rice singlet band is found to match values obtained theoretically using established planar electronic correlation parameters.
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| 2. |
- Augustsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Consumption of freshwater fish : A variable but significant risk factor for PFOS exposure
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 192, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS are the PFAS substances that currently contribute most to human exposure, and in 2020 the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) presented a draft opinion on a tolerable intake of 8 ng/kg/week for the sum of these four substances (equaling 0.42 mu g/kg if expressed as an annual dose). Diet is usually the dominating exposure pathway, and in particular the intake of PFOS has been shown to be strongly related to the consumption of fish and seafood. Those who eat freshwater fish may be especially at risk since freshwater and its biota typically display higher PFOS concentrations than marine systems. In this study, we estimated the range in PFOS intake among average Swedish "normal" and "high" consumers of freshwater fish. By average we mean persons of average weight who eat average-sized portions. The "normal consumers" were assumed to eat freshwater fish 3 times per year, and the "high consumers" once a week. Under these assumptions, the yearly tolerable intake for "normal" and "high" consumers is reached when the PFOS concentrations in fish equals 59 and 3.4 mu g per kg fish meat. For this study, PFOS concentrations in the muscle tissue of edible-sized perch, pike and pikeperch were retrieved from three different Swedish datasets, covering both rural and urban regions and a total of 78 different inland waters. Mean PFOS concentrations in fish from these sites varied from 0.3 to 750 mu g/kg. From the available data, the annual min-max dietary PFOS intake for male "normal consumers" was found to be in the range 0.0021-5.4 mu g/kg/yr for the evaluated scenarios, with median values of 0.02-0.16 mu g/kg/yr. For male "high consumers", the total intake range was estimated to be 0.04-93 mu g/kg/yr, with median values being 0.27-1.6 mu g/kg/yr. For women, the exposure estimates were slightly lower, about 79% of the exposure in men. Despite highly variable PFOS concentrations in fish from different sites, we conclude that the three most commonly consumed freshwater species in Sweden constitute an important source for the total annual intake even for people who eat this kind of fish only a few times per year. The analyses of PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS showed values which were all below detection limit, and their contribution to the total PFAS intake via freshwater fish consumption is negligible in comparison to PFOS.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Mosson, R., et al.
(författare)
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Building implementation capacity (BIC) : A longitudinal mixed methods evaluation of a team intervention
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : BioMed Central Ltd.. - 1472-6963. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Managers and professionals in health and social care are required to implement evidence-based methods. Despite this, they generally lack training in implementation. In clinical settings, implementation is often a team effort, so it calls for team training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Building Implementation Capacity (BIC) intervention that targets teams of professionals, including their managers. Methods: A non-randomized design was used, with two intervention cases (each consisting of two groups). The longitudinal, mixed-methods evaluation included pre-post and workshop-evaluation questionnaires, and interviews following Kirkpatrick's four-level evaluation framework. The intervention was delivered in five workshops, using a systematic implementation method with exercises and practical working materials. To improve transfer of training, the teams' managers were included. Practical experiences were combined with theoretical knowledge, social interactions, reflections, and peer support. Results: Overall, the participants were satisfied with the intervention (first level), and all groups increased their self-rated implementation knowledge (second level). The qualitative results indicated that most participants applied what they had learned by enacting new implementation behaviors (third level). However, they only partially applied the implementation method, as they did not use the planned systematic approach. A few changes in organizational results occurred (fourth level). Conclusions: The intervention had positive effects with regard to the first two levels of the evaluation model; that is, the participants were satisfied with the intervention and improved their knowledge and skills. Some positive changes also occurred on the third level (behaviors) and fourth level (organizational results), but these were not as clear as the results for the first two levels. This highlights the fact that further optimization is needed to improve transfer of training when building teams' implementation capacity. In addition to considering the design of such interventions, the organizational context and the participants' characteristics may also need to be considered to maximize the chances that the learned skills will be successfully transferred to behaviors.
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| 7. |
- Persson, Clas, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy of ZnO nanoparticle and highly oriented ZnO microrod arrays
- 2006
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Ingår i: Microelectronics Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-2692. ; 37:8, s. 686-689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structures of ZnO nanoparticles and microrod arrays are studied by 0 Is X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and O K alpha X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). We show that the present LDA +U-SIC calculation approach is suitable to correct the LDA self-interaction error of the cation d-states. The atomic eigenstates of 3d in zinc and 2p in oxygen are energetically close, which induces strong Zn-3d-O-2p hybridization. This anomalous valence band cation-d-anion-p hybridization is affected when the localization of the Zn 3d-states is taken into account. Experimentally, the XES spectra show energy dependence in the spectral shape revealing selected excitations to the Zn 3d, 4s and 4p states, hybridized with 0 2p states. Strong anisotropic effects are observed for the highly oriented ZnO rods, but not for the isotropic spherical nanoparticles. The nanostructured ZnO has primarily bulk XAS and XES properties.
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| 8. |
- Schmitt, T, et al.
(författare)
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Resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy of doped and undoped vanadium oxides
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 362:1-2, s. 143-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resonant soft X-ray emission (RSXE) spectra of NaV2O5, MoxV1-xO2 and V2O3 have been recorded for a series of excitation energies at resonances of the V L- and O K-absorption band. Resonant excitation allows us, firstly, to separate V 3d and O 2p projected density-of-states of the valence band and, secondly, to study charge-neutral low-energy excitations due to resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). We found that both the V L- and the O K-emission spectra clearly show components originating from O 2p- and V 3d-states, reflecting the high degree of hybridization of the valence band in all compounds. At threshold excitation we observed that NaV2O5 spectra are dominated by RIXS whereas MoxV1-xO2 and V2O3 spectra show bandlike features, which may be due to differences in the correlation effects of the compounds. We compared the RSXE spectra with cluster model calculations, which gives a good account for NaV2O5 whereas the RSXE spectra of the other compounds show RIXS only at certain energies well above the threshold. In fact, we interpret the trend in the RSXE spectra of the MoxV1-xO2 compound system as a successive filling of the (rigid) V 3d band with increasing Mo content. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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A study of the ageing and deactivation phenomena occurring during operation of an iron molybdate catalyst in formaldehyde production
- 2006
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Ingår i: Catalysis Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-5861. ; 112:1-4, s. 40-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Catalyst from a Perstorp Formox formaldehyde plant, operating with high inlet concentration of methanol (10.2 vol.%), was discharged from single tubes of a multi-tube reactor after half the expected lifetime of the catalyst and again after termination of the load. Each tube was filled with two different layers of catalyst. From the inlet of the reactor the first layer was a catalyst mixed with inert rings, which was followed by a second layer of pure catalyst extending from the middle to the outlet of the reactor. Catalyst fractions from the two layers were characterized with various techniques including BET, Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and activity measurements. It was found that the surface area of the catalyst in the mixed layer increases during operation while a small decrease is noticeable for the catalyst below in the pure layer. Elemental analysis, XRD and FT-Raman show that during operation of the catalyst there is migration of Mo species from the upper part of the reactor towards the outlet. Activity measurements reveal severe deactivation of the catalyst in the mixed layer. It is concluded that the deactivation primarily is due to formation of volatile species formed by the MoO3 surface reacting methanol, causing a decrease of the MoO3/Fe-2(MoO4)(3) mole ratio in the catalyst. Concerning the catalyst in the pure layer, the condensation of needle-like crystals of MoO3 mainly occurs on the external surface of the catalyst ring.
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| 11. |
- Augustsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Common and dysplastic naevi as risk factors for cutaneous malignant melanoma in a Swedish population.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Acta dermato-venereologica. - 0001-5555. ; 71:6, s. 518-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common naevi, dysplastic naevi (DN) and other phenotypic features were evaluated as melanoma risk factors in a Swedish case-control study. One-hundred and twenty-one prevalent melanoma cases and 378 randomly selected controls participated. The mean total body naevus count was 115 in the cases and 67 in the controls. Fifty-six per cent of the cases and 18% of the controls had clinical DN. The corresponding figures for histologically diagnosed DN were 40% and 8% respectively. Clinical DN was as good as histologically diagnosed DN in identifying individuals at risk for melanoma. Subjects with sun-sensitive skin, greater than or equal to 150 naevi and presence of DN have 50 times higher melanoma risk than those without these characteristics.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Augustsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Melanocytic naevi in sun-exposed and protected skin in melanoma patients and controls.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Acta dermato-venereologica. - 0001-5555. ; 71:6, s. 512-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possible link between exposure to ultraviolet light and naevus development was studied in 121 melanoma patients and 310 controls by comparing the number of naevi in a sun-exposed area on the back with that in a sun-protected area on the buttocks. Both patients and controls had a four-fold increase in the number of naevi in the exposed compared with the protected area, p less than 0.001. The difference in naevus count between the exposed and the protected area was larger in patients than in controls, p less than 0.001. Subjects with dysplastic naevi, melanoma patients as well as controls, had a larger difference in the number of naevi between the two areas than subjects without dysplastic naevi, p less than 0.001. These results support the idea that sunlight plays an important role in naevus development and may explain why a high naevus count is a risk marker for malignant melanoma.
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| 14. |
- Augustsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of common and dysplastic naevi in a Swedish population.
- 1991
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Ingår i: The British journal of dermatology. - 0007-0963. ; 124:2, s. 152-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The naevus profile was examined in a Swedish population that was randomly selected from a census file. The participation rate was considered high at 82%. The number of common naevi (CN) and the prevalence of dysplastic naevi (DN) were investigated in 379 subjects (aged 30-50 years). The mean total body count of CN greater than or equal to 2 mm was 67 (range 1-300). As many as 22% of the population had 100 naevi or more and only 18% had less than 25. The counts were not influenced by age or sex. DN were diagnosed clinically in 18% (CI 14-22%) of the subjects and histologically in 8% (CI 5-11%). Subjects with dysplastic naevi had a significantly larger number of common naevi and a more sun-sensitive skin type than subjects without DN, P less than 0.001.
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| 15. |
- Augustsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Regional distribution of melanocytic naevi in relation to sun exposure, and site-specific counts predicting total number of naevi.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Acta dermato-venereologica. - 0001-5555. ; 72:2, s. 123-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of exposure to ultraviolet light in the formation of melanocytic naevi was analysed by investigating the regional naevus distribution in 310 subjects (30-50 years) from a Swedish census file. The lateral aspect of the arms and the back had the largest concentration of naevi. The mean naevus count per unit surface area was higher in intermittently exposed than in rarely exposed skin (p less than 0.001), while the lowest mean count was found in chronically exposed skin. These results support the idea that intermittent exposure to ultraviolet light has a "naevogenic" effect while chronic exposure might be protective. Dysplastic naevi had a distribution pattern quite different from common naevi. Considering the distribution pattern solely, dysplastic naevi seem to develop independently of exposure to ultraviolet light. The numbers of naevi in different skin areas were tested for their power in predicting the total body naevus count. The strongest correlations were found between total counts and counts on the anterior surface of the thighs and the lateral aspect of the arms. Counts from any of these areas will provide a practical and satisfactory estimate of the total number of naevi.
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| 16. |
- Augustsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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The electronic structure and lithiation of electrodes based on vanadium-oxide nanotubes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. ; 94:8, s. 5083-5087
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of a novel ligand 2′-[1-(2-pyridinyl)-ethylidene]-oxamohydrazide (Hapsox), from a series of 2-acetylpyridine acylhydrazones, and its complex with Co(III), which is the first in this series of complexes are described. Both the ligand and the complex were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectra, and the structure of the complex [Co(apsox)2]ClO4 was determined by X-ray structural analysis. It was established that [Co(apsox)2]ClO4 has an octahedral geometry with two tridentate apsox ligands in monoanionic form. Structural characteristics, lengths of the bonds, and angles between the bonds were typical for Co(III) complexes of distorted octahedral geometry. Both direct and template synthesis afforded the same geometrical isomer of the complex with two apsox ligands meridionally bound to the central metal ion, even in the case when equimolar quantities of Co(ClO4)2 and Hapsox were applied.
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| 17. |
- Brena, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Conformation dependence of electronic structures of poly(ethylene oxide)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 109:16, s. 7907-7914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of pure poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) for four different polymeric chain conformations has been studied by Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) through the analysis of their valence band photoelectron spectroscopy (VB-PES), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). It is shown that the valence band of PEO presents specific conformation dependence, which can be used as a fingerprint of the polymeric structures. The calculated spectra have been compared with experimental results for PEO powder.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Dong, C. L., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure and surface structure of Cu2S nanorods from polarization dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 151:1, s. 64-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly aligned CuS nanorods have been studied by polarization dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In contrast to bulk Cu2S, strong s, p, and d hybridization is found in the nanorods. The polarization dependence shows a predominant d(z2) character of Cu 3d states. Ab initio multiple-scattering calculations confirm the strong hybridization, and reveal that CuS nanorods are grown along the z-axis of chalcocite structure with Cu-7 and Cu-10 sites being the main building blocks. The hybridized absorption peak in the nanorods is shifted towards lower energies for smaller diameter of nanorods, which is attributed to surface reconstruction due to strong Cu-Cu interactions on the Cu-rich surface of the nanorods.
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| 20. |
- Dong, C. L., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure of nanostructured ZnO from x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy and the local density approximation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 70:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- O 1s absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and O Kalpha emission spectroscopy (XES) were performed to study the electronic structure of nanostructured ZnO. The band gap is determined by the combined absorption-emission spectrum. Resonantly excited XES spectra showing an energy dependence in the spectral shape reveal the selected excitations to the different Zn 3d, 4s, and 4p states in hybridization with O 2p states. The partial density of state obtained from local density approximation (LDA) and LDA+U calculations are compared with the experimental results. The LDA+U approach is suitable to correct LDA self-interaction error of the cation d states. The atomic eigenstates of 3d in zinc and 2p in oxygen are energetically close, which induces the strong interaction between Zn 3d and O 2p states. This anomalous valence band cation-d-anion-p hybridization is verified by taking into account the strong localization of the Zn 3d states.
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| 21. |
- Guo, J.-H., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular structure of alcohol-water mixtures
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 91:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use x-ray emission spectroscopy to elucidate the molecular structure of liquid methanol, water, and methanol-water solutions. We find that molecules in the pure liquid methanol predominantly persist as hydrogen-bonded chains and rings with six and/or eight molecules of equal abundance. For water-methanol solutions we find evidence of incomplete mixing at the microscopic level. Our results provide a new explanation for a smaller entropy increase in the solution due to water molecules bridging methanol chains to form rings.
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| 22. |
- Guo, J. H., et al.
(författare)
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The molecular structure of alcohol-water mixtures determined by soft-X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 137-40:SI, s. 425-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have examined the influence of the intermolecular interaction on the local electronic structure by using X-ray absorption and emission spectra of liquid methanol, water, and their mixtures (in molar ratios of 9:1 and 7:3). We find a strong involvement of hydrogen bonding in the mixing of water and methanol molecules. The local electronic structure of water and methanol clusters, where water cluster is bridging within a 6-member open-ring structured methanol cluster, is separately determined. The experimental findings suggest an incomplete mixing of water-alcohol systems and a strong self- association between methanol chain and water cluster through hydrogen bonding. The enhancement of joint water-methanol open-ring structure owes the explanation to the loss of entropy of the aqueous solutions.
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| 23. |
- Guo, J. H., et al.
(författare)
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X-ray emission spectroscopy of hydrogen bonding and electronic structure of liquid water
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 89:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use x-ray emission spectroscopy to examine the influence of the intermolecular interaction on the local electronic structure of liquid water. By comparing x-ray emission spectra of the water molecule and liquid water, we find a strong involvement of the a(1)-symmetry valence-orbital in the hydrogen bonding. The local electronic structure of water molecules, where one hydrogen bond is broken at the hydrogen site, is separately determined. Our results provide an illustration of the important potential of x-ray emission spectroscopy for elucidating basic features of liquids.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Kashtanov, Stepan, et al.
(författare)
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Local structures of liquid water studied by x-ray emission spectroscopy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 69:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The O Kalpha x-ray emission spectra of water clusters with different sizes and conformations embedded in a continuum medium are simulated. The calculations have successfully explained the experimental spectra of water in both gas and liquid phases. It is shown that the x-ray emission spectra are very sensitive to the local hydrogen bonding structures. Strong electron sharing between different water molecules is observed and its possible connection to the covalency of hydrogen bonding is discussed. The experimentally observed strong excitation energy dependence of the spectra has been interpreted in terms of the polarization and angular dependence for the gas phase, and in terms of variations of local hydrogen bonding structures for the liquid phase.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Lagerros, Y. T., et al.
(författare)
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Validity and reliability of self-reported total energy expenditure using a novel instrument
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Stat, Milan, Italy. Royal Inst Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Commun, Stockholm, Sweden. : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 21:3, s. 227-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved methods for quantitative self-reports of total physical activity in epidemiological studies are needed. We evaluated randomly selected individuals' ability to integrate their perception of physical activity over time to produce an estimate of the usual level, using a novel instrument for self-quantification of energy expenditure. A population-based sample of 418 Swedish men and women, age 20-59, completed a questionnaire containing the new instrument. For validation, three 24 hour recalls by phone served as gold standard. Reproducibility was assessed through administering the instrument another three times. The validation involved 133 subjects and another 160 completed the reproducibility evaluation. Pearson correlation between usual daily energy expenditure measured by the instrument and the mean of the 24 hour recalls was 0.73. After subdividing the self-reported daily energy expenditure and the mean of the 24 hour recalls into quintiles, 83.5% of the participants remained in the same quintile, or one quintile apart. There was a tendency towards overestimation of usual daily physical activity. This was significantly associated with low education. Reproducibility showed an intraclass correlation of 0.55. Although integrated reports of usual daily energy expenditure over longer periods seem to be afflicted with a tendency of overestimation, total energy expenditure can be estimated with reasonable validity and reproducibility using our instrument.
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| 29. |
- Lenshof, A., et al.
(författare)
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Improved acoustophoretic circulating tumor cell (CTC) separation for low target cell numbers in clinical volumes
- 2014
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Ingår i: 18th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2014. - 9780979806476 ; , s. 594-596
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an improved acoustophoretic system for circulating tumor cell separation from blood. The system is operated by pressure driven flow, including flow sensors and a feed-back loop for precise flow control. The pressure driven system provides a user interface that can be handled by a non-skilled operator, and most importantly full clinical samples of 7 mL can be processed in 70 minutes. The improved flow control enables recovery of rare tumor cell populations ≈10 cells/mL spiked in whole blood at a recovery close to 100%.
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| 30. |
- Lindmark, F, et al.
(författare)
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H6D polymorphism in macrophage-inhibitory cytokine-1 gene associated with prostate cancer
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci Oncol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. Umea Univ Hosp, Dept Urol & Androl, S-90185 Umea, Sweden. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genomics, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 96:16, s. 1248-1254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Accumulating epidemiologic and molecular evidence suggest that inflammation is an important component in the etiology of prostate cancer. Macrophage-inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, is thought to play an important role in inflammation by regulating macrophage activity. We examined whether sequence variants in the MIC-1 gene are associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Methods: The study population, a population-based case-control study in Sweden, consisted of 1383 prostate cancer case patients and 780 control subjects. From 94 of the control subjects, we constructed gene-specific haplotypes of MIC-1 and identified four haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): Exon1+25 (V9L), Exon1+142 (S48T), IVS1+1809, and Exon2+2423 (H6D). All study subjects were genotyped for the four SNPs, and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A statistically significant difference (P = .006) in genotype frequency was observed for the nonsynonymous change H6D) (histidine to aspartic acid at position 6) between prostate cancer patients and control subjects. Carriers of the GC genotype, which results in the H6D change, experienced a lower risk of sporadic prostate cancer (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.97) and of familial prostate cancer (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.42 to 0.89) than the CC genotype carriers. In the study population, the proportion of prostate cancer cases attributable to the CC genotype was 7.2% for sporadic cancer and 19.2% for familial cancer. None of the other SNPs or haplotypes was associated with prostate cancer. Conclusion: This study shows an association between a nonsynonymous change (H6D) in the MIC-1 gene and prostate cancer. This finding supports the hypothesis that genetic variation in the inflammatory process contributes to prostate cancer susceptibility.
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| 31. |
- Lindmark, F, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist haplotype associated with prostate cancer risk
- 2005
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci Oncol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Ctr Human Genom, Winston Salem, NC USA. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Urol & Clin Med, Orebro, Sweden. Univ Hosp, Reg Oncol Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 93:4, s. 493-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IL1-RN is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine that modulate the inflammation response by binding to IL1 receptors, and as a consequence inhibits the action of proinflammatory cytokines IL1 alpha and IL1 beta. In this study, we hypothesise that sequence variants in the IL1-RN gene are associated with prostate cancer risk. The study population, a population-based case - control study in Sweden, consisted of 1383 prostate cancer case patients and 779 control subjects. We first selected 18 sequence variants covering the IL1-RN gene and genotyped these single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) in 96 control subjects. Gene-specific haplotypes of IL1-RN were constructed and four haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) were identified (rs878972, rs315934, rs3087263 and rs315951) that could uniquely describe 495% of the haplotypes. All study subjects were genotyped for the four htSNPs. No significant difference in genotype frequencies between cases and controls were observed for any of the four SNPs based on a multiplicative genetic model. Overall there was no significant difference in haplotype frequencies between cases and controls; however, the prevalence of the most common haplotype (ATGC) was significantly higher among cases (38.7%) compared to controls (33.5%) ( haplotype-specific P = 0.009). Evaluation of the prostate cancer risk associated with carrying the 'ATGC' haplotype revealed that homozygous carriers were at significantly increased risk ( odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2 - 2.2), compared to noncarriers, while no significant association was found among subjects heterozygous for the haplotype ( OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.8 - 1.2). Restricting analyses to advanced prostate cancer strengthened the association between the 'ATGC' haplotype and disease risk (OR for homozygous carriers vs noncarriers 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3 - 2.5). In conclusion, the results from this study support the hypothesis that inflammation has a role of in the development of prostate cancer, but further studies are needed to identify the causal variants in this region and to elucidate the biological mechanism for this association.
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| 32. |
- Lindstrom, B., et al.
(författare)
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Combined multimode and singlemode fiber
- 2002
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Ingår i: Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit. ; , s. 628-629
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A future proof combined MM- and SM-fiber is presented, which combines the advantages of both fiber types and makes upgrading and downgrading cheap and simple.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Mucci, L A, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary acrylamide and cancer of the large bowel, kidney, and bladder : Absence of an association in a population-based study in Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 88:1, s. 84-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, disturbingly high levels of acrylamide were unexpectedly detected in widely consumed food items, notably French fries, potato crisps, and bread. Much international public concern arose since acrylamide has been classified as a probable carcinogen, although based chiefly on laboratory evidence; informative human data are largely lacking. We reanalysed a population-based Swedish case-control study encompassing cases with cancer of the large bowel (N = 591), bladder (N = 263) and kidney (N = 133), and 538 healthy controls, assessing dietary acrylamide by linking extensive food frequency data with acrylamide levels in certain food items recorded by the Swedish National Food Administration. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios, adjusting for potential confounders. We found consistently a lack of an excess risk, or any convincing trend, of cancer of the bowel, bladder, or kidney in high consumers of 14 different food items with a high (range 300-1200 mug kg(-1)) or moderate (range 30-299 mug kg(-1)) acrylamide content. Likewise, when we analysed quartiles of known dietary acrylamide intake, no association was found with cancer of the bladder or kidney. Unexpectedly, an inverse trend was found for large bowel cancer (P for trend 0.01) with a 40% reduced risk in the highest compared to lowest quartile. We found reassuring evidence that dietary exposure to acrylamide in amounts typically ingested by Swedish adults in certain foods has no measurable impact on risk of three major types of cancer. It should be noted, however, that relation of risk to the acrylamide content of all foods could not be studied.
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| 35. |
- Muller, P. B., et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound-induced acoustophoretic motion of microparticles in three dimensions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics). - 1539-3755. ; 88:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We derive analytical expressions for the three-dimensional (3D) acoustophoretic motion of spherical microparticles in rectangular microchannels. The motion is generated by the acoustic radiation force and the acoustic streaming-induced drag force. In contrast to the classical theory of Rayleigh streaming in shallow, infinite, parallel-plate channels, our theory does include the effect of the microchannel sidewalls. The resulting predictions agree well with numerics and experimental measurements of the acoustophoretic motion of polystyrene spheres with nominal diameters of 0.537 and 5.33 mu m. The 3D particle motion was recorded using astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry under controlled thermal and acoustic conditions in a long, straight, rectangular microchannel actuated in one of its transverse standing ultrasound-wave resonance modes with one or two half-wavelengths. The acoustic energy density is calibrated in situ based on measurements of the radiation dominated motion of large 5-mu m-diameter particles, allowing for quantitative comparison between theoretical predictions and measurements of the streaming-induced motion of small 0.5-mu m-diameter particles.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Place, V, et al.
(författare)
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Effect and process evaluation of a multicomponent public health intervention to increase the use of primary care-based mental health services amongst children with a migrant background in Stockholm, Sweden: a protocol for a mixed-methods study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:7, s. e052820-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim of the project is to understand how to increase access to, and use of, primary care-based mental health services for children and youth from a migrant background with mild to moderate mental health problems.Methods and analysisThe study will be undertaken in Haninge municipality in Stockholm, Sweden. The study has three intervention components: (1) A health communication intervention targeting parents of children/youth with a migrant background; (2) Training of professionals and volunteers who potentially have contact with parents and children with a migrant background, in order to increase the number of referrals to primary care-based mental health services, and (3) Increasing access to care at a primary care-based mental health service for children, using various strategies to lower barriers to care. The complex multicomponent intervention will be studied with an effect and a process evaluation methodology.Ethics and disseminationAll planned studied are approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority dnr 2017-135-31/5, 2019-06275, 2020-03640, 2020-06341, 2020-03642 and 2020-04180. Informed consent, written or verbal, will be obtained from all participants. The results of the project will be published continually in peer-reviewed scientific journals and disseminated to relevant stakeholders nationally and within Haninge municipality.
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| 40. |
- Schmitt, Thorsten, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure studies of V6O13 by soft X-ray emission spectroscopy : band-like and excitonic vanadium states
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 69:12, s. 125103-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resonant soft x-ray emission (SXE) spectra of the mixed valence vanadium oxide V6O13 have been recorded for a series of excitation energies across the V L-absorption band. Resonant excitation allows one to distinguish between charge neutral low-energy excitations and continuum-excited, more band-like V 3d valence band states in the spectra. We find that the V L-emission spectra of V6O13 consist of two distinct components that can be assigned to nearly pure V 3d states, and to V 3dstates that are strongly hybridized with O 2p states, respectively. Band structure calculations of the density functional theory support the assignment of these features. At threshold excitation the V L-emission spectra of V6O13 show strong signatures from excitonic states, the energy dependence of which shows Raman-like behavior. We compare these spectral features in the resonant SXE spectra with cluster model calculations and assign them to dd excitations and charge-transfer excitations, respectively. Finally, we discuss changes in the V L-absorption and emission spectra that take place when changing the sample temperature from 295 K to 120 K. We relate the changes to redistributions in the V 3d partial density of states, which occur at the transition temperature for the metal-semiconductor-transition TMST=150K and find support in our temperature dependent band structure calculations.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Shin, D. W., et al.
(författare)
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Size dependence of the electronic structure of copper nanoclusters in SiC matrix
- 2006
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Ingår i: Chemical Physics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 422:4-6, s. 543-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the size dependence of the electronic structure of nanocrystalline copper embedded in silicon carbide by means of soft Xray absorption spectroscopy. Changes in the local electronic states of copper nanoclusters, including the shift in binding energy and the reduction of s-p-d hybridization, occurred. The experimental result was compared with the ab initio self-consistent, real-space, multiple-scattering calculation. The calculation was in good agreement with the trend found in our experimental results. We concluded that the reduction of d-d interaction and the concomitant changes in s-p-d hybridization in copper nanoclusters arise due to the surface effect.
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| 44. |
- Stierner, Ulrika, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Regional distribution of common and dysplastic naevi in relation to melanoma site and sun exposure. A case-control study.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Melanoma research. - 0960-8931. ; 1:5-6, s. 367-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The frequency of melanoma (CMM), and of common and dysplastic naevi (CN and DN) in areas of skin chronically, intermittently and rarely exposed to UV light was investigated in 121 melanoma patients (30-50 years) and 310 controls. Both cases and controls had significantly more CN in intermittently exposed areas than in areas chronically or rarely exposed. The ratio of observed to expected number of CMM was also highest in intermittently exposed skin (1.3 compared to 0.8 in chronically exposed and 0.5 in rarely exposed areas). Thus, intermittent UV exposure seems to have the most potent 'naevogenic' as well as carcinogenic effect on melanocytes. Nineteen per cent of controls and 56% of cases had naevi fulfilling the clinical criteria for DN. The distribution pattern of DN was clearly different from that of CN and does not accord with the idea that UV light is a major aetiological factor for DN. The probability of CMM significantly increased with the degree of relative clustering of CN (p less than 0.05) and of DN (p less than 0.01). This co-variation of naevi and CMM over the body surface might be the result of the local insults to the melanocyte system caused by UV light and/or to the fact that naevi are precursor lesions of CMM.
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| 45. |
- Stierner, Ulrika, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa in relation to skin type, UVB-induced erythema, and melanocyte proliferation in human skin.
- 1988
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Ingår i: The Journal of investigative dermatology. - 0022-202X. ; 91:5, s. 506-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5-S-Cysteinyldopa (5-S-CD) is found in all pigment-producing cells and is the major precursor of phaeomelanin. However, the melanocyte specificity of the compound has been questioned. In order to elucidate the origin of 5-S-CD, we have now systematically studied the relationship between the 5-S-CD excretion in urine and the size of the melanocyte organ, UV-induced melanocyte proliferation, skin type, and the erythemal reaction. The skin type had no influence on the basal excretion of 5-S-CD. There was no significant correlation between the basal 5-S-CD excretion and the size of the melanocyte organ; that is, the number of skin melanocytes and nevi. During the irradiation, subjects with skin type II developed a more pronounced erythema (p less than 0.01) and had a significantly higher 5-S-CD excretion than those with skin type III-IV (p less than 0.01). No correlation was found between 5-S-CD excretion and UV-induced melanocyte proliferation. The lack of correlation between the basal 5-S-CD excretion and skin type or number of melanocytes suggests that the basal 5-S-CD in urine is mainly of extra-melanocytic origin. Our findings favor the view that the increase in 5-S-CD excretion during UV irradiation is due to UV damage.
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| 46. |
- Stierner, Ulrika, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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UVB-induced melanocyte proliferation and 5-S-cysteinyldopa excretion in dysplastic nevus syndrome.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Photo-dermatology. - 0108-9684. ; 5:5, s. 218-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first in vivo study of the effects of UV on the epidermal melanocytes in dysplastic nevus syndrome (DNS). Eleven DNS patients and 22 healthy subjects were given total body UVB irradiation 8 times during 17 days and the melanocyte population was estimated in biopsies from shielded and irradiated skin. There was a doubling of the melanocyte counts in irradiated skin and a less pronounced but significant increase in the shielded skin area. The urinary excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa (5-S-CD) was measured before, during and after the irradiation period. The 5-S-CD excretion reached a maximum after 2 weeks of irradiation and returned towards the basal value after the irradiation period. We were not able to document any abnormal melanocytic UV response in DNS patients before, during or after the irradiation.
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| 47. |
- Stierner, Ulrika, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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UVB irradiation induces melanocyte increase in both exposed and shielded human skin.
- 1989
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Ingår i: The Journal of investigative dermatology. - 0022-202X. ; 92:4, s. 561-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study demonstrates for the first time in humans that UV light induces an increase of the melanocyte population in exposed skin as well as in shielded areas. Because an increased mitotic activity could promote tumor development, UV exposure might play a role in melanoma development not only in exposed but also in covered skin. In addition, it was found that subjects who initially had a small melanocyte population showed a larger increase in both exposed and covered skin compared to those with a high initial density. Individuals with a low density might therefore constitute a risk group for the development of malignant melanoma. These findings support the view that infrequent periods of intensive UV irradiation might be more harmful than regular exposure.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Söderström, J., et al.
(författare)
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X-ray yield and selectively excited X-ray emission spectra of atenolol and nadolol
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 144, s. 283-285
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A pre-study in a project aimed at increasing the understanding of drug solubility by applying X-ray spectroscopy to substances in solid phases, in aqueous solution, and in gas-phase is presented. Influence of the molecular surrounding on the local electronic structure is reflected in X-ray yield fine structure, and in site-selectively excited X-ray emission spectra. Results for atenolol and nadolol in solid form are discussed.
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