| 1. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 2. |
- Amini, Hashem, et al.
(författare)
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Second trimester fetal magnetic resonance imaging improves diagnosis of non-central nervous system anomalies
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 90:4, s. 380-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To evaluate the additional information of second trimester magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to ultrasound in fetuses with identified or suspected non-CNS anomalies and to study the clinical impact of the MRI information on pregnancy management. Design. Prospective study during 2003-2007. The fetal MRI examination was planned to be performed within three days after the ultrasound. Setting. Uppsala University hospital. Material and methods. Sixty-three women, where the second trimester ultrasound identified or raised suspicion of fetal anomalies were included. Ultrasound was compared to MRI in relation to the final diagnosis, which was based on the assessment of all available data including post-partum clinical follow-up and autopsy results. Main outcome measures. Evaluation of the additional information gained from MRI and the consequences it had on pregnancy management. Results. The mean interval between ultrasound and MRI was 2.6 days (range 0-15). In 42 (67%) cases MRI was performed within three days. All MRI examinations were assessable. In 43 (68%) fetuses MRI provided no additional information, in 17 (27%) MRI added information without changing the management and in three (5%) MRI provided additional information which changed the management. All these three cases had oligohydramnios. In all six cases of diaphragmatic hernia MRI provided additional information. Conclusions. Fetal MRI of non-CNS anomalies in the second trimester seems to be a valuable adjunct to ultrasound diagnosis of non-CNS anomalies, especially in cases of oligohydramnios and diaphragmatic hernia.
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| 3. |
- Amini, Hashem, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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The Clinical Impact of Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Management of Non-CNS Anomalies in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the additional information of second trimester MRI compared to ultrasound in fetuses with identified or suspected non-CNS anomalies and to study the clinical impact of the MRI information on pregnancy management. Methods: Sixty-three women were included, where the second trimester ultrasound identified or raised suspicion of fetal anomalies. Ultrasound was compared to MRI in relation to the final diagnosis, fetal autopsy if performed or postnatal diagnosis. The additional information of MRI and effect on pregnancy management was estimated in consensus. Results: The mean gestational age at the last ultrasound before MRI was 18+1 weeks (range 13+0-21+5). The mean interval between ultrasound and MRI was 2.6 days (range 0-15). In 42 (67 %) cases MRI was performed within three days. All MRI examinations were assessable. In 43 (68 %) fetuses MRI provided no additional information, in 17 (27 %) MRI added information without changing the management and in three (5 %) MRI provided additional information which changed the management. These three cases had all oligohydramnios. In all six cases of diaphragmatic hernia MRI provided additional information. Conclusions: Fetal MRI of non-CNS anomalies is feasible in the second trimester and gives additional information in nearly a third of cases. It may provide a clinically valuable adjunct to ultrasound especially in cases of diaphragmatic hernia or oligohydramnios.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson, Arvid, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Multispectral ALS Data for Tree Species Classification
- 2018
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multispectral Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is a new technology and its output data have not been fully explored for tree species classification purposes. The objective of this study was to investigate what type of features from multispectral ALS data (wavelengths of 1550 nm, 1064 nm and 532 nm) are best suited for tree species classification. Remote sensing data were gathered over hemi-boreal forest in southern Sweden (58 degrees 2718.35N, 13 degrees 398.03E) on 21 July 2016. The field data consisted of 179 solitary trees from nine genera and ten species. Two new methods for feature extraction were tested and compared to features of height and intensity distributions. The features that were most important for tree species classification were intensity distribution features. Features from the upper part of the upper and outer parts of the crown were better for classification purposes than others. The best classification model was created using distribution features of both intensity and height in multispectral data, with a leave-one-out cross-validated accuracy of 76.5%. As a comparison, only structural features resulted in an highest accuracy of 43.0%. Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris had high user's and producer's accuracies and were not confused with any deciduous species. Tilia cordata was the deciduous species with a large sample that was most frequently confused with many other deciduous species. The results, although based on a small and special data set, suggest that multispectral ALS is a technology with great potential for tree species classification.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Arvid, et al.
(författare)
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Tree species classification using Sentinel-2 imagery and Bayesian inference
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8432 .- 0303-2434. ; 100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased temporal frequency of optical satellite data acquisitions provides a data stream that has the potential to improve land cover mapping, including mapping of tree species. However, for large area operational mapping, partial cloud cover and different image extents can pose challenges. Therefore, methods are needed to assimilate new images in a straightforward way without requiring a total spatial coverage for each new image. This study shows that Bayesian inference applied sequentially has the potential to solve this problem. To test Bayesian inference for tree species classification in the boreo-nemoral zone of southern Sweden, field data from the study area of Remningstorp (58°27′18.35″ N, 13°39′8.03″ E) were used. By updating class likelihood with an increasing number of combined Sentinel-2 images, a higher and more stable cross-validated overall accuracy was achieved. Based on a Mahalanobis distance, 23 images were automatically chosen from the period of 2016 to 2018 (from 142 images total). An overall accuracy of 87% (a Cohen’s kappa of 78.5%) was obtained for four tree species classes: Betula spp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Quercus robur. This application of Bayesian inference in a boreo-nemoral forest suggests that it is a practical way to provide a high and stable classification accuracy. The method could be applied where data are not always complete for all areas. Furthermore, the method requires less reference data than if all images were used for classification simultaneously.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Axelsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Mätning av aromatiska kolväten med DOAS. En studie av tillförlitlighets- och interferensproblem.
- 1990
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- DOAS-tekniken är en optisk fjärranalysmetod för mätning av luftföroreningar. I det projekt som här avrapporterats har tekniken utvärderats m a p mätning av lätta aromatiska kolväten. Projektet har omfattat såväl litteratur, labb och fältstudier av absorptionsegenskaper som interferenseffekter. Resultaten visar att de lätta aromatiska kolväten har ett gemensamt absorptionsband i nära UV (250-280 mm ) som med fördel kan användas i en DOAS-tillämpning. Utnyttjande detta band, kan flera av aromaterna mätas med en detektionsgräns på några µg/m3. Dock föreligger kraftiga interferenseffekter mellan i synnerhet komponenter med likartad kemisk struktur. Detta problem kan i vissa fall hanteras m h a multipel regressions analys. En förutsättning för detta är dock att inga 'okända' interferande ämnen (lös aromater) förekommer i mätsituationen.
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| 10. |
- Axelsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Mätstrategistudie, DOAS-konventionella mätinstrument
- 1989
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I föreliggande rapport har punkt- och linjemätningar av luftföroreningar jämförts dels teoretiskt och dels, då så varit möjligt, genom belysande exempel från praktiska mätningar. Tonvikten i jämförelserna har legat på DOAS, men då ur utvärderingssynpunkt LIDAR-mätningar kan betraktas som en avancerad form av DOAS-mätning, har resultaten, där så varit möjligt, generaliserats att gälla även LIDAR: Av resultaten framgår, att då koncentrationsfältet av den studerade gasen varierar snabbt i tid eller rum i förhållande till vid mätningen använda mätsträckor och integrationstider, så måste försiktighet iakttagas vid tolkningen av fjärranalysdata.
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| 11. |
- Axelsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Vidareutveckling och utvärdering av DOAS-tekniken för urbanluftmätning
- 1989
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- DOAS-tekniken är en optisk fjärranalysmetod för mätning av luftföroreningar. I det projekt som här avrapporteras har tekniken vidareutvecklats och utvärderats i urbanapplikationen. Ett antal olika tekniska konfigurationer har byggts upp och testats, teknikens driftmässiga aspekter har utvärderats, och tekniken har demonstrerats genom mätning av ett antal, för urbanmiljön relevanta, luftföroreningar. Omfattande parallellstudier mot etablerade metoder har framgångsrikt genomförts. Resultaten visar att tekniken fungerar och, rätt använd, kan vara ett värdefullt komplement, och i vissa applikationer ett alternativ, till konventionell teknik för urbanluftmätning. Resultaten visar också att ytterligare förbättringar och förenklingar, i såväl hård- som mjukvara, kan göras, ledande till ett enklare, tillförlitligare och billigare system.
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| 12. |
- Axelsson, Jimmy, et al.
(författare)
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Ejection fraction in left bundle branch block is disproportionately reduced in relation to amount of myocardial scar
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Electrocardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0736 .- 1532-8430. ; 51:6, s. 1071-1076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The relationship between left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and LV myocardial scar can identify potentially reversible causes of LV dysfunction. Left bundle branch block (LBBB) alters the electrical and mechanical activation of the LV. We hypothesized that the relationship between LVEF and scar extent is different in LBBB compared to controls. Methods: We compared the relationship between LVEF and scar burden between patients with LBBB and scar (n = 83), and patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and scar but no electrocardiographic conduction abnormality (controls, n = 90), who had undergone cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging at one of three centers. LVEF (%) was measured in CMR cine images. Scar burden was quantified by CMR late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and expressed as % of LV mass (%LVM). Maximum possible LVEF (LVEFmax) was defined as the function describing the hypotenuse in the LVEF versus myocardial scar extent scatter plot. Dysfunction index was defined as LVEFmax derived from the control cohort minus the measured LVEF. Results: Compared to controls with scar, LBBB with scar had a lower LVEF (median [interquartile range] 27 [19–38] vs 36 [25–50] %, p < 0.001), smaller scar (4 [1–9] vs 11 [6–20] %LVM, p < 0.001), and greater dysfunction index (39 [30–52] vs 21 [12–35] % points, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Among LBBB patients referred for CMR, LVEF is disproportionately reduced in relation to the amount of scar. Dyssynchrony in LBBB may thus impair compensation for loss of contractile myocardium.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Axelsson Linkowski, Weronika, et al.
(författare)
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Myrens betydelse för renen och renskötseln : biologisk mångfald på myrar i renskötselland
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är en kunskapssammanställning om myrarnas betydelse för renskötselns och hur renskötseln i sin tur påverkar myrarnas biologisk mångfald. Studien är uppbyggd av två delar, en genomgång av vetenskaplig litteratur över biologisk mångfald, myrar och kopplingen till renskötseln och en intervjudel där traineer (samiska renskötare) intervjuar andra samiska renskötare om lokal och traditionell kunskap rörande renskötselns beroende av myrar samt hur den påverkar den biologiska mångfalden. Syftet har varit att skapa ett bredare kunskapsunderlag till kopplingen mellan renskötseln och biologisk mångfald och att synliggöra nyttan med myrar. Detta är en uppföljare till rapporten Ájddo – Reflektioner kring biologisk mångfald i renarnas spår (2012) och en del i ett arbete om att lyfta fram renskötseln som en indikator för ett sammanhållet landskap bestående av många olika biotoper och det biologiska tillståndet för dessa biotoper. Traditionell kunskap, dvs. praktisk erfarenhetsbaserad kunskap som förts vidare från generation till generation, bedöms i exempelvis FN:s Konvention om biologisk mångfald vara en viktig förutsättning för att bevara och hållbart nyttjande av biologisk mångfald samt att uppnå ett framtida hållbart samhälle. NAPTEK – Nationellt program för lokal och traditionell kunskap relaterad
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Axelsson, Sara, 1975-
(författare)
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Resin acids in commercial products and the work environment of Swedish wood pellets production : Analytical methodology, occurrence and exposure
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aims of the work this thesis is based upon were to develop convenient analytical procedures for determining resin acids in biological and environmental matrices, and apply them to enhance understanding of the occurrence, exposure to and uptake by exposed individuals of resin acids. Particular focus has been on the workplace environment of the Swedish wood pellets industry. Sample extraction procedures and high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) methodologies were developed for measuring resin acids in dust, skin and urine samples. Chromatographic separation of abietic (AA) and pimaric acid was achieved by using a polar-embedded C12 stationary phase. The HPLC/ESI-MS method avoids undesirable oxidation of AA, which was found to occur during the derivatisation step in the standard MDHS 83/2 gas chromatography/flame ionisation detection (GC/FID) methodology, leading to false observations of both AA and the oxidation product 7-oxodehydroabietic acid (7-OXO). Personal exposures to resin acids in the Swedish wood pellet production industry were found to be lower, on average, than the British Occupational Exposure Limit for rosin (50 µg/m3). The oxidised resin acid 7-OXO, was detected in both dust and skin samples indicating the presence of allergenic resin acids. A correlation between air and post-shift urinary concentrations of dehydroabietic acid (DHAA), and a trend towards an increase in urinary 7-OXO during work shifts, were also observed. Whether the increase in 7-OXO was due to direct uptake or metabolism of other resin acids cannot be concluded from the results. An efficient HPLC/UV methodology with diode-array detection was developed for screening commercial products for rosin that could be used in laboratories lacking mass spectrometers. Very high concentrations of free resin acids were detected in depilatory wax strips using the method.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Edman, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure assessment to alpha- and beta-pinene, delta(3)-carene and wood dust in industrial production of wood pellets
- 2003
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 47:3, s. 219-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of the study was to measure the exposure to monoterpenes (alpha- and beta-pinene and Delta(3)-carene) and wood dust during industrial production of wood pellets and briquettes. Additional aims were to compare the results from wood dust sampled on a filter with real time measurements using a direct reading instrument and to identify peak exposures to dust. Twenty-four men working at six companies involved in industrial production of wood pellets and briquettes participated in the study. Monoterpenes were measured by diffusive sampling and wood dust was measured as total dust. A data logger (DataRAM) was used for continuous monitoring of dust concentration for 18 of the participants. The sampling time was approximately 8 h. The personal exposure to monoterpenes ranged from 0.64 to 28 mg/m(3) and a statistically significant (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.0002) difference in levels of monoterpenes for workers at different companies was seen. In the companies the personal exposure to wood dust varied between 0.16 and 19 mg/m(3) and for 10 participants the levels exceeded the present Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 2 mg/m(3). The levels of wood dust during the morning shift were significantly (Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.04) higher compared with the afternoon shift. Continuous registration of dust concentration showed peak values for several working operations, especially cleaning of truck engines with compressed air. For 24 workers in six companies involved in industrial production of wood pellets the personal exposure to monoterpenes was low and to wood dust high compared with the present Swedish OEL and previous studies in Swedish wood industries. Since the DataRAM can identify critical working tasks with high wood dust exposure a reduction in exposure levels could probably be achieved by changes in working routines and by the use of protective equipment
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| 22. |
- Gerhardsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of sleep deprivation on emotional working memory
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 28:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emotional dysregulation and impaired working memory found after sleep loss can have severe implications for our daily functioning. Considering the intertwined relationship between emotion and cognition in stimuli processing, there could be further implications of sleep deprivation in high‐complex emotional situations. Although studied separately, this interaction between emotion and cognitive processes has been neglected in sleep research. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 1 night of sleep deprivation on emotional working memory. Sixty‐one healthy participants (mean age: 23.4 years) were either sleep deprived for 1 night (n = 30) or had a normal night’s sleep (n = 31). They performed an N‐back task with two levels of working memory load (1‐back and 3‐back) using positive, neutral and negative picture scenes. Sleep deprivation, compared with full night sleep, impaired emotional working memory accuracy, but not reaction times. The sleep‐deprived participants, but not the controls, responded faster to positive than to negative and neutral pictures. The effect of sleep deprivation was similar for both high and low working memory loads. The results showed that although detrimental in terms of accuracy, sleep deprivation did not impair working memory speed. In fact, our findings indicate that positive stimuli may facilitate working memory processing speed after sleep deprivation.
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| 23. |
- Gerhardsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional working memory in older adults after total sleep deprivation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 40:Suppl. 1, s. e110-e110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Even though the occurrence of sleep problems increases with age, few studies have focused on the cognitive effects of acute sleep deprivation in elderly. Most previous research indicate that, compared to young, older adults show less impairment in e.g. attention after sleep deprivation. However, little is known of whether the same pattern holds for higher cognitive functions. In addition, while old age is usually related to a general decrease in working memory abilities, performance on working memory tasks may differ depending on the emotional valence of the stimuli, where positive stimuli seem to be beneficial for working memory performance in older adults. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on emotional working memory in older adults using two levels of working memory load.Materials and methods: A healthy sample of 48 old adults (MAge=66.69 years, SDAge=3.44 years) was randomized into a total sleep deprivation group (TSD; n=24) or a sleep control group (SC; n=24). They performed a working memory task (n-back) containing positive, negative and neutral pictures in a low (1-back) and a high (3-back) working memory load condition. Performance was measured as Accuracy (d'), Omissions and Reaction Time (RT).Results: For the d' and Omissions we performed two separate 2x2x3 (sleep, working memory load, valence) repeated measures analyses of variance (rmANOVA). For the RTs, we applied a mixed-effects model. For both d' and RT we found no effect of sleep deprivation (Ps > .05). For valence, we found main effects on both d' (F1,46 = 5.56, P=.005) and RT (F1,95.7 = 4.84, P=.01). d' did not differ for positive and neutral pictures, but was in both cases significantly better than for negative pictures. RTs were significantly faster for positive pictures. However, a working memory load∗valence interaction (F1,95.7 = 4.50, P=.01) further revealed an effect of valence in the low, but not in the high load condition. In the low load condition, RTs were faster for positive than for neutral pictures and faster for neutral than for negative pictures. There was no significant effect of Omissions.Conclusions: Our results showed that emotional working memory performance was not significantly affected by one night of sleep deprivation in older adults, which contrast what we found in a sample of young adults from the same project. In line with previous research, our results indicate a beneficial effect of positive stimuli on working memory in older adults. This effect was present in both groups and most pronounced for reaction times in the condition with a lower cognitive demand. We can conclude that, among older adults, the working memory performance is not impaired by sleep deprivation and that the benefits of positive stimuli on working memory seem intact. These findings contribute to a better understanding of older adults' cognitive functioning after sleep deprivation.
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| 24. |
- Gerhardsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Positivity Effect and Working Memory Performance Remains Intact in Older Adults After Sleep Deprivation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Older adults perform better in tasks which include positive stimuli, referred to as the positivity effect. However, recent research suggests that the positivity effect could be attenuated when additional challenges such as stress or cognitive demands are introduced. Moreover, it is well established that older adults are relatively resilient to many of the adverse effects of sleep deprivation. Our aim was to investigate if the positivity effect in older adults is affected by one night of total sleep deprivation using an emotional working memory task.Methods: A healthy sample of 48 older adults (60-72 years) was either sleep deprived for one night (n = 24) or had a normal night's sleep (n = 24). They performed an emotional working memory n-back (n = 1 and 3) task containing positive, negative and neutral pictures.Results: Performance in terms of accuracy and reaction times was best for positive stimuli and worst for negative stimuli. This positivity effect was not altered by sleep deprivation. Results also showed that, despite significantly increased sleepiness, there was no effect of sleep deprivation on working memory performance. A working memory load x valence interaction on the reaction times revealed that the beneficial effect of positive stimuli was only present in the 1-back condition.Conclusion: While the positivity effect and general working memory abilities in older adults are intact after one night of sleep deprivation, increased cognitive demand attenuates the positivity effect on working memory speed.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Gerhardsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of sleep loss on emotional working memory
- 2016
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Ingår i: Abstracts. - : Wiley. ; , s. 17-18
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Emotional stimuli differently affect working memory (WM) performance. As sleep deprivation has a known impact on both emotion and WM our aim was to investigate how one night without sleep affects emotional WM performance. Methods: Healthy subjects (n = 56; age 18–30 years) were randomized to a total sleep deprivation (TSD) or a rested control (RC) condition. Subjects rated their affective state and performed a 1 and a 3-back WM task consisting of neutral, positive and negative pictures at 3 pm or 6 pm (balanced) the day after sleep manipulation. Accuracy (d’) and target response time (RT) were used as outcomes. Results: In the TSD condition, subjects rated themselves as less positive (P = 0.006) but not more negative than in the RC condition. In the WM task, TSD had a detrimental effect on accuracy (P = 0.03) regardless of difficulty. Moreover, accuracy was higher in the 1-back than in the 3-back (P < 0.001) and higher for neutral compared to both negative and positive stimuli (Ps < 0.05). RT was faster for positive compared to negative and neutral stimuli (Ps < 0.05). The latter effect was particularly pronounced in the TSD condition as shown by a condition*valence interaction (P < 0.03). Conclusions: One night of total sleep loss impaired emotional WM accuracy. Noticeable, RT was faster for positive stimuli compared to negative and neutral stimuli. This effect was particularly pronounced after sleep loss. This suggests that sleep loss strengthens the opposing effects of positive and negative stimuli on WM performance, possibly due to increased emotion reactivity.
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| 27. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparative Case Study of Architecting Practices in the Embedded Software Industry
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 18th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems. - 9780769543796 ; , s. 226-231
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of this study is to improve the understanding of how architecting is performed within the field of software-intensive systems. Architects at six different internationally well-known companies have been interviewed to understand their way of working. This paper presents the practices that are found most successful. The context of the different companies as well as the architecting practices are compared and analyzed. Many of the architecting practices found in the study can be explained by the context of the different companies. The study shows that architects at all companies mention a general lack of understanding of software-intensive systems within industries that used to be mechanical. The architects' view of their work is very similar independently of where they work. Also the way architecting is performed is very similar, but surprisingly only one company has a defined process for architecting.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Architecting Complex Embedded Systems : An Industrial Case Study
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 IEEE International Systems Conference, SysCon 2011 - Proceedings. - : IEEE. - 9781424494927 ; , s. 472-478
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the current state of architecting practices in three different industrial segments which are characterized by being software-intensive. The context of the six different companies as well as the architecting practices are compared and analyzed. The methods used to solve the tasks within the architecting process are mapped to the context where it has been used in industry. An analysis of the case study indicates how different methods are more suitable in different environments. Many of the successful practices found in the study can be explained by external factors related to the context of the different companies. Others relate to the internal structure of the organization, including its maturity which is measured by assessment through an adaption of the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI).
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Coping with Variability in Automotive Product line Architectures Using Real Options
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The automotive customers demand new functionality with every new product release and the time-to-market isconstantly shortened. The automotive embedded systems are characterized by being mechatronic system which addscomplexity. The systems are often resource constrained and trade-offs between the system behavior and the resources required is of great importance. The decisions are usually based on many factors that pull in different directions such as maintenance, portability, usability etc. The complex system and the many uncertain factors create a need for support in the design process. In this paper the use of Real Options is evaluated on a hypothetic but realistic case taken from the automotive industry. The case show how real option valuation provides additional guidance when making system design decisions. Real Options provide the opportunity to analyze the cost of designing for future growth of an platform, based on the estimated value of the future functionality. The value of a flexible design can thereby be quantified making the trade-off between short and long term solution more accurate.
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| 33. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, 1977-
(författare)
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ECONOMICAL VALUATION OF ARCHITECTURAL DECISIONS WITHIN AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today most innovations made within the automotive domain are driven by electronics. The automotive customers demand new functionality with every new product release and the time-to-market is constantly shortened. Automotive embedded systems are often resource constrained and trade-offs between the system behavior and the resources required is of great importance. The cost sensitive automotive industry has to optimize the use of the system's limited resources, but in the meantime also be flexible. The system needs to support a large number of vehicle configurations over many years of production. The design decisions are usually based on many factors that pull in different directions such as maintenance, portability, usability etc. The growing complexity of the product and the many uncertain factors create a need for support in the design process. To better understand this problem decision methods used within an R&D department of an international vehicle manufacturer has been investigated through interviews and surveys. The survey reveals that a majority of the respondents use unstructured methods for resolving decision issues. When respondents were asked about their preferences there was an expressed need for more structured methods. In this research several existing methods have been surveyed and the methods most relevant to this issue are further described in this thesis. The main contribution of this thesis is an evaluation method using Real Options. The method provides the opportunity to analyze the cost of designing for flexibility to cope with a future growth of the product, based on the estimated value of the future functionality. To improve the usability an evaluation process is defined to aid engineers. This process provides a way of valuing system designs and enables the engineer to think about the future in a systematic manor. To analyze the resource usage within an embedded system a method is proposed on how to evaluate the resource efficiency of functions implemented within an automotive embedded system. The challenge of this work has been to develop methods that are found helpful to the industry and are easy enough to use so that designers are willing to try them again
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| 34. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Flexibility in Embedded Automotive Product Lines Using Real Options
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 12th International Software Product Line Conference, SPLC 2008. - 9780769533032 ; , s. 235-242
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embedded automotive architectures and software need to support a large number of vehicle product lines over many years of production. This leads to a complexity and many uncertain factors when developing such systems and a need for support in the design process. An evaluation method using Real Options provides the opportunity to analyze the cost of designing for flexibility to cope with a future growth of a product line, based on the estimated value of the future functionality. In this paper Real Options is applied on a case within the automotive industry. To improve the usability an evaluation process is defined to aid engineers. This process provides a way of valuing system designs and enables the engineer to think about the future in a systematic manor. The value of a flexible design can thereby be quantified and the proposed process shows how it can be accepted by practitioners.
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| 35. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Design Options in Embedded Automotive Product Lines
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Software Product Line Engineering. - Boca Raton : Auerbach Publications. - 9781420068412 ; , s. 477-496
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter discusses how to deal with scenarios as previous presented by putting a value on flexibility in the system solution. Thereby, it becomes clearer when to focus on short-term solutions and when to keep the long-term evolution of a product line in mind. The approach taken is to evaluate flexibility using a concept called Real Options. The method is motivated and described by using as an example an industrial area where very complex product lines occur, namely automotive embedded systems. To improve the usability of the method, a structured evaluation process is defined to aid practitioners such as developers and architects. The evaluation process provides a way of valuing system designs and enables the practitioner to think about the future in a systematic manner. The value of a flexible design can thereby be quantified, and the proposed process shows how it can be accepted by practitioners within the automotive industry.
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| 36. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of design options in embedded automotive product lines
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Software Product Line Engineering. - : CRC Press. - 9781420068429 - 9781420068412 ; , s. 477-496
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In many industries, complex embedded product lines are designed. In theory, this follows a structured and well-organized process, where a set of given requirements is transformed step by step into an optimal product. However, in reality the complexity of the products and markets often lead to much less stringent ways of working. Let us consider a fictional, but not atypical, scenario.
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| 37. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
Improving the system architecting process through the use of Lean tools
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology. - Phuket, Thailand. - 1890843229 ; , s. 1601-1607
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of embedded systems within the automotive industry has grown very rapidly and is today influencing most part of the product development process. This technological change puts high demands on the development process in order for the company to stay competitive. The architecting process is performed during the early phases of the development process when uncertainty is very high. The architecting process will not create immediate value to the end customer, but rather create the architecture on which value in terms of product features can be developed. The architecture will enable value creation when working properly or, in the worst case, prevent value creation. Lean is a product development philosophy that aims at creating value for the end customer. A Lean tool used to improve the value creation within a process is Value Stream Mapping (VSM). VSM has in this work been adapted and evaluated to analyze and identify improvements of the architecting process within embedded systems development. In this paper we present practical experiences from using this adapted VSM. The evaluation was conducted through interviews at two automotive manufacturers. VSM is shown to be a valuable tool to identify waste and thereby improve the architecting process.
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| 38. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, 1977-
(författare)
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Lean Thinking Applied to System Architecting
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Software intensive systems are an increasing part of new products, which make the business impact significant. This is especially true for the automotive industry where a very large part of new innovations are realized through the use of software. The architecture of the software intensive system will enable value creation when working properly or, in the worst case, prevent value creation. Lean thinking is about focusing on the increase of customer value and on the people who add value. This thesis investigates how system architecting is performed in industry and how it can be improved by the use of Lean thinking. The architecting process does not create immediate value to the end customer, but rather create the architecture on which value in terms of product features and functionality can be developed. A Lean tool used to improve the value creation within a process is Value Stream Mapping (VSM). We present a method based on VSM which is adapted to enable analysis of the architecting process in order to identify improvements. A study of architecting at two companies shows what effect differences such as a strong line organization or a strong project organization has on the architecting process. It also shows what consequence technical choices and business strategy have on the architecting process. In order to improve the understanding of how architecting is performed a study including architects at six different internationally well-known companies have been interviewed. The study presents the practices that are found most successful. The context of the different companies as well as the architecting practices are compared and analyzed. The early design decisions made when developing software-intensive systems are crucial to the outcome of development projects. In order to improve the decision making process a method was developed based on Real Options. The method improves the customer focus of critical design decision by taking the value of flexibility into account. This thesis provides a toolbox of knowledge on how Lean thinking can be applied to system architecting and also presents how architecting is performed in industry today.
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| 39. |
- Gustavsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
Using Real Options In Embedded Automotive System Design
- 2008
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The automotive customers demand new functionality with every new product release and the time-to-market is constantly shortened. The automotive embedded systems are characterized by being mechatronic systems which adds complexity. The systems are often resource constrained and trade-offs between the system behaviour and the resources required is of great importance. The system complexity and the many uncertain factors create a need for support in the design process. Many design features such as memory and processor capacity can be seen as options, i.e. giving you the right but not the obligation to use them in the future. The valuation method using Real Options provides the opportunity to analyze the cost of designing for future growth of a platform, based on the estimated value of the future functionality.In this paper the use of Real Options is applied on a real case within the automotive industry. The studied company develops commercial vehicles for a broad range of applications. In this case study a valuation is performed on two different design alternatives of function allocation. The design alternatives vary in hardware, software, cabling etc. The case study has been per-formed together with the developing organization and it has therefore been possible to observe the acceptance of the method. The study shows how Real Option valuation provides valuable guidance when making system design decisions and more importantly also show how it can be used and accepted by system engineers. The method does not only provide a way of valuing sys-tem designs, but it also forces the system engineer to think about the future in a systematic manor. The value of a flexible design can thereby be quantified making the trade-off between short and long term solutions more accurate.
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| 40. |
- Haeger-Eugensson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Spridning av föroreningar till luft från bränder
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta projekt är en del av en större studie med övergripande syftet att ta fram en metod för beräkning av emissioner från bränder samt användande av dessa till spridningsberäkningar både till luft och vatten. Resultat från luftemissionsdelen har använts som indata till de beräkningar genomförda i detta delprojekt vars syfte varit att testa hur dispersion och haltnivåer kan skilja sig beroende på val av modell, definiera styrande brand- och meteorologiska parametrarna, för deposition och halt i luft och att utveckla och testa en metod för generaliserade spridningsberäknigar för bränder genom statistiskt bearbetade resultat från ett års beräkningar för olika meteorologiska klasser. Det har hittills varit svårt att spridningsberäkna bränder med avancerade spridningsmodeller eftersom nödvändiga indata inte funnits. Fokus har istället legat på att återge brandförloppet bra medan meteorologi, och därmed dispersionen, varit förenklad. Vi har inte funnit utred-ningar som visar om enklare modeller eller generaliseringar av befintliga brandmodeller utgör ett tillräckligt bra underlag för snabb bedömning av miljö- och hälsoeffekter från bränder. Beräkningarna i detta projekt är genomförda med TAPM-modellen under olika årstider som medel- och maximala dygnsvärden samt av dygnsdeposition av PM10 för respektive plymriktning. Medelvärdena används för bedömning av miljöpåverkan och maximala dygnshalter för mer akuta hälsoeffekter för att utforma och förebyggande åtgärder, både akut och långsiktigt (t.ex. stadsplanering). Förhållandet mellan max- och medelhalter varierar beroende på säsong och spridningsförutsättningar, med maxhalten ca 50 ggr högre och med stor variation. Haltnivåerna i centrum- respektive kransplymerna är båda ca 200 µg/m3 även om emissionen är ca 5 ggr högre i cen-trumplymen jämfört med de sammanlagda emissionerna från kransplymerna. Skälet är att den högre centrumplymen sprids mer effektivt till följd av den dubbelt så höga vindhastigheten på hög nivå. Validering av beräknade haltnivåer och plymlyft har visat att med brandindata från en brandmodell har spridningen av PM10 återgets väl med TAPM -modellen. Beräkningarna är även tänkta att vara bas för utveckling av en modell anpassad för användande under fältmässiga förhållanden för att snabbt få fram beslutsunderlag för åtgärder vid olyckor (som evakuering) och därmed förebygga och minimera skador på t.ex. miljön och människors hälsa.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Hamada, Haneen, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of dermal uptake of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate using tape stripping and biological monitoring
- 2018
-
Ingår i: EJD. European journal of dermatology. - : John Libbey Publishing. - 1167-1122 .- 1952-4013. ; 28:2, s. 143-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Very little is known about the dermal uptake of isocyanates, and dermal exposure to isocyanates has been discussed as a factor involved in the induction of respiratory diseases. To investigate the dermal uptake of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI). Four volunteers were dermally exposed to 10, 25, 49 and 50 mg 4,4'-MDI, respectively, for eight hours. The exposed areas were tape stripped. Urine and blood were biologically monitored for 48 hours. Tape strips, plasma, and urine were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 35-70% of the applied dose of 4,4'-MDI was absorbed by the skin. Very low fractions of applied dose were found in the tape strips. The 4,4'-MDA concentration in plasma and urine was low, but peaked in urine at 10-14 hours and plasma at 8-32 hours after exposure. 4,4'-MDI is readily absorbed by human skin. Only small fractions of 4,4'-MDI remain as such in the superficial skin layers. The amounts found in blood and urine were only small fractions of the total applied doses which indicates that very small amounts of 4,4'-MDI penetrate the skin and reach the blood stream. The dermal uptake and distribution of 4,4'-MDI is much slower compared to that associated with airway uptake. Our data strongly indicate that formation of 4,4'-MDA from 4,4'-MDI upon reacting with water in the skin can only occur to a very limited extent.
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| 43. |
- Hamada, Haneen, et al.
(författare)
-
Dermal uptake study with 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate led to active sensitization
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 66:2, s. 101-105
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. To investigate the dermal uptake of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI), a study was performed in which 2 female volunteers were exposed to 10 and 25 mg, respectively, of 4,4'-MDI by applying 2.0% 4,4'-MDI in petrolatum over areas where the surface concentration corresponded to 800 µg/cm(2) . Ten days later, they developed eczematous dermatitis at the area of application. Objectives. To investigate whether the dermal application caused active sensitization to 4,4'-MDI. Methods. Chemical analysis of the 4,4'-MDI preparation used in the application and the amount of 4,4'-MDI not absorbed by the skin was performed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The volunteers were tested with serial dilutions of 4,4'-MDI and the potentially cross-reacting substances 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4'-MDA), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (DMDI). Results. Patch test results suggested that the volunteers were actively sensitized to 4,4'-MDI following the dermal uptake study, as they reacted positively to 4,4'-MDA, a marker for 4,4'-MDI allergy. No positive reactions were seen to PPD or DMDI. Chemical investigation confirmed that the correct concentration had been used for the dermal uptake study, and showed that about 70% of the applied 4,4'-MDI was not absorbed. Conclusions. A dermal uptake study with 4,4'-MDI in 2.0% pet. with an occlusion time of 8 hr induced active sensitization to 4,4'-MDI and subsequently to 4,4'-MDA.
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| 44. |
- Holding, Benjamin C., et al.
(författare)
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Multimodal Emotion Recognition Is Resilient to Insufficient Sleep : Results From Cross-Sectional and Experimental Studies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 40:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Insufficient sleep has been associated with impaired recognition of facial emotions. However, previous studies have found inconsistent results, potentially stemming from the type of static picture task used. We therefore examined whether insufficient sleep was associated with decreased emotion recognition ability in two separate studies using a dynamic multimodal task.Methods: Study 1 used a cross-sectional design consisting of 291 participants with questionnaire measures assessing sleep duration and self-reported sleep quality for the previous night. Study 2 used an experimental design involving 181 participants where individuals were quasi-randomized into either a sleep-deprivation (N = 90) or a sleep-control (N = 91) condition. All participants from both studies were tested on the same forced-choice multimodal test of emotion recognition to assess the accuracy of emotion categorization.Results: Sleep duration, self-reported sleep quality (study 1), and sleep deprivation (study 2) did not predict overall emotion recognition accuracy or speed. Similarly, the responses to each of the twelve emotions tested showed no evidence of impaired recognition ability, apart from one positive association suggesting that greater self-reported sleep quality could predict more accurate recognition of disgust (study 1).Conclusions: The studies presented here involve considerably larger samples than previous studies and the results support the null hypotheses. Therefore, we suggest that the ability to accurately categorize the emotions of others is not associated with short-term sleep duration or sleep quality and is resilient to acute periods of insufficient sleep.
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| 45. |
- Holding, J. B. C., et al.
(författare)
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Total sleep deprivation does not impact emotion categorisation in dynamic stimuli
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 25(S1), s. 152-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have highlighted a deficit in facial emotion recognition after sleep loss. However, while some studies suggest an overall deficit in ability, others have only found effects in individual emotions, or no effect at all. The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship in a large sample and to utilise a dynamic test of emotion recognition in multiple modalities. 145 individuals (91 female, ages 18–45) participated in a sleep-deprivation experiment. Participants were randomised into: one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) or normal sleep (8–9 h in bed). The following day participants completed a computerised emotional recognition test, consisting of 72 visual, audio, and audio-visual clips, representing 12 different emotions. The stimuli were divided into “easy” and “hard” depending on the intensity of emotional display. A mixed ANOVA revealed significant main effects of modality and difficulty, P < 0.001, but no main effect of condition, P = 0.31, on emotional recognition accuracy. Additionally, there was no interaction between condition and difficulty, P = 0.96, or modality, P = 0.67. This study indicates that sleep deprivation does not reduce the ability to recognise emotions. Given that some studies have only found effects on single emotions, it is possible that the effects of sleep loss are more specific than investigated here. However, it is also possible that previous findings relate to the types of static stimuli used. The ability to recognise emotions is key to social perception; this study suggests that this ability is resilient to one night of sleep deprivation.
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| 46. |
- Håkansson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of owners in industrial networks - the case of a steel producer
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IMP Journal. - : Emerald. - 0809-7259. ; 10:2, s. 276-295
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - In this paper, the authors will argue that owners as one type among many other types of actors is essential to bring into the picture when analyzing developments in industrial and other kinds of business networks. The direct relationship between owners and the business unit, the firm, is one type of relationship. But owners, as well as the firm as such, also possess several indirect relationships that could be highly relevant in many business network situations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate both direct and indirect relationships when analyzing the role of owners. Design/methodology/approach - The empirical base is coming from an earlier Swedish investigation of the development of a steel company in the course of 75 years. In this study the authors mapped ownership and the role owners had in financial and other terms. The authors also made a detailed investigation of the development of the company in terms of important customers and suppliers, i.e. its business network. In total it means that the empirical data give us a quite multidimensional picture of the role and importance of ownership over a substantial time period. Findings - The owners were for this company not at all important as financers. The monetary flow went, during the whole period, from the company to the owners. The owners, however, played a far more important role in an indirect way, affecting the way the company designed single business relationships as well as the combined network of those relationships. The owners were more important as network designers than as financial contributors. The analysis focusses on two topics: the ways in which owners contributed to the development of the firm during several phases of its development and similarities and differences between the various types of ownership (an entrepreneur - owner, a customer firm, a bank, a family industrial sphere). Originality/value - The results indicate that the existence and importance of indirect relationships is of vital importance when analyzing the importance of owners in business networks. These indirect relationships are usually not analyzed in contemporary research about ownership. This an interesting and important topic and the authors hope that this study will be followed by many more. The addressed topic is especially relevant for the policy implications.
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| 47. |
- Håkansson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
What is so special with outsourcing in the public sector?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. - : Emerald. - 2052-1189 .- 0885-8624. ; 35:12, s. 2011-2021
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThis paper centers round outsourcing. The purpose of this paper is to direct attention to outsourcing in the public sector and focus on what could be special when considering outsourcing in such contexts. The authors try to portray the business activities in private and in public sector settings and identify some similarities and - more importantly - some significant differences.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use two analytical tools, a classification system of various interfaces between a selling and buying firm and a two-fold scheme for strategic analyses of outsourcing or not as well as in what ways to outsource. These tools have been developed in studies of private sector outsourcing but are applicable, as tools, also in public sector contexts. Two empirical cases from public sector outsourcing are used to illustrate options and obstacles for outsourcing ventures in the public sector.FindingsThe analytical discussion aims at pointing out when and how outsourcing should be a straightforward choice in the public sector. The authors also point at situations when it is a much more complicated process and thus restricted.Originality/valueThis study gives strong support for the need to identify which theoretical model has been used by the involved organizations in their evaluation of the situation.
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| 48. |
- Jacobsson, Josefin A., et al.
(författare)
-
Detailed Analysis of Variants in FTO in Association with Body Composition in a Cohort of 70-Year-Olds Suggests a Weakened Effect among Elderly
- 2011
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:5, s. e20158-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The rs9939609 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the fat mass and obesity (FTO) gene has previously been associated with higher BMI levels in children and young adults. In contrast, this association was not found in elderly men. BMI is a measure of overweight in relation to the individuals' height, but offers no insight into the regional body fat composition or distribution. Objective: To examine whether the FTO gene is associated with overweight and body composition-related phenotypes rather than BMI, we measured waist circumference, total fat mass, trunk fat mass, leg fat mass, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and daily energy intake in 985 humans (493 women) at the age of 70 years. In total, 733 SNPs located in the FTO gene were genotyped in order to examine whether rs9939609 alone or the other SNPs, or their combinations, are linked to obesity-related measures in elderly humans. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. Results: Neither a single SNP, such as rs9939609, nor a SNP combination was significantly linked to overweight, body composition-related measures, or daily energy intake in elderly humans. Of note, these observations hold both among men and women. Conclusions: Due to the diversity of measurements included in the study, our findings strengthen the view that the effect of FTO on body composition appears to be less profound in later life compared to younger ages and that this is seemingly independent of gender.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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