| 1. |
- Rylander, David, et al.
(författare)
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Lean Speed Optimization Applied to a Cyclic Haul Operation
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclic haul operations are iterative transport operations, often performed by several haulers in a production work step. Cyclic haul operations are common in mining and quarry operations where the purpose of the haul work step is to move mass a relatively short distance e.g., from blasted rock supplies to the mass crushing and separation facility. The operation can include one or several haulers that perform the work simultaneously. When several haulers are used, they are generally not synchronized in an optimized way and operative variations and changes continuously affects the operation. An example of such variations can be that the driving speed and time required for certain maneuvers varies depending on driver skills and machine capacity. An operative change can be that the loading position is moved, leading to changed routes and varying distances. The operative characteristics of the haul work step indicates that there rarely exists a static state that the operators can learn to do efficiently. Our previous research has shown that haul operations can have a fuel reduction potential of up to 40%, depending on the operation characteristics and wastes such as unnecessary stops and waiting. This paper presents and assesses a system solution in a decentralized control system that calculates and advices operators with a speed for just in time arrival to a destination. The purpose of the system is to reduce fuel consumption with an obtained production rate. The system assessment shows that while production rate is obtained, fuel is reduced by up to 20% compared to base line operation in a simple quarry haul work step, including three haulers.
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| 2. |
- Ahmed, Mobyen Uddin, Dr, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Dilemmas in designing e-learning experiences for professionals
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the European Conference on e-Learning, ECEL. ; , s. 10-17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this research are to enhance industry-university collaboration and to design learning experiences connecting the research front to practitioners. We present an empirical study with a qualitative approach involving teachers who gathered data from newly developed advanced level courses in artificial intelligence, energy, environmental, and systems engineering. The study is part of FutureE, an academic development project over 3 years involving 12 courses. The project, as well as this study, is part of a cross-disciplinary collaboration effort. Empirical data comes from course evaluations, course analysis, teacher workshops, and semi-structured interviews with selected students, who are also professionals. This paper will discuss course design and course implementation by presenting dilemmas and paradoxes. Flexibility is key for the completion of studies while working. Academia needs to develop new ways to offer flexible education for students from a professional context, but still fulfil high quality standards and regulations as an academic institution. Student-to-student interactions are often suggested as necessary for qualified learning, and students support this idea but will often not commit to it during courses. Other dilemmas are micro-sized learning versus vast knowledge, flexibility versus deadlines as motivating factors, and feedback hunger versus hesitation to share work. Furthermore, we present the challenges of providing equivalent online experience to practical in-person labs. On a structural level, dilemmas appear in the communication between university management and teachers. These dilemmas are often the result of a culture designed for traditional campus education. We suggest a user-oriented approach to solve these dilemmas, which involves changes in teacher roles, culture, and processes. The findings will be relevant for teachers designing and running courses aiming to attract professionals. They will also be relevant for university management, building a strategy for lifelong e-learning based on co-creation with industry.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Akbarshahi, Hamid, et al.
(författare)
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TLR4 dependent heparan sulphate-induced pancreatic inflammatory response is IRF3-mediated
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5876. ; 9:219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Degraded extracellular matrix can stimulate the innate immune system via the Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4). In the pancreas, syndecan-anchored heparan sulphate (HS) on the ductal epithelium can be cleaved off its protein cores by the proteases (trypsin and elastase) and potentially activate TLR4 signalling. Methods: To investigate this signalling event, a low sulphated HS (500 mu g/ml) was infused into the biliary-pancreatic duct of C57BL/6J wild-type mice. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Mice were sacrificed after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 48 hours and tissues were analysed for neutrophil and cytokine contents. In order to study the TLR4 signalling pathway of HS in the pancreas, genetically engineered mice lacking TLR4, Myeloid Differentiation primary response gene (88) (MyD88) or Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3) were subjected to pancreatic infusion of HS. Results: Neutrophil sequestration and corresponding myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the pancreas were increased 9 hours following HS challenge. In wild-type mice, the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) increased at 3 hours after infusion, while RANTES increased after 9 hours. TLR4, MyD88, and IRF3 knockout mice showed an abrogated neutrophil recruitment and myeloperoxidase activity in the HS group, while the LPS response was only abolished in TLR4 and MyD88 knockouts. Conclusions: The results of this study show that HS is capable of initiating a TLR4-dependent innate immune response in the pancreas which is distinctly different from that induced by LPS. This inflammatory response was mediated predominantly through IRF3-dependent pathway. Release of HS into the pancreatic duct may be one important mediator in the pancreatic ductal defence.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue factor in predicted severe acute pancreatitis.
- 2010
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Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327. ; 16:48, s. 6128-6134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study tissue factor (TF) in acute pancreatitis and evaluate the role of TF as a predictive marker of severity.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment with anti-factor VIIa in acute pancreatitis in rats: Blocking both coagulation and inflammation?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 42:6, s. 765-770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Acute pancreatitis starts as an autodigestive process restricted to the pancreas and progresses to a systemic inflammation via cytokine release into the blood stream. Several inhibitors of the coagulation cascade, including active- siteinactivated factor VIIa, have shown anti- inflammatory properties in other inflammatory models than acute pancreatitis. Free radical scavengers have proven useful in reducing the oxidative damage during hyperinflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pretreatment with FVIIai would have any effect on the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS) in severe acute pancreatitis. Material and methods. Experimental acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion of taurodeoxycholate in the pancreatic duct. The animals were pretreated with N- acetyl- cysteine and active- site- inactivated factor VIIa. Neutrophil infiltration in the lungs, ileum and colon was quantified by myeloperoxidase activity. Inflammatory markers, IL- 6 and MIP- 2, were measured using ELISA. Results. Tissue infiltration of neutrophils in the lungs, ileum and colon significantly increased during acute pancreatitis as compared to sham operation. These levels were reduced by pretreatment with N- acetylcysteine and active- site- inactivated factor VIIa. Levels of interleukin- 6 and macrophage inflammatory protein- 2 increased significantly during acute pancreatitis. Pretreatment with NAC and FVIIai reduced these levels. Conclusions. Both N- acetylcysteine and active- site- inactivated factor VIIa showed powerful antiinflammatory properties in experimental acute pancreatitis. As they exert their effects through different physiological mechanisms, they represent potential candidates for future multimodal treatment of acute pancreatitis.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Acute pancreatitis - from cellular signalling to complicated clinical course.
- 2007
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Ingår i: HPB. - : Elsevier BV. - 1477-2574 .- 1365-182X. ; 9:6, s. 414-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease that has a mild to moderate course in most cases. During the last decade, a change in diagnostic facilities as well as improved intensive care have influenced both morbidity and mortality in AP. Still, however, a number of controversies and unresolved questions remain regarding AP. These include prognostic factors and how these may be used to improve outcome, diagnostic possibilities, their indications and optimal timing, and the systemic inflammatory reaction (systemic inflammatory response syndrome - SIRS) and its effect on the concomitant course of the disease and potential development of organ failure. The role of the gut has been suggested to be important in severe AP, but has recently been somewhat questioned. Despite extensive research, pharmacological and medical intervention of proven clinical value is scarce. Various aspects on surgical interventions, including endoscopic sphincterotomy, cholecystectomy and necrosectomy, as regards indications and timing, will be reviewed. Last, but not least, are the management of late complications and long-term outcome for patients with especially severe AP.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Gut barrier failure in critical illness: lessons learned from acute pancreatitis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Organ Dysfuntion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-1060 .- 1747-1079. ; 2:2, s. 93-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut barrier function is essential in critical illness and contributes to the systemic inflammatory response. Failure of the gut barrier includes both changes in microbial ecology, permeability and potential translocation, as well as local gut inflammatory response. The present review summarizes experiences made from acute pancreatitis, including pathophysiological mechanisms and ways of intervention.
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| 12. |
- Asplund, Fredrik, 1977-
(författare)
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Tool Integration and Safety : A Foundation for Analysing the Impact of Tool Integrationon Non-functional Properties
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The increasing complexity of embedded systems development is becoming difficult to handle with development environments based on disjoint engineering tools. Support for interactions between various engineering tools, especially through automated means, has therefore received an increased amount of attention during the last few years. The subsequent increase in the amount of tool integration is leading to an increased impact of tool integration on non-functional properties of development efforts, development environments and end products. At the same time there is a lack of methods and tools for analysing the relationship between these properties and tool integration. To establish a foundation for analysing this generic relationship, the specific relationship between tool integration and the safety of end products is analysed in this thesis.A survey was conducted to analyze the State of the Art of tool integration as related to safety. This survey specifically identified the lack of an efficient handling of tool integration by modern safety standards as an important concern. In relation to this survey, three theories were identified as of specific importance. These are the school of thought known as Systems Thinking, the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) causality model and the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) hazard analysis technique.Building on these theories, this thesis provides original contributions intended to (1) describe concepts and models related to tool integration and safety (the first and second contribution), (2) link tool integration to safety in a way that reduces complexity during analysis (the third contribution) and (3) propose how to interpret and make use of the implications of the presented theories and the first three contributions (the fourth and fifth contribution).• The first contribution is a new conceptual model of a development effort that emphasizes tool integration.• The second contribution is a new reference model for tool integration in highly heterogeneous environments.• The third contribution consists of nine safety-related tool chain properties, i.e. properties of tool chains that could mitigate at least part of the risks introduced by tool integration.• The fourth contribution is a proposition on how to identify safety implications due to a high level of automation of tool integration.• The fifth contribution is a proposition for a new software tool qualification process.
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| 13. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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A refined terminology on system-of-systems substructure and constituent system states
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 14th Annual Conference System of Systems Engineering, SoSE 2019. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728104577 ; , s. 31-36
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the field of systems-of-systems (SoS) engineering, there is broad agreement on a few characterizations, and these are currently being standardized. However, many aspects in the field still lack an established terminology. In particular, there are unclarities related to the internal structure of an SoS, and on the internal states of constituent systems. In this paper, a refined terminology is therefore proposed, which covers the internal substructure of an SoS; the states of constituent systems in relation to those substructures; and how it relates to hierarchical levels. This terminology can also be used to classify the characteristics of an SoS through different metrics. The terminology is illustrated through three examples of SoS applications in various domains. © 2019 IEEE.
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| 14. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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A systematic mapping of the research literature on system-of-systems engineering
- 2015. - 6
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Ingår i: 2015 10th System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSE). - 9781479976119 ; , s. 18-23
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research area systems-of-systems engineering has increased rapidly over the last decade and now contains a substantial body of literature. To get an overview of the field, a systematic mapping of the literature has been done, covering over 3000 papers. It revealed a field massively dominated by US researchers, with an emphasis on military and space systems. A large number of people are involved, but few researchers focus on the area, and citations are fairly low compared to other fields. Important research topics include architecture, modeling and simulation, integration and interoperability, communication, sustainability, and safety and security. There are signs of immaturity within the research area, and it is recommended that existing venues are complemented with an international scientific event with very high standards for submissions.
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| 15. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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A Transformation-Based Model of Evolutionary Architecting for Embedded System Product Lines
- 2010
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Ingår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings. - Oslo. ; , s. 113-117
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many industries, embedded software plays an increasingly important role in defining the characteristics of the products. Often, a product line approach is used, and the system architecture is developed through evolution rather than being redone from scratch for each product. In this paper, we present a model of such an evolutionary process based on architecture transformations. The model attempts to give an accurate description of how real architects actually work. Key elements of the approach are how the transformations interact with consistency constraints and with feasibility in terms of resource limitations. The work is based on findings from previous case studies in the automotive industry. The model can be used to enhance our understanding of the architecting process, and to find ways to improve it.
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| 16. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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An analysis of systems-of-systems opportunities and challenges related to mobility in smart cities
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 13th System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSE 2018. - 9781538648766 ; , s. 132-137
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization is one of the major current trends in society. Cities around the world are looking into 'smart' solutions based on information and communication technology to deal with the challenges that result from this development. Mobility is one of the most important areas to address, and system-of-systems solutions where vehicles and infrastructure are connected have a potential to improve urban transportation in many aspects. In this paper, current initiatives related to mobility in smart cities around the world are surveyed, and this is complemented with input from focus groups of transportation stakeholders to identify the important aspects of the problem. Based on this, challenges related to the application of systems-ofsystems in urban mobility are identified.
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| 17. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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An initial analysis of operational emergent properties in a platooning system-of-systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781538636640
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As systems-of-systems start to be more common in commercial applications, an analysis of emergent properties related to utility and cost for all stakeholders becomes critical. This paper describes an approach for this based on network simulation and game theory, which is applied to truck highway platooning. The emergent properties of energy efficiency and transport efficiency are studied as a consequence of the strategies for platoon formation, and it is shown that having information about the route planning of other vehicles has a significant positive effect on the properties. This indicates the need for a mediator in the platooning system-of-systems architecture. Its role is to communicate plans of the constituent systems.
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| 18. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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Analysis and Synthesis of Heterogeneous Real-Time Systems
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the development of a real-time system the main goal is to find an implementation that satisfies the specified timing constraints. Often, it is most cost-effective to use a heterogeneous solution based on a mixture of different microprocessors and application-specific integrated circuits. There is however a lack of techniques to handle the development of heterogeneously implemented systems, and this thesis therefore presents a novel approach inspired by research in the area of hardware/software codesign. The behaviour of the entire system is specified in a high-level, homogeneous description, independently of how different parts will later be implemented, and a thorough design space exploration is performed at the system level using automatic or semi-automatic synthesis tools which operate on virtual prototypes of the implementation.The objective of the synthesis is to find the least costly implementation which meets all timing constraints, and in order to predict these characteristics of the final system, different analysis methods are needed. The thesis presents an intrinsic analysis which estimates the hardware resource usage of individual tasks, and an extrinsic analysis for determining the effects of resource sharing between several concurrent tasks. The latter is similar to the fixed-priority schedulability analysis used for single-processor systems, but extended to heterogeneous architectures. Since these analysis procedures are applied early in the design process, there are always some discrepancies between the estimated data and the actual characteristics of the final system, and constructive ways of dealing with these inaccuracies are therefore also presented.Several synthesis algorithms are proposed for different aspects of the design. The hardware architecture is assembled from a component library using heuristic search techniques, and three alternative algorithms are evaluated in the thesis. The optimal partitioning of the functionality on an architecture is found using a branch-and-bound algorithm. Finally, a fixed-priority scheduler is instantiated by assigning priorities to the concurrent tasks of the behaviour. Together, the proposed analysis and synthesis methods provide a solid basis for systematic engineering of heterogeneous real-time systems.
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| 19. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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Applying Design for Six Sigma to the Concept Development of an Automotive HMI
- 2008
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Ingår i: SAE World Congress, paper No. 2008-01-0353, Detroit, Michigan. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six Sigma is a development methodology whichemphasizes objective evaluations based on facts andmeasurements. However, for some problems theinformation is inherently subjective, with large individualvariations. Also, in the early development phases, it maybe difficult to define measurable metrics that correctlycapture the important qualities. The vehicle HMI is agood example of such an application. In this paper, wepresent experiences of applying Design for Six Sigmamethods to the early development phases of anautomotive HMI. The focus of the paper is on how tohandle uncertainties and vague subjective information.
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| 20. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Architecting systems-of-systems and their constituents : A case study applying Industry 4.0 in the construction domain
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Systems Engineering. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc.. - 1098-1241 .- 1520-6858. ; 22:6, s. 455-470
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of system-of-systems (SoS) requires a continuous interplay between design decisions on the SoS level and those on the level of its constituent systems (CS), which often preexist and need to be adapted as the SoS evolves. This involves not only preparing the CS to participate in a particular SoS, but also designing the CS architecture to make it easily adaptable to a future SoS context. The problem is in part addressed in an emerging SoS framework in the manufacturing domain called Industry 4.0. It focuses on connected and digitalized production with the ambition of increasing flexibility and efficiency. This paper investigates how Industry 4.0 standards can be used in an SoS context to make CS more flexible and adaptive, and evaluates their usefulness outside manufacturing. The study is based on a case from the construction domain, for which a generic SoS architecture is developed. Several extensions and adaptations of Industry 4.0 are suggested, including specifications of ontologies for missions and workflows. © 2019 The Authors.
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| 21. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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Architectural Allocation Alternatives and Associated Concerns in Cyber-Physical Systems : A Case Study
- 2015. - 9
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSAW '15). - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450333931
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyber-physical systems is an extension of traditional embedded systems, where communication to the outside world is given more emphasis. This leads to a new design space also for software development, allowing new allocation strategies for functionality. In traditional embedded systems, all functionality was inside the product, but now it becomes possible to partition the software between the embedded systems and IT systems outside the product. This paper investigates, through a case study from the automotive domain, possible new allocation alternatives where computation is offloaded from the embedded system to a server, and what additional architectural concerns this leads to, including performance, resource utilization, robustness, and lifecycle aspects. In addition, the paper addresses new opportunities created by allocating functionality outside the embedded systems, and thus making data available for extended services, as well as the larger concerns that result on the organizational level, including new competency in architecture and DevOps.
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| 22. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Architectural Concepts for Federated Embedded Systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450327787
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Federated embedded systems (FES) is an approach for systems-of-systems engineering in the domain of cyber-physical systems. It is based on the idea to allow dynamic addition of plug-in software in the embedded system of a product, and through communication between the plug-ins in different products, it becomes possible to build services on the level of a federation of products. In this paper, architectural concerns for FES are elicited, and are used as rationale for a number of decisions in the architecture of products that are enabled for FES, as well as in the application architecture of a federation. A concrete implementation of a FES from the automotive domain is also described, as a validation of the architectural concepts presented.
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| 23. |
- Axelsson, Jakob B, et al.
(författare)
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Initiation of acute pancreatitis by heparan sulphate in the rat.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 43:4, s. 480-489
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The initiating events in the onset of pancreatitis are poorly understood. Possible candidates may be endogenous ligands, acting on receptors within ductal, acinar or stellate cells, which have previously been shown to cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute pancreatitis could be induced by heparan sulphate (HS)infused into the pancreatic ducts in the rat. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrograde biliary-pancreatic infusion of heparan sulphate of different structures, taurodeoxycholate (TDC) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was performed. Local pancreatic inflammation was evaluated after 6 h by means of morphological evaluation, neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and levels of plasma amylase. Systemic inflammation was evaluated by measuring plasma IL-6, MCP-1 and CINC-1 concentrations. RESULTS: Heparan sulphate induced a local inflammatory response visualized as a rapid infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the pancreas. Heparan sulphate induced inflammation and oedema without causing damage to acinar cells, as measured by morphological changes and plasma amylase concentrations. Furthermore, an increase in serum concentrations of CINC-1 and IL-6 was seen. The positive control (TDC) had increased levels of all variables analysed and the negative control (heparan sulphate administered intraperitoneally) was without effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a receptor-mediated innate immune response of the pancreatic cells induced by heparan sulphate. This finding may be helpful in elucidating some of the mechanisms involved during the initiation of pancreatitis, as well as in the search for a potential future therapeutic application.
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| 24. |
- Axelsson, Jakob B
(författare)
-
INITIATION OF EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE PANCREATITIS AND MODULATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Heparan sulfate (HS), a substance common in the extracellular matrix on epithelial cells is present in the pancreas, lining the duct lumen. During pathological conditions, we propose that it can be shed from the ECM and bind to receptors on the cell surface, thus triggering an inflammatory response, which if excessive can cause acute pancreatitis (AP). Infusion of HS in the pancreatic duct in rats results in an inflammatory response without cellular damage, in similarity with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion. The response differs though between the HS- and LPS-infusion both in regards to expressed chemokines and infiltrating cell types. HS-infusion predominantly causes early expression of CCL2 [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)] and subsequent early influx of monocytes. Increased expression of CXCL [cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1)] was not seen and neutrophils were shown to appear in the tissue later during the process. LPS, on the other hand, caused a rapid increase of CXCL (CINC-1) and also in early influx of neutrophils, in addition to similar patterns as HS-infusion of CCL2 (MCP-1) and monocytes. Taken together, the results indicate a receptor mediated innate immune response. Both HS and LPS has been shown to signal via the same receptor. We therefore suggest a difference in signaling pathways induced by the two ligands. Furthermore, the AP-induced systemic inflammation was studied. The anti-coagulant active site-inhibited factor VII (fVIIai) was shown to drastically decrease the inflammatory response. The effects in reducing neutrophil infiltration differed substantially between different organs. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation was also shown to be affected by fVIIai. Pronounced differences between treatment effects was noted both depending on the studied organ and time point chosen. In conclusion a novel concept of the initiation of pancreatitis has been studied. The ducal epithelial cells are capable of signaling as a response to HS and LPS and to recruit inflammatory cells. This shows the importance of ductal cells and as a basis of new future pancreatitis specific interventions.
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| 25. |
- Axelsson, Jakob B, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal bacteria and permeability during experimental acute pancreatitis in rats
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of Gastroenterology. - 1108-7471. ; 19:3, s. 276-284
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An increase in intestinal permeability and subsequent bacterial translocation has been demonstrated in critical illness. Cellulose derivatives have in the past been shown to reduce gut leakage following liver resection. Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in microbial counts in experimental acute pancreatitis and the effect of pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives and N-acetyl cysteine. Subjects: 92 male Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal taurodeoxycholic acid infusion. Animals received oral pretreatment and were randomized to either sham operation or the pancreatitis groups, with or without pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives, the antioxidant or their combinations. Intestinal bacterial populations and permeability were evaluated using bacterial counts and Ussing chamber, respectively. Results: The number of E. coli increased in the luminal content and ileal and colonic mucosa, but levels were restored to almost those seen in controls in all pre-treatment groups except for N-acetyl cysteine. When intestinal permeability was measured, none of the treatment groups showed significant differences compared to challenge, except for Nacetyl cysteine, which significantly increased permeability. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives was more efficient against disturbances in intestinal permeability and microbial populations than the antioxidant Nacetyl cysteine.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Axelsson, Jakob B, et al.
(författare)
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Proposed protective mechanism of the pancreas in the rat
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Inflammation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-9255. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Heparan sulphate is known to have various functions in the animal body, including surveillance of tissue integrity. Administered intraperitoneally, it induces a systemic inflammatory response syndrome and when given locally in the pancreas it initiates a protective inflammatory response. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms behind cell recruitment following intra-ductal infusion of heparan sulphate. Methods: Rats were subjected to intraductal-infusion of heparan sulphate, lipopolysaccharide and phosphate buffered saline into the pancreas. Pancreatic tissue was harvested 1, 3, 6, 9 or 48 hours after infusion and stained immunohistochemically for myeloperoxidase, ED-1, CINC-1 and MCP-1, as well as using eosin hematoxylin staining. Furthermore, MPO activity and MCP-1 and CINC-1 concentrations of tissue homogenates were measured. All differences were analyzed statistically using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: During HS infusion, a rapid influx of macrophages/monocytes, as visualized as ED-1 positive cells, was seen reaching a maximum at 6 hours. After 48 hours, the same levels of ED-1 positive cells were noted in the pancreatic tissue, but with different location and morphology. Increased neutrophil numbers of heparan sulphate treated animals compared to control could be detected only 9 hours after infusion. The number of neutrophils was lower than the number of ED-1 positive cells. On the contrary, LPS infusion caused increased neutrophil numbers to a larger extent than heparan sulphate. Furthermore, this accumulation of neutrophils preceded the infiltration of ED-1 positive cells. Chemokine expression correlates very well to the cell infiltrate. MCP-1 was evident in the ductal cells of both groups early on. MCP-1 preceded monocyte infiltration in both groups, while the CINC-1 increase was only noticeable in the LPS group. Conclusions: Our data suggest that heparan and LPS both induce host defense reactions, though by using different mechanisms of cell-recruitment. This implies that the etiology of pancreatic inflammation may influence how the subsequent events will develop.
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| 28. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
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Business models and roles for mediating services in a truck platooning system-of-systems
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 14th Annual Conference System of Systems Engineering, SoSE 2019. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728104577 ; , s. 113-118
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platooning of trucks on motorways has been proposed as a method of reducing fuel consumption. It requires communication between the trucks to control the distance between them. However, this system-of-systems (SoS) cannot only contain the trucks, but also needs to include mediating off-board services for match-making to find suitable constellations of trucks, and for creating platooning incentives by distributing the profit made equally among the constituent systems. This paper analyzes what actors in the SoS would be suitable to operate these services, and also business models that cover the cost for their implementation and operation. It concludes that the truck OEMs have a vital role in creating the mediating services, and that a suitable business model would be based on usage fees for the services rather than upfront payment for platooning equipment.
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| 29. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Characteristics of software ecosystems for Federated Embedded Systems : A case study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 56:11, s. 1457-1475
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context Traditionally, Embedded Systems (ES) are tightly linked to physical products, and closed both for communication to the surrounding world and to additions or modifications by third parties. New technical solutions are however emerging that allow addition of plug-in software, as well as external communication for both software installation and data exchange. These mechanisms in combination will allow for the construction of Federated Embedded Systems (FES). Expected benefits include the possibility of third-party actors developing add-on functionality; a shorter time to market for new functions; and the ability to upgrade existing products in the field. This will however require not only new technical solutions, but also a transformation of the software ecosystems for ES. Objective This paper aims at providing an initial characterization of the mechanisms that need to be present to make a FES ecosystem successful. This includes identification of the actors, the possible business models, the effects on product development processes, methods and tools, as well as on the product architecture. Method The research was carried out as an explorative case study based on interviews with 15 senior staff members at 9 companies related to ES that represent different roles in a future ecosystem for FES. The interview data was analyzed and the findings were mapped according to the Business Model Canvas (BMC). Results The findings from the study describe the main characteristics of a FES ecosystem, and identify the challenges for future research and practice. Conclusions The case study indicates that new actors exist in the FES ecosystem compared to a traditional supply chain, and that their roles and relations are redefined. The business models include new revenue streams and services, but also create the need for trade-offs between, e.g., openness and dependability in the architecture, as well as new ways of working. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 30. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
-
Cost Models with Explicit Uncertainties for Electronic Architecture Trade-off and Risk Analysis
- 2006
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Ingår i: 16th Annual International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering, INCOSE 2006. - 9781622769292 ; , s. 1700-1741
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses how the early phases of developing embedded electronic systems can be improved by enhanced modelling of cost and performance that includes explicithandling of uncertainties. The approach is to add cost information to existing UML models,capture uncertainties using probability distributions, and use Monte Carlo simulation to analyze the risk of not reaching the cost targets. It is demonstrated how the information obtained can be used when evaluating different architecture alternatives, while including both development and product cost as well as risk in the trade-off
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| 31. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
-
Evolutionary Architecting of Embedded and Enterprise Software and Systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: Aligning Enterprise, System, and Software Architectures. - : IGI Global. - 1466621990 ; , s. 39-57
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many industries rely heavily on embedded software and systems to maximize business value in their products. These systems are very complex and the architecture is important to control the complexity and make development efficient. There are often also connections between the embedded system and the different lifecycle processes, and hence to the enterprise systems supporting those processes. It is rare to start from scratch when developing new products, and instead these companies evolve their products over time, which means that architecting needs to be evolutionary. In this chapter, it is described what such an evolutionary architecting process can look like based on observations from industry, and how the process can be continuously improved using a maturity model. It is also presented how the embedded system relates to different elements of the enterprise architecture.
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| 32. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
-
Evolutionary Architecting of Embedded and Enterprise Software and Systems
- 2012. - 6
-
Ingår i: Aligning Enterprise, System, and Software Architectures. - : IGI Global. - 1466621990 ; , s. 39-57
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many industries rely heavily on embedded software and systems to maximize business value in their products. These systems are very complex and the architecture is important to control the complexity and make development efficient. There are often also connections between the embedded system and the different lifecycle processes, and hence to the enterprise systems supporting those processes. It is rare to start from scratch when developing new products, and instead these companies evolve their products over time, which means that architecting needs to be evolutionary. In this chapter, it is described what such an evolutionary architecting process can look like based on observations from industry, and how the process can be continuously improved using a maturity model. It is also presented how the embedded system relates to different elements of the enterprise architecture.
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| 33. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
-
Evolutionary Architecting of Embedded Automotive Product Lines: An Industrial Case Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) & European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA). - Cambridge, UK. - 9781424449842 ; , s. 101-110
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the automotive industry, embedded systems and software play an increasingly important role in defining the characteristics of the vehicles. Both the vehicles and the embedded systems are designed as product lines, and two distinct rchitecture processes can be identified. The revolutionary process develops the architecture of a new product line, and focuses on abstract quality attributes and flexibility. The evolutionary process continuously modifies the architecture due to changes, such as additions of new functionality. In this paper, the evolutionary process is investigated through a case study. The study reviews a number of changes to an existing architecture, observing the cause of the change, what quality attributes were considered, and what technical aspects were included. It is also analyzed how the interplay between the two processes can be improved through systematic feedback about what evolution actually takes place.
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| 34. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
-
Evolutionary Architecting of Software-Intensive Systems
- 2012
-
Ingår i: ERCIM News. - 0926-4981 .- 1564-0094. ; :88, s. 24-25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most industrial software-intensive systems have a very long life span, and undergo many changes after their initial conception. To ensure that they maintain the desired system-level properties, it is essential that their architecture is also updated to reflect the added functionality. To this end, we have investigated how Evolutionary Architecting should be carried out in order to provide a strong basis for a system, not only at conception but throughout its life. The results are concrete and based on empirical findings, and include both a new state-of-the-art process description and a light-weight maturity evaluation method.
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| 35. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
-
Experiences of using linked data and ontologies for operational data sharing in systems-of-systems
- 2019
-
Ingår i: SysCon 2019 - 13th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference, Proceedings. - Orlando, Florida, United States : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781538683965
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the problem of exchanging complex data between the constituent systems in a system-of-systems. This is necessary to ensure that they have compatible understandings of the world surrounding them and entails a need for semantic interoperability between the constituents. Through a case study of a road construction system-of-systems, the world wide web technologies of linked data and ontologies are explored as a framework for data representation and exchange. This data includes several broad categories, such as assets, interfaces, organizations, capabilities, missions, and observations, as well as various properties of those. It is also discussed how the constituents can use this data for reasoning and decision making. The results have been validated through a simulation-based research prototype of the road construction case, from which experiences are reported.
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| 36. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
-
Game Theory Applications in Systems-of-Systems Engineering : A Literature Review and Synthesis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0509. ; 153, s. 154-165
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems-of-systems (SoS) are becoming increasingly common in more and more domains, spreading from the initial focus on government-controlled areas such as defense to open market industries. This implies that collaborative SoS are becoming more important, where the constituents need to be given incentives to join and remain within the SoS. Game theory has been proposed as a framework to model and analyze such SoS mechanisms. It aims at providing such incentives to the independently operated and managed constituents. This paper presents a systematic literature review on the applications of game theory to SoS engineering, together with a synthesis aiming at capturing the best practices for such an analysis. The main conclusions are that game theory can be applied to SoS in a wide range of application areas, and deal with problems related to acquisition, design, and operations. In particular, the operational formation of SoS are well suited for this kind of analysis, and this often requires the use of simulation techniques. However, most results in the field lack a validation in practice.
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| 37. |
- Axelsson, Jakob H, et al.
(författare)
-
Sexual orientation and self-rated health: the role of social capital, offence, threat of violence, and violence.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 41:5, s. 508-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study the association between sexual orientation and self-rated health, including trust, offence, threat of violence, and violence. Design/setting/participants/measurement: The 2008 Public Health Survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study. A total of 28,198 persons aged 18-80 years responded (55%). Logistic regressions analysed the association between sexual orientation and self-rated health. Results: 27.4% of all men and 30.0% of all women rated their health as poor. Poor self-rated health was significantly more prevalent in higher age, among immigrants, people with lower education, low social support, low trust, experience of being offended, experience of threat of violence and violence, and bisexual and other orientation. Homosexual and bisexual men and women had higher age-adjusted odds ratios of having felt offended compared to heterosexual respondents. The odds ratios of low trust, threat of violence (men), and experience of violence (women) were significant for respondents with bisexual orientation but not for respondents with homosexual orientation. In the age-adjusted model, no significant association was observed between homosexual orientation and poor self-rated health among women. All other associations between sexual orientation and health were significant in the age-adjusted model but non-significant in the multiple models. Conclusions: Associations between sexual orientation and health disappear after multiple adjustments including trust and experience of offence, threat of violence, and violence. The study suggests that the group with bisexual orientation seems to be more exposed to low social capital (trust), threat of violence, and violence than the group with homosexual orientation.
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| 38. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Higher-Level Capabilities of System-of-Systems Constituents : A Case of Industrial Ecosystems
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 18th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSe 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350327236
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a system-of-systems, independent constituent systems collaborate to achieve broader capabilities they cannot provide on their own. This paper investigates the nature of the constituent system capabilities beyond basic operational actions, to achieve a deeper understanding of what is required to participate in a system-of-systems. Through a case study of industrial ecosystems, the need is shown for planning how to use basic operational capabilities, for dynamic capabilities to achieve long-term evolution, and for resilience capabilities to deal with perturbations. This also affects the governance of the system. The findings are used to extend an existing conceptual model of constituent systems and to characterize collaboration in a system-of-systems that implements a value network.
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| 39. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
-
Improving the Evolutionary Architecting Process for Embedded System Product Lines
- 2011. - 5
-
Ingår i: 2011 IEEE International Systems Conference, SysCon 2011 - Proceedings. - : IEEE. - 9781424494941 ; , s. 334-341
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many industries developing complex products based on embedded systems rely on architecting as a key activity. Furthermore, they use product line approaches to find synergies between their products. This means that they use a base platform which is adapted to different products, and the architecture of the product line thus evolves over time. In previous case studies we have seen that these companies often lack a defined process for the evolutionary architecting of these product lines. The contribution of this paper is to present such a process, which matches key characteristics of mature architecting practices. It is also discussed how this process compares to observations in industry.
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| 40. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
MOPED : A Mobile Open Platform for Experimental Design of Cyber-Physical Systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: The 40th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications SEAA 2014. - 9781479957941 ; , s. 423-430
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the increasing importance of cyber-physical and embedded systems in industry, there is a strong demand for engineers with an updated knowledge on contemporary technology and methods in the area. This is a challenge for educators, in particular when it comes to creating hands-on experiences of real systems, due to their complexity and the fact that they are usually proprietary. Therefore, a laboratory environment that is representative of the industrial solutions is needed, with a focus on software and systems engineering issues. This paper describes such an environment, called the Mobile Open Platform for Experimental Design (MOPED). It consists of a model car chassis, equipped with a network of three control units based on standard hardware, and running the automotive software standard AUTOSAR, which consists of operating system, middleware, and application software structures. It is equipped with various sensors and actuators, and is open to extensions both in hardware and software. It also contains elements of future systems, since it allows connectivity to cloud services, development of federated embedded systems, and continuous deployment of new functionality. In this way, the platform provides a very relevant learning environment for cyber-physical systems, today and in the future.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
-
Needs and Architectural Strategies Related to Geospatial Information in Systems-of-Systems
- 2020
-
Ingår i: SOSE 2020 - IEEE 15th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering, Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781728180502 ; , s. 111-116
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper puts forward the hypothesis that all systems-of-systems (SoS) need to deal with geospatial information. It discusses some fundamental aspects of such geodata, including entities, coordinate systems, features, and representation. It then presents how geodata can be used for various purposes in SoS and suggests architectural strategies for handling geodata in this context, including the use of linked data to represent both geodata and other information; triple stores for databases; and cloud servers for executing geodata related constituent system functionality.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Notes On Agile and Safety-Critical Development
- 2016
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Ingår i: Software Engineering Notes. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0163-5948 .- 1943-5843. ; 41:2, s. 23-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agile approaches have been highly influential to the software engineering practices in many organizations, and are increasingly being applied in larger companies, and for developing systems outside the pure software domain. To understand more about the current state of agile, its applications to safety-critical systems, and the consequences on innovation and large organizations, a seminar was organized in Stockholm in 2014. This paper gives an overview of the topics discussed at that seminar, a summary of the main results and suggestions for future work as input to a research agenda for agile development of safety-critical software.
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| 45. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
-
On how to deal with uncertainty when architecting embedded software and systems
- 2011. - 5
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6903. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6903, Springer. - 9783642237973 ; , s. 199-202
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the topic of uncertainty in the context of architecting embedded software and systems. It presents links between complexity and uncertainty, and identifies different kinds of uncertainty. Based on this, it elaborates why uncertainty arises in the architecting of software-intensive systems, and presents ten different tactics that can be employed to deal with uncertainty and mitigate the associated risks.
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| 46. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Concepts of Capability and Constituent System Independence in Systems-of-Systems
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665496230 ; , s. 247-252
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems-of-systems are designed to provide a capability that their constituent systems cannot achieve individually. A key property is that the constituent systems have some degree of operational and managerial independence. The concepts of capability and independence are thus central to the field of systems-of-systems. Yet the contemporary literature and standards only give vague definitions of these terms. This vagueness is a barrier to progress in the field, and this paper aims at contributing with a more detailed conceptualization. It describes a system capability as a state-transforming process that uses certain resources. Independence means that the system has a choice about when and how its capabilities should be activated. This requires that the system is an intelligent agent with a notion of utility, a perception of the world around it, and a decision-making capability. When given a mission, the system can complete that mission by activating appropriate combinations of capabilities. A system-of-systems can decompose its mission into parts that correspond to the capabilities of various constituent systems.
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| 47. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Conceptual Design of a Dynamic Component Model for Reconfigurable AUTOSAR Systems
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings<em> of the 5th Workshop on Adaptive and Reconfigurable Embedded Systems</em>.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The automotive industry has recently developed the embedded software standard AUTOSAR, which is now being introduced widely in production vehicles. The standard structures the application into reusable components that can be deployed in a specific vehicle using a configuration scheme. However, this configuration takes place at design time, with no provision for dynamically installing components to reconfigure the system. In this paper, we present the conceptual design of a dynamic component model that extends an AUTOSAR based control unit with the possibility to add plug-in components that execute on a virtual machine. This concept is intended to give benefits in terms of much shorter deployment time for new functions, even into vehicles that have already been produced. Further, it creates opportunities for vehicles to take part in federated embedded systems together with other products. It also opens up a market for third-party developers, and fosters open innovation in an ecosystem around the automotive software business.
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| 48. |
- Axelsson, Jakob
(författare)
-
Proceedings of the 1st Scandinavian Workshop on the Engineering of Systems-of-Systems (SWESoS 2015)
- 2015. - 8
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The rapid digitization of society is to a large extent driven by the interconnection of existing systems in order to co-ordinate their activities. This leads to systems-of-systems (SoS), where the parts more or less voluntarily co-operate for mutual benefits while keeping their autonomy. The term SoS started to become relevant some 20 years ago, and accelerated as a research area about 10 years ago. Although some people tend to take SoS as a synonym for large and complex systems, the research community has arrived at a fairly precise characterization of the term. In an SoS, the elements, or constituent systems, exhibit an operational and managerial independence, meaning that they can operate outside the SoS context, and have different owners. They choose to collaborate in order to achieve a common goal, manifested as an emergent property of the SoS, i.e. a property not existent in any of its parts in isolation. The field so far has been dominated by US researchers focusing on military and space applications. Key topics include architecture, communications, interoperability, modeling and simulation, and also a number of properties where dependability attributes such as safety play an important role. From its origins in the government driven sectors, SoS are now spreading to civilian and commercial usage. To investigate the needs and strategies for Sweden in relation to SoS, VINNOVA in late 2014 commissioned a consortium led by the Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS) to develop a research and innovation agenda for the area. The agenda project has included an industrial perspective captured in a series of workshops with practitioners, and also a research perspective. The latter was handled through an extensive research literature review, which indicated a poor representation of Scandinavia in the SoS research community. Also, a survey was sent to all relevant Swedish universities, research institutes, and funding agencies, and the result of this was somewhat contradictory. Many researchers are indeed working on topics related to SoS, but often use different terms for it, and publish at other venues than the SoS community. Given the large, but scattered, activity in the highly multidisciplinary SoS area, SICS and the Swedish Chapter of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) decided to organize the 1st Scandinavian Workshop on the Engineering of Systems of Systems (SWESoS 2015). The primary purpose of the workshop was to create a meeting place for researchers and practitioners interested in SoS. The workshop was intended to be an informal event, focusing on presentation of results and ongoing research, to stimulate interaction among the researchers. This proceedings volume contains the extended abstracts of those presentations. In many cases, the presentations are based on work already published elsewhere, and the interested reader can find links to more material in each contribution. The scope of the workshop was all aspects related to SoS engineering. This included, but was not restricted to, the following topics when applied to systems of systems: Autonomous and cooperative systems; Business models, including software ecosystems; Case studies of applications in different domains; Control strategies; Communication; Dependability, robustness, and other quality attributes; Enterprise architecture; Governance; Interoperability; Modeling and simulation, including multi-agent systems; Service oriented architecture; Systems engineering methods; and Systems thinking. In total, 16 papers were submitted to the workshop, and 13 were accepted for presentation, whereas the remaining three were somewhat outside the core scope of the event.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Axelsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality assurance in software ecosystems : A systematic literature mapping and research agenda
- 2015. - 11
-
Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 114, s. 69-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Software ecosystems are becoming a common model for software development in which different actors cooperate around a shared platform. However, it is not clear what the implications are on software quality when moving from a traditional approach to an ecosystem, and this is becoming increasingly important as ecosystems emerge in critical domains such as embedded applications. Therefore, this paper investigates the challenges related to quality assurance in software ecosystems, and identifies what approaches have been proposed in the literature. The research method used is a systematic literature mapping, which however only resulted in a small set of six papers. The literature findings are complemented with a constructive approach where areas are identified that merit further research, resulting in a set of research topics that form a research agenda for quality assurance in software ecosystems. The agenda spans the entire system life-cycle, and focuses on challenges particular to an ecosystem setting, which are mainly the results of the interactions across organizational borders, and the dynamic system integration being controlled by the users.
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