| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Karin, 1969-
(författare)
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Entrepreneurship in a School Setting : Introducing a Business Concept in a Public Context
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Entrepreneurship has during the last decades gained an immense interest in academia, politics and practice. It is argued from politics that more entrepreneurs are necessary for the economic development. In addition, nowadays entrepreneurship is also perceived as a solution to social and societal challenges. This drives a need for entrepreneurial people everywhere in society who can cope with the inconstant and uncertain world of today. As a consequence, there are around the world numerous educational initiatives trying to inspire and fuel an entrepreneurial mind-set. Here, educations of all kind become relevant contexts since they provide an opportunity to affect children, youth’s and adult’s interest and attitudes towards entrepreneurship, and as such give a possibility to reach a vast number of people.Sweden is no exception, and in 2009 the Swedish Government launched a ‘Strategy for entrepreneurship in the field of education’ in which entrepreneurship is said to run like a common thread throughout education. The main focus is that self-employment is to become as natural as being an employee. As such the Government took an active stand for implementing entrepreneurship in the school setting on a broad front, from preschool to adult education.This development can be seen as part of New Public Management; a development where concepts from the private sector are lent and transferred to the public sector. Thus, when introducing entrepreneurship in the Swedish educational system, this at the same time means introducing a traditional business concept in a public setting. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis is to increase knowledge of and insights on how a business concept – entrepreneurship – is operationalised and constructed in a public setting.When placing entrepreneurship in new societal contexts other questions arise and complexity intensifies. In this qualitative research, the empirical context in focus are schools. It investigates how entrepreneurship is constructed among teachers in their work. But also how this business concept is included in a non-business setting by studying how the entrepreneurship strategy is operationalised in educational practice.As such the thesis and its findings contribute to the scientific discussions on societal entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education, as well as on strategy and strategising in a public context. The research also aspire to serve inspiration, insights and food for thoughts on discussions and reflections on entrepreneurship within the school practice. This compilation thesis include five papers. To be able to fulfil the aim this research use a broad theoretical base and multiple qualitative research methods. The combination of methods include semi-structured interviews, in-depth interview using the stimulated recall method, focus group interviews, participative meetings, observations, document studies, digital questionnaires, written inquiries, analysing texts and critical incidents questionnaires.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Strukturerad miljödatahantering inom järn- och stålindustri. Etapp 2; Miljöinformationssystem
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det analysarbete som gjorts har i denna etapp har genomförts i samarbete med samma tre typföretag - Höganäs AB, Sandvik Materials Technology samt Ovako Steel AB - som i etapp 1. De tre företagen hanterar vardera en avsevärda mängd miljödata som idag finns utspridd inom organisationerna och lagras i olika system varför sammanställningar försvåras. Det betyder att den miljödata som mäts och beräknas lagras på ett sätt som innebär en irrationell hantering av den samlade miljöinformationen. Den analys som visar att det inom järn- och stålbranschen går att beskriva verksamhetsprocesser på ett enhetligt sätt och att miljödatan som företagen mäter, beräknar och lagrar överensstämmer i mycket stor grad. Baserat på detta har en branschgemensam miljödatastruktur varit möjlig att ta fram. Denna struktur är framtagen för att kunna lagra miljödata för utsläpp till luft, utsläpp till vatten, energianvändning och avfall. Utifrån den miljödatastruktur som arbetats fram och genom diskussioner med representanter för typföretagen i projektet har en översiktlig systemskiss för ett miljöinformationssystem inom järn- och stålindustrin tagits fram. Detta miljöinformationssystem kan vara generellt inom branschen och svara upp mot gemensamma krav på hantering av miljödata.
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| 4. |
- Belachew, Johanna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of retained placenta in women previously delivered by caesarean section : a population-based cohort study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 121:2, s. 224-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether women with a caesarean section at their first delivery have an increased risk of retained placenta at their second delivery.DESIGN: Population-based cohort study.SETTING: Sweden.POPULATION: All women with their first and second singleton deliveries in Sweden during the years 1994-2006 (n = 258 608). Women with caesarean section or placental abruption in their second pregnancy were not included in the study population.METHODS: The risk of retained placenta at second delivery was estimated for women with a first delivery by caesarean section (n = 19 458), using women with a first vaginal delivery as reference (n = 239 150). Risks were calculated as odds ratios by unconditional logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence intervals (95%) after adjustments for maternal, delivery, and infant characteristics.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Retained placenta with normal (≤1000 ml) and heavy (>1000 ml) bleeding.RESULTS: The overall rate of retained placenta was 2.07%. In women with a previous caesarean section and in women with previous vaginal delivery, the corresponding rates were 3.44% and 1.96%, respectively. Compared with women with a previous vaginal delivery, women with a previous caesarean section had an increased risk of retained placenta (adjusted OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.32-1.59), and the association was more pronounced for retained placenta with heavy bleeding (adjusted OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.44-1.79).CONCLUSIONS: Our report shows an increased risk for retained placenta in women previously delivered by caesarean section, a finding that should be considered in discussions of mode of delivery.
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| 5. |
- Bolin, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of Preeclampsia by Combining Serum Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein and Uterine Artery Doppler
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Hypertension. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0895-7061 .- 1941-7225. ; 25:12, s. 1305-1310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPreeclampsia is associated with both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a protein interacting with angiogenesis, coagulation, and inflammatory responses, processes known to be altered in preeclamptic pregnancies. Significantly lower levels of HRG have been demonstrated as early as in the first trimester in women later developing preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of HRG and uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography can be used as a predictor of preeclampsia.MethodsA total of 175 women were randomly selected from a case-control study; 86 women had an uncomplicated pregnancy and 89 women later developed preeclampsia. Blood samples and pulsatility index (PI) were obtained from both cases and controls in gestational week 14.ResultsHRG levels were significantly lower in women who developed preterm preeclampsia compared with controls, but not for women developing preeclampsia in general. PI was significantly higher in the preeclampsia group compared with controls, especially in preterm preeclampsia. The combination of HRG and PI revealed a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 62% for preterm preeclampsia.ConclusionsThe combination of HRG and uterine artery Doppler may predict preterm preeclampsia in early pregnancy.
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| 6. |
- Gyllensten, Ulf B., et al.
(författare)
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Next Generation Plasma Proteomics Identifies High-Precision Biomarker Candidates for Ovarian Cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 14:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary Ovarian cancer is the eighth most common cancer among women and has a 5-year survival of only 30-50%. The survival is close to 90% for patients in stage I but only 20% for patients in stage IV. The presently available biomarkers have insufficient sensitivity and specificity for early detection and there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers. The aim of our study was to broadly measure protein biomarkers to find tests for the early detection of ovarian cancer. We found that combinations of 4-7 protein biomarkers can provide highly accurate detection of early- and late-stage ovarian cancer compared to benign conditions. The performance of the tests was then validated in a second independent cohort. Background: Ovarian cancer is the eighth most common cancer among women and has a 5-year survival of only 30-50%. The survival is close to 90% for patients in stage I but only 20% for patients in stage IV. The presently available biomarkers have insufficient sensitivity and specificity for early detection and there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers. Methods: We employed the Explore PEA technology for high-precision analysis of 1463 plasma proteins and conducted a discovery and replication study using two clinical cohorts of previously untreated patients with benign or malignant ovarian tumours (N = 111 and N = 37). Results: The discovery analysis identified 32 proteins that had significantly higher levels in malignant cases as compared to benign diagnoses, and for 28 of these, the association was replicated in the second cohort. Multivariate modelling identified three highly accurate models based on 4 to 7 proteins each for separating benign tumours from early-stage and/or late-stage ovarian cancers, all with AUCs above 0.96 in the replication cohort. We also developed a model for separating the early-stage from the late-stage achieving an AUC of 0.81 in the replication cohort. These models were based on eleven proteins in total (ALPP, CXCL8, DPY30, IL6, IL12, KRT19, PAEP, TSPAN1, SIGLEC5, VTCN1, and WFDC2), notably without MUCIN-16. The majority of the associated proteins have been connected to ovarian cancer but not identified as potential biomarkers. Conclusions: The results show the ability of using high-precision proteomics for the identification of novel plasma protein biomarker candidates for the early detection of ovarian cancer.
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| 7. |
- Jennbacken, Karin, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of metastasis in a castration resistant prostate cancer model by the quinoline-3-carboxamide tasquinimod (ABR-215050)
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 72:8, s. 913-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Tasquinimod (ABR-215050) is an orally active quinoline-3-carboxamide analog that has completed phase II clinical trial in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer, showing promising inhibiting effects on the occurrence of metastasis and delayed disease progression. Its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, but previous studies show anti-angiogenic effects and strong interaction with the S100A9 protein. METHODS This study was performed to evaluate if tasquinimod inhibits prostate cancer metastasis, by using both orthotopic and intratibial xenograft models. Animals were treated with tasquinimod, and tumor growth characteristics as well as molecular markers for metastasis and angiogenesis were analyzed. RESULTS The results show that formation of lung and lymph node metastases from orthotopic castration resistant prostate tumors was inhibited by tasquinimod treatment. Importantly, establishment of tumors in the bone after intratibial implantation was suppressed by tasquinimod. In addition, establishment and growth of subcutaneous tumors were affected. Both in primary tumors and serum from treated mice an upregulation of thrombospondin 1 was observed. Further, downregulation of the hypoxia driven genes VEGF, CXCR4, and LOX was detected in the primary tasquinimod-treated tumors and decreased expression of chemotactic ligand SDF-1 was demonstrated in the lungs. Thus, these molecular changes could contribute to the anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic effects of tasquinimod. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study and clinical data show that tasquinimod interferes with the metastatic process, presumably by inhibition of tumor establishment. Therefore, tasquinimod is an interesting treatment option for patients with prostate cancer prone to metastasis. Prostate 72:913924, 2012. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of Self and Identity in Narrations About Recent Events : Communication With Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease Enabled by a Digital Photograph Diary
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Gerontological Nursing. - : SLACK. - 0098-9134 .- 1938-243X. ; 43:6, s. 25-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to narrate autobiographical memories is important for maintaining the identity of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current study explored how the sense of self is manifested in narrations about recent events, enabled via a digital photograph diary. Use of a digital photograph diary was tested with seven individuals with AD and their household members. Narrative analysis was used to analyze audiorecordings of the pairs' communication about recent events shown in the photographs. The results show how individuals with AD understand events illustrated in recent photographs in relation to their sense of self and associated skills and abilities that are facets of their selfhood. This type of digital photograph diary has the potential to support individuals with AD to maintain their sense of self and participation in everyday life, and strengthen their relationships with household members; it could be an important tool in person-centered care.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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"Carpe Diem" : Supporting conversations between individuals with dementia and their family members
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Gerontological Nursing. - : SLACK, Inc.. - 0098-9134 .- 1938-243X. ; 40:2, s. 38-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remembrance of recent events is a major problem for individuals with dementia. Consequently, this article explores the process of acceptance and integration of a digital photograph diary (DPD) as a tool for remembrance of and conversations about daily life events. A design for multiple case studies was used. Seven couples, in which one individual in the couple had Alzheimer's disease, tested the DPD for 6 months. Data were collected in three sequences with interviews, observations, and screening instruments. In the analysis, all data were integrated to find common patterns of content. Some couples became regular users, while others used the DPD more sporadically. Factors contributing to regular use were how the DPD matched expectations, actual use, support, experienced usefulness, and reactions from family and friends. For those couples who became regular users, the DPD facilitated their conversation about recent daily activities
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Stories about life narrated by people with Alzheimer's disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 70:12, s. 2791-2799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo explore how people with Alzheimer's disease present their life story.BackgroundLife story work is a key concept in a person-centred care. An important aspect in understanding the subjective experience and supporting the identity of people with dementia is to listen to their life stories.DesignA narrative design with interviews was used.MethodNine participants with Alzheimer's disease were encouraged to tell about their lives from childhood, adult life, to present life and about their thoughts on the future. The interviews were conducted between September 2010–March 2011 in the participants' homes, with their spouses present and were analysed with a method for analysis of narratives.FindingsContentment, Connectedness, Self-reliance and Personal growth were identified as core dimensions in the participants' life stories and shown like threads throughout life, from childhood, adult life to present life. All participants expressed an overall contentment with life, and connectedness was related to their relation with significant persons and to be included in the local community. Self-reliance was expressed as a strong confidence in the own ability and an overall curiosity throughout life as a sustained quest for personal growth.ConclusionsIt is important for healthcare professionals, who work with people with dementia, to understand that people with Alzheimer's disease can maintain an overall trusting and hopeful approach to life. It is also important to use life story work to enhance feelings of being connected to the world and thereby support their identity and sense of self.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Karlsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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The challenge of coming to terms with the use of a new digital assistive device : a case Study of two persons with mild dementia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Open Nursing Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-4346. ; 5, s. 102-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increased interest in supporting persons with dementia with technical services in daily life. The aim of this case study was to explore the complex issues involved in the process from a user driven development to the acceptance and usage of a new digital assistive device for persons with mild dementia. Even though it was developed in a user driven process and personalized to meet their individual needs they rarely used it. To deepening the understanding of this disparity between actual usage and perceived usefulness, the participants were studied whilst performing daily life activities through participant observations and interviews. Their partners were interviewed two years after the first observations to clarify the change in needs over time. The results show that the participant needs encompassed occupation, safety, social interaction, and memory support together with the receipt of general support. The overriding requirement for both participants was a need to maintain their self-image. When the digital assistive device did not correspond with the participants’ expectations or view of themselves, their interest in using it faded, since the digital assistive device failed to support their self-image. The acceptance of a digital assistive device by a person with dementia is a process that begins with identifying and personalizing the functions of the device according to individual needs, and then supporting the usage and the gradual integration of the device into daily life. During this process, the person’s selfimage must be taken into consideration and supported
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| 13. |
- Lundblad, Anders Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Vätgas som alternativ för skogsindustrins transporter– en jämförande studie (H2Timmer) : Exekutiv sammanfattning
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta förstudieprojekt har undersökt vätgas som alternativ för skogsindustrins transporter. Hela värdekedjan, inklusive produktion, komprimering, lagring, och användning inkluderas i analysen som beaktar kostnader, energieffektivitet och växthusgasutsläpp ur ett ”well-to wheel”-perspektiv. Projektet har genomförts av RISE tillsammans med följande företag och organisationer: Sveaskog, SmurfitKappa, Metsä Group, Holmen, StoraEnso, BillerudKorsnäs, AB Volvo, Volvo Penta, Volvo CE, Nilsson Energy, Euromekanik, Energiforsk, Skogsindustrierna.
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| 14. |
- Lundblad, Anders Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Vätgas som alternativ för skogsindustrins transporter– en jämförande studie (H2Timmer)
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta förstudieprojekt har visat att vätgasdrift för timmerlastbilar ger något högre men ändå liknande kilometerkostnad som ren batteridrift, men snabbare tankning och längre körsträcka, vilket ger större flexibilitet för åkaren. Även biodrivmedel kan vara ett konkurrenskraftigt alternativ. Skogsindustrin är en av Sveriges största transportanvändare. För timmertransporter är lastbil det klart viktigaste transportslaget och skogsindustrins transporter motsvarar ca 17 % av Sveriges transporterade gods på väg. Ett alternativ för omställning av skogsindustrins transporter till fossilfrihet är förnybar vätgas, som kan produceras genom elektrolys med förnybar el. Precis som el ger vätgas inte upphov till några lokala emissioner vid användningen. Produktion av vätgas kan potentiellt ha synergier för skogsindustrins massabruk, som behov av syrgas och tillgång till överskottsel. Projektet har undersökt vätgas som alternativ för skogsindustrins transporter. Hela värdekedjan, inklusive produktion, komprimering, lagring, och användning inkluderas i analysen som beaktar kostnader, energieffektivitet och växthusgasutsläpp ur ett ”well-to wheel”-perspektiv. Studien inkluderar jämförelser med andra möjliga alternativ för att ställa om transporterna till fossilfrihet så som elektrifiering och biodrivmedel. Projektet har gett resultat som kommer att ligga till grund för en mer detaljerad projekteringsstudie inför ett framtida demonstrations- och pilotprojekt. Studien som finansierats av Trafikverket genom TripleF har genomförts av RISE tillsammans med 6 skogsindustribolag, tre företag från fordonsbranschen och två systemintegratörer med fokus på vätgas. Medverkande företag och organisationer: Sveaskog, SmurfitKappa, Metsä Group, Holmen, StoraEnso, BillerudKorsnäs, AB Volvo, Volvo Penta, Volvo CE, Nilsson Energy, Euromekanik, Energiforsk, Skogsindustrierna.
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| 15. |
- Sund-Levander, Märtha, 1954-
(författare)
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Measurement and evaluation of body temperature : Implications for clinical practice
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim was to explore factors influencing the normal variation and measurement of body temperature. Additional aims were to study morbidity, mortality and the clinical presentation of pneumonia and predictors for survival in elderly nursing-home residents. Two hundred and thirty seven non-febrile nursing home residents (aged 66-99 years) and 87 healthy adults (aged 19-59 years) were included. In elderly individuals, the morning ear and rectal body temperature was measured at baseline and pneumonia and survival was observed at one- two and three-year. In healthy adults the rectal, ear, oral and axillary temperature were measured simultaneously on one morning and repeated measurements were performed in three subjects.Overall, the range of normal body temperature was wider then traditionally stated. In elderly nursinghome residents, functional and cognitive impairment and BMI < 20 were related to a lower body temperature and medication with analgesics to a higher. Compared to adults < 60 years elderly persons had a higher average ear and a lower rectal temperature. Men and postmenopausal women < 60 years had lower body temperature than premenopausal women. The repeated measurements showed a wide individual variability irrespective of the site of measurement, and that replicated measurements do not improve accuracy. When comparing the rectal temperature with oral, ear and axillary readings the average difference was > 0.5°C with a wide individual variation.The yearly incidence of nursing-home acquired pneumonia varied between 6.9% and 13.7%. Functional impairment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and male sex were related to a higher risk of acquiring pneumonia and presenting non-specific symptoms were common. Age and functional impairment predicted mortality, irrespective of gender, while cerebral vascular insult, a lower body mass index and malnutrition in women and heart disease, COPD, medication with sedatives and mortality rate index in men were gender specific predictors. Surviving women had a higher baseline body temperature than non-surviving, while no such difference was found in men.When assessing body temperature, it is important to consider the site of measurement, technical design, operator technique, age and gender and, in elderly nursing-home residents, physical and cognitive impairment, body constitution and medication with analgesics. The best approach is to use an unadjusted mode, without adjusting to another site. To prevent a delayed diagnosis of pneumonia, one should be aware of a low baseline body temperature and lack of specific clinical symptoms in elderly nursing-home residents. Preserving and/or improving functional, cognitive, nutritional status and preventing agitation and confusion would improve survival in nursing-home residents.
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| 16. |
- Sundin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Suffering from care as expressed in the narratives of former patients in somatic wards
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 14:1, s. 16-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To illuminate patients' experiences of suffering from care, ten former patients in somatic wards narrated a desirable care episode (n = 39) and an undesirable care episode (n = 51). The interviews were analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic method inspired by Ricoeur's philosophy. Four themes were found: having a good rest, suffering through, searching for autonomy and being cared for by attentive and committed staff. The findings were interpreted in light of Eriksson's description of suffering, which describes three kinds of suffering: 'suffering of life', 'suffering of illness' and 'suffering of caring'. Although not mentioned explicitly, it was evident that cases of suffering from care were indicated in the patients' narratives. The themes were related to the patients' states of health, their experience of the care situation and their descriptions of themselves, and could be understood as related to the acts of the 'drama of suffering' described by Eriksson. The study highlights the need for the patient to find a co-actor in the drama of suffering in order to prevent suffering from care, i.e. prevent hindrance to the patient in her/his struggle against the 'suffering of illness' and the 'suffering of life'. The patients must be seen as the directors of their own dramas of suffering.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Aleksandrov, D., et al.
(författare)
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Halo excitations in fragmentation of He-6 at 240 MeV/u on carbon and lead targets
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 669:1-2, s. 51-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissociation of a 240 MeV/u beam of He-6, incident on carbon and lead targets, has been studied in kinematically complete experiments to investigate low-lying excitation modes in the halo nucleus He-6. It is shown that alignment effects characterize the inelastic scattering and allow an unambiguous assignment of the spin of a narrow resonance observed in the excitation energy spectrum. The differential cross sections for the He-6 inelastic scattering on carbon and lead targets were deduced from the measured moments of the two neutrons and the a-particle. An analysis of these distributions shows that quadrupole and, possibly, monopole excitations characterize the hadronic interaction, while the dipole mode is dominating in Coulomb dissociation. Neither theoretically predicted new resonance states in He-6 nor nuclear excitation of a dipole mode were found. Direct evidence has been obtained for strong suppression of Coulornb post-acceleration in direct Coulomb breakup in a lead target.
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| 19. |
- Almquist, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Kloka kliniska val – att avstå det som inte gör nytta för patienten : [Choosing Wisely in Sweden]
- 2023
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Sveriges Läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 120
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overdiagnosis and overtreatment receive increasing attention. More than 20 percent of health expenditure is without patient benefit, so-called low-value care. Several national and international initiatives have been launched to minimize low-value care. Arguably, the most widely spread initiative is Choosing Wisely. First launched by the American Board of Internal Medicine in 2012, this campaign has spread to more than 20 countries. The Swedish Society of Medicine has identified low-value care as a significant problem in Swedish health care and has established a working group to investigate if and how a campaign based on Choosing Wisely would be feasible in Sweden. Here, the working group reports on the history of Choosing Wisely, identifies potential challenges for deimplementation generally and in the Swedish context specifically.
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| 20. |
- Alvez, Maria Bueno, et al.
(författare)
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Next generation pan-cancer blood proteome profiling using proximity extension assay
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive characterization of blood proteome profiles in cancer patients can contribute to a better understanding of the disease etiology, resulting in earlier diagnosis, risk stratification and better monitoring of the different cancer subtypes. Here, we describe the use of next generation protein profiling to explore the proteome signature in blood across patients representing many of the major cancer types. Plasma profiles of 1463 proteins from more than 1400 cancer patients are measured in minute amounts of blood collected at the time of diagnosis and before treatment. An open access Disease Blood Atlas resource allows the exploration of the individual protein profiles in blood collected from the individual cancer patients. We also present studies in which classification models based on machine learning have been used for the identification of a set of proteins associated with each of the analyzed cancers. The implication for cancer precision medicine of next generation plasma profiling is discussed.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Digital support for medication administration : Status-enhancing innovation for care workers?
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: There are assumptions that innovative ICT solutions in healthcare can improve the efficiency and contribute to increased quality. Innovation through ICT is also expected to increase status of and attract men to care work.A project aimed at finding innovative ICT solutions was realized between 2009 and 2012. The project involved a healthcare center and two nursing homes. Technicians (all men) were those in the project given the assignment of finding innovative solutions together with staff. Involved in the project were also ICT companies and academic researchers. This research study was undertaken in a nursing home context. A tool for medication administration was under development and to be tested.Purpose; to describe staff’s perceptions of digital support for medication administration and understand staff’s underlying values when arguing for or against the tool.Data collection; focus-group interviews were carried out to collect data. To analyze and interpret the content of the data, a phenomenographic method was used.Findings; Participants questioned the utility and also the need of the ICT solution. Participants also expressed a risk for impaired working environment as an effect of the tool. They also thought the tool would be complicated to use and sometimes would lack in performance. Increased status as an effect of introducing ICT was a belief that was not held by the staff.Conclusions; Setting aside the fact that from the perspective of an outsider, the intention of the project was indeed to do good , staff did not perceive the ICT solution in a positive manner. Politicians and policymakers may be over emphasizing the possibilities of ICT for solving future challenges in healthcare. Focus on technological innovations and a discourse in which care workers are excluded can actually be contra-productive to the possibilities of enhancing the status of care work, which is still predominantly performed by women
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Andersson Marchesoni, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Technologies in older people's care : Values related to a caring rationality
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 24:2, s. 125-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDThe tension between care-based and technology-based rationalities motivates studies concerning how technology can be used in the care sector to support the relational foundation of care.OBJECTIVESThis study interprets values related to care and technologies connected to the practice of good care.RESEARCH DESIGNThis research study was part of a development project aimed at developing innovative work practices through information and communication technology. Participants and research context: All staff (n = 18) working at two wards in a care facility for older people were asked to participate in interviews, and 12 accepted. We analysed the data using latent content analysis in combination with normative analysis. Ethical considerations: The caregivers were informed that participation was voluntary and that they could drop out at any time without providing any explanation.FINDINGSFour values were identified: 'presence', 'appreciation', 'competence' and 'trust'. Caregivers wanted to focus on care receivers as unique persons, a view that they thought was compromised by time-consuming and beeping electronic devices. Appraising from next-of-kin and been seen as someone who can contribute together with knowledge to handle different situations were other desires. The caregivers also desired positive feedback from next-of-kin, as they wanted to be seen as professionals who have the knowledge and skills to handle difficult situations. In addition, the caregivers wanted their employer to trust them, and they wanted to work in a calm environment.DISCUSSIONCaregivers' desire for disturbance-free interactions, being valued for their skills and working in a trustful working environment were interpreted as their base for providing good care. The caregivers' arguments are based on caring rationality, and sometimes they felt the technological rationality interfered with their main mission, providing quality care.CONCLUSIONIntroducing new technology in caring should support the caring relationship. Although society's overall technology-based approach may have gained popularity as a problem solver, technology-based rationality may compromise a care-based rationality. A shift in attitudes towards care as a concept on all societal levels is needed.
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| 25. |
- André, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Drivkrafter för hållbar konsumtion på lokal nivå : Svenska kommuners roll och möjligheter
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En ökande konsumtion och resursförbrukning utgör idag en av de största globala hållbarhetsutmaningarna och är en viktig anledning till att utsläppen av växthusgaser fortsätter att öka. Såväl internationellt som i Sverige råder en allt större medvetenhet om att vi måste minska den negativa påverkan på klimat, miljö och människors hälsa som vår konsumtion ger upphov till (se till exempel Agenda 2030 och mål 12). För att främja hållbar konsumtion har städer och kommuner en viktig roll att spela genom att både indirekt och direkt främja och skapa incitament för hållbara konsumtionsmönster och beteenden på lokal nivå, såväl i kommunernas egen verksamhet som bland hushållen och andra aktörer.I denna rapport diskuteras de viktigaste insikterna och slutsatserna från projektet Unlock: Drivkrafter för en hållbar konsumtion på lokal nivå1. Syftet med Unlock har varit att bidra med ny kunskap om svenska kommuners roll när det gäller hållbar konsumtion på lokal nivå samt analysera hinder och möjligheter i kommunernas arbete. Rapporten lyfter fram ett antal rekommendationer på åtgärder och strategier för att stärka kommunernas arbete med hållbar konsumtion, och därmed Sveriges möjligheter att etablera ett mer hållbart samhälle.Rapporten utgår från följande forskningsfrågor:Vad kännetecknar kommunernas arbete med hållbar konsumtion idag? Det vill säga vilka konsumtionsområden står i fokus och vilka styrmedel och åtgärder används?Hur uppfattar kommunerna sin roll och sina möjligheter att främja hållbar konsumtion inom ramen för den egna verksamheten, samt gentemot invånare och företag?Hur använder kommunerna data och indikatorer i arbetet med hållbar konsumtion och vilka behov kan identifieras? Genom en tvärvetenskaplig ansats och en kombination av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder har projektet fokuserat på att fånga kommunernas drivkrafter, erfarenheter och kunskaper om hållbar konsumtion. Projektets tre huvudsakliga metoder innefattar: systematisk granskning av den vetenskapliga litteraturen om kommunernas roll att främja hållbar konsumtion; nationell webbaserad enkätstudie som genomfördes under hösten 2018 till Sveriges alla kommuner och länsstyrelser, och 3) fördjupade fallstudier av två kommuner, Lund och Upplands Väsby, där en serie fokusgrupper, workshoppar och intervjuer genomfördes med kommunala tjänstepersoner från olika förvaltningar under 2018–2019.Resultaten visar att många kommuner idag arbetar aktivt för att främja hållbar konsumtion med flera strategiska åtgärder på plats. Kommunernas arbete med hållbar konsumtion spänner över flera konsumtionsområden som till exempel livsmedel, upphandling, energi, avfall, energianvändning och transporter. De styrmedel som används är framför allt informativa och administrativa. Samarbete genom nätverk och investeringar är något som verkar öka möjligheterna att nå framgång. Resultat visar även att upphandling betraktas som ett viktigt styrmedel men upplevs svårt på grund av bristande resurser och kunskap. Likaså upplever kommunerna svårigheter att förstå och följa upp miljöbelastningen från sina inköp.Kommunerna visar stark drivkraft i arbetet med hållbar konsumtion men efterfrågar mer vägledning från nationell nivå. Resultaten visar också att politiskt stöd är mycket viktigt för att få tillräckligt med resurser samt stöd för att genomföra åtgärder. Ekonomiska incitament är också en viktig drivkraft medan bristande finansiella resurser är ett hinder för framsteg. För att lyckas i arbetet framhålls även nyckelpersoner, samarbete över förvaltningsgränser samt kompetens och tid som centrala faktorer. När det gäller indikatorer är det tydligt att de kan fungera som ett viktigt incitament för att adressera hållbar konsumtion men att brist på data ofta hämmar kommunernas möjligheter att utvärdera effekterna av olika åtgärder och styrmedel. Resultaten visar också att kommunernas användning av indikatorer hjälper till att fånga upp hur arbetet med hållbar konsumtion utvecklas i delar av arbetet men att de flesta kommuner inte har någon helhetsbild över hur påverkan från konsumtion utvecklas över tid. En förbättrad uppföljning och utvärdering anses vidare vara viktigt för att öka engagemanget för åtgärder som adresserar hållbar konsumtion. Rapportens rekommendationer (se vidare avsnitt 5):Stärk kommunernas möjligheter till kontinuerligt lärande, erfarenhetsutbyte och samarbeten genom etablering av gemensamma mötesplatser.Säkerställ brett politiskt stöd och mer resurser genom att etablera starkare stödjande institutioner, till exempel genom att se över fördelningen av ansvar från lokal till nationell nivå.Ge kommunerna mer stöd genom gemensamma riktlinjer och vägledning från nationell nivå och inom ramen för det kommunala självstyret. Detta också för att bidra till samsyn kring begreppet hållbar konsumtion och därigenom underlätta framtagandet av mål, strategier och tillhörande handlingsplaner.Utveckla samarbetet kring hållbar konsumtion mellan nationell, regional och lokal nivå och där landets länsstyrelser förslagsvis skulle kunna ta en större roll i arbetet.Prioritera stöd till utveckling och sammanställning av lokala konsumtionsbaserade miljöindikatorer och data.Stärk kommunernas kapacitet att sammanställa data från upphandling och inköp för att ge bättre underlag för styrmedel och åtgärder som minskar konsumtionens miljöpåverkan.
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| 26. |
- Andreassen, Sissel
(författare)
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Life Situation, Information Needs, and Information Seeking in Patients with Oesophageal Cancer and their Family Members
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the experiences of living with oesophageal cancer from the perspective of patients and family members. Also, their needs for information and how they seek information in relation to the illness were investigated. The thesis comprises one qualitative meta-analysis and three empirical studies including data from patients, family members, and health-care professionals. Paper I was a qualitative meta-analysis the aim of which was to extend knowledge about patients' and family members' experiences of living with oesophageal cancer and clinically similar cancer forms, mainly head and neck cancer. As a result of the thematic analysis we have shown that both patients and family members 'run into an unpredictable enemy'. Patients had to 'endure a fading body' Running into an unpredictable enemy and enduring a fading body led to -entering social silence' for patients and family members.The aim of paper II was to describe patients' experiences of living with oesophageal cancer and how they seek information in relation to the illness. Data was collected by qualitative interviews with thirteen patients and analysed by qualitative content analysis. The findings describe patients' experiences of receiving the diagnosis, their experiences of vague symptoms, and of existential concerns evoked by the illness. Undergoing investigations and treatment caused extreme tiredness. Patients experienced that the illness intruded upon their daily life. In order to manage the life-threatening illness- they sought information about the illness.The aim of paper III was to describe family members' experiences of living with a patient suffering from oesophageal cancer, their information needs and information seeking Data was collected by means of qualitative interviews with nine family members and analysed by qualitative content analysis. The findings describe that family members lacked awareness of the disease. When faced with the diagnosis, shock, stress, and disbelief were evoked . The cancer illness became intrusive into their everyday lives, routines, and life plans. Uncertainty about the course and prognosis of the disease was the main source of distress among them. In order to learn, obtain understanding for the illness, and manage this uncertainty, family members entrusted themselves to the experts and sought information from them.Paper IV was a pilot study the aim of which was to describe patients' and family members' information needs following a diagnosis of oesophageal cancer, their satisfaction with information obtained, and health-care professionals' perceptions concerning patients' and family members' information needs. Data was collected by means of a study-specific questionnaire and analysed with descriptive statistics. The results indicate that patients' and family members need for information following a diagnosis of oesophageal cancer was substantial and had not been adequately met by health-care professionals.In conclusion, the receipt of the diagnosis of oesophageal cancer was an abrupt change from feeling healthy with vague symptoms to having a life-threatening illness. The illness disrupts patients' and family members' social world and relationships, and the whole family is affected. For understanding and managing the illness, they sought information from health-care professionals, social networks, and various media
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| 27. |
- Andreasson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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A global measure of sickness behaviour : Development of the Sickness Questionnaire
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1359-1053 .- 1461-7277. ; 23:11, s. 1452-1463
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Symptoms after inflammatory activation, so-called sickness behaviour, overlap with trans-diagnostic complaints. As no self-report questionnaire to assess sickness behaviour exists, we aimed to develop such an instrument, the Sickness Questionnaire. Items responsive to experimentally induced inflammatory activation (randomized double-blind study endotoxin (0.6 ng/kg) versus placebo, n = 52) were selected and the statistical properties were examined in 172 primary care patients. A principal component analysis indicated a one-factor solution (Cronbach's alpha = .86). This 10-item scale correlated with depression ( β = .41, p < .001), anxiety ( β = .36, p < .001), self-rated health ( β = .28, p < .001) and a single item of feeling sick ( β = .55, p < .001). The results support the adequacy of Sickness Questionnaire as a brief assessment instrument of perceived sickness behaviour.
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| 28. |
- Asp, Joline, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol exposure prior to pregnancy-does hazardous consumption affect placenta- and inflammatory-mediated pregnancy outcomes? A Swedish population-based cohort study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 101:12, s. 1386-1394
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is related to severe birth complications such as low birthweight, preterm birth and birth defects. During the last decade, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) has been used as a screening tool in Swedish maternal healthcare units to identify hazardous, pre-pregnancy alcohol use. However, evaluation of the screening with AUDIT, as well as adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes, has not been assessed at a national level.This was a population-based cohort study of 530458 births from 2013 to 2018 using demographic, reproductive and maternal health data from the Swedish Pregnancy Register. Self-reported alcohol consumption in the year before pregnancy, measured as AUDIT scores, was categorized into moderate (6-13 points) and high-risk (14-40 points) consumption, with low-risk (0-5 points) consumption as the reference group. Associations with pregnancy- and birth outcomes were explored with logistic regressions using generalized estimating equation models, adjusting for maternal and socioeconomic characteristics. Estimates are presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).High-risk and moderate pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption was associated with preeclampsia, preterm birth and birth of an infant small for gestational age (SGA), but these associations were nonsignificant after adjustments. Prior moderate-risk (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17-1.42) and high-risk consumption (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.17-2.25) increased the likelihood of intrapartum and neonatal infections.Apart from identifying hazardous alcohol consumption prior to pregnancy and the offer of counseling, screening with the AUDIT in early pregnancy indicates a high risk of inflammatory-/placenta-mediated pregnancy and birth outcomes. For most outcomes, AUDIT was not an independent contributor when adjusting for confounding factors. Hazardous alcohol use prior to pregnancy was independently linked to intrapartum and neonatal infections; conditions associated with morbidity and long-term sequalae. These associations may be explained by alcohol-induced changes in the maternal or fetal immune system in early pregnancy or persistent alcohol intake during pregnancy, or may depend on unidentified confounding factors.
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| 29. |
- Asplund, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Malnutrition in hospitalized elderly patients
- 1985
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Ingår i: Nutrition, immunity and illness in the elderly. - New York : Pergamon Press. - 0080324045 ; , s. 213-227
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 30. |
- Athlin, Elsy, et al.
(författare)
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Aberrant eating behavior in elderly parkinsonian patients with and without dementia : analysis of video-recorded meals
- 1989
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Ingår i: Research in Nursing & Health. - : Wiley. - 0160-6891 .- 1098-240X. ; 12:1, s. 41-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aberrant eating behavior among 14 elderly, non-demented and 10 demented patients with Parkinson's disease was studied by means of video-recordings. The findings revealed problems in handling food on the plate, transporting food into the mouth, manipulating food in the mouth, and swallowing. Interpretations were performed based on impairments of autonomic processes, perception, cognition, emotion, and motor performance that occur in the disease.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Audulv, Åsa, 1980-
(författare)
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Being creative and resourceful : Individuals’ abilities and possibilities for self-management of chronic illness
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Individuals’ self-management styles are crucial for how they manage to live with illness. Commonly investigated factors include social support, self-efficacy, health beliefs, and demographics. There is a gap in the literature with regard to in-depth studies of how those factors actually influence an individual’s self-management. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of self-management from the perspective of individuals living with chronic illness. Interviews were conducted with 47 individuals with various chronic illnesses, some of them repeatedly over two and a half years (a total of 107 interviews). The material was analysed with; constructive grounded theory, content analysis, phenomenography, and interpretive description. The Self-management Support Model identified aspects that influenced participants’ self-management: economic and social situation, social support, views and perspectives on illness, attribution of responsibility, and ability to integrate self-management into an overall life situation. For example, individuals with a life-oriented or disease-oriented perspective on illness prioritized different aspects of self-management. People who attributed internal responsibility performed a more complex self-management regimen than individuals who attributed external responsibility. In conclusion, individuals who were creative and resourceful had a better chance of tailoring a self-management regimen that suited them well. People in more disadvantaged positions (e.g., financial strain, limited support, or severe intrusive illness) experienced difficulty in finding a method of self-management that fit their life situation. These findings can inspire healthcare providers to initiate a reflective dialogue about self-management with their patients.
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| 33. |
- Axelsson, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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A Swedish cultural adaptation of the participation questionnaire Functional Scale of the Disability Evaluation System - Child version
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 44:9, s. 1720-1727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim was to culturally validate a questionnaire about children's/youth's participation to be used in a Swedish context. Methods: FUNDES-Child, based on the well-established CASP, was chosen. Questions about engagement and hindering factors were added to the existing questions about frequency and independence in 20 activity areas. Using a qualitative, explorative design, 16 interviews with children/youths/caregivers were made to explore opinions about the questionnaire. Follow-up interviews confirmed the result of the revised questionnaire. Qualitative content analysis was performed. Results: The interviews provided support for the questionnaire's relevance by being a tool to assess important aspects of participation, to gain insights into one's own/the child's participation, and to promote ideas about what causes the degree of participation. To achieve comprehensiveness, no activity area was found to be missing nor superfluous. However, some examples were needed to be modified where "parades" are unusual in Sweden and therefore removed, while "singing in choir" was added. In search for comprehensibility, opinions about the layout of the first version were raised and a varying degree of understanding of wording and concepts were found and thus taken into account. Conclusions: The questionnaire can be used for establishing meaningful goals and to potentially increase children's participation.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Axelsson, Anna Karin
(författare)
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Children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and their participation in family activities
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background. Families are essential parts of any community and throughout childhood one’s family serves as the central setting wherein opportunities for participation are offered. There is a lack of knowledge about participation of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) in family activities and how improved participation can be reached. Gathering such knowledge could enable an improvement in child functioning and wellbeing and also ease everyday life for families of a child with PIMD.Aim. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore participation seen as presence and engagement in family activities in children with PIMD and to find strategies that might facilitate this participation.Material and Methods. The research was cross-sectional and conducted with descriptive, explorative designs. First a quantitative, comparative design was used including questionnaire data from 60 families with a child with PIMD and 107 families with children with typical development (TD) (I, II). Following that, a qualitative, inductive design was used with data from individual interviews with parents of 11 children with PIMD and nine hired external personal assistants (III). Finally a mixed method design was conducted where collected quantitative data was combined with the qualitative data from the previous studies (IV).Results. It was found that children with PIMD participated less often, compared to children with TD, in a large number of family activities, however they participated more often in four physically less demanding activities. Children with PIMD also participated in a less diverse set of activities. Additionally, they overall had a lower level of engagement in the activities; however, both groups of children showed higher engagement in enjoyable, child-driven activities and lower engagement in routine activities. The motor ability of the child with PIMD was found to be the main child characteristic that affected their presence in the family activities negatively and child cognition was found to be the personal characteristic that affected their engagement in the activities. The child’s presence and engagement were influenced to a lesser extent by family socio-economic factors when compared to families with children with TD. Parents and hired external personal assistants described several strategies to be used to improve participation of the children with PIMD, such as by showing engagement in the activities oneself and by giving the child opportunities to influence the activities. The role of the hired external personal assistant, often considered as a family member for the child, was described as twofold: one supporting or reinforcing role in relation to the child and one balancing role in relation to the parents/the rest of the family, including reducing the experience of being burdened and showing sensitivity to family life and privacy. Conclusion. A child with PIMD affects the family’s functioning and the family’s functioning affects the child. Child and environmental factors can act as barriers that have the result that children with PIMD may experience fewer and less varied activities that can generate engaged interaction within family activities than children with TD do. Accordingly, an awareness and knowledge of facilitating strategies for improved participation in family activities is imperative. There needs to be someone in the child’s environment who sets the scene/stage and facilitates the activity so as to increase presence and engagement in proximal processes based on the child’s needs. The family, in turn, needs someone who can provide respite to obtain balance in the family system. External personal assistance includes these dual roles and is of importance in families with a child with PIMD.
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| 36. |
- Axelsson, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Engagement in family activities : a quantitative, comparative study of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and children with typical development
- 2013
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Ingår i: Child Care Health and Development. - : Wiley. - 0305-1862 .- 1365-2214. ; 39:4, s. 523-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundParticipation is known to be of great importance for children's development and emotional well-being as well as for their families. In the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – Children and Youth version participation is defined as a person's ‘involvement in a life situation’. Engagement is closely related to involvement and can be seen as expressions of involvement or degree of involvement within a situation. This study focuses on children's engagement in family activities; one group of families with a child with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) and one group of families with children with typical development (TD) were compared.MethodsA descriptive study using questionnaires. Analyses were mainly performed by using Mann–Whitney U-test and Spearman's rank correlation test.ResultsEngagement in family activities differed in the two groups of children. The children with PIMD had a lower level of engagement in most family activities even though the activities that engaged the children to a higher or lesser extent were the same in both groups. Child engagement was found to correlate with family characteristics mostly in the children with TD and in the children with PIMD only negative correlations occurred. In the children with PIMD child engagement correlated with cognition in a high number of listed family activities and the children had a low engagement in routines in spite of these being frequently occurring activities.ConclusionsLevel of engagement in family activities in the group of children with PIMD was lower compared with that in the group of children with TD. Families with a child with PIMD spend much time and effort to adapt family living patterns to the child's functioning.
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| 37. |
- Axelsson, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Frequency of occurrence and child presence in family activities : a quantitative, comparative study of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and children with typical development
- 2014
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES. - 2047-3869. ; 60:1, s. 13-25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The objective was to investigate the performance aspect of participation, operationalized as the frequency of occurrence of family activities and child presence in these activities for children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) and children with typical development (TD). The focus was also on how family and child characteristics are related to the frequency of occurrence of family activities. This is part of a larger research project investigating facilitating factors for participation in children with PIMD. Methods: A descriptive, comparative study was performed using a questionnaire developed for the purpose. Results: In the families with a child with PIMD, the majority of activities occurred less often than in families with children with TD. In both groups, relationships were found between the frequency of occurrence of family activities and total family income, as well as the educational level of the parents. For children with PIMD, motor ability, cognition, health, and behaviour, were related to frequency of occurrence. Moreover, the presence of the children in the activities differed in the two groups; the children with PIMD were present in the activities less often. Discussion: Considering a long-term perspective, low occurrence of family activities and child presence may affect child development and everyday functioning. Knowledge about factors related to the occurrence of family activities and child presence in them, as well as an understanding of its causes, can promote the provision of everyday natural learning opportunities for children with PIMD.
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| 38. |
- Axelsson, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies that facilitate participation in family activities of children and adolescents with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: parents’ and personal assistants’ experiences
- 2014
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 36:25, s. 2169-2177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Participation throughout one's life plays a significant role for development and emotional well-being. For this reason, there is a need to identify ways to facilitate participation in family activities for children and adolescents with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD).Methods: The study design was qualitative and explorative, based on semi structured interviews with 11 parents and 9 personal assistants of children with PIMD.Results: The interviews revealed participation-facilitating strategies relating to the children's/adolescent's proximal environment, such as "Availability and acceptability of the activity", "Good knowledge about the child" and a "A positive attitude of people close to the child", as well as strategies related to the children/adolescents themselves: "Sense of belonging", "Possible for the child/adolescent to understand", "Opportunities to influence" and "Feeling of being needed".Conclusions: Children and adolescents with PIMD are dependent on support obtained through their environment. The identified strategies, individually adapted through awareness and knowledge by the parents and the personal assistants, provide important evidence to assist our understanding in gaining understanding about how to improve participation in family activities of children and adolescents with PIMD.Implications for Rehabilitation Participation-facilitating strategies related to the child/adolescent and his or her proximal environments are identified to improve participation in children and adolescents with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). Examples of strategies for the child's/adolescents' proximal environment include "good knowledge about the child/adolescent", and, for the child/adolescent, include creating "sense of belonging" and "opportunities to influence". Identifying and making these strategies explicit may assist in enhancing the participation of children and adolescents with PIMD in family activities. People in the child's/adolescent's proximal environment need to set the scene for participation.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Axelsson, Anna Karin
(författare)
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The role of the external personal assistants for children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities working in the children's home
- 2015
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Ingår i: JARID. - : Wiley. - 1360-2322 .- 1468-3148. ; 28:3, s. 201-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities need support to function in an optimal way. However, there is a limited knowledge about the role of external personal assistants working in the children's home. Materials and Methods A mixed method study was performed including qualitative data from interviews with 11 Swedish parents and nine external personal assistants and quantitative data from questionnaires answered by 60 families. Results For the child, the assistant's role was one of reinforcing, meaning supportive and empowering, and the child needed a high level of assistance. For the family, the role was one of balancing and the external personal assistant was more often found to assist in activities away from home while parents tended to assist within home and in family unit activities. Conclusion In planning and implementation of external assistance, the child's needs as well as considerations of the whole family should be regarded.
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| 41. |
- Axelsson, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Art through City Space
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här nätpublikationen visar utsnitt ur fyra verk om och i stadens rum tillsammans med reflektioner kring arbetsprocesserna och slutresultaten. Två forskare och två konstnärer, en fotograf och en essäist medverkar. Verk och texter skapades inom projektet Konst genom staden vars syfte var att utveckla konstnärlig forskning som på olika sätt engagerar sig i staden som rum. Projektets titel syftar till rörelse och flöde likaväl som den anger ett perspektiv.För att navigera mellan text och verk i publikationen, klicka på titlar som placerats på bilden.
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| 42. |
- Axelsson, Bodil, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Between places : The artist's work and the work of art
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Senmoderna reflexioner. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789175199450 ; , s. 113-123
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Senmoderna reflexioner. Festskrift till Johan Fornäs, är en antologi med tjugotre artiklar tillägnade Johan Fornäs på hans 60-årsdag den 7 mars 2012. Flera av artiklarna utgår från teman i Johan Fornäs böcker, medan andra på olika sätt behandlar ämnen relaterade till hans breda och mångfacetterade intresseområden. Boken är indelad i fyra tematiska delar, som behandlar olika praktiker: teoretiska, mediala, estetiska och litterära. Under rubriken ”teoretiska praktiker” diskuteras olika aspekter av hermeneutik, kulturalisering och kulturellt kapital. Under ”mediala praktiker” återfinns studier av samtida mediefenomen och deras relationer till demokrati och politik. ”Estetiska praktiker” innefattar bidrag som diskuterar kulturella praktikers funktion i den offentliga sfären. I den avslutande delen, ”litterära praktiker”, analyseras utvalda litterära texter och den diskurs som omger dem. Huvuddelen av artiklarna är skrivna på svenska, med undantag av tre engelska bidrag.Our primary focus is on Sound Machine, an installation by Parisbased artist Esther Shalev-Gerz and initially created for Norrköping’s Industrial Landscape, and which then began “commuting” to other venues. The realization of this work involved many forms of collaboration, and the artist’s commuting between Norrköping and other locations was a contributing factor. We examine therefore notions of collaborative art, a term covering a diverse range of artistic practices. We identify specific points in the collaborative production of Sound Machine when the artist asserted her autonomy, and relate these in turn to what is commonly referred to as the artist’s signature. We conclude with a discussion of the meanings of place as the work begins its own “commute” into other venues across the transnational domain of contemporary art.
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| 43. |
- Axelsson, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Between Places : The Artist's Work and the Work of Art
- 2012
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Ingår i: Senmoderna reflexioner. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789175199450 ; , s. 113-123
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter examines the place of art in two concrete ways, first, as the location of the site-specific atrwork involving an artist's drawn-out commute during its production, and second, as a re-location the artwork undergoes as it is displayed in other venues. The focus is on Sound Machine, by Paris-based artist Esther Shalev-Gerz, initially created for Norrköping's Industrial Landscape, before it began "commuting" to other venues, including Paris and Stockholm.
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| 44. |
- Axelsson, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Konst genom staden : (Art Through City Space)
- 2010
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this project was to develop arts-based research involving, in various ways, urban space and its inhabitants. The project title — ‘art through city space’ — suggests movement and flow, as well as a perspective. Thus, the space of the city provided a conceptual framework for developing works that engaged with far larger issues than those conventionally associated with art in public space. The project participants were Johan Berglund, Jonas Dahlberg, Göran Dahlberg and Esther Shalev-Gerz, as well as researchers Bodil Axelsson and Karin Becker. As initially formulated, ‘Art through City Space’ was to address issues concerning the place of art in contemporary urban space. The idea was that the work developed in the project would, in one way or another, be ‘public art’ even as it was expected to challenge and contest traditional views of the place of art in public space. Through the process and the artworks that were realised over the three-year period, the artistic research process led the project group into a range of other questions and practices central to contemporary urban life.
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| 45. |
- Axelsson, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Mobilising participation in the work of art : Sound Machine by Esther Shalev-Gerz
- 2011
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Ingår i: <em>The Art of Engagement</em>. - Sydney : UWA Publishing. - 9781742582870 ; , s. 181-196
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapter by Swedish writers Bodil Axelsson and Karin Becker analyses Sound Machine, a collaborative contemporary art project that was developed integrally with university activities in research and teaching. This interface opened up the rare possibility of participant research into the work processes of a well-known European collaborative artist, Esther Shalev-Gerz. The researchers trace different modes of engagement with participating non-artist subjects - such as the women who provide 'cultural memory' of earlier forms of work and engagement with technology - as well as other forms of participation essential for Sound Machine's conceptual, technical and institutional development.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Axelsson, Daniel, 1974-
(författare)
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Postpartum infections; prevalence, associated obstetric factors and the role of vitamin D
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Postpartum infections are a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Breast infection, endometritis, urinary tract infection and wound infections are the most common postpartum infections and together they affect almost 20% of women after childbirth. Some risk factors for postpartum infections, for example cesarean section, have been relatively well studied, but other presumable risk factors are yet to be confirmed.The proportion of pregnant women who are overweight or obese is increasing in most parts of the world. Increased maternal body mass index (BMI) is associated with maternal and infant morbidity. The association between overweight / obesity and postpartum infections is incompletely understood. Vitamin D deficiency has in epidemiological studies been shown to increase the risk of various infections. Furthermore, vitamin D is an important factor in the human immune system. Concomitantly, vitamin D supplementation seems protective against some types of infections. Whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for postpartum infections has not been studied.Material and Methods: In a population-based observational study using questionnaires, the prevalences of postpartum wound infections, endometritis, urinary tract infections and mastitis in the southeast region of Sweden were estimated (Paper I). All women giving birth in the region during one year (n=11 124) were asked to participate. Papers II and III were cohort studies based on all deliveries in Sweden during eight years (2005-2012). Data sources were the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Swedish National Patient Register and the Swedish Prescribed Drugs Register. In paper II all term deliveries were included (n=795 072). Risk factors for postpartum wound infections, endometritis and urinary tract infection were evaluated. Paper III included all deliveries (n=841 780) and examined the impact of BMI on the risk of postpartum wound infections, endometritis and breast abscess after different modes of delivery. Infections were defined as the presence of applicable ICD-10 codes. The Mantel-Haenszel technique was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios. In paper IV the association between vitamin D deficiency and overall postpartum infectious morbidity was analyzed. Serum samples from the Pregnancy Biobank in Linköping, drawn at the time of delivery, were used to determine concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 1397 women. ICD-10 codes were extracted from the women’s medical records. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was calculated and adjusted odds ratios for postpartum infections were estimated with multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results: More than one out of ten women in southeast Sweden reported wound infections; endometritis, urinary tract infection or mastitis postpartum and 7.5% reported antibiotic treatment for infection. Cesarean section was the strongest risk factor for wound infection, followed by obstetric anal sphincter injuries and episiotomy. For endometritis, the strongest risk factors were anemia, manual placental removal and emergency cesarean section. Urinary tract infection was associated with anemia, instrumental vaginal delivery and emergency cesarean section. There was a dose-dependent increased risk of postpartum infection with higher BMI. For morbidly obese women the risk of infection was over 50% higher than for normal weight women. The risk of endometritis after normal vaginal delivery increased the higher the BMI, as did the risk of wound infection after cesarean section, regardless of the type of cesarean section. For breast abscess, there was an inverse association with BMI.Vitamin D deficiency was present among almost 60% of pregnant women at the time of delivery. No association between vitamin D deficiency and postpartum infections was found.Conclusions: Every tenth Swedish woman acquired an infection postpartum and three quarters of them received antibiotics for infection. Anemia was an important risk factor for postpartum infection, and the strongest risk factor for endometritis and urinary tract infection. Strong efforts should be made to reduce blood loss during and after childbirth. This thesis confirmed cesarean section as a major risk factor for postpartum infection, especially wound infection. The risk increased if the woman was overweight or obese, regardless of whether it was a planned or an emergency cesarean section.Vitamin D deficiency was common among Swedish pregnant women, but it was not found to be associated with postpartum infections.
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| 48. |
- Axelsson, Emil, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Feldspar: A Domain Specific Language for Digital Signal Processing algorithms
- 2010
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Ingår i: Eighth ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Codesign. - 9781424478859 ; , s. 169-178
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new language, Feldspar, is presented, enabling high-level and platform-independent description of digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. Feldspar is a pure functional language embedded in Haskell. It offers a high-level dataflow style of programming, as well as a more mathematical style based on vector indices. The key to generating efficient code from such descriptions is a high-level optimization technique called vector fusion. Feldspar is based on a low-level, functional core language which has a relatively small semantic gap to machine-oriented languages like C. The core language serves as the interface to the back-end code generator, which produces C. For very small examples, the generated code performs comparably to hand-written C code when run on a DSP target. While initial results are promising, to achieve good performance on larger examples, issues related to memory access patterns and array copying will have to be addressed.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Axelsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Mätstrategistudie, DOAS-konventionella mätinstrument
- 1989
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I föreliggande rapport har punkt- och linjemätningar av luftföroreningar jämförts dels teoretiskt och dels, då så varit möjligt, genom belysande exempel från praktiska mätningar. Tonvikten i jämförelserna har legat på DOAS, men då ur utvärderingssynpunkt LIDAR-mätningar kan betraktas som en avancerad form av DOAS-mätning, har resultaten, där så varit möjligt, generaliserats att gälla även LIDAR: Av resultaten framgår, att då koncentrationsfältet av den studerade gasen varierar snabbt i tid eller rum i förhållande till vid mätningen använda mätsträckor och integrationstider, så måste försiktighet iakttagas vid tolkningen av fjärranalysdata.
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